UNIT 5: GLOBAL WARMING

VOCABULARY
1. Global warming: sự nóng lên toàn cầu
2. Atmosphere /'ætməsfiə[r]/: khí quyển
3. Balance /,bæləns/: sự cân bằng, sự cân đối
 keep (loose) one's balance: giữ (mất) thăng bằng 
4. Carbon dioxide (n) khí cocbonic
5. Coal /kəʊl/(n): than đá
6. Consequence /'kɒnsikwəns/ (n) : hậu quả
7. Cut down: chặt, đốn (cây)
8. Deforestation /di:fɒri'stei∫n/ (n): sự phá rừng; sự phát quang
9. Emission /i'mi∫n/ (n) : sự phát ra, sự bốc ra, sự tỏa ra
10. Environment /in'vaiərənmənt/ (n) : môi truờng
11. Farming /'fɑ:miη/(n): nghề nông
 Farmland: đất chăn nuôi, trồng trọt
12. Fossil fuel /'fɒslfju:əl/ : nhiên liệu hóa thạch (như than đá, dầu mỏ)
13. Heat-trapping (a): giữ nhiệt
14. Human activity: hoạt dộng của con người
15. Impact /'impækt/ (n) sự tác động, ảnh hưởng = influence (n,) =effect (n)
16. Leaflet /'li:flət/(n): tờ quảng cáo rời
17. Methane /'mi:θein/(n): metan
18. Pollutant /pə'lu:tənt/ (n): chất [gây] ô nhiễm
19. Release /ri'li:s/(v): giải thoát = emit
20. Renewable /ri'nju:əbl/(a): có thể gia hạn được
21. Sea level : mực nước biển
22. Soil /sɔil/(n): đất trồng
23. Soot /sut/ (n): bồ hóng, nhọ nồi, muội
24. Temperature /'temprət∫ə[r]/(n): nhiệt độ
 have (get; run) a temperature: [lên cơn] sốt
 take somebody's temperature: đo (lấy) nhiệt độ cho ai
25. Waste /weist/(n): đồ phế thải, rác
 go (run) to waste: bị lãng phí
26. Campaign /kæm'pein/(n): chiến dịch

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27. Biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): đa dạng sinh học
28. Vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dễ bị tổn thương, dễ gặp nguy hiểm
29. Habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): môi trường sống
30. Extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a): tuyệt chủng
 Extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng
31. Conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n): sự bảo tồn
32. Survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v): sống sót
 Survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n): sự sống sót
LÝ THUYẾT VỀ HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ VÀ QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ
1. Phân từ
Phân từ (Participle) - hay còn gọi là phân động từ là từ do động từ tạo ra và có đặc điểm như một tính từ
Các loại phân từ:
A. PHÂN TỪ HIỆN TẠI
Phân từ hiện tại hay còn gọi là hiện tại phân từ được tạo ra bằng cách thêm đuôi –ing vào phía sau động từ
nguyên mẫu.
Ví dụ: write ⇒ writing
Cách dùng:
- Đi sau động từ “tobe” để tạo thành thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
Ví dụ: She is listening to radio. (Cô ấy đang nghe đài).
- Sử dụng như một tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ:
Ví dụ: She told me an amusing story. (Cô ấy đã kể cho tôi nghe một câu chuyện vui)
- Thay thế, rút gọn mệnh đề:
   + Khi hai hành động có cùng chủ ngữ, xảy ra đồng thời hoặc hành động thứ 2 là một phần hoặc kết quả
của hành động thứ nhất, ta có thể rút gọn như sau:
   Ví dụ: Before I left, I sent an email for her. ⇒ Before leaving, I sent an email for her.
   + Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
   Ví dụ: Because I fail the exam, I don’t want to come back home.
⇒ Failing the exam, I don’t want to come back home.
   + Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
   Ví dụ: The boy who stands opposite us is a millionaire.
⇒ The boy standing opposite us is a millionaire.
- Sử dụng sau các động từ chỉ giác quan: smell, hear, taste, feel,…
Ví dụ: I feel uncomfortable seeing him. (Tôi cảm thấy khó chịu khi thấy anh ta)

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- Sử dụng sau các động từ: catch (bắt gặp), find (thấy, bắt gặp), leave (để cho ai làm gì) với cấu trúc:
Catch/find/leave + O + V.ing
Ví dụ: I find him dating with her. (Tôi bắt gặp anh ta đang hẹn hò với cô ấy)
- Sử dụng sau các động từ: go, spend, waste, be busy, come.
   + Go + Ving: nói đến các hoạt động
   Ví dụ: go shopping (đi mua sắm), go fishing (câu cá),…
   + Spend/waste + time/money + V.ing: dành/tiêu tốn thời gian/tiền bạc làm gì
   Ví dụ: I spent 10 dollars buying this shoes. (Tôi đã dành 10 đô la để mua đôi giày này).
   + Be busy + V.ing: bận rộn làm việc gì
   Ví dụ: Jane is busy clean her house. (Jane đang bận dọn nhà).
- Sử dụng sau các liên từ: when, if, although, while, once
Ví dụ: Once working at the office, you don’t have to go out during office hours.
B. PHÂN TỪ QUÁ KHỨ
Phân từ quá khứ hay còn gọi là quá khứ phân từ được tạo ra bằng cách thêm đuôi –ed vào cuối động từ
nguyên mẫu.
Ví dụ: watch ⇒ watched
Cách dùng:
- Đứng sau “tobe” để thành dạng bị động:
Ví dụ: The book was bought last week. (Quyển sách đã được mua vào tuần trước).
- Đứng sau have/had để tạo thành thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành:
Ví dụ: I have studied English for 10 years. (Tôi học tiếng Anh đã được 10 năm).
- Sử dụng như một tính từ để chỉ cảm xúc của một người đối với sự vật, sự việc.
Ví dụ: I was surprised about the party. (Tôi đã ngạc nhiên về buổi tiệc này).
- Sử dụng như một tính từ hoặc trạng từ có nghĩa tương đương như bị động.
Ví dụ: The police find the stolen car. (Cảnh sát đang tìm cái xe bị mất).
- Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động.
Ví dụ: Half of the people who were invited to the party left. ⇒ Half of the people invited to the party left.
(Một nửa khách được mời đã về)
- Sử dụng trong các câu cầu khiến bị động:
Ví dụ: She gets the house repaired. (Cô ấy sai người sửa lại nhà)
C. PHÂN TỪ HOÀN THÀNH
Phân từ hoàn thành được tạo ra bằng cách kết hợp “having” và quá khứ phân từ.
Phân từ hoàn thành có chức năng là nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước trong 2 hành động.

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Ví dụ: After she had bought a new book, she came back home.
⇒ Having bought a new book, she came back home. (Sau khi mua quyển sách mới, cô ấy trở về nhà).
EXERICSE
Task 1. Choose the correct word
1. Are you interesting/interested in football?
2. The football match was very exciting/excited. I enjoyed it.
3. It's sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when you have to ask people for money.
4. Do you easily get embarrassing/embarrassed?
5 I had never expected to get the job. I was really amazing/amazed when I was offered ot.
6. She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing/astonished progress.
7. I didn't find the situation funny. I was not amusing/amused.
8. It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was very shocking/shocked.
9. Why do you always look so boring/bored? Is your life really so boring/bored?
10. He's one of the most boring/bored people I've ever met. He never stops talking and he never says
anything interesting/interested.
Task 2. Complete each sentence using a word from the box

amusing/amused annoying/annoyed boring/bored

confusing/confused disgusting/disgusted exciting/excited

exhausting/exhausted interesting/interested surprising/surprised

1. He works very hard. It's not ___________ that he's always tired.
2. I've got nothing to do. I'm ___________
3. The teacher's explanation was ___________. Most of the students didn't understand it.
4. The kitchen hadn't been cleaned for ages. It was really ___________.
5. I seldom visit are galleries. I'm not particularly ___________ in art.
6. There's no need to get ___________ just because I'm a few minutes late.
7. The lecture was ___________ I fell asleep.
8. I've been working very hard all day and now I'm ___________.
9. I'm starting a new job next week. I'm very ___________ about it.
10. Steve is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very ___________
EXTRA PRACTICE

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. famine B. absorb C. admit D. global
2. A. capture B. transport C. atmosphere D. carbon
3. A. admit B. emit C. climate D. injure
4. A. infectious B. emission C. measure D. shortage
5. A. reduces B. diseases C. changes D. captures
6. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases
7. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide
8. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease
9. A. campaign B. horn C. rhino D. extinct
10. A. nesting B. shellfish C. reserve D. elephant
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. threaten B. conjure C. impact D. absorb
2. A. balance B. capture C. release D. harvest
3. A. infectious B. numerous C. supportive D. polluted
4. A. atmospheric B. renewable C. residential D. catastrophic
5. A. disruption B. pollutant C. emission D. atmosphere
6. A. campaign B. balance C. methane D. carbon
7. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. primary
8. A. rainforest B. obstacle C. pollutant D. animal
9. A. pollution B. survival C. extinction D. habitat
10. A. conservation B. environment C. diversity D. ecology
Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. Mr Brown claimed that he shot a group of men because they were poaching on his land.
A. conserveing B. protecting C. capturing D. hunting
2. The wonderful diversity of our region's wildlife is now coming under threat
A. variety B. direction C. sacrifice D. friendliness
3. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction 
4. Older people are especially vulnerable to cold temperatures even inside their homes

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 A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded
5. Some people predict the extinction of family life as we know it today.
A. reservation B. protection C. threat  D. disappearance
6. Monarch butterflies are now an endangered species idue to declining numbers.
A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved
7. Many investment management companies have evolved from small entrepreneurial organizations.
A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed
8. Secondly, the wildlife has to compete with the surrounding agriculture for the habitat.
A. place of cooking  B. place of traveling  C. place of living  D. place of working
9. It's very rare to find someone who combines such qualities.
A. in small numbers  B. real  C. authetic  D. fake
10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their predators
instead of cows.
A. money reserve  B. booking reservation  C. a protected area  D. an emergency fund 
11. This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
A. dirt B. contamination C. protection D. damage
12. I don't know how it's possible for a person to disappear without trace.
A. vanish B. damage C. pollute D. destroye
13. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country?
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
14. Most of the old part of the city was destroyed by bombs during the war.
A. changed B. increased C. installed D. damaged
15. New particles are formed in the polluted air of major cities.
A. contaminated B. disappeared C. purified D. endangered
16. An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
A. dealt with B. hidden C. taken place D. checked in
17. When resources become depleted the base camp is moved to a new location, enabling the group to
exploit a new foraging territory.
A. enlarged B. exhausted C. increased D. expanded
18. Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.
A. extremely B. slightly C. moderately D. completely
19. In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.
A. come up B. take in C. drop by D. take up
20. They pulled down the warehouse to build a new supermarket.

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 A. renovated B. purchased C. maintained D. demolished
Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.
A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their lives
2. Certain chemicals have been banned because they are damaging the environment.
A. prohibited B. destructed C. devastated D. hunted
3. There are severe penalties for failing to declare all your income to the Inland Revenue.
A. alarming B. grave  C. dreadful  D. mild 
4. There is abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.
A. plentiful  B. lavish  C. bountiful  D. scarce 
5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.
A. prevented from entering  B. prevented from destroying 
C. allowed to enter  D. allowed to take photos
6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.
A. come in  B. run short C. run away D. remain intact
7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.
A. keep secret B. find  C. share  D. arrive at
8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.
A. participate B. leave  C. take part D. enjoy
9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians.
A. cut up  B. put up C. continue D. use up
10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy  D. clean off 
11. These audio-visual methods have the added advantage of being independent of the availability of the
system.
A. benefit B. drawback C. characteristic D. danger
12. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. eventuate in             B. result from          C. take off                D. take in
13. The delays in the schedule proved very costly.
A. cheap                  B. inexpensive             C. infinite D. Both A and B are correct
14. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A. emit B. affect C. consume D. improve
15. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish in to the river.

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 A. penalized                 B. levied                    C. compensated            D. punished
16. The cancer treatment has some unfortunate side effects.
A. deadly B. disastrous C. lucky D. bad
17. These virus infections display obvious visual symptoms.
A. clear B. visible C. ambiguous D. apparent
18. The typhoon devastated a large section of the east coast.
A. built B. demolish C. destroy D. wreck
19. Climate change will severely affect many countries in coming decades.
A. heavily B. dangerously C. badly D. mildly
20 They have made maximum use of the natural resources available.
A. high B. minimum C. average D. top
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 
1. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with
their environment 
A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically
2. A/ an ________ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. 
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment
3. Besides, several programmes should be ______ that spreads the world of the conservation of the
elephants in the public.
A. told B. used  C. operated D. introduced 
4. Cheetah's tail is _______ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and sudden
turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape. 
A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient
5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ______ so that they can avoid doing
them.
A. the wild B. wildness C. wild life D. wildlife 
6. We need to preserve the ________ of wildlife because each species has an important role to play.
A. diversity B. atmosphere C. population D. nuclear
7. The energy __________ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.
A. that is producing B. which produces C. producing D. produced
8. Coal burning ________ a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. decreases B. reduces C. relaxes D. releases
9. Methane is a far more active ________ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in
the atmosphere.
A. greenhouse damage B. danger area C. greenhouse gas D. greenhouse effect
10. The local authorities were blamed ______ignored the pollution issues in the area
A. About having             B. on having             C. for having              D. before having
11.  Toxic waste is an example of a ___________.
A. pollutant                         B. polluted C. pollution     D. unpolluted
12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its conservation.
A. interest B. attention C. care  D. treatment 
13. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt ________ the number of chimpanzees from 2 million to
300,000 individuals. 
A. reduced B. lessened C. weakened D. limited
14. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _______.

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 A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained
15. It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy __________ as much as possible.
A. exhaustion B. destruction C. consumption D. waste
16. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
A. Survival B. Commerce C. Conservation D. Extinction
17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain
legal _______.
A. protect  B. protection C. protective D. protector
18. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the population
demography. 
A. on B. in  C. from  D. for 
19. Many modern medicines are derived _________ plants and animals. 
A. on  B. for C. from  D. in 
20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ________ of
extinction.
A. wall  B. fence  C. verge  D. bridge 
21. Saving _________ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our
children.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered
22. Our sources of energy will soon be __________ if we don't save them.
A. exhaust B. exhausted C. exhaustedly D. exhaustion
23. They started a campaign to ___________ smoking among teenagers.
A. encourage B. decrease C. discourage D. prohibit
24. People are destroying the environment by adding ___________to it.
A. pollutes B. pollutions C. polluting D. pollutants
25. It is high time we had to ________ some measures to protect endangered animals. 
A. take B. bring C. hold  D. use 
26. Many ________ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems.
A. conserve B. conservative C. conservation D. conservatism
27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ______ risk ______
extinction. 
A. at / of B. on / in  C. for / with D. in / at
28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ________ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action
Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species. 
A. а B. an C. the  D. Ø
29. The giant panda's natural ________ is the bamboo forest. Giant pandas like to eat bamboo leaves.
A. habitat B. conservation  C. evolution D. biodiversity
30. Clearing forests for timber has led ________ the loss of biodiversity
A. with B. at C. to D. for 
31. Many species are now ________ danger of being extinct as a result of deforestation and habitat loss.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
32. The rainforests around the world are ________ threat of deforestation.
A. in B. by C. under D. on
33. To solve the problems of pollution, it is important to identify the ________ of it.
A. reasons B. purpose C. causes D. facts
("cause(s)” mang nghĩa “nguyên nhân, tác nhân”)
34. The rivers in the local area are heavily polluted _______ wastes released from nearby factories.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
35. Animal _______ are being destroyed by human activities.
A. places B. habitats C. shelter D. accommodation

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36. Global warming is among many factors that drive many species of animals to the _______ of
extinction.
A. verge B. period C. corner D. bottom
37. The loss of biodiversity has a serious ________ on the survival of wildlife and humans.
A. affect B. problem C. impact D. influential
38. The success of wildlife preservation depends largely _________ people's awareness.
A. with B. of C. upon D. by
39. Humans should try to maintain biodiversity as they _________ a lot from it.
A. achieve B. keep C. benefit D. attain
40. Many of our medicines are derived _________ animals and plants.
A. of B. from C. by D. to
41. Forests _________ humans with many valuable things.
A. give B. provide C. award D. bring
42. Many measures have been taken to _________ people's awareness of conservation.
A. increase B. rise C. promote D. raise
43. More wildlife _________ need to be built to save animals from extinction.
A. zoos B. parks C. reserves D. regions
44. Global warming can _________ the ecological balance, bringing about terrible consequences.
A. destroy B. upset C. converse D. injure
45. When can all animals be _________ from disappearance?
A. protected B. covered C. rescued D. poached
46. In regions of volcanoes, houses should be built with _________ materials.
A. destroyed B. destructible C. indestructible D. destroying
47. Toxic chemicals from factories are seriously _________
A. contaminate B. contamination C. contaminated D. contaminating
48. It has been proven that humans and animals are _________ and that one's existence must be closely
linked with that of the other.
A. interdependent B. independent C. dependable có thể tin cậy được D. dependent
(A) , (n) ng sống dựa vaof ng khác
49. _________ are trying to put a stop to the destruction of forests.
A. Conservation B. Conservationists C. Conserve D. Conservatives
50. Conservation is a challenging job but we cannot _________
A. give it on B. give it up C. put it on D. take it up
51. _________ of his job as a forester is to take care of these trees.
A. Part B. Half C. Most D. All
52. What needs to be done to save the animals that are _________ to extinction?
A. going B. nearly C. next D. close
53. ____ is one of the causes of the extinction of the rhinos.
A. Losing habitat B. Habitat losing C. Lost of habitat D. Habitat loss
54. Powdered rhino horn is said to be able to _________ people of their fever.
A. treat B. cure C. save D. rescue
55. There is a decline _________ the number of all these endangered species.
A. on B. by C. in D. with
56. A lot of _________ have been taken to reduce global warming and its consequences.
A. ways B. methods C. rules D. solutions
57. People think they can make a _________ with rhino horns.
A. fortune B. wealth C. property D. riches
58. Jack has decided to _________ the time he spends watching television, thinking he can contribute to
reducing global warming effects.

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 A. run out of B. cut down on C. go in for Tham gia một cuộc thi D. come
up with
59. Ecotourism is distinguished by its emphasis on conservation, education, traveler _________ and active
community participation.
A. responsible   B. irresponsible   C. responsibility    D. irresponsibility
60. Peru's Bahuaja Sonene National Park, a remarkable protected area, is home _________ 174 species of
mammals, including rare animals.
A. of    B. for     C. to    D. at
61. _________ you to the job, he felt calm.
A. Appointed B. Appoint C. Having appointed D. To appoint
62. _________ so much, the doll is still on the shelf.
A. Cost B. Costs C. to cost D. Costing
63. _________ at by everyone, he was disappointed.
A. laughed B. laugh C. laughing D. In laugh
64. _________ anxious to please us, they told us all we wanted to know.
A. Be B. To be C. Being D. In being
65. Weather_________, we will start tomorrow.
A. permits B. will permit C. is permitting D. permitting
66. Dinner_________ over, they returned home.
A. being B. be C. is D. was
67. Since_________ his new business, Bob has been working 16 hours a day.
A. open B. opening C. opened D. of opening
68. After _________ the fight, the police arrested two men and a woman.
A. stopping B. stop C. to stop D. stopped
69. _________ one hand on the steering wheel, Ann opened a can of soda pop with her free hand.
A. To keep B. Keep C. In keeping D. Keeping
70. When _________ to explain his mistake, the new employee cleared his throat nervously.
A. asking B. asked C. to be asked D. to be asking
71. _________ their work, they went home.
A. Finishing B. Having finished C. had finished D. Finished
72. The girl_______ behind you is naughty.
A. stands B. stood C. is standing D. standing
73. _______ their farm work, the farmers returned home.
A. Finishing B. Finish C. Having finished D. Being finished
74. _______by the visitor, the clavichord could not be used.
A. Broken B. Break C. Breaking D. Broke
75. After_______ dinner, I watch television.
A. eat B. eating C. eaten D. ate

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. As emissions increase, it trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to a period of unprecedented
warming.
A B C D
2. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the average temperature has raised by about 0.8°C and this has
far-
A B C
reaching consequences.
D
3. It is claimed by scientists that climate change will affect the frequency and tension of extreme events.

11
 A B C D
4. Global warming is a global emergency although it has caused abnormal climate change.
A B C D
5. In late October of 2012, the U.S. was struck by a devastated Atlantic storm in Hurricane Sandy, which
was
A B
the deadliest and costliest to hit there that year.
C D
Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.

cutting down energy sustainable eco-friendly household appliances

greenhouse gases natural resources litter carbon footprint organic

1. People who drop __________ can be fined in some cities.

2. To conserve electricity, they are __________ on the central heating.
3. Ovens, irons, refrigerators, driers, etc. are __________ .
4. Hydrogenase airships offer an __________ means of transportation.
5. __________ tourism is environmentally responsible travel to natural areas.
6. Some __________ , such as natural gas and fossil fuel, cannot be replaced.
7. The ‘green’ housing community uses renewable __________ sources such as solar power.
8. __________ food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.
9. __________ include chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
10. A __________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all guilty at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as we
should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (1) ________ by using our cars when it’s not
necessary. However, the real environmental (2)_________ are those big businesses which ignore the law.
For many years now, (3) __________have attempted to protect the environment by making businesses
responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don’t add to the (4) __________of the environment.
The problem for businesses is that the (5) __________of  the environment costs money, and businesses
will always try to lower their costs if they can
1. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
2. A. agents B. crimes C. criminals D. doers
3. A. politicians B. politics C. parties D. residents
4. A. induction B. construction C. instruction D. destruction
5. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation
12
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the
panda or whooping crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about (1) ____ in a broader
context. It is habitats, the physical places (2) ____ species live and interact with one another. Although the
development of special breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in
some cases, it is clearly not (3) ____ answer to the global problem. Indeed, (4) ____ we are able to protect
natural areas where endangered species actually live, they have no future.
Species become endangered for a wide (5) ____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many
individual cases, however, we find the same broad causes appearing again and again. They are Habitat
Destruction, Exotic. Species, and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are
limited: distribution, disease, and pollution.
1. A. development B. endangerment C. pollution D. contamination
2. A. that B. whose C. where D. which 
3. A. a  B. an C. the  D. Ø 
4. A. so  B. but C. if  D. unless 
5. A. variety  B. commerce C. extinction D. destruction
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its causes,
most people have yet to realize how severe the problem is. Coming climate changes could alter as much as
one third of plant and animal habitats (1) ____ the end of the 22 nd century. These changes could in turn
cause widespread extinctions among plant and animal (2) ____ around the globe.
Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (3) ____ they face the combined
threats of warming oceans and rising sea (4) ____. As habitats change, many animals will come under
intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (5) ____ of at least some animals are
certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will simply not be able to move fast
enough.
1. A. at B. until C. by D. since
2. A. types B. categories C. genres D. species
3. A. although B. providing C. since D. therefore
4. A. heights B. levels C. extents D. tides

13
5. A. migrations B. onslaught cuộc tấn công dữ dội; cuộc công kích dữ dội
C. emigration D. extinctions
Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best option to fit each space by circling the
letter A, B, C, or D
Air, water and soil (1)…………..necessary to the survival of all living things. Badly polluted air
can (2)……..illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and (3)…………marine life. Pollution of the
soil reduces the amount (4)…………..land that is available for growing food. The pollution problem is
very complicated (5)…………much pollution is caused by things that benefit people.
1. A. am B. is C. are D. is being
2. A. causes B. cause C. causing D. caused
3. A. another B. either C. nor D. other
4. A. in B. at C. of D. o
5. A. although B. because C. but D. and

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate climate change,
the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the more negative the
consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder, not easier, for most people.
This is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure based on the climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and expanding
crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves, Coastal erosion,
rising sea level, more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that sustain people in
a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. The ranges of diseases and
insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other environmental conditions are also
favorable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
stated, ‘Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate
change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
(Source: Adaptedjrom the National Assessment Report by ihe U.S. Global Change
Research Program)
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
2. Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?
A. All people suffer from global wanning. B. All people beneíìt from global warming.

14
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for most people.
3. In paragraph 1, the word “this” reíers to _____________.
A. Harder life as a result of global warming B. Easier life as a result ‘of global warming
C. Climate change on global scale D. Flood in low-lying areas
4. In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. Predictable                    B. unpredictable C. Changeable                     D. unchangeable
5. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming
EXCEPT________
A. Higher temperature                                B. coastal erosion
C. Increasing                                                D. stable rainfall
6. What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a resuỉt of global wanning?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control
Circle the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage.
Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people – the one- third of humanity that
does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life could be improve.
Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood. This takes a lot of time. Moreover, it
causes indoor air pollution because of heavy smoke. For many people living in rural areas in developing
countries of the world, biogas is the large energy resources available and costs almost nothing. The main
use of biogas is for cooking and heating. As biogas is smoke-free, it helps solve the problem of indoor air
pollution. Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing.
The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase when non-renewable ones are
running out. In the near future, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea waves as the
environment-friendly energy sources.
1. What is the role of energy to human beings?
A. unimportant B. unnecessary C. necessary D. fundamental
2. What is the main use of biogas?
A. It is used mainly for cooking and heating. B. It is mainly used for lighting.
C. It is mainly used for operating. D. It is mainly used for producing in factories.
3. According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?
A. It causes indoor air pollution. B. It may cause fire.
C. It damages their houses. D. It affects the local scenery.
4. The tendency to use renewable energy sources ____.
A. goes up B. goes down C. fluctuates D. levels

15
5. What, according to the passage, may be used as the environment-friendly energy sources.
A. Nuclear energy B. Coal C. Wind and sea energy D. Oil
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
The greenhouse effect is always reported as being a negative consequence of current human
lifestyle practices. However there certainly have been numerous suggestions of positive consequences of
the greenhouse effect.
A slight temperature increase in some of the colder parts of the world may improve conditions for
agriculture and changing rainfall patterns may favor some species over others. However, they do not
balance with overall negative impacts. The social, economic and ecological disorders brought about by
such climatic changes worldwide are projected to greatly outweigh regional benefits.
The impacts of global warming and climate change could become a source of increased tension
between nations and regions. While the developed, industrialized world is responsible for 75% of all CO2
emissions, these impacts will most likely hit hardest upon the poorer, underdeveloped parts of the world.
For example, as sea levels rise countries like Bangladesh will suffer much more from the loss of valuable
and populated lands than European or North American countries, even though they have emitted only a
tiny fraction of the greenhouse gases.
The effect of drowning coastlines could lead to hundreds of millions of climate refugees. Where
will these refugees go? How will they be cared for? Undoubtedly, such a disaster will seriously worsen the
already critical refugee problem in the world. A severe disorder of the world's food supplies through floods,
droughts, crop failures and diseases brought about by climate change would lead to famines, wars and civil
disorder in many countries.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Greenhouse effect brings us more benefits than negative impacts.
B. Greenhouse effect brings us more negative impacts than benefits.
C. Current reports on the greenhouse effect are not accurate.
D. Reports should focus on suggestions of positions consequences of the greenhouse effect.
2. Which of the following will suffer most from the impacts of climate change?
A. The developed countries
B. The developing countries
C. The countries with valuable and populated lands
D. European or North American countries
3. Why will there be an increased tension between countries?

16
 A. The developed countries are a source of disasters upon the underdeveloped countries.
B. The developed countries head lots of climate refugees to the underdeveloped countries.
C. The developed countries will suffer more than the underdeveloped countries.
D. The European or North American countries will lose more valuable and populated lands.
4. The word "tiny" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. large B. small C. much D. considerable
5. According to the passage, climate change will result in all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A. coastline disorder B. refugee problem C. famine D. crop failure
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
El Niño and La Niña
Typically, Pacific trade winds blow from east to west, transporting warm surface waters westward,
east of Indonesia and northeast of Australia. Thus, the water maintains a cold temperature for much of the
year. This is achieved by an upwelling of cold deep ocean-water, which benefits fisheries in the Pacific
Ocean lying near the equator. However, these trade winds sometimes lose or gain strength in the Northern
Hemisphere. This leads to an effect known as the Southern Oscillation which refers to the two recurring
weather patterns of El Niño and La Niña.
El Niño, meaning the "boy," is the phenomenon that results in the temperature of the sea surface off
the coast of Peru increasing. This condition typically lasts for at least six months. Thus, there is a reduction
in dissolved oxygen in the ocean so marine life declines devastating fisheries. It also fuels major
differences in air pressure near the Pacific Ocean, which in turn leads to more severe weather events
including droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms like hurricanes. Usually, the
eastern Pacific region has an upswing in heavy rains to cause flooding, and in contrast, Australia and
Indonesia have droughts, often with accompanying forest fires. These two opposing weather events hurt
agriculture. For instance, the 1982 – 1983 El Niño, recognized as the worst weather event of the century,
hit hard in the U.S. by dropping huge amounts of rainfall on the southern California coast, which resulted
in millions of dollars of damage while necessitating the evacuation of 10,000 people.
1. The word "upwelling" in the passage most likely means ____.
A. climbing B. surging C. rising D. fluctuating
2. Which of the following is stated in paragraph 1?
A. Cold water is conducive to marine life and beneficial to the fishing industry.
B. El Niño and La Niña are yearly recurrences affecting the Earth's climate and weather systems.
C. Some regions in Indonesia and Austria are often damaged by the Southern Oscillation.

17
 D. Trade winds blow to the east across the Pacific ocean cooling ocean temperatures.
3. Why are droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms mentioned?
A. To compare the damage in the eastern and western Pacific regions
B. To name some of the devastating results of El Niño
C. To contrast the power between El Niño and La Niña
D. To show that there are worse outcomes compared to a difference in air pressure
4. The word "fuels" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. decreases B. increases C. supplies D. distinguishes
5. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that ____.
A. one El Niño event can be expected to last at least half a year
B. Pacific trade winds that cause El Niño are weaker than ones that cause La Niña
C. El Niño is caused by a rise in water temperatures off Peru's shores
D. marine life is affected by lowered oceanic oxygen levels
Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water
and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks. This is particularly the case in health
care facilities where both patients and staff are placed at additional risk of infection and disease when
water, sanitation and hygiene services are lacking. Globally, 15% of patients develop an infection during a
hospital stay, with the proportion much greater in low-income countries.
Inadequate management of urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater means the drinking-water of
hundreds of millions of people is dangerously contaminated or chemically polluted. Natural presence of
chemicals, particularly in groundwater, can also be of health significance, including arsenic and fluoride,
while other chemicals, such as lead, may be elevated in drinking-water as a result of leaching from water
supply components in contact with drinking-water.
Some 829,000 people are estimated to die each year from diarrhea as a result of unsafe drinking-water,
sanitation and hand hygiene. Yet diarrhea is largely preventable, and the deaths of 297,000 children aged
under 5 years could be avoided each year if these risk factors were addressed. Where water is not readily
available, people may decide handwashing is not a priority, thereby adding to the likelihood of diarrhea and
other diseases.
Diarrhea is the most widely known disease linked to contaminated food and water but there are other
hazards. In 2017, over 220 million people required preventative treatment for schistosomiasis - an acute
and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms contracted through exposure to infested water.
In many parts of the world, insects that live or breed in water carry and transmit diseases such as
dengue fever. Some of these insects, known as vectors, breed in clean, rather than dirty water, and
household drinking water containers can serve as breeding grounds. The simple intervention of covering

18
water storage containers can reduce vector breeding and may also reduce faecal contamination of water at
the household level.
1. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. diarrhea B. water pollution
C. diarrhea and other diseases D. diarrhea and other diseases caused by water
pollution
2. The phrase “risk factors” in the third paragraph refers to__________.
A. industrial and agricultural waste B. poor sanitation
C. chemicals in drinking water D. unsafe drinking-water, sanitation and hand hygiene
3. The word “transmit” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. spread B. break C. conceal D. retain
4. According to the third paragraph, how many people may possibly have diarrhea each year?
A. 297,000 B. 829,000
C. 1,126,000 D. more than 829,000
5. Which of the following diseases is not mentioned in the passage?
A. cancer B. polio C. schistosomiasis D. dengue fever
6. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A. In low-income countries, the proportion of patients developing an infection during a hospital stay is
higher than 15%.
B. Arsenic and fluoride are natural presence of chemicals in groundwater.
C. Insects that carry and transmit diseases only breed in clean water.
D. Diarrhea is preventable for people of all ages.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences.
1. Nam: What are the main threats to the environment today?
Lan: ____________
A. Threats are possible dangers to the environment.
B. Probably deforestation and global warming.
C. Environmental pollution is a big issue for our planet.
D. We need a clean environment to live in.
2. Lan: How can ordinary people help protect the environment?
Nam: ___________
A. What can ordinary people do to help the environment?
B. Environment really needs our help.
C. We may use environmentally-friendly products.

19
D. Both governments and individuals are to blame on.
3. Nam: Do you do anything to protect the environment?
Lan: ______
A. I refuse to use plastic bags and try to recycle as much as possible.
B. I use a lot of plastic bags and containers to save the environment.
C. I’m not interested in the subject of environment.
D. I don’t want to change my lifestyle.
4. Lan: What solution to air pollution can you suggest?
Nam: ___________
A. Air pollution is really serious these days.
B. Smoke from factory chimneys pollutes the air.
C. Air pollution causes acid rain.
D. People should use public means of transport.
5. Nam: What is the biggest environmental problem facing our country?
Lan: _________
A. Too much toxic sewage is dumped at sea.
B. All countries face environmental problems.
C. No one can help protect the environment.
D. Our countiy is facing the biggest environmental problem.
6. Nam: Is global wanning a problem in our country?
Lan: __________
A. Global warming is getting more and more serious.
B. Governments are closely working together to solve environmental problems.
C. Global warming causes sea level to rise.
D. Probably. The temperatures are getting hotter year by year in the area.
7. Nam: What causes global warming?
Lan: ___________
A. Changes in weather pattens resulting from global Warming.
B. Too much carbon dioxide being trapped in the atmosphere.
C. Catastrophic consequences of global warming.
D. Common global wanning consequences.
8. Nam: What are the consequences of global warming?
Lan: _________

20
A. Global warming causes many consequences.
B. Consequences of global warming is catastrophic.
C. Icebergs melt and low-lying areas are flooded.
D. More trees are being cut down.
9. Nam: Why is global warming a problem?
Lan: ___________
A. People find it difficult to adapt to the changes in the weather pattens.
B. Global warming can benefit people in certain areas.
C. There’s no need to worry about global warming.
D. Global warming is a very interesting topic for presentation.
10. Nam: What are global warming gases?
Lan: ___________
A. Global warming gases are mainly man-made.
B. Global warming gases are everywhere.
C. The amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.
D. Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each
of the following exchanges.
Question 1. Peter and jerry are talking about environment.
Peter: “Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?” –
Jerry: “__________.”
A. Yes, it’s an absurd idea. B. There’s no doubt about it.
C. Of course not. You bet. D. Well, that’s very surprising!
Question 2 Fiana and Fallon are talking about the weather.
Fiana: “Isn’t it going to rain tonight?” – Fallon: “_________.”
A. Yes, it isn’t. B. I hope not C. I don’t hope so D. No, it is.
Question 3. John and Smith are talking about solar energy.
John: “Solar energy is not only plentiful and unlimited but also clean and safe. Do you think so?”
Smith: “___”
A. Thanks for your kind words. B. Thank you, I’m fine at the moment.
C. Thank you for your consideration. D. Yeah. You’re absolutely right.
Question 4: Lan and peter are talking together
lan: what do you do to help the environment?
peter: ____
A. it is the responsibility of the government. B. i try to recycle more and reduce carbon footprint.

21
C. everyone can protect the environment. D. environment helps people live comfortably.
Question 5: Lan and Peter are talking together
Lan : Who has to suffer global warming effects the most?
Peter: ____
A. What are global warming effects?
B. Maybe poor people in low-lying areas.
C. All people suffer from global warming.
D. Only few people benefit from global warming.
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. Many species are threatened with extinction due to deforestation and loss of habitat.
A. Deforestation and loss of habitat threaten many species so that they will become extinct.
B. Many species lost their habitat because of deforestation and now they are extinct.
C. Deforestation and loss of habitat are driving many species to the verge of extinction.
D. Many species are extinct, so they run the risk of deforestation and loss of habitat.
2. Motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible for a large amount of carbon dioxide emission.
A. Because of releasing a large amount of carbon dioxide, motor vehicles run on petrol.
B. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission results from motor vehicles running on petrol.
C. A large amount of carbon dioxide emission causes motor vehicles to run on petrol.
D. Emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide is one of the responsibilities of motor vehicles running on
petrol.
3. Global warming has proven truly catastrophic for the environment.
A. The environment has been made catastrophic by global warming.
B. It is true that global warming is a catastrophe caused by the environment.
C. It has been proven that global warming is harmful to the environment.
D. The environment has been truly dangerous because of global warming.
4. The alarming rate of deforestation results in damage to the quality of the land.
A. It is alarming that deforestation damages the quality of the land.
B. The quality of the land deteriorates as the result of the alarming rate of deforestation.
C. The alarming rate of deforestation results from damage to the quality of the land.
D. The damage to the quality of the land is to blame for the alarming rate of deforestation.
5. Not many people are aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
A. People are totally unaware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.

22
B. People are fully aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
C. The dangers of plastic bags to the environment came to the attention of only a few.
D. It is time that people were aware of the dangers of plastic bags to the environment.
6. Climate change leads to numerous catastrophic consequences.
A. Numerous catastrophic consequences result in climate change.
B. Numerous catastrophic consequences result from climate change.
C. Climate change results from numerous catastrophic consequences.
D. Numerous catastrophic consequences cause climate change.
7. The increase in earth’s temperature can cause heat-related illnesses.
A. Heat-related illnesses result from the increase in earth’s temperature.
B. Heat-related illnesses result in the increase in earth’s temperature.
C. Heat-related illnesses lead to the increase in earth’s temperature.
D. Heat-related illnesses trigger the increase in earth’s temperature.
8. Carbon dioxide is one of the primary greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
A. Carbon dioxide is the only greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
B. Global warming results in greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
C. One of the main greenhouse gases that lead to global warming is carbon dioxide.
D. Global warming causes greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.
9. Planting trees can contribute to reducing global wanning.
A. Global warming can’t be controlled by planting trees.
B. Planting trees is the only way to control global warming.
C. Planting trees can accelerate global warming.
D. Planting trees can help reduce global warming.
10. Some animals go extinct because the climate where they live changes.
A. Some animals go extinct due to changes in climate where they live.
B. Climate changes make some animals go extinct where they live.
C. The climate changes where some animals there go extinct.
D. That some animals go extinct causes the climate where they live to change.
11. The more polluted the environment gets, the more animals will have their habitats lost.
A. Animal habitat loss is increased with how polluted the environment gets.
B. When the environment gets more polluted, more animals will lose their habitats.
C. Because the environment gets more polluted, more animals will lose their habitats.
D. Increasing environmental pollution have resulted in more animal habitat loss.

23
12. Governments should take measures to protect wildlife, or more and more animals will become
endangered.
A. The sooner governments take measures to protect wildlife, the fewer animals will become endangered.
B. Because more governments take measures to protect wildlife, fewer animals will become endangered.
C. The more measures governments take to protect wildlife; the fewer animals will become endangered.
D. Governments take measures to protect wildlife, so that fewer animals will become endangered.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
given.
1. Fossil fuels come from dead plants and animals. These plants and animals died millions of years ago.
A. Plants and animals that died millions of years ago become fossil fuels.
B. Fossil fuels come from plants and animals that died millions of years ago.
C. Fossil fuels were made from plants and animals that died millions of years ago.
D. Plants and animals died millions of years ago to become fossil fuels today.
2. So many animals are now in danger of extinction. Then, a list of them is kept in a Red Book.
A. To keep many animals from danger of extinction, a list has been made in a Red Book.
B. So many animals are now in danger of extinction that a list of them is kept in a Red Book.
C. Many animals are now in danger of extinction, so a list of them is kept in a Red Book.
D. So many animals are now in danger of extinction as to keep a list of them in a Red Book.
3. He said that he would take responsibility for his company’s damage to the area. But then he clenied that.
A. Having denied his company’s damage, he took responsibility for it.
B. He denied having damaged to his company’s area.
C. He denied having taken responsibility for the damage to his company’s area.
D. He denied having said that he would take responsibility for his company’s damage to the area.
4. He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for that.
A. Unless he donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he was admired.
B. He was admired for having donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns.
C. If he had donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he would have been admired.
D. If he donates a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns, he will be admired.
5. They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.
A. They were praised for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
B. They were not punished for having decided to decrease their carbon footprints.
C. Unless they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they were praised for that.
D. If they decided to cut down their carbon footprints, they would be praised for that.

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6. We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.
A. We can no longer remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
B. We remember having advised you on how to maintain your energy use.
C. We remember having advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
D. We remember to have advised you on how to decrease your energy use.
7. Some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change. They were accused of that.
A. Some scientists were accused of having falsify the effects of climate change.
B. Some scientists were accused of having been honest about the effects of climate change.
C. Although some scientists have distorted the effects of climate change, they were not accused.
D. Some scientists were accused of having falsified the effects of climate change.
8. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river. It was strongly criticized for that.
A. Having been strongly criticized, the company dumped large amounts of waste into the river.
B. The company had dumped large amounts of waste into the river, which was strongly criticized.
C. Dumping large amounts of waste into the river is critical to the company's strength.
D. The company was strongly criticized for having dumped large amounts of waste into the river.
8. Electronic devices use energy. They do it even when they are turned off.
A. Even when turned off, electric devices use energy.
B. Electronic devices use energy unless they are turned off.
C. Because of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
D. In spite of their energy use, electronic devices are turned off.
9. There are some ways to help reduce global warming. Cutting down energy use is one of them.
A. Cutting down energy use is the only way to reduce global warming.
B. Global warming is among many ways to cut down energy use.
C. Helping reduce global warming is a way to cut down energy use.
D. Cutting down energy use is one of the ways to reduce global warming.
10. Jonas had come up with a way to help save energy used in class. His classmates admired him for that.
A. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, his classmates admired Jonas.
B. Having come up with a way to help save energy used in class, Jonas earned his classmates' admiration.
C. Jonas admired his classmates for having come up with a way to help save energy used in class.
D. Being admired by his classmates, Jonas came up with a way to help save energy used in class.
11. Sara's classmates said that she littered on the school yard. She denied it.
A. Sara denied having littered on the school yard.
B. Sara denied her friends' littering on the school yard.

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C. Having littered on the school yard, Sara's classmates denied it.
D. As Sara denied it, her classmates said that she littered on the school yard.

WRITING: Rewrite the second sentence so that it means similarly to the first one.
1.My friends asked me to wait for a second. She was wearing her shoes.
_________________________________________________

2.Mike was complained about by his parents. He was too lazy.

_________________________________________________
3.Since he was sick, he refused to hang out with us.
_________________________________________________
4.The woman was sitting next to my mom. She is a famous youtuber in the beauty field.
_________________________________________________
5.We went to the cinema after we had finished the homework.
_________________________________________________
6.The vase was broken by my dog. It no longer was used in my house.
_________________________________________________
7.Peter had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
→ People admired _____________________________________.
8. Mary had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticized for that.
→ Mary was strongly criticized ___________________________.
9.No sooner had they found out the shelter than they cooked dinner for their children.
Having _____________________________________
10. Having seen people suffer global warming consequences, we decided to reduce carbon footprints.
After we_____________________________________
11. They decided to cut down their carbon footprints. They were praised for that.
 They were praised_____________________________________
12. We have advised you on how to cut down your energy use. We remember that.
 We remember _____________________________________

Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.

1. needs / More money / in / to / invested / greener / fuel sources / be / developing

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________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. sustain / she / her job / they / could / When / no longer / their / expensive lifestyle / lost
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. the pressures / modern life / of / relax / The national park / is / ideal place / an / to / and escape
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. been / and visual pollutions / blamed / Heavy industries / for river, soil, / air, noise / have
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. complex similarities / He / studies / between / humans / and differences / and animals / the
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Some / native habitat / are / in / because / animals / their / is / danger / destroyed / being
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. gone beyond / global warming / the point / no return / Scientists / that / has / of / fear
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Most people / endangered animals / accept / have / that / we / a / to protect / the proposition / duty
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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