First Course Handout for MTH-102A

1 Course Contents
Linear Algebra: Motivation, definition of a matrix. Operations on matrix; addition, scalar
multiplication and matrix multiplication, Inverse of a matrix. System of linear equations. Row
reduced Echelon Form (RREF) of a matrix. GJE and inverse of a matrix. Rank of a matrix using RREF,
solution set of a system of linear equations. Determinant of a square matrix. Determinant and
inverse, Cramer’s rule. Vector Spaces, subspaces, Linear span and linear combination. Linear
independence. Basis of a vector space. The rank-nullity theorem. Linear transformation, ordered
basis, matrix of a linear transformation. Rank-nullity theorem for linear transformation. Isomorphism
of vector spaces. Inner product spaces, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, Orthonormal set of vectors.
Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, Diagonalizability, Schur’s unitary
Triangularization, Diagonalizability of normal matrices.

Ordinary Differential Equations: Introduction, concept of solutions, application, Geometrical

interpretation, Solution of first-order equations, Linear equations, Bernoulli equations, Orthogonal
trajectories, Oblique trajectories, Picard’s existence and uniqueness theorem, Picard’s iteration,
Numerical methods: Euler’s method, improved Euler’s method, Second order linear ODE,
fundamental solutions, reduction of order, Homogeneous linear ODE with constant coefficients,
Non-homogeneous linear ODE, method of undetermined coefficients, Non-homogeneous linear
ODE, method of variation of parameters, Euler-Cauchy Equation, Power Series Solutions: Ordinary
points, Legendre Equation, Legendre Polynomial, Frobenius series: Regular singular points, Bessel’s
equation, Bessel’s function, Sturm comparison theorem, Sturm-Liouville Problems, Orthogonal
functions, Laplace Transform, inverse Laplace Transform, Existence and Properties of Laplace
Transform, Unit step function, Laplace Transform of Derivatives and Integration, Derivative and
Integration of Laplace Transforms, Laplace Transform of Periodic Functions, Convolution,
Applications.

2 Schedule

Linear Algebra (LA) There will be a total 19 Linear algebra lectures from 23 March 2021 to 8 May
2021 in online mode. The lecture recording for the working Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays of a
week will be released on MooKit on Monday of the same week. There will be 6 assignments on
linear algebra. There will be two live sessions of 50 minute duration each : a tutorial to discuss
assignment problems and a discussion hour to discuss questions based on the lectures. Tutorial will
be on on working Tuesdays 1000 hrs and Thursdays 1600 hrs. Discussion hour will he held on every
working Wednesday 1000 hrs and evening 1600 hrs. Section wise schedule for tutorial and
discussion hour will be announced on MooKit and Piazza. A tutor will be assigned to each section
and they will generate a zoom meeting link for the live meetings and share it with their respective
section via email and/or MooKit.

Ordinary differential equations (ODE)

There will be a total of 19 ordinary differential equations lectures starting from 23 May 2021 to 01
July, 2021 in offline mode. There will be a total of 6 assignments on ODE. The time table and venue
for lectures and tutorials will be announced in due course according to DOAA notifications as and
when they are announced.

Lecture notes, recordings, assignments and other course materials will be uploaded on MooKit
course page. All questions, queries and discussion regarding the course material and logistics will be
dealt on the course page on Piazza. Email queries and correspondence are strongly discouraged.

3 Evaluation Components

There will be a total of four exams: Two quizzes: one each before and after mid-semester, one mid-
semester and a final end-sem exam. The weightage for the exams will be as follows: 45% for end-
semester, 35% for mid-semester and 10% each for the quiz. The first quiz will be conducted in the
online mode using Gradescope and may involve objective, subjective, fill in the blanks etc. type
questions. The mid-semester examination, second quiz and end-semester examination will be
conducted in offline mode. The first quiz will be held on 18th April and the second quiz will be held
on 15th June. The mid-semester and end-semester examination will be held as per schedule
mentioned in the Academic Calendar.

Students who fail to appear in the end-semester examination, due to medical reasons, are allowed
to appear in the Make-up Examination with the approval of DOAA and the permission of
SUGC/SPGC, as per the schedule mentioned in Academic Calendar. If a student fails to appear in a
quiz or mid Semester exam, no makeup opportunity will be provided. This rule applies even if the
student was on sanctioned leave or unwell.

Note. It may be noted here that the above lecture schedule and evaluation policy is tentative as per
current DOAA guidelines. Any change in the lecture schedule or evaluation policy will be informed to
students following DOAA notifications and guidelines.

5 Instructors

Professors Satyajit Guin, Preena Samuel, Bidyut Sanki, Sudhanshu Shekhar.

6 Course Policies

The attendance for the live sessions is mandatory for your own benefit. It is advisable to come
prepared for the live sessions by solving (or attempting to solve) assignment problems and with
doubts from lectures etc. The course should be cleared via honest practices and any unfair practice
will be dealt with seriously.

Copyright clause : The instructors of this course owns the copyright of all the course materials. This
lecture material was distributed only to the students of IIT Kanpur attending the course MTH102A,
of 2021-2022, and should not be distributed in print or through electronic media without the
consent of the instructors. Students can make their own copies of the course materials for their use.
7 Books and References

The references provided below are indicative for further reading. The contents of the course is not
a linear adaptation of below references but intersect.

• K. Hoffman and R. Kunze, Linear Algebra, Prentice-Hall, 1961.

• G. Strang, Introduction to linear algebra, Wellesley-Cambridge Press.

• Notes by Prof. P. Shunmugraj at https://home.iitk.ac.in/ psraj/mth102/lecture notes.html

• Notes by Prof. S. Pattanayak at http://home.iitk.ac.in/ santosha/MTH102.html

• Notes by Prof. A. Pal at https://sites.google.com/site/abhijitwebpage/lecturenotes

• Ordinary Differential Equations by Morris Tenenbaum and Harry Pollard.

• Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems by William E. Boyce and Richard
C. DiPrima.

• Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations by Shepley L. Ross.

• Differential Equations and Linear Algebra by Gilbert Strang.

• Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes by George F. Simmons.