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Jucatll gumigill cyarhgualt plat (9 Lalucill da ghrine pitia/ GUM gill VE B94 J yt abd Ua bl paar pla Gli Tle dy ly bl stl plat en PLT UE hI pape ad gs V plas p43 oS pntl OUST Gayb ge Cabs Abb Uylsy Goraclly all is Lest lady i> T5ts 25a S| VSLicaed epee GL Sy attl (UIE pad SUIS yay co] Gages Bosal GEV pallae JS le Lad Seger dyed ZanlaS Ob gonad Qar le TU Bae ell ole qe Ll lige Gilde gle Lis UU, ules Gill Soy ile GSH eG le GH Ee I gets Le Sat Qeteally Uyill MY olan y Vy (GAN aly LL Gad SIE ge hl (lad pps 5 RV, MI GBI gay Ghee GU GS ONS Ole odacel Hannah Arendt, Le Systéme fotalitaire (Paris: Seuil, 1972), p. 203. 2 bel Y\ euperce OS atl] LALEV, (régimes autoritaires) ibLA! YS Spotty abot yall yay Ualanlt gS Y ST gS jaws pl, dis ade GB Gems gles Doty Gi hls plat of SILS Boy SLL Gib ye RL le GL, GHEY ge Berd go pKocdly BRO Gag eye! pa OIL Gay datas 099 9 gr dydl Seat de HS J IY 999 ge QS) Tet! S 5h ps pgs Gounstly GE he fll Laat I Atl Spm le sale Gann Goa oll Chi jdertll ge erry Bibel! Sem he LS Vgc Neatly (prt! Last! ot Dye LA bOI, Seal ole, bby hill jbo! AD yad bade J] toy al O59 OU gal pabladdl Gaey ELI pllsll ay sbogdoudl Zod Goal ALLS de opto SEI Terkel a5 Leal] elas GE! 215) gl ob 58 LaylSoly Ab Ratt — ALS go chard cp ygieS chlo (Ua Ley VI tke iy LO pl desl SUEY pgp hag al 6 3 T pcaliey 2G gph gas te, GEV Boul Gaby Y UU atoyy Guy Hermet, «L’autoritarismey» dans: Madeleine Grawitz et Jean Leca, Traité de science (¥) politique (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1985), tome 2, pp. 269. Juan José Linz, «Totalitarian and Authoritarian Régimes,» in: Fred Greenstein and Nelson (YT) Polsby, eds., The Handbook of Political Sclence (Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1975), pp. 175-411. Philippe Braud, Sociologie politique, 5*** ed. (Paris: LGDIJ, 2000), pp. 202 sq. (t) Juan José Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: (0) Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University press, 1996), yy Gates gb Ste LS bl A JUS Gatody sph! le rar LS sh cob gly JUS Sy hited SB el od oy oka! SN deny Spl ope fb BS Gg OSL! Le PAL (UN pgs SEY] pT Ly Sst ev Gb 3 2Yaal spiel ne 3 SN Byes fee tysleedl ppaliall Gan ge Dayo tyre - sible o> aad lal gle Spotl! platy alc) (UE gar jecasll of haa! 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LED Dalat CUES te] id pS Ul gon UBYY pM Gla Lars bl gel JUS! 6 ts oye Os yl che yd Uo OR oe ode Gare JES Go ll aL obi dl de Tab LEY oy cue Legs I bl aa! Sis! hy le ey BS 5 led she J! faall lie ery wdaa'y gala jel dz yo m fou WL Os DW 35 sil Ghat! oll Gel wel Vy Dele BLT Golatl oy ecard BS BUI (SKA) Lal ba Gl La gS 8 FHL YybL I OUI deb oo dole yo ie pst Sail Bla! (6 Job) SUI hal ORY ¢ Philippe Droz-Vincent, «Quel avenir pour Vautoritarisme dans le 7L Ii is 5 pS! (1) monde arabe» Rewe francaise de science politique, vol. 54, no. 6 (décembre 2004), pp. 945 sq. Michel Camau et Vincent Geisser, Le Syndrome autoritaire politique en Tunisie de : -—\ 1 (V) Bourguiba & Ben Ali (Paris: Presses de sciences Po, 2003). Ghassan Salamé, «Sur la causalité d'un manque: Pourquoi le monde arabe a’est il pas : 2:1 (A) démocratique?,» Revue francaise de science politique, vol. 41, no. 3 (Guin 1991), pp. 307-341, et Michel Camau, «Globalisation démocratique et exception autoritaire arabe,» Critique internationale, no, 30 (2006), pp. 59-81. ‘Seymour Martin Lipset, «Some Social Requisites of Democracy: :2SLoI} aia 5 pkiit (4) Beonomic Development and Political Legitimacy,» American Political Science Review, vol. 53 (1959), pp. 69-105, Laas far YY DL LS ty Lejalley Leet pa] te Jl yaa yl At (19) sah iasall UW Yt clpoqae sorptel i ALLS eld iyo GL Slat gol 5 JI gad ge SUS ig Ob gash Ol Spall ode I Eye dhs Yel LAU Gay day bl iat What Ged tab ss ll el pS GB II, Call SyAll gad Quill Gyall Jong Cals iy TY OMS tt BF Pl aa! SUS IU de yl oy gh pals ogde clptlyy ey col dpe oda Ged Cast Gel! bl! Is Gab comely yall lg dele Go bl eet! 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OM) pele LY AS > aye by Tags Lb, Us spel AS oI Agel LY SL Listy inet sLacely cLajlasily Goal CSI 5 SH GLE] cpl yl oda YS ol iy dela! da HS SPT ec pele pla UN SSS day tM Cee oe pd OV feadll NISL) JIM igll lity Dryper Royer) U6) dle Gy I LY oe Fed ULI le gL TES LaLatig: (5 hele SL Mel ge ade ye bely gear! AYeeYy VAAV NAAM eee eels TUgdal Shakil ge ode 8 ol iN ee Gls Coy cielo dine Ob Le ole Gagy By sgerdl tole oS © slmw falls Osilil Uys Aas @ OLY sim dyes pai @ Kel add S jLeall Lad Gd Quegll @ OLE Geb ge MAL de Gaby DL Goad! Ga © - i i .. .- 0% ough the gle go: pS 3 os OM ELAS eB SUL dyed he Gell py le ISL Ljlo Kaledl OWeYl d pb yy Larel ys PN ge Leda Lag p> 5 yb VAAG AS Ee tt LG ay) eae INS oie Ee po ge EN Te I yall Ga bea ee GH Phe pSbal oje JS ge Mahl tod le Zhe fhe at GLE ge iyo Usb Mohamed Abdelhak et Jean- Bernard Heumann, «Opposition et élection en Tunisie,» Monde UL arabe Maghreb-Machrek, no. 168 (2000), pp. 29-40. 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(Y1) OV pete deeds Ghent V8V0 gai Ola ge IT OSU ge gall Juadll Gary (YY) Sarg Ugalde he pad gel! pe yl the be ke Ui yg sho Lill ol EYL EIS 3p thle Cou Bylo) yay Vy Bly & Sod A fail NAV0 ya ge Jl age T Oy tet (VA) AV4 uaill candi peal (74) AW feaill cand pbeaall (1) £0 PH 55 SUI y1Yy Si cet Garde) BLEW Gales BS ye sing DDG Cpae bY bs 655 25 patel gy» ths 5a gall Lda 8 B55 SU SyboYI joey GEM Ob jee Gal I Sl) IS NM UI pSoly GL Sb dU AIT ge «pedis Gethe Gebed gle pees cole! po Us! flee ala, UA wgoully Sete)! senal de DU OE Ssly Tole op 05S gph LE ES 2 He pre land UV ads Sst plestly Syl Ag Gales cLaely lags Sl oe Gpeedl Qube ois sb! lugsy RYU GA Sled legs LVI 3 - Reyer EVM F Sb 8 OIG Ee UII lati digas «By ,il Tele Nad pany 45 all ode ji egies le yo Sate Gstemal gle HGS He pt)! dle ge Gals yah @ Bole Byge CYL gS Js Y ples) J Gyan SF aus OSD Gr ye, ALA shel 5 ob eth Sele AS LE les Ge Gals Ls dl ods OLS © Rady alee TRS OVE DN ger gar Lae le ALYY eggs Cgrdl, SLI degyy dpedl Glpll alee Lael) LAU) i oP Tht WU II JS Kol ge Sl Gjedl d} eced Lad) sags le baally Gygrdl Cb Bee aoe cle UI sgoully Gree Spall Se Jat JS ope LS shal Olt rneis NSS yo Losey ghlstt plat SL cept Ma Lode (5 Lost, Slelt S559 BY G55 oS oe Shia eH PLN oe GI Crm hey Bagel ty gd ecb sll Gmail 2S Os) OLN GF 45S pW Ey Uyall gar BLE pate Gb Gee (7) Paul Bernard, Le Préfet de la république: Le Chéne et l'olivier (Paris: Economica, 1998). aN eupesar iN SI ps Us le Liss lll i lastly soni 5S WU gp ele tha 5 iy DLL Gab yl Js Sess, pseu SEM gly HBS Gb gs O55 pall EY I Cabs Cpte ints cooly Saeed! 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WALI Sb sly oY J PHtlng Ys lis gctasl A) Gage PULLS WLisler otal 2G par fhsy 82 BI yas glioes V Og Eypde JS Ley Haz tl LBS Gah SS Cha NY By spend at S Ogres lsd Spey Zo pgerl st NN elell pla (3 0b git SB Slee Bb Geral J gullies! ple O55 Joss sages oo V4 ual! st (ED Michel Camau, «Election et représentation au Maghreb» Monde arabe Moghreb- : ,ls_s| (Yo) ‘Machrek, no. 168 (avriljuin 2000), pp. 3-13. &A Ss ESB ode WS ged le Hal LA Gy HI cclegeened JS gle LRT LDS gr Corll ge OLY Gal epee SP iL SB] IK] ea YT LS egy Ghetly Syprl Sled GLim gle sal Ste KEY pStdl ae EET ASG oye SI SLA dle gS quell ey Ag lt Spa etl Ge ge GRIT Ep OLY EN Ul Bb gen glly OPE IT IT ool Eb aa tat yy dpes OL Da dl oy ELL ds gel cay gail Kod Ls RAN ALN ge Ged gall ye db led lps tel Goes Dleelly gurl Dleeall I gull Gyiall due y, tila! ES LAS Slee B gee yl elie de ghice ht) ge G28 OS ply CARL Caldee ga GU SII Y StF dale Uyber Yh be jae dol! dee A sels oP teed ie plate oh} Gagey Uy all 3 GLI God gp pSoelly Darel ge eSaiy URL C5 Bopper Qty diy Dyes Det) ob Weyl TOY BS Bye ee ay Ty geerll Gedy odes pled OWN cb Wy EH ALS! sey Ue col pT AL) wa} a 93 052 Ge LGN Lays BI gee GUase eles Gil od co el gis scbacajally OU ys (yur SF olingelly gla Ue URS LAY jyloced! Goa] OLD padly Oplall Uys Jha Nin By sld pele ssl ery seeds on GLE! pled QoltI oeY! LS gl gy YY puaill (VD win hpi iby VOW p51 (IM AAT SB ESpall gona Yall pater £4 reload. US Lapel ode aad ob sy SEY OM geil leat ll ppeiall Uysal S55 lal sd Sy cs ye diy by Isis dal ye opre US atlacl oor 3b JbIy GU Zyygardd tS leat Gal jis] jo on Vos Rpelpell Lape 555 Y Gabel fo ge Bacall lel 2 VI @ Eat yo yal gylts Ul Gib old JI Lacy ou of SIL CYL OUT bs SS far Erg tell pki © 099 a5 a Maly Gayptal UAL gy Globee Y e253 UL atl yo pall galas de ail, Geant Bo ged Ge EG MSE gre bral Gilye ge hdl Gay cette pS Gb Ba pterdl dy Gye ind gb aad: pales call pill parcel ate rad Gage Galea sles] slo! OF U3 gl rod gl Bo gnr he BUSI ob jae 3 de sll Ke pheaHt abot Lae ot IW} BLS] tle SLE les ob Gadi AALS Gage ag sealed eM toads AyBE dyed (3 Kol cell (LI OT ae BLT BIG G5 J OlLEY jos cals ee Tyg OO pall UN Cu OS oy 35 JES gd Me Cael tae et geet OURS Cee cay jad LS LOL WS ye JLsY Us Sa do) CUBE 355 bjs OY jeuy ae Eb 2 The Yl, BAW CIC AY, cole Re Ep I Crt GIy VAAV ee BL gy tll bet Gael (rv) Qype Sai (YA) juin 2000), pp. 14-27. ‘Vincent Geisser, «Tunisie: Des élections pourquoi faire? Enjeux et sens du fait électoral de Bourguiba 4 Ben Ali» Monde arabe Maghreb- Machrek, no. 168 (a oe (MB tb es gh SUSY ode 6 ghee! Uf YY US pb OLLI gpd tell cena yer BL LES O32 OF US Galas Vas ee UW HAY, GW Leet th og The woul Bp pl nailed le abl Ragd> LL, Vy cles b99 gry Lad US a baleY View Hat I GLEE end Lakes VARY ded gy ged tard ga] Gi Ue Hee AUS yay tell op Sok II KS y Gotelly ZalI je V dihes plsol go Nj Ey Zar yl A a bad oe oAlSe VI gla JIE BAe 1S go Y cLai]y ol Shed fg BI SoTL Gee By ggeadl ody Wale By) pated gle jks gy ales LS OILY! oF eben pS Lay tell Gopal gyi gle Slo! Lis Of CreKe0d NL LY Glee td ogee PUR Ggagt> yo plas «il pil Balely DAIL Aas yo cE ggerdl Gy Slay ory ep Sled jl spell PED Zayed objet cll ctl BL east B apb 2 OUEST OI apd ety abl aes Sjoull Gs le Che 8 bl AU JY Gabe 8 CLES LF ery Kept y HSV Sept ge alae ileal otal ste J] ChL aby eli eLadl GLE ye Glad Ls ge jay Ley DaL II MALS le Syl) Guy Hermet, Alain Rouquié et Juan J. Linz, Des Elections pas comme les ares : -——i\ (4) (Paris: Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques (PFNSP), 1978). ed cpetbl pt BU Fe ald eh be he yell ge A eal pats (E+) Ragen ody al pos OV Updo g tbl jinsd sel ge lis.y eb Sd Bho fps be Sy Beat SET JS ay OW py He AVY abacall Galeelly OLIV Gydry ables gl ataal I cate see gf tel Woe BY ie Ws jee eral Sy Bparly al Shes Jt bl Nop hind pes dpe ol er al pe sd ol ge Ge ml: oY TLL De ily GGG De st ge Gylasll Gat bs by @ ae Chl GY 3 date be 50 pb! SL Wel eS Bsus OS Mh ee ALI J} Spot pa b Wey SY! gs ee YEE oy tet Lee Y Gil ep Sbdly QUST Ze tI BIW Gb ge aL ge ball ANS] ae V ght plato th Vb ne iI Ls © CP BE ALE ARG YY gle Lire Le Vy ARLE Jylud aldol BU gle gy Utley cabo Goo Udy dnt ia Ly, Of hb) UY Coke sy ZU OLLI ote tne, tLe! OF FL OE fp Gaby Hirst dy ky AL pa YEN nae Jyh phy (USI OgIS VE Slaod dee GLH alse! 22 Olde} Geb Bog obbal ig Be DUS Get Uy ge hl eo yl gb CLESY Clu ot Geko BU ge I LS bh a JS ile I} bt ze! 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