HIS RISA} S 39 © Tomodachi ni nard erage BAS Zooey. 2 Yasui no gat desu. HBB BT ST BA tae BST s We Wo cee CHET E. 29 here 0 tsukau koto mo dekimasu yo. SHANA Slats aaata ga AEA | Wolk £6 lta BSA — ICR MERNELAD. 35 Isshoni yoru-gohan o tabemasen ka. PAG} fH aitod Vata Cts AIAN? Yady KUFSFL 2 Bik BAEK DY. 39, Banguradeshu-ryéri wa md tabemashita ka. i, TReTICTeTS atat SOTA CaMTATEA FP | HS ICGOTK HEL 45 | to tomodachi ni nate kudasai.BShAE > ey RUOKUWTH. Yasui no ga idesu. HBABt Act Get BI {Dialogue} SRST gag GT aerate Met COTRTATS CTE ATS CPT FATE Ua ME = Tips “ie : xen. + bb 6 eK SVETI, Wa, takusan arimasu ne. hte AVE OTTO Donna sumaho gai desu ka. Li DHYSEK, BOO VOTH. Yoku wakarimasen. Yasui no gai desu. et BOOTH, Ht CITT. Yasui no desu ne. Sore wa dé desu ka. Dore désu ka. AHS? baw IND. Uae xa bet to AD RUONTT. Sono akaino desu. BE 9-hk, 640% A*EVCHH, Un, chotto 6ki desu ne Ls ve, 69 Bult, Ja, ano shiroi no wa. et OTH. BH OTT. Idesu ne. Osusurne desu ka. Bech UW 4-2 —TH ES. ‘Hai, totemo i méka desu yo. '@ mm Nouns are ton osusume BTTe sore aH dore cH meka 2-1— Verbs aru 5S I Adjectives akai 5m 7 ao Oki SES shiroi Law takai SiON) chisai FEEL yasui eru Others ano bO kono *lo sono xD takusan RX hs iotemo ete dono *en chotto Si &: Wa bh ~OUIUITH, ..gatdesu. ETTEM do desu ka. Lipo sta, Yoku wakarimasen. [Vocabulary 38 BMD apie cet e@rret savstTe are ane ate ole pe A) co au rar Hv wit, SE ASE ete Hel ST 33 ae oe aad aS ABT oa Sms [Expressions] UG let Ba NT GI OW Sa Gans sttafSaty[Grammar] @® 1, Adj + N tsi Gtate feted Be ON! Slot sat ous |-O AP azz na-(al) ert fAetanw sansa ‘Sala FAA, Old Has GPa aA TIGA wet VU! Adjectives in Japanese are divided into two types, i-adjectives and na-adjectives, according to their final syllables when they are modified into nouns, Ls + Aud Bu av ete thi ett ou £9 TH, Shiro} sumaho sukina aga Totemoimeka desu. Sitet ane cere staraa Fremt a8 ole AyOSIS! 2, Adj + ® (Adj + no) ater Wen Retafe fgets otra cata (ter fate ARONA OD fe a oft ae[Grammar] @) 1. INZV GL) CE] AS GEEF ([N/Vcru> koto] ga dekimasu) CEAF ar ae ay “Had, HEA” a8 aA, AS aS at Ww Aa sat wy, ote 48 4 fea fBfeo sat ea! GAS U5 BETH (> aa TPA ReIfTo GTA HS » aa BSB 2) T#£F (dekimasu) means “can do; tobe able todo”. In this construction, the thing what the + agent can do is marked by 4 (ga), like inthe '-+-4* 4% C+ (gasukidesu)J construction (+See Unit 2 in Lesson 1.) ANGUS AL yA CHEF, Hasan san wa sakka ga dekimasu. RDIA OBIT CAAT FAL EAD od SD AVHKL RBS (RAI eK THEFT. Kono sumaho wa Nihongo o tsukeu koto ga dekimasu. 63 MSHI SIA Vlat asta Sata! 2. Adj CF (Adj desu) Rictes ey facture 1fSor8 aata Gar aaeta aw ates at, facerm foras eats BET HSI i- @ fetes aa ese C+ atere ote US sat Bal na-(at) feted aa GH Clea 4 at fret C4 Bp sat aI Adjectives are used not only as noun modifiers but also as predicates. In the case of i-adjectives, CF (desu) is simply added at the end of the sentence, in the case ofna-adjectives, the final 7% (na) is dropped and <4 (desu) is added et [A ALS IMD AHL ROTH, brLld BED RBS BATH, Kono sumaho wa yasui desu. Watashi wa nihon no éga ga suki desu. 3 6 rate St On otsttia Brera sta7 ofa (HV E+K 1-3) fertat ag afoats ata tha tale GAT NaS MI 1-8) Actet aa Garg Gta (yah A UR! na-(AN) farted aa og CHa *e az tate Les Ee NT $4 XA (ku arimasen) is used as the negative form for i-adjectives dropping the final \\ (i). For na-adjectives, U » £44 (ja arimasen) is used dropping the final % (na)? ' 2 F® feetet aa cre < Hue gas na(at) fiead as cE Let TH fate FF Rona qaas wat we < #0 TH (ku nai desu) and Ue fete (ja nai desu) is also applied as the negative forms respectively.(49) a“ _< it we pee) tthe op *y 2 wu \ bt. Lit At oe ; ee Se —— Watashi wa supotsu ga suki Ja arimasen Are wa yasuku afimasen. 61 tA ai eletgent 1a ofa AT 3 Nr &Y No (DIES) AX Adj TH (Ni yori N> (no ha) ga Adj oe wtatfa wtata comparative degree 44 IA wat CI yale fafas gett Gals OR...” APTA AA AH AAAS A AUS | Poh There are no comparative degree forms in Japanese. Just simply N £ ) (yori) “than. to express the notion of comparison between two things in the by“aa “is added adjective sentences. ee) LS BuMke) GQvow wWoTT. Kuroi no yori shiroi no ga I desu. siete (eI HMB wret | N DEF Baa Sa HA ile ala GAT aro IE AMG! = LE) BIAS SS aH ACS TU uly ator (alte Hats fT TAT UI N @lZ4 (no he) tends to be added to emphasize the notion of comparison, and 4) (yori) is often omitted when it is obvious from the context. Qa L4 (BvoOk£Y) BOO [£98 v0 TF, (Kuroi no yori) shiroi no no hé gai desu. (@iitbta rel) HITS Wiel BI CES Bat Cob ochyers aoa Mey Sago Vel ANS! © & (dochira) or & a & (docchi) are used in comparative question sentences. Yoh (M59) BUTTS. Docchi (no ho) gai desu ka. @tAbt wtet I? f MA ae aA F465, Koh GRN OIE) BY NG WR ASAT Saat Sata Say aacte Sat Bw ates, Bays foals at ota efit feos wen Atl } It should be noted that £6 & (dochira), &> 4 (docchi) and N M125 (no hé) are only among two things, and never among three or more things. — et + HNL BCwOTT. Dt Lit AK-74 HS Cet cp Are wa yasuku nai desu. Watashi wa supotsu ga suki ja nai desy ° 281 yet AT OUT Clete steH BAT AT nn[Trarslation] G) win aw? $0,000 Btat! SAS IR ABET Caz fo? ANG Ct! 43 SHeAtbt v 000 Bret! ants SoRP? aiatet x8 fist fog Steatet ow ft Mot BY SS potest urls fs? Ot, Wl Gta wlats Tela Saw AlACaAT TI ON, fo @ Sf Sot at ote BA? SHIT OA ANAT Bt let WH seit GOB OT SIEM wie, Htntets fal [Additional Vocabulary: Numbers I!.} . . uy Ww ichi-man — 5 $0,000 re Geo ju-man + 00,000 hyaku -man > ,000,000 issen-man 0,000,000— ic BR i = ERAE AD. Isshoni yoru-gohan o tabemasen ka. oe aoxy fe atwod 2ttata ete ata? [Dialogue] © BIT aze GA CHtatdar oats a fo Sats FET Fre APASAAT SA! Cpe Ma: coh. FEM BUETH. Konoato, yoté ga arimasu ka. Noy ese, CALC. . ane. poate desu ka. bak bolt ; Ma — 8 tc we “Re EXEC, Isshoni yoru-gohan o tabemasen ka. 259 GAD Se bee ede € Ge Ky6 no oré ni gochiso-shi-tai desu. oy Boe CED, DIOL GIST. Honto desu ka. Arigaté gozaimasu. Uw mie Ok We: os BXKUTID. Nani ga act desu ka. oe Wet) rity : pe RL HES ESET. Die: ry6ri ga tabe-tai desu. bk 4 i at Me: Whi iw ER HVETH, Chikaku nii mise ga arimasu ka. < en ; dott me Ch [SLA OS SY ET, Hai. Sugu chikaku ni oishi mise ga arimasu. WW Beet ee Ut. . Ja, ikimasho.m Nouns ore kyo Chika-ryori ) mise € yoté) ™@ Verbs jochisé-sur @ Adjectives ohishi @ Others kono-ato sugu gaosnite 29 kino ® [Vocabulary] BI Bal pout #4 4- 5 ots Seg Pv ed pees visfasi atts at is cited Et FE sifaogt IbZ5TS lire] CHATS atoatel BULY fi] Heit; ANY DHE Com aa aa eae gua’, frebadt, ateritet De i < IE ale LILe a Zest &Ltz &B ud mainichi ie aifafirn® [Grammar] 1. Nil= NovAY HYEF (Nj ni Noga arimasu) NAS 4 Y > otestrertore erent ator fanfare fn tas areata wat BAN (= fre TA Ont SAS arayia sae wt Baro Gat TI? things including plants. The N % 4) £4 (ga arimasu) express the existence of inanimate particle [= (ni) indicates the place where the things cxists MCI ER BVETH. Chikaku nit mise ga arimasu ka. SICTACT STA ter CateotsT INS F257 or fan ris atone ane fe at ots eee Gate aaa SAI BI It also can be used to express the possession of inanimate things. He ka oh, FER SVETD. bEL It AVAH HVEK, Konoato, yoté ga arimasu ka. Watashi wa sumaho ga arimasen ITA aT OPT I cover ory afar Une £2 2. V#EHAA (V-masen ka) VE Ad chat Staite aaatd dal BA ASI oN V £++/)%> (masen ka) can be used to express an invitation Aces bole (th EbL9e — alc RT mE BxkEhh, BB Ic 95S RECA. Isshoni yoru gohan c tabemaser: ka. Nichiydbi ni uchi ni kimasen ka. apttet f AMA ARTA ACW Sts? aftata fe (GINta)abTA GISTs ATA AP? 3. VELEI (V-masho) VELES “Det..” Gon He sala GT AS _at ort Sat Sal Vv #U £3 (mashd) “lets...” is used to express to suggest a plan of action. Sug ee e7) ys . EIS (te . PR H BO BE FeELEI. BRET LELEI. Chika-ryori no omise ni ikimasho. Nihongo de hanashimasho.. pret enbrat ota Bears atl weet ote tata wat af) GG, NAS d+ Tae Fal BA (5 v ag BAAE 2 AT!) things, N 48 \+¢4 (ga imasu) is used. (See Unit2, Lesson3.)4, Vfel»eF (V-tai desu) LUC apa He visal fart Fata Gru aata Sat BA eee ee ish of the spe V fet» CF tai desu is used to express the desire or strong W aker. A ee we SEK ae BALI C6tILRETH. biz Lid BARE a ae Oré ni gochis6-shi-tai desu. Watashi wa ee ' POST TUAW ABA BS warifit atid ice Ble! ate otstfa orate date ate eV TH IAT OTA Boat stab ata GA TAaIA at AT frond fort Sat 22! n Gara Seat fares SaAaCta WS BAT A AIST AOT : er Note that V 714 (tai desu) is not used to describe desires orwishes of the third p . Japanese, they are usually expressed either as quotations or observations. as follows. bur aly We : "i M SA Be Cb4 Ue eee Jun-san wa oré ni gochis6-shi-tai to itte imasu. BA are & Gost sont gata GAT UINTTTHATS ABA OT! (Translation) 8 AA COTS CHIN HFS ETAT wry fe? CR AP? ADAM fH Aiwa Lats ceo SNAP USHA POMS FA ASAw Bis were? Karat fe celts D3? Distr attats cette ot31 CTSA BT OH HTT Ne fH? BM, Ae OHS Yay (tated) Gta ae IRE, ABat Us!17 yas ao RUDDF YAH BS SBE Lich’. Banguradeshu-ryori wa mo tabemashita ka. aigentere ta AIAt SoopTee AGT 82 BSfAb 8 (Dialogue) © aT cae GF Gof DIAG EEA ANZ! De 2 bs. BULA Fe eRe eT, Wa, oishi-s6. ltadakimasu. HL Foy ree ees I we Itadakimasu. Aji wa do desu ka. Car Sg: ete BULUTH. Totemo oishi desu. bibs % TlLed. PRL H BScck KREUK. [esho. Watashi wa senshi mo koko ni kimashita. ~ Ss Ue - a 7 MA: 457TH. So desu ka. ‘) a Ce NYTIF VAR BOLUTTH LE. Demo, Banguradeshu-rydri mo oishi desu yo. Ve PG Re Does Lien M6 tabemashita ka. WR sa, EYEE BREUR. Ww Hai. Biriyani ee! Ny XFalt RAELIED ye Kichuri wa tabemashita ka. ae wea) We Oa. RETH. Che ATID, Te. mada desu. Donna ryéri desu ka. 2 AL (thy ae AL—-ROCRTH. FLT BOLUTTE, Karé aji no gohan desu. Karakute oishi desu yo. eeny 18 a Ldoks, BRAD KR. Fb RECAD. Yokattara, nichiySbi no yoru, uchi ni kimasen ka. Gis ied! 205 bELO #O HBL RATT. ino hahano rydriwasaiko desu. ,m Nouns aji kare kichuri saiko senshd haha m Adjectives karai genki yameé m@ Others mada mo yokattara Uedee 2 qi Itadakimasu. TLENs Desho. ZATHO. S6 desu ka. HU ne 4Fa') EVV thls (alt lil [na] [na] DoW "The Fy) OLY f= (+negative) 69 kD ois [Vocabulary] of am oaette = weatees ES wae oft, 358 sto ABZ z wt Hey) ater aR apeart, FE az apreat, faairs ets fou aft bts (Expressions) eats SAT LA! Qathaata test, oes COA fet ete et!) te TT wis ati? [Additional Vocabulary for Tastes} as #0 karai Lealty» shoppai Foley suppai[Grammar] 4 VELEYV EHA ELIE (V-mashita /\V-masen deshita) £ L te oa era foata ore ay feat ef aes aT ETE EeATL I Afoatbs tora SAI adatd Sal I - (mashita) form means the activities which were performe The action verbs in & U7 past. £#A CLP (masen deshita) is used as the negative form. d in the Affirmative Negative VEEP V-£th masu masen Vee bite Veet Tt UR masen deshita Present Past mashita thle % bfellit #% Wb Icke REL. Watashi wa senshi me koko ni kimashita. wi testes atte ate Und <4 4s W *Alt By AvaAE BoetATLE. Jun-san wa kuroi sumaho o kaimasendeshita. BA Stet ate crate raha 2. 454+V#LE (md + V-mashital’ $j9+VEUKE frie saa Wet GIA Steet Cte sate Soro Sal! #4 (mo)+V = Uz (mashita) indicates the completion of an action or event by the certain point of time. yrad 3 SY T7IF Yat BE RAELED. Mé Banguradeshu-ryori o tabemashita ka. Sooner atcerufAt stat elena fe? 4 QUT ARNG Te @, Cota ah Cte aa aN ARPS qa E+ V ECA AN TH RE F VF) Weed waste a (OV CF) OE A, Ga ORE YT 1 6 BEATE 2) Itshould be noted that #72 (mada)+V (7) 1’ #+tA (te imasen) is used when the action or event has not been completed, not £72 (mada) +V #*tA (masen). (As for the V (F) WEA (te _ imasen) form. see Unit 2. Lesson 5.) $4 AvhE ROEUKD — wa, EK Roto kth. Mo sumaho o kaimashita ka. le, mada katte imasen. Romer -até corr forre fe At, aettat fora are-Adj kute / na-Adj de) -@ factet wary areata Sat A | : woe te aa fra T ® “3. j-Adj < Cc Zna-Adj T (i Rrorat ag OHS, CHA 3s iAdj < T/na-Adj T qafe at ota aft factet acre ctaa \) a fie 6 T ypaal ra(W) ae wall Fadi < T (kute)/na-Adj T (de) is used to connect more than tw j-adjeetives. the final \» (i) is dropped and < (kute) is added’, in U the final %2 (na) is dropped and (de)is added 0 adjectives In the c2 he case of na adjectives. vb 9 ee Ny Bot bey ack ae shirokute chisai sumaho yumedet meka (ats aay stmt ate CTT Raho ae eT AIOSIAT — Fa yld =< TCT BOUVTFH ES. Kichuri wa karakute oishi desu yo: Ripfa ater aae Wats (CI) alta anne ae cafe afeer oreo) abr aastse Please note that there is an exception, |)\* (i), which will chang aa /i< Ct 3Gl eto £< t (yokute). 0259 at hl (= sue co eo Hit RE ARST RETH Kono mise no ryori wa aji ga yokute sako desu. GB OTSA Stata AIT GteT ae HATE | 4, Adj + %3 (Adj + so) Adj + £5 Sam mearTE A ANTS GTA FFE Gal aa Std fOIS Hea TIA GTS fart Sea aml ..% 9 afsate tea oar, clad 0 at 4 anf <5 WA Adj + % 9 (86) indicates the speaker's conjecture based on sensory information, like visual. To form ...% 9 (s6) expression, the final (i) or 4 (na) are dropped and % 3 (sO) is added rj WAR NAYSTh, SAb AAZITTA. Hasan-san, kyo mo genki-so desu ne. BHA, CHC AAT BOR ATSSS IPE At be, BULT)I. Wa, oishi-so. Bats | Cree HET TOR YANG SSS BOY 0, ABI HG LS WT %I aA Hel Please note that there is an exception, ‘4 (i), which will change to £* (yosa) before % 4 (sO). __ie Gy Aves LEITH, @ Shiroi sumaho ga yosa-s6 desu ne. stat aiseetafe Stet WA Fwy, VISA? {Additional Vocabulary for Tastes] th Ld TAF Silas Eb wd a 38 G iH @ A senshi konshi raisha maisha sto AMIR 43 ABZ attra HSIZ af BIR | eho hits Sutto £072 S ; #@A sengetsu kongetsu raigetsu maitsuki SHON a2 casita ST fort (Translation) 8 StS! Gita Nata WA Teal “SotntfSutr” | [eltateaa Gar carat] atlas “Soren | Bln ENA? Fee ans! apins «Ol AP? aT to Hetes athe arate wre atfer@ 1e< ests SSAA ¢ Be RBG OTKESLY Boku to tomodachi ni natte kudasai. Tat Ota GPT IH V3! [Reading] beLit NYY TH. WIRTH NY TITY ARCH Watashi wa Hasan desu. Nijugo sai desu. Banguradeshu-jin desu. ga 7 Tia S oe -enjinia desu. Ue te AVE LF La (lk it? 5 a aks BL RB Ltdt. DADS BAT Hh FEF. aS Nihon- cee © benkyé -shiteimasu. Shi-gatsu kara Nihon de hatarakimasu. Tyree We BROT fo) fC L Nihon nitsuibe shina! desu 3 4S brov aket HUET Bo Bie RECT. Chotto Nihon-goo penesiinacn o fae no ho ga te bt BRD F. belt RB Ac AAG He LEtAt. Nihon no koe, ered to Ego to Nihon-go de hanashimasen ka. Ze Bat LET. Messéji, o-machi shite imasu. [Additional Vocabulary for Country and Nationality) Boies Bead aT os: Ar + , rae Banguradeshu Indo Chagoku Amerika aeTort (alas oa cartenfaet v& Sw Tivs Uh 8279 ak 4YKA -~ BA TAYAK Indo-jin Chigoku-jin Amerika-jin OST Bat Bias