Chronology - the arrangement of events in the order that they happened, once historians

have ordered events this way they can apply a range of other historical concepts to help
them analyse with detail.

Cause and Effect - this concept is used by historians to identify chains of events and
developments, both in the short term and in the long term. It aims to identify, examine and
analyse the reasons why events have occurred.

Continuity and Change - historians recognise that over time some things stay the same,
while others change. The concept reflects this idea.

Evidence - this concept refers to the information gathered from historical sources and is an
essential part of historical enquiry.

Significance - this concept relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past
including people, events, developments, discoveries, movements, and historical sites.

Perspective - this concept may be referred to as points of view. The position from which a
person sees and interprets the events and world around them. It may also influence how
historians write about the past.

Empathy - this concept helps us understand the impact of past events on individuals and
groups. It enables us to walk in someone else’s shoes.

Primary source - sources that existed or were created in the time period we are studying.

Secondary source - sources created outside the time period we are studying.