Urinary System! Urinary System!

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137
 Urinary System! Urinary System!

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138
The Organs of the Urinary System Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Kidneys: filter blood of waste using tiny
Organs of the Urinary System
structures called nephrons. Unfiltered
blood from artery enters kidney and
passes through nephrons, removing
waste. Nephrons collect waste and
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

release to ureters. Filtered blood

returns to bloodstream in veins

Ureters: tubes that carry urine from

each kidney to the urinary bladder

Bladder: muscular sac that stores

urine until it is released from the body

Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to the outside

of the body. Males have common exit for both urine and
sperm. Females have a single exit© for urine
2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Directions: Students color the organs of the urinary system,

cut out the diagram, and then, glue the INB activity into their
notebook along the folded tab. Cut along each dark line to
create a four tabbed activity. Underneath each door/flap they
write notes about the name and function of the organs of the
urinary system.
139
 Organs of the Urinary System
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Organs of the Urinary System
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

140
 Organs of the Urinary System
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Organs of the Urinary System
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

141
 Kidneys:____________________ Kidneys:____________________
Glue Organs of the Urinary System here _____________________________ _____________________________

Glue Organs of the Urinary System here

_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
Ureters:____________________ Ureters:____________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________

Bladder:_____________________ Bladder:_____________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
Urethra:________________________________________ Urethra:________________________________________
_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

142
 Kidneys:____________________
_____________________________

Glue Organs of the Urinary System here

_____________________________
Organs of the Urinary System

_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Ureters:____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________

Bladder:_____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Urethra:________________________________________
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
_________________________________________________

143
 Kidneys:____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Organs of the Urinary System

Organs of the Urinary System

_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

_____________________________
Ureters:____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________

Bladder:_____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Urethra:________________________________________
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
_________________________________________________

144
 Kidneys: filter blood of waste
using tiny structures called
nephrons. Unfiltered blood from
Organs of the Urinary System

Organs of the Urinary System

artery enters kidney and passes
through nephrons, removing
waste. Nephrons collect waste
and release to ureters. Filtered
blood returns to bloodstream in
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

veins
Ureters: tubes that carry urine
from each kidney to the urinary
bladder

Bladder: muscular sac that

stores urine until it is released
from the body

Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to the outside

of the body. Males have common exit for both urine
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
and sperm. Females have a single exit for urine.

145
Nephron Cross-Section Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Nephron: Basic unit of structure and function in
the kidney. It is responsible for regulating the
concentration of water and salts in the body by
filtering the blood and removing any waste as
urine.
Glomerulus: Responsible for removing small
particles and solutes from the blood.
Tubule: Absorbs water and solutes to maintain
pH of blood.
Arteries and Veins: Carry blood to and from
kidney for filtration.
Capillary bed: Supply nutrients and oxygen to the
cells of the nephron tubules.
Loop of Henle: Responsible for creating a
concentration gradient within the kidney which
helps regulate pH within the blood.

146
 Directions: Color the
Nephron Cross-section GLOMERUL
nephron diagram, cut it
US
out along with the term
diagram. Glue the term
TUBULE
diagram into your
notebook and the
nephron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
ARTERIES & appropriate spot on the
nephron diagram. Then,
VEINS describe the function of
CAPILLARY each of these nephron
CAPILLARY BED parts.
BED
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Nephron: G LOMER ULUS

Glue Fingernail Cross Section Here

Glomerulus:
TUBULE
Tubule:
CAPILLARY
Arteries and Veins: B ED

LOOP OF
Capillary Bed: HENLE

Loop of Henle: ARTERIES

& VEINS
 Directions: Color the
Nephron Cross-section GLOMERUL
nephron diagram, cut it
US
out along with the term
TUBULE diagram. Glue the term
diagram into your
notebook and the
nephron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
ARTERIES & appropriate spot on the
nephron diagram. Then,
VEINS describe the function of
CAPILLARY each of these nephron
CAPILLARY BED parts.
BED
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Nephron: G LOMER ULUS

Glue Fingernail Cross Section Here

Glomerulus:
TUBULE
Tubule:
CAPILLARY
Arteries and Veins: B ED

LOOP OF
Capillary Bed: HENLE

Loop of Henle: ARTERIES

& VEINS
 Directions: Color the
Nephron Cross-section GLOMERULUS nephron diagram, cut it
out along with the term
diagram. Glue the term
TUBULE diagram into your
notebook and the
nephron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
ARTERIES appropriate spot on the
& VEINS nephron diagram. Then,
describe the function of
CAPILLARY each of these nephron
LOOP OF B ED parts.
HENLE
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Nephron: Basic unit of structure and function in the kidney. It

Glue Fingernail Cross Section Here

is responsible for regulating the concentration of water and

salts in the body by filtering the blood and removing any waste
as urine.
Glomerulus: Responsible for removing small particles and
solutes from the blood.
Tubule: Absorbs water and solutes to maintain pH of blood.
Arteries and Veins: Carry blood to and from kidney for filtration.
Capillary bed: Supply nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the
nephron tubules.
Loop of Henle: Responsible for creating a concentration gradient
within the kidney which helps regulate pH within the blood.
 Reproductive Reproductive
System! System!

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150
 Reproductive Reproductive
System! System!

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151
 Egg and Sperm Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Sex Cells
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

Egg (ovum or Both: Sperm:

oocyte): -Sexual - Created by the male’s
- Created by the Reproduction testes from puberty until
female’s ovaries involves the death.
before birth, are - Smallest cell in humans
production of egg
released at puberty - Has a tail for
and sperm swimming.
and stop at the time (gametes) - Filled with a small
of menopause. - Each cell contains amount of cytoplasm.
- One of the largest ½ of the genetic - Have a small nucleus
cells in humans. information from and many mitochondria
-Filled mostly with each parent (23 to provide energy.
fluid/cytoplasm. chromosomes - Nearly straight in
- Round in shape each). shape.
- Live 12-24 hours. - Egg and sperm - Live 3-5 days
- Single egg join together in - Hundreds of millions of
produced during sperm are produced
fertilization.
each menstrual each day
- A fertilized egg is
cycle. - Contain X or Y
called a zygote. Chromosome
- Contain X - XX = female & XY - Sperm determines the
chromosome = male gender of offspring.

Directions: Cut out and glue the diagram into your

notebook along the back of the tab. Cut along the
three vertical lines to split the picture in thirds. Fold
the tabs back along the dashed line and apply glue to
the back of the tab. Underneath the flaps, describe the
similarities and differences between egg and sperm.
152
 Sex Cells
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Sex Cells
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

153
 Sex Cells
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Sex Cells
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

154
 Glue Sex Cells here
Egg Both Sperm
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________

Glue Sex Cells here

Egg Both Sperm
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
155
 Sex Cells

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Glue Sex Cells here
Egg Both Sperm
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
156
 Sex Cells

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Glue Sex Cells here
Egg (ovum or oocyte): Both: Sperm:
- Created by the female’s -Sexual Reproduction - Created by the male’s testes
from puberty until death.
ovaries before birth, are involves the production - Smallest cell in humans
released at puberty and of egg and sperm - Has a tail for swimming.
stop at the time of (gametes) - Filled with a small amount of
menopause. - Each cell contains ½ of cytoplasm.
- One of the largest cells the genetic information - Have a small nucleus and
in humans. from each parent (23 many mitochondria to provide
energy.
-Filled mostly with chromosomes each). - Nearly straight in shape.
fluid/cytoplasm. - Egg and sperm join - Live 3-5 days
- Round in shape together in fertilization. - Hundreds of millions of
- Live 12-24 hours. - A fertilized egg is called sperm are produced each day
- Single egg produced a zygote. - Contain X or Y Chromosome
during each menstrual - XX = female & XY = - Sperm determines the
gender of offspring.
cycle. male
- Contain X chromosome
157
 Male Reproductive Organs Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Bladder Seminal
Vesicle

Urethra

Prostate
Penis Gland

Vas deferens

Scrotum Testicle Epididymis

Penis – male sex organ made up of the shaft (the main part) and the glans (the tp). The end of the glans is the site through which
semen and urine exit the body through the urethra.
Testicle – (Testes) produces and stores millions of sperm and produces the hormone testosterone.
Scrotum - pouch-like structure outside of the pelvis that holds the testicles and epididymis. Helps to keep the testicles cooler
than the body which aids in sperm production.
Bladder – muscular sac that stores urine.
Urethra - the channel that carries urine and semen outside of the body through the penis.
Seminal Vesicles – sac-like structures that secrete seminal fluid into the vas deferens.
Epididymis – a set of coiled tubes in each testicle that connects to the vas deferens
Vas deferens – muscular tube that transports semen (sperm- containing fluid)
Prostate Gland – secretes prostate fluid, a component of semen. The muscles of the gland help to propel the fluid into the urethra
during ejaculation.
Directions: Cut out the

High Objective 40X

male reproductive parts

Iris Diaphragm
below and glue them onto

High Objective 40X

the INB sheet to the right.

Male Reproductive Organs

Cut out the INB sheet.

Bladder

Middle Objective
Penis

High Objective 40X

10X
Urethra
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Testicle

Vas deferens

Epididymis

Prostate Iris Diaphragm

Gland

Middle Objective
Seminal
Vesicle

10X
Scrotum

159
Directions: Cut out the

High Objective 40X

male reproductive parts

Iris Diaphragm
below and glue them onto

High Objective 40X

the INB sheet to the right.

Male Reproductive Organs

Cut out the INB sheet.

Bladder

Middle Objective
Penis

High Objective 40X

10X
Urethra
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Testicle

Vas deferens

Epididymis

Prostate Iris Diaphragm

Gland

Middle Objective
Seminal
Vesicle

10X
Scrotum

160
Directions: After completing

Urethra

Bladder

Scrotum

Testicle

Penis
the INB sheet on the previous
page, cut out the “Functions
of Male Reproductive Organs”
sheet to the right and glue it
into your notebook. Write a

Functions of Male Reproductive Organs

short description of the
function of each organ next to
its name. Then, glue the
“Male Reproductive Organs”
sheet along the top tab of the
sheet already in your INB.

Prostate Gland

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Seminal Vesicle
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161
 162

Male Reproductive Organs

Bladder Seminal
Vesicle
Urethra
Prostate
Penis Gland
Vas
deferens
Scrotum Testicle Epididymis
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
male reproductive parts
Directions: Cut out the

below and glue them onto

the INB sheet to the right.
Cut out the INB sheet.

Functions of Male Reproductive Organs
Penis – male sex organ made up of the
shaft (the main part) and the glans
(the tp). The end of the glans is the
site through which semen and urine
exit the body through the urethra.
Testicle – (Testes) produces and stores
millions of sperm and produces the
hormone testosterone.
Scrotum - pouch-like structure
outside of the pelvis that holds the
testicles and epididymis. Helps to
keep the testicles cooler than the
body which aids in sperm production.
Bladder – muscular sac that stores
urine.
Urethra - the channel that carries
urine and semen outside of the body
through the penis.
163
Seminal Vesicles – sac-like
structures that secrete seminal
fluid into the vas deferens.
Epididymis – a set of coiled
tubes in each testicle that
connects to the vas deferens
Vas deferens – muscular tube
that transports semen (sperm-
containing fluid)
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
Prostate Gland – secretes
prostate fluid, a component of
semen. The muscles of the
gland help to propel the fluid
into the urethra during
ejaculation.
 Female Reproductive Organs Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Egg Fundus Uterine Cavity Fallopian Tube

Ovary
Uterus

Endometrium

Myometrium
Vagina Cervix

Uterus – hollow pear shaped organ that is the site where the fertilized egg implants. It can expand to hold a developing fetus.
Vagina – Muscular birth canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body
Cervix – lower part of the uterus that opens up into the vagina. A channel through which sperm can enter and menstrual flow can exit.
Fallopian Tube – Tubes attached to the upper part of the uterus which allow the egg cell to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Conception
(when sperm fertilizes an egg) takes place here.
Ovary – small glands on either side of the uterus that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen, progesterone
Egg – also called an ovum which is the female gamete or sex cell.
Fundus - upper rounded portion of the uterus. Doctors use the size of the fundus to measure fetal height and development during
pregnancy.
Endometrium – layer of the uterus that thickens and sheds during menstruation or thickens further during pregnancy and eventually forms
the placenta which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo and fetus.
Myometrium – middle layer of the uterine wall made of smooth muscle that either induces uterine contractions to shed the endometrium
during menstruation (menstrual cramps) or labor and delivery of a baby.
Uterine Cavity – the inside of the uterus
Directions: Cut out the

High Objective 40X

female reproductive parts

Middle Objective
Iris Diaphragm
below and glue them onto

Female Reproductive Organs

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

10X
the INB sheet to the right.
Cut out the INB sheet.

High Objective 40X

Fundus

Middle Objective
Egg

10X
Fallopian Tube

Iris Diaphragm
Uterine
Cavity

Middle Objective
Endometrium

10X
Ovary

Myometrium

Middle Objective
Vagina

10X
Uterus

Cervix
165
Directions: Cut out the

High Objective 40X

female reproductive parts

Middle Objective
Iris Diaphragm
below and glue them onto

Female Reproductive Organs

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

10X
the INB sheet to the right.
Cut out the INB sheet.

High Objective 40X

Fundus

Middle Objective
Egg

10X
Fallopian Tube

Iris Diaphragm
Uterine
Cavity

Middle Objective
Endometrium

10X
Ovary

Myometrium

Middle Objective
Vagina

10X
Uterus

Cervix
166
Directions: After completing

Egg

Ovary

Fallopian Tube

Vagina

Uterus
the INB sheet on the previous
page, cut out the “Functions
of Female Reproductive
Organs” sheet to the right and

Functions of Female Reproductive Organs

glue it into your notebook.
Write a short description of
the function of each organ
next to its name. Then, glue
the “Female Reproductive
Organs” sheet along the top
tab of the sheet already in
your INB.

Uterine Cavity

Myometrium

Endometrium

Fundus
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167
 168

Female Reproductive Organs

Uterine
Egg Fundus Cavity Fallopian Tube
Ovary
Uterus
Endometrium
Myometrium
Vagina Cervix
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
female reproductive parts
Directions: Cut out the

below and glue them onto

the INB sheet to the right.
Cut out the INB sheet.

Functions of Female Reproductive Organs
Uterus – hollow pear shaped organ that
is the site where the fertilized egg
implants. It can expand to hold a
developing fetus.
Vagina – Muscular birth canal that joins
the cervix to the outside of the body
Cervix – lower part of the uterus that
opens up into the vagina. A channel
through which sperm can enter and
menstrual flow can exit.
Fallopian Tube – Tubes attached to the
upper part of the uterus which allow the
egg cell to travel from the ovaries to the
uterus. Conception (when sperm
fertilizes an egg) takes place here.
Ovary – small glands on either side of the
uterus that produce eggs and the
hormones estrogen, progesterone
Egg – also called an ovum which is the
female gamete or sex cell.
169
Fundus - upper rounded portion of
the uterus. Doctors use the size of the
fundus to measure fetal height and
development during pregnancy.
Endometrium – layer of the uterus
that thickens and sheds during
menstruation or thickens further
during pregnancy and eventually
forms the placenta which supplies
oxygen and nutrients to the
developing embryo and fetus.
Myometrium – middle layer of the
uterine wall made of smooth muscle
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
that either induces uterine
contractions to shed the endometrium
during menstruation (menstrual
cramps) or labor and delivery of a
baby.
Uterine Cavity – the inside of the
uterus
 Stages of Human Development Teacher Notes/Answer
Key
Zygote

Sexual Reproduction:
process that creates
a new organism by
Fertilization combining the
genetic material of Fetus
male and female
gametes (sex cells).

Embryo

Directions: Underneath each door/flap students write notes about the stages of development in humans :
Fertilization: When egg and sperm join together
Zygote: a unicellular cell formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm cell; stays the same size
Embryo: a eukaryotic multicellular organism at its earliest stage; changes in size over time – after a zygote
and before a fetus.
Fetus: developing mammal from 8 weeks to birth
170
 Directions: Cut out the diagram and glue the
“glue down here” side of the square into your
notebook while leaving the flaps free. In the
Zygote center square describe sexual reproduction.
Crease along the dotted lines and fold in the
sides followed by the bottom and top. Define
the terms on each flap.

Glue down
Fertilization Fetus
here Zygote

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Embryo
Glue down
Fertilization Fetus
here

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Directions: Cut out the diagram and glue the

“glue down here” side of the square into
your notebook while leaving the flaps free.
In the center square describe the function Embryo
of the skeletal system/bones. Crease along
the dotted lines and fold in the sides
followed by the bottom and top.
171
Stages of Human Development

Zygote

Glue down here

Fertilization Fetus

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Embryo

Directions: Cut out the diagram and glue the “glue down here” side of the square into your notebook while
leaving the flaps free. In the center square describe sexual reproduction. Crease along the dotted lines and fold
in the sides followed by the bottom and top. Define the terms on each flap. 172
 Zygote

Zygote: a
Glue down
Fertilization Fetus unicellular cell
here formed when an
egg is fertilized by
a sperm cell; stays
the same size
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Fetus: Sexual Reproduction:

process that creates Fertilization:
Embryo developing a new organism by When egg and
mammal from combining the
genetic material of sperm join
8 weeks to male and female together
birth gametes (sex cells).
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Directions: Cut out the diagrams and glue

Embryo: a eukaryotic
the “glue down here” side of the square into multicellular
your notebook while leaving the flaps free. organism at its
Glue the completed diagram over top, earliest stage;
making sure the definitions match the term. changes in size over
time – after a zygote
and before a fetus.

173
Endocrine System! Endocrine System!

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174
Endocrine System! Endocrine System!

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175
 The Endocrine System Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Directions: Cut out and glue the Endocrine bear diagram into your notebook along the top tab. Or cut out the blank writing
template, glue that into the notebook and glue the bear on top. Cut out the terms in the circles and paste them in the
appropriate spot to correctly label the endocrine glands. In your notebook, underneath the diagram, describe the function
and/or hormones released by each endocrine gland.

176
 The Endocrine System Teacher Notes/Answer Key
The Endocrine System
Endocrine Hormones
Function
Gland Released
Function: A collection of glands of that secrete hormones directly into Known as the “master gland” for its Produces seven
the circulatory system to be carried toward specific target organs. control of the endocrine system. hormones
What are hormones? Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. Stimulates growth and repair of body including human
They travel in your bloodstream to specific tissues or organs. cells. growth hormone
Pituitary
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook (hGH) and thyroid-
stimulating
hormone (TSH)

Pituitary
Regulates calcium and phosphorous Parathyroid
Parathyroid levels which help in bone hormone
Thyroid development.
Parathyroid
Controls the rate at which the body Triiodothyronine
produces energy from nutrients - (T3) and Thyroxine
Thyroid metabolism. (T4)

Increases white blood cell function. Thymosin,

Thymus Increases immune response and Thymulin
stimulates certain pituitary hormones.

Helps to react to danger- fight or Adrenaline and

flight response. Regulates the body’s steroid hormones
Thymus
y
Adrenal Adrenal response to stress, blood sugar levels,
cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
like
Cortisol
function.

Hormone lowers blood glucose levels Insulin

Pancreas after a meal by stimulating the
Ovaries Pancreas absorption of glucose by the liver and
muscle tissue.

Produce eggs, sexual maturity, Estrogen and

Ovaries
Testes healthy menstrual cycle. Progesterone

Promotes the production of sperm, Testosterone

Testes sexual maturity, maintains healthy
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC® levels of muscle and bone mass
177
 The Endocrine System Directions: Cut out and glue the Endocrine Bear
Function:
diagram into your notebook along the top tab
What are hormones? or glue it on top of the blank writing template
if your teacher provided it. Cut out the terms
below and paste them in the appropriate spot
on the diagram to correctly label each gland.
In your notebook, underneath the diagram,
describe the function of each of these
endocrine glands and list some of the
hormones each gland releases.

Pituitary Thyroid

Parathyroid Adrenal

Thymus Pancreas

Ovaries Testes

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

178
 The Endocrine System Directions: Cut out and glue the Endocrine Bear
Function:
diagram into your notebook along the top tab
What are Hormones? or glue it on top of the blank writing template
if your teacher provided it. Cut out the terms
below and paste them in the appropriate spot
on the diagram to correctly label each gland.
In your notebook, underneath the diagram,
describe the function of each of these
endocrine glands and list some of the
hormones each gland releases.

Pituitary Thyroid

Parathyroid Adrenal

Thymus Pancreas

Ovaries Testes

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

179
 Glue The Endocrine System Here Glue The Endocrine System Here

Pituitary: Pituitary:

Thyroid: Thyroid:

Parathyroid: Parathyroid:

Adrenal: Adrenal:

Thymus: Thymus:

Pancreas: Pancreas:

Ovaries: Ovaries:

Testes: Testes:

180
 The Endocrine System
Function: A collection of glands of that secrete hormones Pituitary- Known as the “master gland” for its
directly into the circulatory system to be carried toward control of the endocrine system. Stimulates growth
specific target organs. and repair of body cells.Produces seven hormones
What are hormones? Hormones are your body's chemical
messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to specific
including human growth hormone (hGH) and thyroid-
tissues or organs stimulating hormone (TSH)
Parathyroid- Regulates calcium and phosphorous
Pituitary levels which help in bone development. Parathyroid
hormone
Thyroid Parathyroid Thyroid- Controls the rate at which the body
produces energy from nutrients - metabolism.
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
Thymus- Increases white blood cell function.
Increases immune response and stimulates certain
pituitary hormones. Thymosin, Thymulin
Adrenal - Helps to react to danger- fight or flight
response. Regulates the body’s response to stress,
blood sugar levels, cardiovascular and
Thymus gastrointestinal function. Adrenaline and steroid
Adrenal hormones like Cortisol
Pancreas- Hormone lowers blood glucose levels
after a meal by stimulating the absorption of
Pancreas glucose by the liver and muscle tissue. Insulin
Ovaries Ovaries- Produce eggs, sexual maturity, healthy
menstrual cycle. Estrogen and Progesterone
Testes- Promotes the production of sperm, sexual
Testes maturity, maintains healthy levels of muscle and
bone mass. Testosterone

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181
Endocrine Disorders Concept Map Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Endocrine Disorders
Endocrine
Gland
Disorders Parathyroi
Thyroid d

Adrenal
Pituitary
Gland
Cancer Osteoporosis

Acromegaly Cushing’s
or Gigantism Syndrome

Overproduction
Too much
of growth
cortisol is made
hormones

Development of Disease
a malignant affecting
tumor bone health
Fatigue, muscle
Leads to weakness, high
increased blood sugar and
height and size
pressure.
Brittle bones
that lack
calcium and
break easily

Endocrine diseases are usually the result of:

-Hypersecretion- Excessive release of hormones
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-Hyposecretion- Insufficient release of hormones

-Cancer or tumors in the endocrine gland

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182
 Endocrine Disorders Directions: Cut out the blank concept map
and glue into your notebook along the top
tab. Cut out the individual circles and
Endocrine
complete the concept map for the
Gland different kinds of disorders of the
Thyroid Disorders Parathyroid endocrine system. Underneath the
concept map, in your notebook, discuss
how these endocrine diseases are
classified.
Adrenal
Pituitary
Gland
Thyroid Osteoporosi
Cancer s
Osteoporosis
Acromegaly Cushing’s Cancer
or Gigantism Syndrome

Too much
Overproduction Too much Pituitary cortisol is
of growth cortisol is made
hormones made

Development Disease
Brittle bones
of a malignant affecting Leads to
that lack
tumor bone health increased
calcium and
height and size
Fatigue, muscle break easily
Leads to
weakness, high
increased blood sugar and
height and size pressure.
Brittle bones
that lack
calcium and
break easily

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

183
 Endocrine Disorders Directions: Cut out the blank concept map
and glue into your notebook along the top
tab. Cut out the individual circles and
Endocrine
complete the concept map for the
Gland different kinds of disorders of the
Thyroid Disorders Parathyroid endocrine system. Underneath the
concept map, in your notebook, discuss
how these endocrine diseases are
classified.
Adrenal
Pituitary Gland
Osteoporosis Endocrine diseases are usually the result of:
Cancer -Hypersecretion- Excessive release of
Acromegaly Cushing’s hormones
or Gigantism Syndrome -Hyposecretion- Insufficient release of
hormones
-Cancer or tumors in the endocrine gland
Overproduction Too much
of growth cortisol is
hormones made

Development Disease
of a malignant affecting
tumor bone health
Fatigue, muscle
Leads to
weakness, high
increased blood sugar and
height and size pressure.
Brittle bones
that lack
calcium and
break easily

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

184
Nervous System! Nervous System!

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185
Nervous System! Nervous System!

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186
 Parts of a Neuron Teacher Notes/Answer Key
DENDRITE
AXON
TERMINAL CELL BODY

MYELIN NUCLEUS
AXON SHEATH

Neuron: cell that carries nerve impulse information

Dendrite: delivers impulse to cell body
Cell body: contains nucleus which directs the cell’s
activities & organelles of the neuron.
Axon: carries impulse away from cell body.
Myelin Sheath: covers the axon of some neurons and aids
in increasing the speed of neural impulses (electrical
signals).
Axon Terminal: connecting point between two neurons
that join axon to dendrite. Nerve cells have a space
between them called a synapse. When a message reaches
the end of a cell, a chemical moves across the synapse of
the AXON to the DENDRITE of the next cell, delivering
the chemical “message”. 187
 Directions: Color the
neuron diagram, cut it
out along with the term
Parts of a Neuron

diagram. Glue the term

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diagram into your

notebook and the
neuron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
appropriate spot on the
neuron diagram. Then,
describe the function of
each of these neuron
parts.

Neuron:
Dendrite
Glue Parts of a Neuron Here

Dendrite:
Cell Body
Cell Body:

Nucleus:
Axon

Axon: Nucleus

Myelin Sheath: Axon

Terminal
Axon Terminal: Myelin
Sheath
 Directions: Color the
neuron diagram, cut it
out along with the term
Parts of a Neuron

diagram. Glue the term

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

diagram into your

notebook and the
neuron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
appropriate spot on the
neuron diagram. Then,
describe the function of
each of these neuron
parts.

Neuron:
Dendrite
Glue Parts of a Neuron Here

Dendrite:
Cell Body
Cell Body:

Nucleus: Axon
Axon:
Nucleus
Myelin Sheath:
Axon
Axon Terminal: Terminal

Myelin
Sheath
 Axon Cell Body Directions: Color the
Terminal Dendrite neuron diagram, cut it
out along with the term
Parts of a Neuron

diagram. Glue the term

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

diagram into your

notebook and the
neuron diagram on top.
Cut out the terms below
and paste them in the
appropriate spot on the
neuron diagram. Then,
describe the function of
each of these neuron
Myelin parts.
Axon Sheath Nucleus
Neuron: cell that carries nerve impulse information
Dendrite: delivers impulse to cell body
Dendrite
Glue Parts of a Neuron Here

Cell body: part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

Nucleus: directs the cell’s activities & organelles of the neuron. Cell Body
Axon: carries impulse away from cell body.
Myelin Sheath: covers the axon of some neurons and aids in
increasing the speed of neural impulses (electrical signals).
Axon
Axon Terminal: connecting point between two neurons that join
axon to dendrite. Nerve cells have a space between them called a Nucleus
synapse. When a message reaches the end of a cell, a chemical
moves across the synapse of the AXON to the DENDRITE of the next Axon
Terminal
cell, delivering the chemical “message”.
Myelin
Sheath
 The Brain Teacher Notes/Answer Key
Central Nervous System (CNS): Made up of the Brain and Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): includes all nerves branching from CNS to body
Left Cerebral Hemisphere
Function: controls the right side of
the body and performs tasks related
to logic like math and science.

Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Function: controls the left side of
the body and performs tasks related
to creativity and the arts.

Brain Stem & Spinal Cord

Function: BS controls involuntary actions
like heart rate and breathing; connects
brain to spinal cord; made of medulla,
pons, and midbrain. SC links brain with
body nerves, controls reflexes.

Cerebellum
Function: Performs
everyday voluntary (movements you
choose to carry out) tasks such as walking
and writing. Helps us stay balanced and
upright along with coordinating our
muscles.

Extra info for under their ½ page sheet: Both hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected to each other by the corpus callosum,
which allows the two sides to communicate with one another. This is necessary because the hemispheres work together in every
task we perform. BRAIN STEM: comprised of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Midbrain: Regulates body movement, vision and
hearing. Pons: Links to the cerebellum to help with posture and movement. The Pons serves as a message station between
several areas of the brain. It helps relay messages from the cortex and the cerebellum. Controls our sleeping states and dreams.
Medulla Oblongata: Maintains involuntary body functions necessary for life such as breathing, swallowing, blood pressure, and
heart rate. 191
 Tab 4

Tab 3
Tab 1

Directions: Color and cut out the parts of the brain on

this page- do not cut off the tabs. Glue the parts of
the brain in order onto the ½ page using the
numbered tabs.
2
a b
T

192
 Parts of the Brain Brain Parts Function Labels
Central Nervous System:
Left Cerebral Right Cerebral
Peripheral Nervous System: Hemisphere Hemisphere
Function: Function:
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook

Cerebellum
Function:

Tab 3
Tab 4

Brain Stem & Spinal Cord

Function:

Directions: Cut out the Parts of the Brain ½ page and Brain
Parts/Function labels. Glue the ½ page into your
2

notebook along the tab. List the function of each brain

a b

part on the labels. On the back of each brain part, glue

T

the appropriate Brain Parts/Function label. Fill out the

top portion of the ½ page with a description of the
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Underneath the
Tab 1

½ page in your INB, include any extra information about

he brain and its parts.

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193
 Glue Parts of the Brain Here

Corpus callosum:

Brain Stem:

Midbrain:

Pons:

Medulla Oblongata:

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194
 Parts of the Brain Brain Parts Function Labels
Central Nervous System: Made up of the Brain and Spinal cord
Left Cerebral Right Cerebral
Peripheral Nervous System: includes all nerves branching from CNS to Hemisphere Hemisphere
body Function: Function:
Apply glue behind this tab and place in notebook controls the controls the left
right side of the
body and side of the body
performs tasks and performs
related to logic tasks related to
like math and creativity and
science. the arts.

Cerebellum
Function: Performs
everyday voluntary (movements you choose to
carry out) tasks such as walking and writing.
Helps us stay balanced and upright along with

Tab 3
Tab 4

coordinating our muscles.

Brain Stem & Spinal Cord

Function: BS controls involuntary actions like
heart rate and breathing; connects brain to spinal
cord; made of medulla, pons, and midbrain. SC
links brain with body nerves, controls reflexes.

Directions: Cut out the Parts of the Brain ½ page and Brain
Parts/Function labels. Glue the ½ page into your
2

notebook along the tab. List the function of each brain

a b

part on the labels. On the back of each brain part, glue

T

the appropriate Brain Parts/Function label. Fill out the

top portion of the ½ page with a description of the
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Underneath the
Tab 1

½ page in your INB, include any extra information about

he brain and its parts.

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195
 Glue Parts of the Brain Here

Corpus Callosum: allows both hemispheres (the two

sides of the brain) to communicate with one another.
This is necessary because the hemispheres work
together in every task we perform.

Brain Stem: comprised of the midbrain, pons, and

medulla.

Midbrain: Regulates body movement, vision and

hearing.

Pons: Links to the cerebellum to help with posture and

movement. The Pons serves as a message station
between several areas of the brain. It helps relay
messages from the cortex and the cerebellum. Controls
our sleeping states and dreams.

Medulla Oblongata: Maintains involuntary body

functions necessary for life such as breathing,
swallowing, blood pressure, and heart rate
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196
 The Five Senses Teacher Notes/Answer Key

S ig
ht ll
me
/V
isi S
on
The Central Nervous
System (Brain and Spinal
Cord) and Peripheral
Nervous System (all
nerves branching from

h
Hea

Touc
the CNS) work together
to receive and respond
r in g

to stimuli in your
surroundings using the
five senses
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Taste

Underneath each door/flap they write notes about each of the five senses.
Sight/Vision: light enters through the eye through the pupil and stimulates special cells located in the retina
found in the back of the eye. Rods detect dim light and cones detect colors – both send impulses to the brain.
Hearing: outer ear gathers sound waves that vibrate tiny bones & fluid which sends the impulse to brain.
Smell: molecules in the air stimulate special nerve cells in the nasal passages called olfactory cells.
Taste: Taste buds are special cells found on the papillae of the tongue. They provide us with a sense of salty,
sour, sweet, bitter, and umami. Our sense of taste is affected by our sense of smell.
Touch: Touch receptors found in organs & skin detect changes in pressure, pain, and temperature.
197
 Directions: Cut out the diagram and
glue the “glue down here” side of the
pentagram into your notebook while
leaving the flaps free. In the center
pentagram describe the job of the
nervous system and how it relates to
our senses. Underneath each flap
describe each of the five senses.

Glue down
here

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Glue down
here
Directions: Cut out the diagram and
glue the “glue down here” side of the
pentagram into your notebook while © 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

leaving the flaps free. In the center

pentagram describe the job of the
nervous system and how it relates to
our senses. Underneath each flap
describe each of the five senses.
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
198
 Directions: Cut out the diagram and
glue the “glue down here” side of the
pentagram into your notebook while
leaving the flaps free. In the center
pentagram describe the job of the
nervous system and how it relates to
our senses. Underneath each flap
describe each of the five senses.

Glue down
here

© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

Glue down
here
Directions: Cut out the diagram and
glue the “glue down here” side of the
pentagram into your notebook while © 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®

leaving the flaps free. In the center

pentagram describe the job of the
nervous system and how it relates to
our senses. Underneath each flap
describe each of the five senses.
© 2012-present Getting Nerdy, LLC®
199