Science Ch6 physical and chemical changes

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. What is rust?
Answer: The brownish deposit on an iron material left open for some time is
called rust
Q2. Name the product formed when a piece of magnesium is burnt in the air.
Answer: Magnesium oxide is formed when a piece of magnesium is burnt in the
air.
Q3. What is galvanisation?
Answer: Galvanisation refers to the process of depositing zinc on iron articles. It is
used to prevent rusting of iron articles.
Q4. What is crystallisation?
Answer: Crystallisation refers to the process by which an impure compound is
converted into a crystal.
Q5. What are the molecular formula and chemical name of rust?
Answer: The molecular formula and chemical name of rust are Fe2O3 and ferric
oxide, respectively.
Q6. What is a physical change?
Answer: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the substance
change, but no new substances are formed.
Q7. What is a chemical change?
Answer: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to produce one
or more new substances with different properties.
Q8. Mention one way of preventing rusting of iron.
Answer: Galvanisation can be used to prevent rusting of iron.
Q9. Mention some examples of chemical changes.
Answer: Rusting of iron, fermentation of food, photosynthesis, burning of a
candle and digestion of food are some examples of chemical changes.
Q10. How does painting an iron grill prevent it from rusting?
Answer: Painting an iron grill prevents the contact of iron with air and moisture,
so there is no interaction. Thus, painting an iron grill prevents it from rusting.
Q11. Write the chemical equation for rusting of iron.
Answer: The chemical equation for rusting iron is
Iron + Oxygen + Water → Rust (Iron Oxide).
4 Fe + 3 O2 + x.H2O → 2 Fe2O3.
Q12. Name a metal other than zinc coated on iron to prevent rusting.
Answer: Chromium is coated on iron to prevent rusting.
Q13. Name a method by which you can obtain a highly pure sample of salt.
Answer: Crystallisation can be used to obtain a highly pure sample of salt.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the
evolution of gas. What kind of change is it? Explain.
Answer: When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is
released in the form of bubbles. The chemical composition of the substance
changes and a new product is formed after mixing. Thus, it is a chemical change.
Q2. Why do stainless steel utensils not rust?
Answer: Stainless steel is an alloy with a minimum chromium content of 10.5%.
The chromium reacts with the oxygen in the air and forms a protective layer that
makes stainless steel highly resistant to corrosion and rust.
Q3. Why is fermented food warmer than ordinary food?
Answer: Fermented food is warmer than everyday food because a chemical
reaction occurs during fermentation leading to the elimination of carbon dioxide
and heat.
Q4. Name the two conditions that are essential for rusting.
Answer: The two conditions necessary for rusting are:
1. Oxygen
2. Water or water vapour
Q6. Why is crystallisation regarded as a physical change?
Answer: Crystallisation is a physical change as it does not result in the formation
of a new substance. Moreover, the change is reversible because crystals formed
in the process can be reversed back to non-crystalline form by dissolving it in
water.
Q6. How would you show that curdling of milk is a chemical change?
Answer: Curdling of milk is a chemical change because a new substance, i.e. lactic
acid, is formed. The curd has a different taste than the milk. Also, once the curd is
formed, we can not restore milk from it.
Q7. Explain why burning wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered two
different types of changes.
Answer: The burning of wood is a chemical change as after burning it, wood
changes into ash, and we can not recover it from ash. In contrast, cutting wood
into small pieces is a physical change as it involves a difference in the size of the
wood.
Q8. Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.
Answer: Rusting of iron objects occurs if iron comes in contact with moist air. It is
faster in coastal areas than in deserts because air contains a high percentage of
moisture in coastal areas. In contrast, the air is dry and hot in the deserts.
Therefore rusting is more prominent in coastal provinces than in deserts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. What is a chemical change? List some characteristics of chemical changes.
Answer: A chemical change occurs when two substances interact to produce one
or more new substances with different properties.
Some of the characteristics of chemical changes are mentioned below.
1. Formation of new substance
2. Changes in the composition of the substance
3. Precipitate (formation of residue)
4. Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles)
5. Irreversible, i.e. we can not recover it by reversing the conditions.
6. Absorption or evolution of heat and light energy
7. Change of colour
8. Change of smell
9. Production of sound
Q2. What is a physical change? List some characteristics of physical changes.
Answer: A physical change occurs when the physical properties of the substance
change, but no new substances are formed.
Some of the characteristics of physical changes are mentioned below.
1. The physical properties of a substance change during a physical change.
For example, when an ice cube melts, water is formed. There is a change in the
state of water from solid to liquid.
2. No new substances are formed, and the nature of the substance remains the
same during the change.
For example, when an ice cube melts, water is formed. No new substances are
formed during the process, and the nature of the substance remains the same.
3. It is temporary and generally reversible though some changes may be
irreversible.
For example, when water is heated, water vapours are formed. Once water
vapours are cooled, we can obtain water again.
4. Only a small amount of heat is absorbed or given off during the change.
Q3. What is rusting? How can it be prevented?
Answer: Rusting refers to depositing reddish brown material on the iron articles.
The formation damages or destroys the iron material.
We can prevent rusting of iron in the following ways:
1. Painting, oiling, greasing, or varnishing its surface.
2. Coating iron with non-corrosive substances like carbon. This process is known
as alloying.
3. Galvanisation is another method of protecting iron from rusting by coating iron
with a thin layer of zinc.
Q4. Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
Answer: We can distinguish between physical and chemical changes in the
following ways.

Sl. Physical Change Chemical Change

No.

1. A physical change occurs A chemical change occurs when two substances interact
when the physical to produce one or more new
properties of the
substance change, but substances with different properties.
no new substances are
formed.

2. No new substance is A new substance is formed.

formed.

3. It is a temporary change. It is a permanent change.

4. It affects only physical It affects the physical and chemical properties of the
properties, i.e. shape, substance, including its composition.
size, etc.

5. Minor to no absorption Absorption and energy evolution occur.

and energy evolution
occur.

6. It is reversible, i.e. we It is irreversible, i.e. we cannot recover it by reversing the

can recover the original conditions.
substance.
Q5. Classify the following into physical or chemical changes.
(a) Magnetisation of an iron piece
(b) Dissolution of salt in water
(c) Expansion and contraction of metals
Answer: (a) Magnetisation of an iron piece is a physical change as it is a
temporary change.
(b) The dissolution of salt in water is the method of dissolving salt in water. It is a
physical change as no new substance is formed, and the salt can be recovered by
water evaporation.
(c) The expansion and contraction of metal on heating and cooling are physical
changes because the expansion and contraction do not cause any chemical
changes in metal. Also, contraction and expansion do not produce other elements
with different chemical properties.
Q6. What happens when an iron nail is dipped in the copper sulphate solution?
Answer: When an iron nail is immersed in copper sulphate, iron displaces copper
from the copper sulphate solution, as iron is more reactive than copper.
Therefore, the colour of the copper sulphate solution changes from blue to pale
green.
Reaction
CuSO4 (aq) + Fe (s) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
In this reaction, the following two processes take place:
Cu²⁺ + 2 e– = Cu⁰ (reduction process, Cu²⁺ is the oxidising agent)
Fe⁰ – 2 e– = Fe²⁺ (oxidation process, Fe⁰ is the reducing agent)
It is a double displacement and redox reaction (as oxidation and reduction
coincide).
Explanation
When an iron nail is dipped in copper sulphate solution, a brown coating of
copper is formed on the iron surface, and the copper sulphate solution’s colour
changes from blue to pale green. The iron passes into the solution as ferrous,
forming the ferrous sulphate solution. The reaction shows iron is more reactive
than copper because it displaces copper from the copper sulphate solution.
Q7. What happens if the gas produced by the reaction between vinegar and
baking soda is passed through lime water? Justify your answer.
Answer: The reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar
(dilute acetic acid) generates carbon dioxide gas and sodium acetate.
NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
When carbon dioxide is passed into the lime water, a white precipitate of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) is formed, making it milky.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3
However, the milkiness goes away if an excess of carbon dioxide is passed
through lime water. It is due to the formation of colourless calcium bicarbonate,
which is soluble in water.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 → Ca(HCO3)2