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Unified Broadband

Network Infrastructure

Dr. Pairoj Likitthanasate!


PairojL@tot.co.th!
Contents
•! Next Generation Networks

•! Emerging wireless technologies


–! Cognitive Radios
–! High Altitude Platforms

!"
Next Generation Network

#"
Telecoms Trends
•! Fixed line usage is reducing dramatically
•! Mobile use is increasing steadily even though
penetration is already high
•! Broadband Internet deployment shows a rapid growth
trend

Fixed Mobile

Broadband

$"
The telecoms world is changing
•! What are the big changes taking place in
telecommunications?
•! Who gains more Power?
–! Mobile operators?
–! Fixed operators?
–! Network equipment manufacturers?
–! Handset manufacturers?
–! TV manufacturers?
–! Operating system software companies?
–! Application software companies?
•! What are your views?

%"
Drivers for change
•! Liberalisation ! Competition
•! Digitalisation ! Multi-service networks
•! Technology ! Everything is possible
•! Manufacturing ! Economies of scale
•! Globalisation ! Few large players, many very small
•! Death of distance ! Distance is no longer expensive
•! Multi-mode terminals ! Users can choose networks easily
•! Costs falling faster than demand grows ! New price structures
•! Telecoms become a basic utility, not a high price service

&"
Needs
Operator Needs!
()*+"
*+4-,+4",)./! 2+8".+*51,+.!
,-./)(+*.!
0! 12,*+3.+4" 0! 63*()217+4" 0! :3./"/)"(3*9+/!
*+5+2-+! 2+/8)*9.!

Customer Needs!

2;<".;=>?@;A! D+*.)23B173/1)2! ()E1B1/C!

0! 53B-+":)*" 0! .1(DB1,1/C! 0! :*++4)(!


()2+C!

'"
These Trends are pushing for…!
Convergence of Networks (Technologies)
&
Convergence of Services (Markets)

F"
Converged User Experiences!
Today Tomorrow

BILLS

G"
Converged Network Overview!
Home
Connectivity Services Location/Security

Core

Access
xDSL WiMAX WLAN 2G 3G WCDMA
User

HI"
Next Generation Network Concept

Convergence of
ONE Network
Services &
Total Solutions
Technologies

Convergence of Anytime,
Networks Anywhere,
(Voice & Data) Any-media

HH"
What is NGN?

•! Is 3G NGN?
•! Is broadband internet access NGN?
•! Are DOCSYS 3 cable networks NGN?
•! Is GPON NGN?
•! Is Gigabit Ethernet NGN?
•! Is Skype NGN?
•! What new services does NGN give you?

H!"
Why implement NGN

H#"
Next Generation Network

!"#"$%&'()*&+$,---.$/0")1.$&#*23$
4)5&6$%&'()*&+$,74.$86()&.$&#*23$
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%&'()*&+$ %&'()*&+$ %&'()*&+$
<&#=6'>$ <&#=6'>$ <&#=6'>$

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NGN Vision – Converging Networks

H%"
NGN Architecture
/..&10)2"#'()*+%!

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@8%$ %6A$%=)#*:$

,%)#-."%$'()*+%'

/00+--'()*+%' 8%E<$ KH7$


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GH8<$ E**&++$

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K<7$ 3G
$GK7$ 2G Terminals WiMAX
K<7$ Terminals
%@GDI2BJB$ Terminals
@G$4G<!
$G:6;&$ H&"
Cognitive Radio

H'"
Introduction

•! 3"J?K"LM"N?A@?OP?Q;A"

•! R1QS;PP?T;QS"
3AA?TQJ;QS"LM"SU;"
*VN?L".O;@S=WJX"

HF"
Do we have a shortage of spectrum?
41",1&"

&"1&"3)1/6

&.31",/.%/.

/41$& '$/-
HG"
Definitions
•! ,LTQ?Y>;"*VN?L"Z,*["
–! 3"=VN?L"L="A\AS;J"SUVS"A;QA;A"VQN"?A""="'&"LM"?SA"LO;=VYLQVP"
;Q>?=LQJ;QS"VQN"@VQ"5M;"0)*"11M]""N#6;606N+1M]"VQN");#&11)O&;#1M"
"5PN+#"?SA"=VN?L"LO;=VYQT"OV=VJ;S;=A^""

–! 3"@LTQ?Y>;"=VN?L";J_LN?;A"SU=;;"@LQ@;OSA`"
•! E-EQ/"a"E!EG7@4/"a"H/EQ<@<C$

–! 1JOL=SVQSP\]"V"@LTQ?Y>;"=VN?LXA"=;AOLQA;"SL"SU;";Q>?=LQJ;QS"?A";6#$
;&*&++"')1M$9'&5)*#"?1&"NW;"SL"?SA""?)1)#M$#6$1&"';$R'60$9"+#$
&S9&')&;*&+2$
Source: Cognitive and Software Radio: A Public Safety Regulatory Perspective
John S. Powell, Chair
NPSTC Software Defined Radio Working Group

!I"
Definitions
•! 4\QVJ?@".O;@S=WJ"3@@;AA"Z4.3["
–! /;@UQ?bW;"_\"<U?@U"V"=VN?L"ZA\AS;J["N\QVJ?@VPP\"VNVOSA"SL"
A;P;@S"LO;=VYQT"AO;@S=WJ"SL"WA;"V>V?PV_P;"Z?Q"PL@VP"YJ;c
M=;bW;Q@\"AOV@;["AO;@S=WJ"ULP;A"<?SU"P?J?S;N"AO;@S=WJ"
WAVT;"=?TUSA"

•! .Ld<V=;"4;eQ;N"*VN?L"Z.4*["
–! 3"=VN?L"?Q"<U?@U"ALJ;"L="VPP"LM"SU;"_VA;c_VQN"L="*:"A?TQVP"
O=L@;AA?QT"?A"V@@LJOP?AU;N"SU=LWTU"WA;"LM"ALd<V=;"?M"?S"
?Q@PWN;A";?SU;="L="_LSU"LM"SU;"MLPPL<?QT"
•! .Ld<V=;"A?TQVP"O=L@;AA?QT"
•! .Ld<V=;"@LQS=LP"LM"SU;"O=L@;AA?QT""#$%&!'(&)(!#%!*&+)#,-!.&(/,&$$-0!
1#02&3!!

EVA;N"LQ"1+++"HGII^H"4=Vd"

!H"
The Cognition Cycle
,UVQT;A"SL`"
@;+)5&$T6O;)U(&$Q"5)6$ 3OOP\",LQAS=V?QSA`"
0!-AVT;"_;UV>?LW="
0!/=Vh@"S\O;iPLVN" 0!"fLVPA"g"S=Vh@ijL.""
0!1QS;=M;=;Q@;" 0!"DLP?@\"
?iO" )_A;=>;"
0!3>V?PV_P;"@UVQQ;PA" 0!"/;@UQ?@VP"
0!".O;@S=WJ"V>V?PV_?P?S\"

@;#&11)O&;*&$
*;VALQ?QT" D=;N?@S"D;=ML=JVQ@;"
+Q>?=LQJ;QS"
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(Vk;"4;@?A?LQ" H669$

%&;+);O$H669$ 0!"4VSV"SL"_;"A;QS"
0!"*LWS;Ai2;S<L=k"1AAW;A"
LiO" 3@S" 0!",UVQQ;P"A;P;@YLQ"
0!"3@@;AA"O=LSL@LP"
0!"(LNWPVYLQ"ML=JVSZA[]"OL<;="

!!"
Weak and Strong Intelligence
•! 8;Vk"@LTQ?Y>;"=VN?L" •! .S=LQT"@LTQ?Y>;"=VN?L"
–! *VN?L"LO;=VYLQ"?A" –! *VN?L"VNVOSVYLQ"?A"
N;S;=J?Q;N"_\"UV=N"@LN;N" N;S;=J?Q;N"_\"@LQA@?LWA"
VPTL=?SUJA"VQN"?QML=J;N"_\" =;VALQ?QT"
L_A;=>VYLQA" –! ,PLA;AS"VOO=LK?JVYLQ"?A"
–! (V\"QLS"_;"@PVAA;N"VA",*"?Q" LQSLPLT\"=;VALQ?QT"_VA;N",*A"
SU;"MWSW=;"Z;^T^"?Q"1+++" –! .YPP"MV="M=LJ"SU?A"AL=S"LM"
HGII^H[" ?JOP;J;QSVYLQ"VQN"JV\"QLS"
V@SWVPP\"_;"=;VP?AV_P;"

!#"
Levels of Intelligence
•! BLT?@""
–! BLLO"SL"J;VAW=;A"V"A?QTP;"OV=VJ;S;="VQN"@LJOV=;A"VTV?QAS"V"
SU=;AULPN"VQN"JVk;A"V"N;@?A?LQ"
–! D=?L=?YAVYLQ"L@@W=A"?Q"SU;";>;QS"LM"@LQl?@S"
–! +^T^"VWSLJVY@"TV?Q"@LQS=LP]"_VA?@"@UVQQ;P"VAA?TQJ;QS"

•! 3QVP\A?A"
–! 3QVP\A;A"JWPYOP;"OV=VJ;S;=A"SLT;SU;="SL"T;S"V"_;m;="O?@SW=;"LM"SU;"
;Q>?=LQJ;QS"VQN"WA;="
–! ,LJO=LJ?A;"?Q"SU;";>;QS"LM"@LQl?@S"
–! +^T^"3"MLPPL<;="nVJJ;="

•! 1QSW?YLQ"
–! BLQT;="S;=J"VQVP\A?A"SL"P;V=Q"V_LWS"WA;="VQN";Q>?=LQJ;QS"
–! -A;N"SL"O=;N?@S"_;UV>?LW="VQN"@LQYQWVPP\"LOYJ?A;"O;=ML=JVQ@;"
–! +^T^"D=LNW@SA"?Q"N;>;PLOJ;QS]"_WS"QLSU?QT"?Q"<?N;AO=;VN"WA;"

!$"
Knowledge Representation Methods
•! !&*)+)6;$7'&&+$

•! Q&);R6'*&0&;#$?"+&5$1&"';);O$

•! /;JOL=VP"N?o;=;Q@;"

•! E991)*"U6;$6R$C"0&$7:&6'M$

•! 2;W=VP"Q;S<L=kA"

•! f;Q;Y@"VPTL=?SUJA"

!%"
Decision Trees
•! +V@U"RQLN;X"?Q"SU;"S=;;"=;O=;A;QSA"V"@UL?@;"L="N;@?A?LQ"
•! 3=@A"@LQQ;@S"SU;"QLN;A""

,LN?QT"V>V?PV_P;p"
2L" C;A"

,12*"q"%NEp" ,12*"q"!^#NEp"
2L" C;A" 2L" C;A"

4?A@V=N"DV@k;S" /=VQAJ?S" 4?A@V=N"DV@k;S" /=VQAJ?S"

•! ,VQ"VPAL"VOOP\"<;?TUSA"SL"V=@A"Z_=VQ@U;A["SL"=;ALP>;"@LJOP;K"
N;@?A?LQA"<?SU"JWPYOP;"_=VQ@U;A"

!&"
Reinforcement Based Learning
•! EVA;"?QML=JVYLQ"LQ"OVAS";KO;=?;Q@;A"
•! 3mV@U"=;<V=N"<;?TUSA"SL";V@U"LWS@LJ;"
•! EVPVQ@;"_;Q;eSA"LM"AUL=S"S;=J"VQN"PLQT"S;=J"TLVPA"
•! 4;=?>;"SU;"@WJWPVY>;"=;<V=N"ML=";V@U"LWS@LJ;"

–! V"r"AO;@?e@"V@YLQ"
–! A"r"ASVS;""
–! AX"r"ASVS;"WOLQ"@LJOP;YLQ"LM"SU;"V@YLQ"
–! *r"=;<V=N"
–! "S"r"AUL=SiPLQT"S;=J"N?A@LWQS">VPW;"SL"SU;"=;<V=N"VS"YJ;"S"

!'"
Application of Game Theory
•! +V@U"@LJJWQ?@VYLQA"QLN;"?A"V"OPV\;="?Q"V"TVJ;"

•! -A;N"SL"ML=JWPVS;"VPTL=?SUJA"SUVS";KOPL?S"AO;@?e@"S\O;A"
LM"_;UV>?LW="
–! 1Q@L=OL=VS;A"AS=VS;T\"VQN"O=L_V_?P?S\"=VSU;="SUVQ"=;bW?=?QT"V"@LJOP;K"
JLN;P"LM"A\AS;J"ASVS;A"
–! .SVS;A"Q;;N"QLS"_;"<;PP"N;eQ;N"L="@UVQT?QT"ZWQP?k;"=;?QML=@;J;QSi
S;JOL=VP"P;V=Q?QT[""
–! DPV\;=A"@ULLA;"M=LJ"V"A;S"LM"V@YLQA"ML="VQ\"T?>;Q"ASVS;"
–! 1Q?YVPP\"SU?A"@VQ"_;"NLQ;"=VQNLJP\]"_WS"PVS;="@VQ"_;"_VA;N"LQ"N;T=;;"LM"
O=;>?LWA"AW@@;AA"
–! (V\"QLS"_;"LOYJWJ"

!F"
Game Theory
0! 1QS;=N?A@?OP?QV=\"VOO=LV@U"LQ"SU;"ASWN\"LM"UWJVQ"
_;UV>?LW="
0! ,PVAA?e;N"?QSL"$"@VS;TL=?;A"
g! .SVY@"L="4\QVJ?@"
g! ,LJOP;S;"L="1Q@LJOP;S;"
0! *VYLQVP?S\"
0! ,LLO;=VY>;"L="2LQc@LLO;=VY>;"AS=VS;T\"
0! :WQNVJ;QSVP"@LJOLQ;QSA`"f"r"#2]"3]"sW?t$"

!G"
Game Theory Example
•! TLTQ?Y>;"*VN?LAX"4?P;JJV"  .

•! /<L"=VN?LA"@VQ"@ULLA;" ! 6
_;S<;;Q"S<L"S\O;A"LM"A?TQVP"
sQ]<t"VQN"s2]8["
•! 2"VQN"Q"NL"QLS"L>;=PVO" 

•! 6?TU;="SU=LWTUOWS"<U;Q"
LO;=VYQT"VA"V"U?TU"OL<;=" Q"5)6$JV+$*:6)*&+$
<?N;_VQN"A?TQVP"<U;Q"LSU;=" N W
?A"LO;=VYQT"VA"V"QV==L<_VQN"
Q"5)6$WV+$ n (9.6,9.6) (3.2,21)
A?TQVP""
*:6)*&+$ w (21,3.2) (7,7)
1/- "-&2&&,"-&)&/17*./(.*3*5&
"%*/&36/1+27 

#I"
High Altitude Platforms

#H"
HAPs - What are they ?
•! +?SU;="V?=AU?OA"L="OPVQ;A" •! .?SWVS;N"S\O?@VPP\"H'c!!"kJ"
V_L>;"SU;"+V=SU"

#!"
Why 17 – 22km altitude?
•! 3_L>;"V?=@=Vd"
•! 8?QNA"=;PVY>;P\"J?PN"
U;=;"
•! EWS"N;O;QNA"LQ"
PL@VYLQ"VQN"A;VALQ"

##"
Types of High Altitude Platform

8";;&5$G1";&+$$ X;0";;&5$IM5'6O&;$G6=&'&5$G1";&+$$
Y$&2O2$8[[$C&69:M+)>"$ Y$&2O2$C16?"1$K?+&'(&'$

X;0";;&5$%61"'$G6=&'&5$E)'+:)9+$$ X;0";;&5$%61"'$G6=&'&5$G1";&+$$
Y$&2O2$H6*>:&&5$8"'U;$IEE$ Y$&2O2$<E%EDE4$G"#:Z;5&'$G1N+$
#$"
HAP Comparison (indicative figures)

#%"
AeroVironment (AV) Helios craft
!! -QJVQQ;N"
!! 8?QT"AOVQ"!$'"d"
!! 3@U?;>;N"U;?TUS"LM"
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!! *VQT;"LM"@=Vd"
!! 23.3"MWQN;N"
!! ZQL<"AO?Q"Lo"@LJOVQ\"@VPP;N"
.k\SL<;="1Q@"SL"UVQNP;"
@LJJA"P?QkA["
.;;"<<<^V;=L>?=LQJ;QS^@LJ]" DPVQ;"@=VAU;N"uWP\"!II#"
<<<^Ak\SL<;=TPL_VP^@LJ"
*;OPV@;N"_\"fPL_VP")_A;=>;="
#&"
AV/NASA Pathfinder Plus and Global Observer

"3)'*.%&1,42 ,/#",#2&15&1
$/-0,&3&% ".% 3&232*. 6&&+',*()36*3))7%1/(&.'4&,$&,,
6*3) 4.&


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&&666"&1/5*1/.-&.3$/-
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#'"
Lockheed Martin

•! (?AA?P;"4;M;Q@;"D=LT=VJ":WQN?QT"M=LJ"4L4]"-."

#F"
HAP Network Concept

#G"
HAP Architecture Example
EV@kUVWP">?V""
AVS;PP?S;"ML="=;JLS;"V=;VA"

BL@VP"EV@kUVWP"
SL"6W_"ML="P;AA"
=;JLS;"V=;VA"g"
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LWSA?N;"SU;"A;=>?@;"
V=;V"
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2;S<L=k" -A;="3=;V",L>;=VT;" 2;S<L=k"

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Coverage Area
•! -A;MWP"=VN?L"@L>;=VT;"P;AA"ZL="
JL=;["SUVQ"P?Q;"LM"A?TUS"
N;O;QN?QT"LQ"<V>;P;QTSU"VQN"
O=LOVTVYLQ"" +-

•! %v";P;>VYLQ"VQTP;"
"#GI"kJ"N?VJ;S;="@L>;=VT;"
M=LJ"!I"kJ"
+-
°&,&5"3*/.
•! .JVPP;=";P;>VYLQ"VQTP;A"
O=L_P;JVY@"

$H"
Compared with Terrestrial Services
•! *;OPV@;";KS;QA?>;"T=LWQNc_VA;N"?QM=VAS=W@SW=;"
–! H"63D"@VQ"O=L>?N;"JWPYc@;PPWPV="A;=>?@;A"L>;="VQ"V=;V"q&I"kJ"=VN?WA"

•! *;NW@;N"
–! ,LAS]"=?Ak]"VQN"A?S;"V@bW?A?YLQ"O=L_P;JA"
–! +Q>?=LQJ;QSVP"?JOV@S"
–! 1QASVPPVYLQiJV?QS;QVQ@;"L>;=U;VN"
–! 2L"Q;;N"ML="PL@VP"S;==;AS=?VP"_V@k_LQ;"
–! EV@kUVWP"@VQ"_;"O=L>?N;N"SL"<U;=;"e_=;"?A"V>V?PV_P;"

$!"
Compared with Terrestrial Services
•! E;m;="O=LOVTVYLQ"?Q"JVQ\"A@;QV=?LA"
–! -QL_AS=W@S;N"P?Q;"LM"A?TUS"OVSUA"
–! (V\"_;"P;AA"Vo;@S;N"_\"=V?Q"Vm;QWVYLQ"L>;="<?N;"V=;VA"

•! BV=T;"A\AS;J"@VOV@?S\]"SU=LWTU`"
–! -A;"LM"JJc_VQNA"Z;^T^"&II"(6w"E8"x"$Ff6w["
DPVyL=J"
–! +KS;QA?>;"M=;b^"=;cWA;" EVA;".SVYLQ"
–! :P;K?_P;"VNVOY>;"=;ALW=@;"VPPL@VYLQ" :?K;N".SVYLQ"
–! *VO?N"N;OPL\J;QS" DPVyL=J"
6;?TUS"

*V?Q"
6;?TUS"
f=LWQN"" f=LWQN"4?ASVQ@;"
EVA;".SVYLQ" $#"
Compared with Satellites
•! BV=T;="L>;=VPP"A\AS;J"@VOV@?S\`"
–! .JVPP"AOLS"_;VJA"Z@;PPA["=;VN?P\"M;VA?_P;"
<?SULWS"UWT;"LQc_LV=N"VQS;QQVA"
•! ,PLA;"=VQT;"%"TLLN"P?Qk"_WNT;SA"
–! /\O^"&"#$"NE"VN>VQSVT;"L>;="V"B+)"
AVS;PP?S;]"&"&G"NE"L>;="V"f+)"
•! ,PLA;"=VQT;"%"PL<"N;PV\"
–! 2L"O=L_P;JA"<?SU"O=LSL@LPA"Z?Q@^"/,Di
1D[]"@M"f+)"AVS;PP?S;"
•! BL<;="@LAS"
–! 2L"PVWQ@U">;U?@P;"
–! B;AA"N;JVQN?QT"SUVQ"AOV@;"A\AS;JA"

$$"
Compared with Satellites
•! *VO?N"4;OPL\J;QS"
–! 2L"PLQT"P;VN"YJ;A"Z\;V=A"ML="AVS;PP?S;["

•! 1Q@=;J;QSVP"N;OPL\J;QS"
–! ,VQ"O=L>?N;"A;=>?@;"<?SU"LQP\"H"63D`"QL"
Q;;N"ML="V"<ULP;"@LQAS;PPVYLQ]"@M^"B+)A"

•! +Q>?=LQJ;QSVPP\"M=?;QNP\"
–! .LPV="OL<;=]"MW;P"@;PPA"

$%"
Contact Detail
•! DV?=Ln"B?k?mUVQVAVS;"
–! +JV?P` ""DV?=LnBxSLS^@L^SU""
–! (L_?P;`a&&"ZI[FH#GF"II$$"

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