System of Particles and Rotational Motion: Centre of Mass Rigid Bodies

System of Particles
7 and Rotational Motion

CENTRE OF MASS Rigid Bodies
Centre of mass for a system of particles is defined as that point If a body does not undergo any change in shape by the action of
where the entire mass of the system is imagined to be a force, it is said to be rigid.
concentrated. If such body undergoes some displacement, every particle in it
undergoes the same displacement. No real body can be perfectly
If r1 , r2 , r3 ......... be the position vectors of masses m1, m2, m3 rigid.
....... respectively from the origin O, Rotatory Motion
y A body rotating about a fixed axis then every particle of the
body moves in a circle and the centres of all these circles lie on
axis of rotation. The motion of the body is said to possess
m4 rotational motion.
m2
r4 m3 Keep in Memory
r2
r3
m1 1. The centre of mass of a system of two identical particles
r1 lies in between them on the line joining the particles.
x 2. If m1 = m2
O uur uur ur uur
r (m 1 r1 + m 2 r 2 ) (r + r )
r cm = = 1 2
(m 1 + m 2 ) 2
then the centre of mass of the system is so, for particles of equal masses the centre of mass is
ur uur uur
uuur (m1 r1 + m2 r2 + m3 r3 + .....) 1 n uur located at the mean position vector of the particles.
rcm = = å mi ri 3. The position of centre of mass remains unchanged in pure
(m1 + m2 + m3 + ......) M i =1
rotatory motion. But it changes with time in translatory
where M is the total mass of the system of particles. The product
motion or rolling motion.
of mass of the particles and its position vector w.r.t. the reference
4. The position of centre of mass of a body is independent
point is called moment of mass
r of the choice of co-ordinate system.
i.e., moment of mass = m ´ r 5. If we take the centre of mass at the origin, then the sum of
MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS the moments of the masses at of the system about the
The motion of the centre of mass is governed by the equation r
origin Sm i ri is zero.
r r r r
d 2 (rcm) 6. In pure rotatory motion, the axis of rotation passes through
MAcm = Fext where Acm =
dt 2 the centre of mass.
Momentum conservation of a system of particles : 7. If external force is zero then the velocity of the centre of
In the absence of external forces, the velocity of the centre of mass of a body remains constant.
mass remains constant. 8. The centre of mass and centre of gravity of a body
We have, MAcm = F ext coincide, if the value of g is same throughout the dimension
If Fext = 0 of the body.
d 9. In kinematics and dynamics, whole of the mass of a body
M ( vcm ) = 0
dt can be assumed to be concentrated at the centre of mass.
\ vcm = constant. 10. The location of the centre of mass depends on the shape
Hence, momentum (Mvcm = constant) of the centre of mass and nature of distribution of mass of the body.
system is conserved. (a) The position of centre of mass of continuous bodies
can be found using integration as
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174 PHYSICS
1 1 1
Relationship between angular velocity and linear velocity:
X cm =
M ò
x dm, Ycm =
M
y dm, Z cm =òM
z dm ò z
where, x, y and z are the co-ordinates of small mass
w v
dm and M is the total mass of the system.
(b) The C.M. of a uniform rod of length L is at its middle r q P x
point.
(c) Centre of mass of a uniform semicircular wire is at
æ 2R ö y
ç 0, ÷ , where R is the radius of the semicircular wire.
è p ø r r r
v = w× r
It does not depend on mass.
Þ v = rw sin q
Y
where q is the angle between w & r.
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND RADIUS OF GYRATION
R A rigid body having constituent particles of masses m1, m2,
X ....mn and r1, r2 ... r n be their respective distances from the axis of
O
rotation then moment of inertia is given by,
(d) For symmetrical bodies of uniform mass distribution, n
the C. M. lies at the geometrical centre I = m1 r12 + m2 r22 + ... + mn rn2 = å m i ri2
i =1
The moment of inertia of continuous mass distribution is given
ANGULAR VELOCITY AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION by
The angular velocity is defined as the angle covered by the
I = ò r 2 dm
radius vector per unit time. It is denoted by w.
where r is the perpendicular distance of the small mass dm from
Y the axis of rotation.
Its SI unit is kgm2. It is a tensor.
Radius of gyration :
P The radius of gyration of a body about its axis of rotation may
r s be defined as the distance from the axis of rotation at which, if
q the entire mass of the body were concentrated, its moment of
X inertia about the given axis would be same as with its actual
O Q
distribution of mass.
Radius of gyration k is given by,
I = MK2
1
Dq
Average angular velocity w = 1 én ù2
Dt ê S mi ri 2 ú
é ù2
I
The unit of angular velocity is rad/sec. or K = ê ú = ê i ú
ëM û êë S mi úû
where, M = Sm i
The instantaneous angular velocity w (similar to instantaneous
linear velocity) is defined as X
Dq d q
w = lim = r4
Dt ®o Dt dt m4
r3 m3
The angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular
velocity. It is denoted by a.
k Sm
m2
The average angular acceleration aavg. of a rotating body is r2
w - w1 Dw m1
a avg . = 2 =
r1
t2 - t1 Dt
r
In analogy to linear acceleration a , the instantaneous angular
Y
acceleration is defined as
r12 + r22 + r32 + .....rn2
Dw d w Also, k=
a = lim = n
dt ® o Dt dt
Therefore, radius of gyration (k) equals the root mean square of
The unit of angular acceleration is rad/sec2.
the distances of particles from the axis of rotation.
System of Particles and Rotational Motion 175
GENERAL THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA so moment of inertia of whole lamina about AB is

Theorem of perpendicular axis : I = Sm(x+r)2 = Smx2 + Smr2 +2 Smxr
According to this theorem “ the moment of inertia of a plane Where first term on R.H.S is S mx2 = Ic.m. moment of inertia of
lamina (a plane lamina is a 2-dimensional body. Its third lamina about PQ through its centre of mass, second term on
dimension is so small that it can be neglected.) about an axis, R.H.S. is Smr2 = r2Sm = Mr2, M is whole mass of lamina, third
perpendicular to the plane of lamina is equal to the sum of the term on R.H.S is (Smx) r = 0, because Smx is equal to moments of
moment of inertia of the lamina about two axes perpendicular all particles of lamina about an axis PQ, passing through its centre
to each other, in its own plane and intersecting each other at of mass. Hence
the point, where the perpendicular axes passes through it. I = Ic.m. + M.r2
If Ix and Iy be the moment of inertia of a plane lamina (or 2D rigid i.e., the moment of inertia of lamina about AB = its moment of
body) about the perpendicular axis OX and OY respectively, inertia about a parallel axis PQ passing through its centre of mass
which lie in plane of lamina and intersect each other at O, then + mass of lamina×(distance between two axes)2
moment of inertia (Iz) about an axis passing through (OZ) and Example 1.
perpendicular to its plane is given by Three rings each of mass P and radius Q are arranged as
shown in fig. What will be the moment of inertia of the
Z
arrangement about YY’?
Y
x
o y X
r p(x, y)
1 2
P P
Q Q
Y Q
Ix + Iy = Iz 3 P
Let us consider a particle of mass m at point P distance r from
origin O, where r = x 2 + y 2
s o Ix + Iy = Smy2 + Smx2 = Smr2 Solution : Y’
i.e., Iz = Ix + Iy Moment of inertia of each ring about its diameter
Theorem of parallel axes : 1
= PQ 2 .
(Derived by Steiner) This theorem is true for both plane laminar 2
body and thin 3D body. It states that “the moment of inertia of a So total moment of inertia of all three rings about Y Y' is
body about any axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a Itotal = I1 + I2+ I3
parallel axis through its centre of mass plus the product of the Using theorem of parallel axes (for rings 1 and 2), we get
mass of the body and the square of the distance between two æ1 2 2 ö æ12 2 2 ö 1 7
Itotal = ç PQ + PQ ÷ + ç PQ + PQ ÷ + PQ = PQ 2
axes. è2 ø è2 ø 2 2
Example 2.
P A
Four particles each of mass m are lying symmetrically on
the rim of a disc of mass M and radius R. Find MI of this
system about an axis passing through one of the particles
r and perpendicular to plane of disc.
Solution :
O According to the theorem of parallel axes, MI of disc about
c.m an axis passing through K and perpendicular to plane of
M
disc, is
1 2 2 3 2
= MR + MR = MR
Q B 2 2
Particle 2
Let AB be the axis in plane of paper about which, the moment of
inertia (I) of plane lamina is to be determined and PQ an axis R
Particle 1 K Particle 3
O R
parallel to AB, passing through centre of mass O of lamina is at a
distance ‘r’ from AB. Particle 4
Consider a mass element m of lamina at point P distant x from PQ. Total MI of the system =
Now the moment of inertia of the element about AB = m (x + r)2 3 MR 2
MR 2 + m(2 R ) 2 + m( 2 R ) 2 + m( 2 R ) 2 = 19
2 2
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Example 3.
Three identical rods, each of length l, are joined to from a Solution :
rigid equilateral triangle. Find its radius of gyration about
an axis passing through a corner and perpendicular to C2 O C1
the plane of the triangle. m2 m1
m
Solution :
A
Area of whole plate = p (56/2)2 = 784 p sq. cm.

l
Area of cut portion = p (42/2)2 = 441 p sq. cm. ;
o Area of remaining portion = 784p – 441p = 343 p cm2;
60 As mass µ area.
B C
D
Mass of cut portion m1 441 p 9
\ = = =
ml 2 ml 2 Mass of remaining portion m 2 343 p 7
I = IAB + IAC + IBC = + + (I D + mh 2 )
3 3 Let C2 be centre of mass of remaining portion and C1 be
centre of mass of cut portion.
2 2 ml 2 é2 1 3ù O is centre of mass of the whole disc.;
= ml + + m(l sin 60) 2 = ml 2 ê + + ú OC1 = r1 = 28 - 21 = 7 cm.
3 12 ë 3 12 4 û
OC2 = r2 = ?;
3 2 l Equating moments of masses about O,
= ml = (3m)k 2 or k = m 9
2 2 we get m2 × r2 = m1 × r1 Þ r2 = 1 ´ r1 = ´ 7 = 9
m2 7
Example 4. \ Centre of mass of remaining portion is at 9 cm to the left
A uniform rod of mass m and length l makes a constant of centre of disc.
angle q with the axis of rotation which passes through Example 6.
one end of the rod. Determine its moment of inertia about Show that the centre of mass of a rod of mass M and length
this axis. L lies midway between its ends, assuming the rod has a
Solution : uniform mass per unit length.
æmö
Mass of element of uniform rod = ç ÷dx
èlø
Axis
dm
O x
x sinq
x dx
dx
q
x Solution :
By symmetry, we see that yCM = zCM = 0 if the rod is placed
along the x axis. Furthermore, if we call the mass per unit
length l (the linear mass density), then l = M/L for a uniform
Moment of inertia of the element about the axis rod.
If we divide the rod into elements of length dx, then the
æm ö mass of each element is dm = λ dx. Since an arbitrary element
= ç dx ÷( x sin q) 2 .
èl ø of each element is at a distance x from the origin, equation
gives
l
m 2 2 ml 2 L L
lL2
I= sin θ. ò x dx = sin 2 θ 1 1
l 3 xCM = M ò x dm =
M ò0
x ldx =
2M
0 0
Example 5.
A circular plate of uniform thickness has a diameter of L2 æ M ö L
Because l = M/L, this reduces to xCM = ç ÷=
56 cm. A circular portion of diameter 42 cm is removed 2M è L ø 2
from one edge of the plate as shown. Find the position of One can also argue that by symmetry, xCM = L/2.
centre of mass of the remaining portion.
MOMENT OF INERTIA AND RADIUS OF GYRATION OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Shape of body Rotational axis Figure Moment of Radius of

inertia gyration
(1) Ring (a) Perpendicular to plane IC

M = mass passing through centre
R = radius of mass M
MR2 R
R cm
(b) Diameter in the plane

M IB
1 R
R cm MR2
2 2
I 'd I CM
(c) Tangent perpendicular
to plane M
R cm 2MR2 2R
(d) Tangent in the plane M

R cm
3 3
MR2 R
ID 2 2
(2) Disc (a) Perpendicular to plane Ic

passing through centre
of mass
M
R
cm
1 R
MR 2
2 2
Y
(b) Diameter in the plane Z
Id
MR 2 R
4 2
(c) Tangent in the plane
M
R 5 5
Ic MR2
cm
4 2 R
Id
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(d) Tangent perpendicular Id Ic

to plane
3 3 R
M MR2
2 2
R
cm
Ic
(3) Thin walled (a) Geometrical axis MR2 R

R
M
cylinder
L
cm
(b) Perpendicular to length Ic

M æ R 2 L2 ö R 2 L2
passing through centre of mass Mç + ÷ +
è 2 12 ø 2 12
R
cm
I
d Ic
(c) Perpendicular to length æ R 2 L2 ö
M
R 2 L2
Mç + ÷ +
passing through one end R è 2 3ø 2 3
cm
(4) Solid cylinder (a) Geometrical axis Ic
R MR 2 R
M 2 2
L
cm
I Ic
(b) Perpendicular to length M
passing through centre of mass æ R 2 L2 ö R 2 L2
R
Mç + ÷ +
è 4 12 ø 4 12
cm
Ic
Id
M
(c) Perpendicular to length
é R 2 L2 ù R 2 L2
passing through one end R
Mê + ú +
cm
êë 4 3 úû 4 3
L
(5) Annular disc (a) Perpendicular to plane Ic

M R12 + R 22
passing through centre [ R12 + R 22 ]
2 2
of mass M
R2 C
R1
M
(b) Diameter in the plane
C
Ic M[R12 + R 22 ] R12 + R 22
R2
R1 4 4
M
R2
R1
é R 2 + R 22 ù
L Mê 1 ú R12 + R 22
(6) Hollow cylinder (a) Geometrical axis 2
ëê ûú 2
cm
R2 M
R1
(b) Perpendicular to length L é L2 (R 2 + R 22 ) ù

Mê + 1 ú
L2 R12 + R 22
passing through centre I +
ëê 12 4 ûú 12 4
of mass cm
Ic
2 2
(7) Solid sphere (a) Along the diameter M MR2 R
5 5
R
cm
Id Ic
7 7
(b) Along the tangent M MR2 R
5 5
R
cm
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180 PHYSICS
Ic
2 2
(8) Thin spherical shell (a) Along the diameter R MR2 R
3 3
Id Ic
5 5
(b) Along the tangent R MR2 R
3 3
Cavity
R
2 é R5 - r5 ù 2 (R 5 - r5 )
(9) Hollow sphere Along the diameter M ê 3 3ú
r 5 ëê R - r ûú 5 (R 3 - r3 )
Hollow sphere
Ic
ML2 L
(10) Thin rod (a) Perpendicular to length M 12 2 3
passing through centre cm
of mass L
Id Ic
ML2 L
(b) Perpendicular to length M
3 3
passing through one end cm
L
I AB
A
(11) Rectangular plate (a) Perpendicular to length in
the plane passing through b O D Ma 2 a
centre of mass C 12 2 3
B
a
(b) Perpendicular to breadth in A

the plane passing through Mb2 b
b O D
centre of mass I 12 2 3
C CD
B
a
I CM
(c) Perpendicular to plane
passing through centre of mass A
M(a 2 + b2 ) a 2 + b2
O D 12 2 3
b C
B
a
I1
(12) Square Plate (a) Perpendicular to plane passing M Ma 2 a
through centre of mass I1 =
a 6 6
I3 M I2
(b) Diagonal passing through a
a Ma 2
centre of mass I2 = I3 2 3
12
a
I1
(13) Cube (a) Perpendicular to plane passing M Ma 2 a

through centre of mass I1 =
6 6
I2
(b) Perpendicular to plane passing

M
through one end 2Ma 2 2
I2 = a
3 3
a
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TORQUE, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR The magnitude of angular momentum for a system is given by
IMPULSE n n
2
Torque : | L |= å (m i ri ) vi = å (m i ri )w [Q v = rw]
The moment of force is called torque. It is defined as the product i =1 i =1
of force and the perpendicular distance of the force from the n
axis of rotation. Þ | L |= å (Ii ´ w) = Iw ...(ii)
Y i=1
Where Ii is the moment of inertia of the ith particle of that system
F
q and I is total moment of inertia of the system
n
r q I = å I i = I1 + I 2 + I3 + ....................+ I n
i =1
O X
or I = m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ....................+ m n rn2 ...(iii)
r r r So if a system undergoes a redistribution of its mass, then its
i.e., t = r ´ F moment of inertia changes but since no external torque is applied
or, t = rF sin q on the system so total angular momentum is constant before and
r r after the distribution of mass, even if moment of inertia of the
where q is the angle between r and F .
system is changed.
Its S.I. unit is (N-m). The dimensions of torque [ML2T–2] are uur uur
the same as that of energy but it is not energy. L Initial = L Final ...(iv)
Note : If the line of action of a force passes through axis of or, I1w1 = I2w2 ...(v)
rotation then no torque will be formed.
where L initial denote the state previous to the redistribution of
Angular Momentum :
mass and final denote the state after the redistribution of mass in
The angular momentum of a particle about an arbitrry point 'O' is
the moment of linear momentum taken about that point. that system.
Y A comparison of useful relations in rotational and translational

or linear motion :
p
Rotational motion about Linear motion
q a fixed axis
dq dx
q Angular velocity w = Linear velocity v =
r dt dt
dw dv
Angular acceleration a = Linear acceleration a =
O X dt dt
Resultant torque t = Ia Resultant force F = ma
Equations of rotational Equations of linear motion
r r r motion
It is given as L = r ´ p
ì v = u + at
ìw = w0 + at ï
or, L = rp sin q ïï ï 1
a = constant then íq - q0 = w0 t + ½ at 2 a = constant then ís = ut + at 2
r r ï 2 ï 2
where q is the angle between r and F . 2
ïîw = w0 + 2a(q - q0 ) ï v 2 - u 2 = 2as
î
Angular Impulse : where (s = x – x0)
t2 q r r x r r
Work W = ò td q work W = ò Fdx
J = ò tdt = L2 - L1 (= Change in angular momentum) qo xo
t1 Kinetic energy Ek = ½ Iw2 Kinetic energy Ek=½ mv2
rr
CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM Power P = tw Power P = Fv
rr
Angular momentum L = I w Linear momentum p = mv
r dL
From equation t ext = . dL dp
dt Torque t = Force F =
r dt dt
If t ext = 0 Þ L = constant ...(i)
This is called law of conservation of angular momentum. Work Energy Theorem in Rotational Motion :
r According to this theorem “the work done by external forces in
According to this “if resultant external torque text acting on
rotating a rigid body about a fixed axis is equal to the change
the system is zero then total angular momentum of the system is in rotational kinetic energy of the body.”
constant.
Since, we can express the torque as vcm = linear velocity of the centre of mass of the rigid body
dw dw dq K = radius of gyration (I = MK 2 = SM i ri2 )
t = Ia = I =I .
dt dq dt r = radius of moving rigid body
I = moment of inertia of the rigid body about centre of mass
dw
t = Iw but tdq = dW ½ Iw2 = rotational kinetic energy about the centre of mass.
dq Hence it is clear from the expression that total kinetic energy of
Þ tdq = dW = Iwdw rolling body is equal to the sum of rotational kinetic energy about
By integrating the above expression, we get total work done by centre of mass (C.M.) and translational kinetic energy of the centre
all external force on the body, which is written as of mass of body.
Body Rolling without Slipping on an Inclined Plane :
q2 w2 1 1
òq1 tdq = òw1 Iwdw = 2 Iw2 - 2 Iw1 When a body performed translatory as well as rotatory motion
2 2
W=
then we can say that the body is in rolling motion.
where the angular velocity of the body changes from w1 to w2 as Acceleration for body rolling down an inclined plane without
the angular displacement changes from q1 to q2 due to external slipping.
r Let M is the mass of the body, R is its radius and I is the moment
force Fext. on the body.. of inertia about the centre of mass and K is the radius of gyration.
Rotational Kinetic Energy : R
Let us consider a rigid body (collection of small particles) of high f
symmetry which is purely rotating about z-axis with an angular Mg
co s q Mg
velocity w. Each particle has some energy, determined by m i and q Mg sin
q
vi. The kinetic energy of mi particle is
(E k )i = ½ m i v i2 ... (i) q
Force equation, Mg sin q - f = Ma ...(1)

w
y Torque equation, fR = Ia ...(2)
vi
mi Also, I = MK 2 ...(3)
ri
2
MK a
Þ f= ...(4)
x R
O
Adding, eqn. (1) & (4)
Fig. The total kinetic energy of the body is ½Iw2. æ K 2a ö

Mg sin q = M ç + a ÷ a = a (Q Motion is pure rolling)
ç R ÷ R
Now we know that in rigid body every particle moves with same è ø
angular velocity, the individual linear velocities depends on the
distance ri from the axis of rotation according to the expression æ K 2a ö g sin q
Mg sin q = M ç + a÷ Þ a =
(vi = riw). Hence the total kinetic energy of rotating rigid body is ç R2 ÷ K2
è ø 1+
equal to the sum of kinetic energies of individual particles.
R2
2 w2 Now assume in fig. that a body (which has high symmetry such
E k = S(E k )i = S½ m i v i2 = (Sm i ri )
2 as cylinder, sphere etc.) is rolling down an incline plane without
slipping. This is possible only if friction is present between object
Ek = ½ I w2 ... (ii) and incline plane, because it provides net torque to the body for
rotating about the centre of mass (since the line of action of the
where I = Sm i ri2 is moment of inertia of the rigid body.. other forces such as mg and R pass through the centre of mass of
Now consider a rigid body which is rolling without slipping. In rigid body, hence they do not produce torque in a body about
this case it possesses simultaneous translatory motion and the centre of mass).
rotatory motion and the total kinetic energy of the rigid body f=msR R
M
K.ETotal = rotation K.E. + translational K.E. of C.M. c. m
Ek = (E k ) rotational + (E k ) translatio nal ... (iii) mgsinq
Ek = ½ Iw 2 + ½ Mv cm
2
... (iv) h c
mg o x
po nt
in act
2 t w
E k = ½ Mv cm (1 + K 2 / r 2 ) = ½ Iw2 (1 + r 2 / K 2 ) ... (v)
q
where, vc
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A round object rolling down an incline, mechanical energy is Rolling Motin Combination of translatory and rotatory
conserved if no slipping occurs. motion :
But mechanical energy of the body remains constant despite of (i) In pure rolling motion, the contact point O remains at rest.
friction because the contact point is at rest relative to the surface (ii) In pure rolling, the velocity of top most point is,
at any instant. V = Vcm + wR = 2Vcm
For pure rolling motion vc = rw
P
so E k = ½ I(v c / r ) 2 + ½ Mv 2c Vcm +wR
1 æ Ic ö C.M
Ek = çç + M ÷÷ vc2 ...(i)
2èr 2
ø Vcm
R
As body rolls down an incline, it loses potential energy Mgh (h
Vcm
is the height of incline). Since body starts from rest at top, hence O Contact
wR
its total kinetic energy at bottom given by eqn.(i) must be equal point
to Mgh at top i.e., (iii) In rolling without slipping Vcm = wR.
1/ 2
1 æ Ic ö æ 2gh ö 2wR = 2Vcm
çç + M ÷÷Vc2 = Mgh Þ v c = ç ÷
...(ii)
2èr 2 ç 2 ÷
ø è 1 + I c / MR ø
since h =x sin q, where x is length of incline and Ic =MK2
(K is radius of gyration), then Vcm
½
é 2gx sin q ù
vc = ê ....(iii)
2 2ú
ë1 + K / R û O Surface at rest
For rolling down an inclined plane without slipping, the
essential condition is : Keep in Memory
I cm
ms ³ tan q ; m is the coefficient of static friction 1. The axis of the rolling body is parallel to the plane on
MR 2 + I cm s
which the body rolls in case of sphere, disc, ring.
where Icm is moment of inertia of the body about its C.M. 2. Let (Ek)r = rotational kinetic energy
(Ek)t = translation kinetic energy
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOTION (a) For solid sphere, (Ek)r = 40% of (Ek)t
Pure translational motion : In this case the velocities at all three
(b) For shell (Ek)r = 66% of (Ek)t
points : (i) top most point P, (ii) C.M. and (iii) contact point O are
same. (c) For disc, (Ek)r = 50% of (Ek)t
(d) For ring, (Ek)r = (Ek)t
P v
3. Translational kinetic energy is same for rolling bodies
having same M, R and w irrespective of their shape.
C.M (v) 4. Total energy is minimum for solid sphere and maximum for
(A)
ring having same mass and radius.
v 5. Rotational kinetic energy is maximum for ring and minimum
O
for solid sphere of same mass and radius.
Pure rotational motion : In this case the velocity of 6. (i) The acceleration down the inclined plane for different
(i) top most point P is Rw shapes of bodies of same mass and radius are as
(ii) C.M. is zero
follows :
(iii) contact point O is – Rw
Sphere > disc > shell > ring
Rw (ii) The velocity down the plane is related as follows:
Sphere > disc > shell > ring
(B) w Vcm = 0 (iii) The time taken to reach the bottom of the inclined
C.M
plane is related as follows :
O
Ring > shell > disc > sphere.
–Rw
This is because
Y
2
K
(i) For ring =1 log I
R2
K2 1
(ii) For disc = X
2 2
R
log K
K2 2 1 2
(iii) For sphere = 11. Rotational KE, (E k ) r = Iw \ Er µ w2
2 5
R 2
\ graph between (E k ) r and w will be as below
K2 2
(iv) For shell =
R 2 3 Y
7. The angular speed of all particles of a rotating/revolving
rigid body is same, although their linear velocities may be Er
different.
8. (i) Two particles moving with angular speed w1 and w2
on the same circular path and both in anti-clockwise X
w
direction then their relative angular speed will be wr =
w1 – w2. 12. Angular momentum L = Iw, hence L µ w.
\ Graph between L and w is a straight line.
w1
p1 Y
w2
r L
p2
(ii) In the above case one particle will complete one X

revolution more or less as compared to the other in w
time 13. The moment of inertia is not a vector quantity because
2p 2p TT 1 1 1 clockwise or anti-clockwise, direction is not associated
T= = = 1 2 or = - with it. It is a tensor.
wr w1 - w 2 T1 - T2 T T2 T1 14. When a spherical/circular/cylindrical body is given a push,
9. Let two particles move on concentric circles having radius it only slips when the friction is absent, It may roll with
r1 and r 2 and their linear speeds v1, v2 both along anti- slipping if friction is less than a particular value and it may
clockwise direction then their relative angular speed will roll without slipping if the friction is sufficient. (i.e.
ur ur I cm tan q
| v1 - v 2 | ms ³ )
be ωr = r r (MR 2 + I cm
| r1 -r 2 |
15. When a body rolls without slipping no work is done against
friction.
v2
r2 Example 7.
A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R rotating about
its axis with a constant angular speed w. Two blocks, each
r1 of mass, m are attached gently to opposite ends of a
v1 diameter of the ring. Find the angular speed of the ring.
10. As I µ K2 and I = MK2 ,
hence graph between I and K will be Solution :
a parabola. However graph between log I and log K will be As L = Iw = constant. Therefore,
straight line.
I1w1 MK 2 w Mw
Y I 2 w2 = I1w1 or w2 = = =
I2 ( M + 2m ) K 2 M + 2m
I Example 8
A solid sphere of mass 500 g and radius 10 cm rolls without
slipping with a velocity of 20 cm/s. Find the total K.E. of
X the sphere.
K
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186 PHYSICS
Solution : Example 12.

A cord is wound round the circumference of wheel of radius
1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 r. The axis of the wheel is horizontal and moment of inertia
Total K.E. = Iω + mv 2 = ´ m r ω + mv
2 2 2 5 2 about it is I. A weight mg is attached to the end of the cord
2 2 and falls from rest. After falling through a distance h, what
As, Isphere = mr will be the angular velocity of the wheel?
5 Solution :
1 1 7 1 1 1 1
= mv 2 + mv 2 = mv 2 m g h = Ι ω 2 + m v 2 = Iw 2 + m r 2 w 2
5 2 10 2 2 2 2
2 1/ 2
7 500 æ 1 ö é 2m g h ù
= ´ ´ ç ÷ = 0.014 J . 2 2
10 1000 è 5 ø or 2 m g h = (I + m r )w \ w=ê ú
2
Example 9. ëê I + m r ûú
A body of radius R and mass M is rolling horizontally Example 13.
without slipping with speed v, it then rolls up a hill to a Let g be the acceleration due to gravity at earth’s surface
maximum height h. If h = 3v2/4 g, (a) what is the moment and K be the rotational kinetic energy of the earth.
of inertia of the body? (b) what might be the shape of the Suppose the earth’s radius decrease by 2%, keeping all
body? other quantities same, then
Solution : (a) g decreases by 2% and K decreases by 4%
1 1 (b) g decreases by 4% and k increases by 2%
(a) K total = K trans. + K rot. = M v2 + I ω2 (c) g increases by 4% and K decreases by 4%
2 2
(d) g decreases by 4% and K increases by 4%
1 1 æ v2 ö v2 é I ù Solution : (c)
= M v2 + I ç ÷= M+
2 2 çè R 2 ÷ 2 êë R2 û
ú
GM
ø
We know that, g =
When it rolls up a hill to height h, the entire kinetic R2
energy is converted into potential energy M g h
dg æ 2dR ö
é v2 ù Differentiating, = -ç ÷ ....(1)
v2 é I ù g è R ø
Thus ê M+ ú = M g h = M g ê3 ú
2 ë R2 û êë 4g úû 1 2 1 é3 ù
Further, K = Iw = ê M R 2 ú w2
2 2 2 ë5
é I ù 3 MR û
or ê M + 2 ú = M \ I =
ë R û 2 2 dK 3 æ 2dR ö
(b) The body may be a circular disc or a solid cylinder. or = M w2 ´ ç ÷ ....(2)
K 10 è R ø
Example 10. When radius decreases by 2%, then g increases by 4% and
The angular velocity of a body changes from w1 to w2 K decreases by 4%.
without applying torque but by changing moment of Example 14.
inertia. What will be the ratio of initial radius of gyration A small solid ball rolls without slipping along the track
to the final radius of gyration? shown in fig. The radius of the circular part of track is R. If
Solution : the ball starts from rest at a height 8 R above the bottom,
Since I1w1 = I2w2 or M K12 w1 = M K 22 w 2 what are the horizontal and vertical forces acting on it at
P?
K1 æw ö Ball
Þ = çç 2 ÷÷
K2 è w1 ø
Example 11.
A rod of mass M and length l is suspended freely from its
end and it can oscillate in the vertical plane about the 8R
point of suspension. It is pulled to one side and then R
released. It passes through the equilibrium position with O P
angular speed w. What is the kinetic energy while passing R
through the mean position? Solution :
Solution : Suppose m is the mass of the ball of radius r.
1 Ml 2 On reaching P, the net height through which the ball
K.E, = Iw2 and I = (M l2/12) + M (l/2)2 = descends is
2 3
8 R – R = 7R, (from the fig.)
1 é M l2 ù 2 1 2 2 \ decrease in P.E. of ball = mg × 7 R
\ K= ê úw = M l w
2 ëê 3 ûú 6 This appears as total KE of ball at P.
Thus mg × 7R = KE of translation + KE of rotational

g sin q 2
a1 = = g sin q ; From v 2 = u2 + 2 a s
1 1 (1 + 1 / 2) 3
= mv 2 + Iω 2
2 2
æ2 ö
v12 = 0 + 2 ç gsin θ ÷ ´ l = 4 g sin q ´ l ...(i)
1 1 æ2 ö 7 è 3 ø 3
= mv 2 + ´ ç mr 2 ÷w 2 = mv 2
2 2 è5 ø 10 (ii) Acc. of the sliding cylinder, a2 =g sin q
2 From v 2 = u2 + 2 a s; v 22 = 0 + 2g sin θ ´ l ...(ii)

\ v = 10 g R
(where v = rw and r is radius of solid ball) v12 4g sin θ ´ l 2 v
\ = = ; 1 = 2/3 .
The horizontal force acting on the ball, v 22 3 ´ 2g sin θ ´ l 3 v 2
Fh = centripetal force towards O Example 16.
A disc of mass M and radius R is rolling with angular
mv 2 m(10g R )
= = = 10 mg speed w on a horizontal plane (fig.). Determine the
R R magnitude of angular momentum of the disc about the
Vertical force on the ball, Fv = weight of the ball = mg. origin O.
Y
Example 15.
A solid cylinder first rolls and then slides from rest down a
smooth inclined plane. Compare the velocities in the two
cases when the cylinder reaches the bottom of the incline.
w
Solution :
R
(i) We know that acc. of a body rolling down an inclined M
O X
g sin q Solution :
plane is a1 =
1+ K2 / R2 The angular momentum L is given by
æ1 2ö 3 2
R2 L = Ιcm ω + M v R = ç M R ÷w + M(w R ) R = M R w
2 è 2 ø 2
For a solid cylinder K = ;
2
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188 PHYSICS
1. Centre of mass of the earth and the moon system lies 8. A ball tied to a string is swung in a vertical circle. Which of
(a) closer to the earth the following remains constant?
(b) closer to the moon (a) tension in the string
(c) at the mid-point of line joining the earth and the moon (b) speed of the ball
(d) cannot be predicted (c) centripetal force
2. Four particles of masses m1,m2,m3 and m4 are placed at the (d) earth's pull on the ball
vertices A,B,C and D as respectively of a square shown. 9. Angular momentum of a system of a particles changes,
The COM of the system will lie at diagonal AC if when
(a) m1 = m3 A m1 B m2 (a) force acts on a body
(b) m2 = m4 (b) torque acts on a body
(c) direction of velocity changes
(c) m1 = m2
m4 m3 (d) None of these
(d) m3 = m4 D C 10. Angular momentum is
3. Two spheres A and B of masses m and 2m and radii 2R and (a) a polar vector (b) an axial vector
R respectively are placed in contact as shown. The COM (c) a scalar (d) None of these
of the system lies 11. If a running boy jumps on a rotating table, which of the
following is conserved?
A
(a) Linear momentum
B
(b) K.E
2R R
(c) Angular momentum
(d) None of these
12. A gymnast takes turns with her arms & legs stretched. When
(a) inside A (b) inside B she pulls her arms & legs in
(c) at the point of contact (d) None of these (a) the angular velocity decreases
4. Moment of inertia does not depend upon (b) the moment of inertia decreases
(a) distribution of mass (c) the angular velocity stays constant
(b) axis of rotation (d) the angular momentum increases
(c) point of application of force 13. Moment of inertia of a circular wire of mass M and radius R
(d) None of these about its diameter is
5. A disc is given a linear velocity on a rough horizontal surface (a) MR2/2 (b) MR2
then its angular momentum is (c) 2MR2 (d) MR2/4.
(a) conserved about COM only 14. A solid sphere is rotating in free space. If the radius of the
(b) conserved about the point of contact only sphere is increased keeping mass same which one of the
(c) conserved about all the points following will not be affected ?
(d) not conserved about any point. (a) Angular velocity
6. A body cannot roll without slipping on a (b) Angular momentum
(a) rough horizontal surface (c) Moment of inertia
(b) smooth horizontal surface (d) Rotational kinetic energy
(c) rough inclined surface 15. One solid sphere A and another hollow sphere B are of
(d) smooth inclined surface same mass and same outer radii. Their moment of inertia
7. A body is projected from ground with some angle to the about their diameters are respectively IA and IB Such that
horizontal. The angular momentum about the initial position
will (a) IA < IB (b) IA > IB
(a) decrease IA d A
(c) IA = IB (d) =
(b) increase IB d B
(c) remains same
where d A and d B are their densities.
(d) first increase then decrease
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190 PHYSICS
16. Angular momentum is

m P
(a) moment of momentum
(b) product of mass and angular velocity M
(c) product of M.I. and velocity Q
(d) moment of angular motion A

q
B
17. The angular momentum of a system of particle is conserved
(a) when no external force acts upon the system (a) (m/M) L cos q (b) m L/(M + m)
(b) when no external torque acts upon the system (c) (M + m)/(m L cos q) (d) (m L cos q) / (m + M)
(c) when no external impulse acts upon the system 22. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of the same material
(d) when axis of rotation remains same and of same size can be distinguished without weighing
18. Analogue of mass in rotational motion is (a) by determining their moments of inertia about their
coaxial axes
(a) moment of inertia (b) angular momentum
(b) by rolling them simultaneously on an inclined plane
(c) gyration (d) None of these
(c) by rotating them about a common axis of rotation
19. Moment of inertia does not depend upon
(d) by applying equal torque on them
(a) angular velocity of body
23. A stick of length L and mass M lies on a frictionless
(b) shape and size
horizontal surface on which it is free to move in any way. A
(c) mass
ball of mass m moving with speed v collides elastically with
(d) position of axis of rotation
the stick as shown in fig.
20. A hollow sphere is held suspended. Sand is now poured
into it in stages. L
M
v
m
If after the collision ball comes to rest, then what should be
the mass of the ball?
(a) m = 2 M (b) m = M
SAND (c) m = M/2 (d) m = M/4
24. A flywheel rotates about an axis. Due to friction at the axis,
it experiences an angular retardation proportional to its
angular velocity. If its angular velocity falls to half while it
The centre of gravity of the sphere with the sand makes n rotations, how many more rotations will it make
(a) rises continuously before coming to rest?
(b) remains unchanged in the process (a) 2n (b) n
(c) First rises and then falls to the original position (c) n/2 (d) n/3
(d) First falls and then rises to the original position 25. A raw egg and a hard boiled egg are made to spin on a table
21. A block Q of mass M is placed on a horizontal frictionless with the same angular momentum about the same axis. The
surface AB and a body P of mass m is released on its ratio of the time taken by the two to stop is
frictionless slope. As P slides by a length L on this slope of (a) = 1 (b) < 1
inclination q, the block Q would slide by a distance (c) > 1 (d) None of these
1. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with 3. Two particles A and B, initially at rest, moves towards each
angular speed 100 rad/s. The radius of the cylinder is 0.25 other under a mutual force of attraction. At the instant when
m. The K.E. associated with the rotation of the cylinder is the speed of A is v and the speed of B is 2 v, the speed of
(a) 3025 J (b) 3225 J centre of mass is
(c) 3250 J (d) 3125 J (a) zero (b) v
2. What is the moment of inertia of a solid sphere of density r (c) 1.5 v (d) 3 v
and radius R about its diameter? 4. Point masses 1, 2, 3 and 4 kg are lying at the points (0, 0, 0),
105 5 105 2 (2, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0) and (–2, –2, 0) respectively. The moment of
(a) R r (b) R r inertia of this system about X-axis will be
176 176
(a) 43 kg –m2 (b) 34 kg–m2
176 5 176 2
(c) R r (d) R r (c) 27 kg – m 2 (d) 72 kg – m2
105 105
5. A body having moment of inertia about its axis of rotation 13. A particle of mass m is observed from an inertial frame of
equal to 3 kg-m2 is rotating with angular velocity equal to 3 reference and is found to move in a circle of radius r with a
rad/s. Kinetic energy of this rotating body is the same as uniform speed v. The centrifugal force on it is
that of a body of mass 27 kg moving with a speed of
(a) 1.0 m/s (b) 0.5 m/s mv2
(a) towards the centre
(c) 1.5 m/s (d) 2.0 m/s r
6. A particle moves in a circle of radius 0.25 m at two mv2
revolutions per second. The acceleration of the particle in (b) away from the centre
metre per second2 is r
(a) p2 (b) 8p2
mv2
(c) 4p 2 (d) 2p2 (c) along the tangent through the particle
r
7. The radius of gyration of a body about an axis at a distance (d) zero
6 cm from its centre of mass is 10 cm. Then, its radius of
14. A circular disc X of radius R is made from an iron plate of
gyration about a parallel axis through its centre of mass will
thickness t, and another disc Y of radius 4R is made from an
be
t
(a) 80 cm (b) 8 cm iron plate of thickness . Then the relation between the
4
(c) 0.8 cm (d) 80 m moment of inertia IX and IY is
8. A particle of mass m is moving in a plane along a circular
path of radius r. Its angular momentum about the axis of (a) Ι Y = 32 Ι X (b) Ι Y = 16 Ι X
rotation is L. The centripetal force acting on the particle is
(c)Ι Y = ΙX (d) Ι Y = 64 ΙX
(a) L2 /mr (b) L2 m/r
15. A particles performing uniform circular motion. Its angular
(c) L2 /m r3 (d) L2 /m r2 frequency is doubled and its kinetic energy halved, then the
9. A small disc of radius 2 cm is cut from a disc of radius 6 cm. new angular momentum is
If the distance between their centres is 3.2 cm, what is the
shift in the centre of mass of the disc? (a) L (b) 2 L
(a) 0.4 cm (b) 2.4 cm 4
(c) 1.8 cm (d) 1.2 cm L
10. A solid cylinder of mass m & radius R rolls down inclined (c) 4 L (d)
2
plane without slipping. The speed of its C.M. when it
16. A simple pendulum is vibrating with angular amplitude of
reaches the bottom is
90° as shown in figure.
(a) 2 gh
q
(b) 4gh / 3
h
(c) 3 / 4 gh
For what value of q is the acceleration directed
4 gh (i) vertically upwards
(d)
(ii) horizontally
11. The ratio of moment of inertia of circular ring & circular disc
(iii) vertically downwards
having the same mass & radii about on axis passing the c.m
& perpendicular to plane is 1
(a) 0°, cos -1
1
, 90° (b) cos -1 , 0°, 90°
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 3
3
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 4 : 1
1
12. A rod of length L is pivoted at one end and is rotated with
(c) 90°, cos -1
1
, 0° (d) cos -1
, 90°, 0°
a uniform angular velocity in a horizontal plane. Let T1and 3 3
T 2 be the tensions at the points L/4 and
17. A mass is tied to a string and rotated in a vertical circle, the
3L/4 away from the pivoted end. Then
minimum velocity of the body at the top is
(a) T1 > T2
(b) T2 > T1 (a) gr (b) g/r
(c) T1 – T2
3/ 2
(d) the relation between T1 and T2 depends on whether ægö
(c) ç ÷ (d) gr
the rod rotates clockwise and anticlockwise. èrø
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192 PHYSICS
18. A couple is acting on a two particle systems. The resultant 25. A uniform bar of mass M and length L is horizontally
motion will be suspended from the ceiling by two vertical light cables as
(a) purely rotational motion shown. Cable A is connected 1/4th distance from the left
(b) purely linear motion end of the bar. Cable B is attached at the far right end of the
(c) both a and b bar. What is the tension in cable A?
(d) None of these
19. A mass m is moving with a constant velocity along a line Cable A Cable B
parallel to the x-axis, away from the origin. Its angular 1L
momentum with respect to the origin 4
L
(a) is zero (b) remains constant
(c) goes on increasing (d) goes on decreasing. (a) 1/4 Mg (b) 1/3 Mg
20. A smooth sphere A is moving on a frictionless horizontal (c) 2/3 Mg (d) 3/4 Mg
plane with angular speed w and centre of mass velocity v. It 26. ABC is a triangular plate of uniform thickness. The sides are
collides elastically and head on with an identical sphere B in the ratio shown in the figure. IAB, IBC and ICA are the
at rest. Neglect friction everywhere. After the collision, their moments of inertia of the plate about AB, BC and CA as axes
angular speeds are wA and wB, respectively. Then respectively. Which one of the following relations is correct?
(a) wA< wB (b) wA= wB (a) I > I A
AB BC
(c) wA= w (d) wB= w
(b) I BC > I AB
21. A particle moves in a circle of radius 4 cm clockwise at 5
3
constant speed 2 cm s–1 . If x̂ and ŷ are unit acceleration (c) I AB + I BC = I CA
vectors along X and Y respectively (in cm s–2 ), the 90°
(d) ICA is maximum B C
acceleration of the particle at the instant half way between 3
P and Q is given by 27. In carbon monoxide molecule, th e carbon and
Y the oxygen atoms are separated by a distance
1.12 × 10–10 m. The distance of the centre of mass, from the
carbon atom is
P
(a) 0.64 × 10–10 m (b) 0.56 × 10–10 m
(c) 0.51 × 10 m –10 (d) 0.48 × 10–10 m
X 28. A weightless ladder 20 ft long rests against a frictionless
O Q wall at an angle of 60º from the horizontal. A 150 pound man
is 4 ft from the top of the ladder. A horizontal force is needed
to keep it from slipping. Choose the correct magnitude from
(a) -4(x̂ + ŷ) (b) 4(x̂ + ŷ) the following.
(a) 175 lb (b) 100 lb
(c) - ( x̂ + ŷ) / 2 (d) ( x̂ - ŷ) / 4
(c) 120 lb (d) 17.3 lb
22. A particle is confined to rotate in a circular path decreasing 29. The moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius R
linear speed, then which of the following is correct? about an axis, which is tangential to the circumference of the
r
(a) L (angular momentum) is conserved about the centre disc and parallel to its diameter, is
r 2
(b) only direction of angular momentum L is conserved 3
(a) MR 2 (b) MR 2
(c) It spirals towards the centre 2 3
(d) its acceleration is towards the centre. 5 4
23. Two rings of radius R and nR made up of same material (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
4 5
have the ratio of moment of inertia about an axis passing
through centre as 1 : 8. The value of n is 30. A tube one metre long is filled with liquid of mass 1 kg. The
tube is closed at both the ends and is revolved about one
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 end in a horizontal plane at 2 rev/s. The force experienced
by the lid at the other end is
1
(c) 4 (d) (a) 4p2N (b) 8p2N
2 (c) 16p N 2 (d) 9.8 N
24. A cylinder rolls down an inclined plane of inclination 30°, 31. If the linear density (mass per unit length) of a rod of length
the acceleration of cylinder is 3m is proportional to x, where x is the distance from one end
g of the rod, the distance of the centre of gravity of the rod
(a) (b) g
3 from this end is
g 2g (a) 2.5 m (b) 1 m
(c) (d) (c) 1.5 m (d) 2 m
2 3
32. A composite disc is to be made using equal masses of æ1 ö

aluminium and iron so that it has as high a moment of inertia (a) v cos ç q ÷
è2 ø P
as possible. This is possible when q
(a) the surfaces of the disc are made of iron with aluminium æ1 ö
(b) 2v cosç q ÷
inside è2 ø
(b) the whole of aluminium is kept in the core and the iron (c) v (1 + sin q)
at the outer rim of the disc (d) v (1 + cos q)
(c) the whole of the iron is kept in the core and the 38. Acertain bicycle can go up a gentle incline with constant
aluminium at the outer rim of the disc speed when the frictional force of ground pushing the rear
(d) the whole disc is made with thin alternate sheets of wheel is F2 = 4 N. With what force F1 must the chain pull on
iron and aluminium the sprocket wheel if R1=5 cm and R2 = 30 cm?
33. A ball rolls without slipping. The radius of gyration of the
ball about an axis passing through its centre of mass is K. If in F1
Cha
radius of the ball be R, then the fraction of total energy
associated with its rotational energy will be d
R2 Roa
R2 K2 + R2 R1
(a) (b) 4N
K2 + R2 R2
F2 =
K2 K2 Horizontal
(c) (d)
R2 K2 + R2 (a) 4 N (b) 24 N
34. When a bucket containing water is rotated fast in a vertical
35
circle of radius R, the water in the bucket doesn't spill (c) 140 N (d) N
4
provided
39. Auniform rod of length l is free to rotate in a vertical plane
(a) the bucket is whirled with a maximum speed of 2gR about a fixed horizontal axis through O. The rod begins
(b) the bucket is whirled around with a minimum speed of rotating from rest from its unstable equilibrium position.
When it has turned through an angle q, its angular velocity
[(1 / 2) gR ] w is given as O
(c) the bucket is having a rpm of 900g /( p 2 R ) q

6g 6g q
(a) sin q (b) sin
(d) the bucket is having a rpm of 3600g /( p 2 R ) l l 2
35. A coin placed on a gramophone record rotating at 6g q 6g

33 rpm flies off the record, if it is placed at a distance of (c) cos (d) cos q
l 2 l
more than 16 cm from the axis of rotation. If the record is
revolving at 66 rpm, the coin will fly off if it is placed at a 40. A sphere of mass 2000 g and radius 5 cm is rotating at the
distance not less than rate of 300 rpm .Then the torque required to stop it in 2p
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm revolutions, is
(c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm (a) 1.6 × 102 dyne cm (b) 1.6 × 103 dyne cm
36. Two fly wheels A and B are mounted side by side with (c) 2.5 × 104 dyne cm (d) 2.5 × 105 dyne cm
frictionless bearings on a common shaft. Their moments of 41. Five masses are placed in a plane as shown in figure. The
inertia about the shaft are 5.0 kg m2 and 20.0 kg m2 coordinates of the centre of mass are nearest to
respectively. Wheel A is made to rotate at 10 revolution per y
2 3 kg 4 kg
second. Wheel B, initially stationary, is now coupled to A
with the help of a clutch. The rotation speed of the wheels
will become 5 kg
1
(a) 2 5 rps (b) 0.5 rps
(c) 2 rps (d) None of these
37. A wheel is rolling straight on ground without slipping. If 0 1 kg 2 kg x
0 1 2
the axis of the wheel has speed v, the instantenous velocity
of a point P on the rim, defined by angle q, relative to the (a) 1.2, 1.4 (b) 1.3, 1.1
ground will be (c) 1.1, 1.3 (d) 1.0, 1.0
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194 PHYSICS
42. A solid sphere of mass 1 kg rolls on a table with linear 48. The wheel of a car is rotating at the rate of 1200 revolutions
speed 1 ms–1. Its total kinetic energy is per minute. On pressing the accelerator for 10 seconds it
(a) 1 J (b) 0.5 J starts rotating at 4500 revolutions per minute. The angular
(c) 0.7 J (d) 1.4 J acceleration of the wheel is
43. A boy and a man carry a uniform rod of length L, horizontally (a) 30 radian / second2 (b) 1880 degrees/ second2
in such a way that the boy gets 1/4th load. If the boy is at (c) 40 radian / second2 (d) 1980 degree/second2
one end of the rod, the distance of the man from the other 49. Four masses are fixed on a massless rod as shown in the
end is adjoining figure. The moment of inertia about the dotted
(a) L/3 (b) L/4 axis is about
(c) 2 L/3 (d) 3 L/4
44. A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is pulled horizontally 0.2 m 0.2 m
on a sufficiently rough surface as shown in the figure.
2kg 5kg 5kg 2kg

0.4 m 0.4 m
(a) 2 kg × m2 (b) 1 kg × m2
(c) 0.5 kg × m 2 (d) 0.3 kg × m2
Choose the correct alternative. 50. The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is 1.2 kg
(a) The acceleration of the centre of mass is F/M m2. Initially, the body is at rest . In order to produce a
2 F rotational kinetic energy of 1500 J, an angular acceleration
(b) The acceleration of the centre of mass is of 25 rad s–2 must be applied about that axis for a duration
3M
of
(c) The friction force on the sphere acts forward
(a) 4 s (b) 2 s
(d) The magnitude of the friction force is F/3
(c) 8 s (d) 10 s
45. Three identical particles each of mass 1 kg are placed
51. Fig. shows a disc rolling on a horizontal plane with linear
touching one another with their centres on a straight line.
velocity v. Its linear velocity is v and angular velocity is w.
Their centres are marked A, B and C respectively. The
Which of the following gives the velocity of the particle P
distance of centre of mass of the system from A is
on the rim of the disc
AB + AC + BC AB + AC
(a) (b) A
3 3 w
P
AB + BC AC + BC
(c) (d) r
3 3
46. M.I of a circular loop of radius R about the axis in figure is q
v
O M
y
Axis of rotation
R/2 B N
x
O (a) v (1 + cos q) (b) v (1 – cos q)
(c) v (1 + sin q) (d) v (1 – sin q)
52. A toy car rolls down the inclined plane as shown in the fig.
It loops at the bottom. What is the relation between H and
(a) MR2 (b) (3/4) MR2 h?
(c) MR /2 2 (d) 2MR2 H
(a) =2
47. If the earth is treated as a sphere of radius R and mass M, h
its angular momentum about the axis of its diurnal rotation H h
with period T is (b) =3
h H D
r
4 pMR 2
2pMR 2 H
(a) (b) (c) =4
5T 5T h
B
MR 2 T pMR 3 H
(c) (d) (d) =5
T T h
53. A sphere rolls down on an inclined plane of inclination q.

(I1 + I 2 )w I2w
What is the acceleration as the sphere reaches bottom? (a) (b)
I1 I1 + I 2
5 3
(a) g sin q (b) g sin q
7 5 I1w
(c) w (d)
2 2 I1 + I 2
(c) g sin q (d) g sin q
7 5 60. Three particles, each of mass m gram, are situated at the
54. In a bicycle, the radius of rear wheel is twice the radius of vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side/cm (as shown
front wheel. If r F and rF are the radii, vr and vr are the speed in the figure). The moment of inertia of the system about a
of top most points of wheel. Then line AX perpendicular to AB and in the plane of ABC, in
(a) v r = 2v F (b) v F = 2v r gram-cm2 units will be
(c) vF = v r (d) vF > v r 3 X
(a) ml 2
55. An annular ring with inner and outer radii R1 and R 2 is 2
m C
rolling without slipping with a uniform angular speed. The 3
ratio of the forces experienced by the two particles situated (b) ml 2
4 l l
F
on the inner and outer parts of the ring , 1 is (c) 2 ml2
F2
5 B
2 (d) ml 2 A
æ R1 ö R2 4 m l m
(a) çç ÷÷ (b)
è R2 ø R1 61. The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc of radius ‘R’
and mass ‘M’ about an axis passing from the edge of the disc
(c) R1 (d) 1 and normal to the disc is
R2
1
(a) MR2 (b) MR 2
56. A wheel having moment of inertia 2 kg-m2 about its vertical 2
axis, rotates at the rate of 60 rpm about this axis, The torque
3 7
which can stop the wheel’s rotation in one minute would (c) MR 2 (d) MR 2
2 2
be
62. Two bodies have their moments of inertia I and 2I
p 2p
(a) Nm (b) Nm respectively about their axis of rotation. If their kinetic
18 15
energies of rotation are equal, their angular momenta will
p p be in the ratio
(c) Nm (d) Nm
12 15 (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
57. Consider a system of two particles having masses m1 and
m2 . If the particle of mass m1 is pushed towards the centre (c) 2:1 (d) 1 : 2
of mass particles through a distance d, by what distance 63. A drum of radius R and mass M, rolls down without
would the particle of mass m2 move so as to keep the mass slipping along an inclined plane of angle q. The frictional
centre of particles at the original position? force
m2 m1 (a) dissipates energy as heat.
(a) d (b) d
m1 m1 + m 2 (b) decreases the rotational motion.
m1 (c) decreases the rotational and translational motion.
(c) d (d) d
m2 (d) converts translational energy to rotational energy
58. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc about a 64. A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible
tangential axis in the plane of the disc and of a circular ring liquid of mass M and closed at both ends. The tube is then
of the same radius about a tangential axis in the plane of rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with
the ring is uniform angular speed w. What is the force exerted by the
(a) 1 : Ö2 (b) 1 : 3 liquid at the other end?
(c) 2 : 1 (d) Ö5 : Ö6
MLw2
59. A round disc of moment of inertia I 2 about its axis (a) (b) MLw2
2
perpendicular to its plane and passing through its centre
is placed over another disc of moment of inertia I 1 rotating
MLw2 MLw2
with an angular velocity w about the same axis. The final (c) (d)
angular velocity of the combination of discs is 4 8
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196 PHYSICS
65. A circular disk of moment of inertia It is rotating in a 70. If the angular velocity of a body rotating about an axis is
horizontal plane, its symmetry axis, with a constant angular doubled and its moment of inertia halved, the rotational
speed wi . Another disk of moment of inertia Ib is dropped kinetic energy will change by a factor of :
coaxially onto the rotating disk. Initially the second disk (a) 4 (b) 2
has zero angular speed. Eventually both the disks rotate 1
(c) 1 (d)
with a constant angular speed w f . The energy lost by the 2
71. One quarter sector is cut from a uniform circular disc of
initially rotating disk to friction is
radius R. This sector has mass M. It is made to rotate about
2
1 Ib I t2 a line perpendicular to its plane and passing through the
(a) wi2 (b) wi2
2 ( It + I b ) ( It + I b ) centre of the original disc. Its moment of inertia about the
axis of rotation is
Ib - It 2 1 Ib It
(c) wi (d) wi2 1
mR 2
1
mR 2
( It + I b ) (
2 t I + I ) (a) (b)
b 2 4
66. The moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and 1
length L about an axis passing through its midpoint and (c) mR 2 (d) 2mR 2
8
perpendicular to its length is I0. Its moment of inertia about
an axis passing through one of its ends and perpendicular Directions for Qs. (72 to 75) : Each question contains
to its length is STATEMENT-1 and STATEMENT-2. Choose the correct answer
(a) I0 + ML2/2 (b) I0 + ML2/4 (ONLY ONE option is correct ) from the following-
(c) I0 + 2ML 2 (d) I0 + ML2 (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
67. The instantaneous angular position of a point on a rotating (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2 is a
wheel is given by theequation q(t) = 2t3 – 6t2. The torque correct explanation for Statement-1
on the wheel becomes zero at (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2 is not
(a) t = 1s (b) t = 0.5 s a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) t = 0.25 s (d) t = 2s (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
68. The moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc is 72. Statement 1 : When you lean behind over the hind legs of
maximum about an axis perpendicular to the disc and the chair, the chair falls back after a certain angle.
passing through Statement 2 : Centre of mass lying outside the system
makes the system unstable.
73. Statement 1: A rigid disc rolls without slipping on a fixed
C rough horizontal surface with uniform angular velocity. Then
D the acceleration of lowest point on the disc is zero.
B Statement 2 : For a rigid disc rolling without slipping on a
A
fixed rough horizontal surface, the velocity of the lowest
point on the disc is always zero.
74. Statement 1 : If no external force acts on a system of
particles, then the centre of mass will not move in any
(a) B (b) C direction.
(c) D (d) A Statement 2 : If net external force is zero, then the linear
69. Three masses are placed on the x-axis : 300 g at origin, 500 momentum of the system remains constant.
g at x = 40 cm and 400 g at x = 70 cm. The distance of the 75. Statement 1 : A wheel moving down a frictionless inclined
centre of mass from the origin is plane will slip and not roll on the plane.
(a) 40 cm (b) 45 cm Statement 2 : It is the frictional force which provides a
(c) 50 cm (d) 30 cm torque necessary for a body to roll on a surface.
Exemplar Questions 6. In problem-5, the CM of the plate is now in the following

quadrant of x-y plane.
1. For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside
the body? (a) I (b) II
(a) A pencil (b) A shotput (c) III (d) IV
(c) A dice (d) A bangle 7. The density of a non-uniform rod of length 1 m is given by
2. Which of the following points is the likely position of the r(x) = a (1 + bx 2) where, a and b are constants and
centre of mass of the system shown in figure? 0 £ x £ 1. The centre of mass of the rod will be at
Hollow sphere 3(2 + b ) 4(2 + b)
Air (a) (b)
4(3 + b ) 3(3 + b)
R/2 A
B 3(3 + b ) 4(3 + b )
C (c) (d)
4(2 + b) 3(2 + b )
R/2
D
8. A merry-go-round, made of a ring-like platform of radius R
Sand
and mass M, is revolving with angular speed w. A person of
(a) A (b) B mass M is standing on it. At one instant, the person jumps
(c) C (d) D off the round, radially away from the centre of the round (as
3. A particle of mass m is moving in yz-plane with a uniform seen from the round). The speed of the round of afterwards
velocity v with its trajectory running parallel to +ve y-axis is
and intersecting z-axis at z = a in figure. The change in its (a) 2w (b) w
angular momentum about the origin as it bounces elastically
from a wall at y = constant is w
z (c) (d) 0
(a) mvaeˆx 2
v
(b) 2mvaeˆx a NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
(c) ymveˆ x 9. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface

with an initial velocity ‘n’. It reaches upto a maximum height
(d) 2 ymveˆ x y
3n 2
4. When a disc rotates with uniform angular velocity, which of of with respect to the initial position. The object is a
the following is not true? 4g
(a) The sense of rotation remains same (a) solid sphere (b) hollow sphere [2013]
(b) The orientation of the axis of rotation remains same (c) disc (d) ring
(c) The speed of rotation is non-zero and remains same 10. A rod PQ of mass M and length L is hinged at end P. The
(d) The angular acceleration is non-zero and remains same rod is kept horizontal by a massless string tied to point Q as
5. A uniform square plate has a small piece Q of an irregular shown in figure. When string is cut, the initial angular
shape removed and glued to the centre of the plate leaving acceleration of the rod is [2013]
a hole behind in figure. The moment of inertia about the z-
axis is then,
y y
hole
Q Q
x x
P P
(a) increased
(a) g /L (b) 2g/L
(b) decreased
(c) the same 2g 3g
(c) (d)
(d) changed in unpredicted manner 3L 2L
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198 PHYSICS
11. Two discs are rotating about their axes, normal to the discs string which passes through a smooth hole in the plane as
and passing through the centres of the discs. Disc D1 has shown.
2 kg mass and 0.2 m radius and initial angular velocity of 50
v0
rad s–1. Disc D2 has 4kg mass, 0.1 m radius and initial angular
velocity of 200 rad s–1. The two discs are brought in contact
face to face, with their axes of rotation coincident. The final m
angular velocity (in rad s–1) of the system is
(a) 40 (b) 60 [NEET Kar. 2013]
(c) 100 (d) 120
12. The ratio of radii of gyration of a circular ring and a circular The tension in the string is increased gradually and finally
disc, of the same mass and radius, about an axis passing R
m moves in a circle of radius 0 . The final value of the
through their centres and perpendicular to their planes are 2
kinetic energy is [2015]
(a) 2 :1 (b) 1 : 2 [NEET Kar. 2013]
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 1 1
(a) mv02 (b) 2mv02
13. The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass ‘m’ 4
and radius ‘R’) rolling down an incline of angle ‘q’ without
slipping and slipping down the incline without rolling is : 1
(c) mv02 (d) mv02
(a) 5 : 7 (b) 2 : 3 [2014] 2
(c) 2 : 5 (d) 7 : 5 r
18. A force F= a ˆi + 3jˆ + 6kˆ is acting at a point
14. A solid cylinder of mass 50 kg and radius 0.5 m r
is free to rotate about the horizontal axis. A massless string r = 2iˆ - 6jˆ - 12kˆ . The value of a for which angular
is wound round the cylinder with one end attached to it momentum about origin is conserved is : [2015 RS]
and other hanging freely. Tension in the string required to (a) 2 (b) zero
produce an angular acceleration of 2 revolutions s– 2 is : (c) 1 (d) –1
(a) 25 N (b) 50 N [2014] 19. Point masses m1 and m2 are placed at the opposite ends of
(c) 78.5 N (d) 157 N a rigid rod of length L, and negligible mass. The rod is to be
set rotating about an axis perpendicular to it. The position
15. Three identical spherical shells, each of mass m and radius of point P on this rod through which the axis should pass
r are placed as shown in figure. Consider an axis XX' which so that the work required to set the rod rotating with angular
is touching to two shells and passing through diameter of velocity w0 is minimum, is given by : [2015 RS]
third shell. Moment of inertia of the system consisting of
w0
these three spherical shells about XX' axis is [2015]
(a) 3mr2 X
16 2 m1 P m2
(b) mr
5
(c) 4mr2 x (L–x)
11 2 X¢
(d) mr
5
16. A rod of weight W is supported by two parallel knife edges m1 m2
A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal position. The (a) x= L (b) x = m L
m2 1
knives are at a distance d from each other. The centre of
mass of the rod is at distance x from A. The normal reaction m2 L m1L
(c) x= (d) x = m + m
on A is [2015] m1 + m 2 1 2
Wd W(d – x) 20. An automobile moves on a road with a speed of 54 km h -1.

(a) (b) The radius of its wheels is 0.45 m and the moment of inertia
x x
of the wheel about its axis of rotation is 3 kg m2. If the
W(d – x) Wx vehicle is brought to rest in 15s, the magnitude of average
(c) (d) torque transmitted by its brakes to the wheel is : [2015 RS]
d d
(a) 8.58 kg m2 s-2 (b) 10.86 kg m2 s-2
17. A mass m moves in a circle on a smooth horizontal plane
with velocity v0 at a radius R0. The mass is attached to (c) 2.86 kg m2 s-2 (d) 6.66 kg m2 s-2
21. A disk and a sphere of same radius but different masses roll (B) Centre of mass of a body is the point at which the total
off on two inclined planes of the same altitude and length. gravitational torque on the body is zero
Which one of the two objects gets to the bottom of the (C) A couple on a body produce both translational and
plane first ? rotation motion in a body
(a) Disk [2016] (D) Mechanical advantage greater than one means that
(b) Sphere small effort can be used to lift a large load
(c) Both reach at the same time (a) (A) and (B) (b) (B) and (C)
(d) Depends on their masses (c) (C) and (D) (d) (B) and (D)
22. A uniform circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is free to turn 25. Two discs of same moment of inertia rotating about their
about an axis which is perpendicular to its plane and passes regular axis passing through centre and perpendicular to
through its centre. It is subjected to a torque which produces the plane of disc with angular velocities w1 and w2 . They
a constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad s–2 . Its net are brought into contact face to face coinciding the axis of
acceleration in ms–2 at the end of 2.0s is approximately : rotation. The expression for loss of energy during this
process is:- [2017]
(a) 8.0 (b) 7.0 [2016]
(c) 6.0 (d) 3.0 1
(a) I(w1 - w2 )2 (b) I(w1 - w2 )2
23. From a disc of radius R and mass M, a circular hole of diameter 4
R, whose rim passes through the centre is cut. What is the
1 1
moment of inertia of the remaining part of the disc about a (c) (w1 - w2 )2 (d) I( w1 + w2 ) 2
perpendicular axis, passing through the centre ? [2016] 8 2
(a) 15 MR2/32 (b) 13 MR2/32 26. A rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and
(c) 11 MR2/32 (d) 9 MR2/32 radius 40 cm. What is the angular acceleration of the
cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N ? [2017]
24. Which of the following statements are correct ? [2017]
(a) 0.25 rad/s2 (b) 25 rad/s2
(A) Centre of mass of a body always coincides with the 2
centre of gravity of the body (c) 5 m/s (d) 25 m/s2
EBD_7751
200 PHYSICS
Hints & Solutions

EXERCISE - 1 20. (d) Initially centre of gravity is at the centre. When sand
is poured it will fall and again after a limit, centre of
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) gravity will rise.
5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 21. (d) Here, the centre of mass of the system remains
8. (d) The pull of earth changes only when the body moves unchanged. in the horizontal direction. When the mass
so that g changes. It is an exceptional case and should m moved forward by a distance L cos q, let the mass
not be considered unless otherwise mentioned. (m + M) moves by a distance x in the backward
9. (b) If we apply a torque on a body, then angular momentum direction. hence
of the body changes according to the relation (M + m) x – m L cos q = 0
r
r dL r \ x = (m L cos q)/(m + M)
τ= Þ if t = 0 then, L = constant 22. (b) Acceleration of solid sphere is more than that of
dt r r r r hollow sphere, it rolls faster, and reaches the bottom
10. (b) Angular momentum L is defined as L = r ´ m(v)
r of the inclined plane earlier.
so L is, an axial vector.. Hence, solid sphere and hollow sphere can be
11. (c) The boy does not exert a torque to rotating table by distinguished by rolling them simultaneously on an
jumping, so angular momentum is conserved i.e., inclined plane.
r 23. (d) Applying the law of conservation of momentum
dL r
= 0 Þ L = constant m v= M V ...(1)
dt By conservation of angular momentum
12. (b) Since no external torque act on gymnast, so angular
æ M L2 ö
momentum (L=I ω ) is conserved. After pulling her arms m v (L / 2) = ç ÷ω
ç 12 ÷ ...(2)
& legs, the angular velocity increases but moment of è ø
inertia of gymnast, decreases in, such a way that As the collision is elastic, we have
angular momentum remains constant. 1 1 1
13. (a) m v 2 = M V 2 + Ι ω2 ...(3)
2 2 2
14. (b) Angular momentum will remain the same since external
Substituting the values, we get m = M/4
torque is zero. 24. (b) a is propotional to w
2 1 2 Let a = kw (Q k is a constant)
15. (a) I B = MR I A = MR
2 dω
= kω dθ dθ
\ IA < IB [also = ω Þ dt = ]
r dt dt ω
16. (a) Angular momentum = r ´ ( linear m omentum )
ωdω
dL \ = kω Þ dw = kdq
17. (b) We know that τ ext = dθ
dt
if angular momentum is conserved, it means change in ω/ 2
angular momentum = 0
dL
Now ò dω = kò dθ
or, dL = 0 , dt = 0 Þ τ ext = 0
ω
0 θ
ω ω
18.
Thus total external torque = 0.
(a) Analogue of mass in rotational motion is moment of
ò dω = k ò dθ Þ -
2
= kθ Þ - = kθ1
2
ω/2 0
inertia. It plays the same role as mass plays in (Q q1 = 2pn)
translational motion.
19. (a) Basic equation of moment of inertia is given \ θ = θ1 or 2pn1 = 2pn
n1 = n
25. (b) So raw egg is like a spherical shell & hard bioled egg is
mi like solid sphere. Let I1 , I2 be M. I. of raw egg and
boiled egg respectively.
n ri Given that angular momentum L, is same
by I = S m i ri2
i =1 \ I1w1= I2w2 Þ w2>w1 Q I1>I2
Now from first equation of angular motion (wf=wi+at)
here a is retarding decceleration for both cases &
where m i is the mass of i th particle at a distance of wf = 0 for both case.
t (raw egg) ω /α t
ri from axis of rotation. So 1 = 1 Þ 1 <1
Thus it does not depend on angular velocity. t 2 (hard egg) ω 2 / α t2
EXERCISE - 2 1 1
K.E. = m v 2 = ´ 27 ´ v 2 = 13.5
1 2 2 2
1. (d) K.E. of rotation = Iw
2 v =1 m/s
1 æ 1 2ö 2 6. (c) Centripetal acceleration
= ´ ç mr ÷ w
2 è2 ø a c = 4p2 n 2 r = 4 p 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 0.25 = 4p 2 ms -2
7. (b) From the theorem of parallel axes, the moment of inertia
1
= ´ 20 ´ (0.25)2 ´ 100 ´ 100 = 3125 J I = ICM + Ma2
4 where ICM is moment of inertia about centre of mass
2. (c) For solid sphere and a is the distance of axis from centre.
2 2æ4 ö mk2 = m(k1)2 + m(6)2
I= M R 2 = ç p R 3 r÷ R 2 (Q I = mk2 where k is radius of gyration)
5 5è3 ø or, k2 = (k1)2 + 36
8 22 5 176 5 or, 100 = (k1)2 + 36
=
´ R r= R r Þ (k1)2 = 64 cm
15 7 105
\ k1 = 8 cm
3. (a) Force FA on particle A is given by 8. (c) L = m v r or v = L /mr
mA v 2
FA = m A a A = ...(1) m v 2 m (L / m r) 2 = L
t Centripetal force =
r r m r3
mB ´ 2 v 9. (a) The situation can be shown as : Let radius of complete
Similarly FB = m B a B = ...(2)
t disc is a and that of small disc is b. Also let centre of
mass now shifts to O2 at a distance x2 from original
mA v mB ´ 2 v
Now = (Q FA = FB ) centre.
t t
So mA = 2 mB
For the centre of mass of the system a
O b
mA vA + m B vB O2 O1 x-axis
v=
mA + mB x2 x1
2 mB v - mB ´ 2 v
or v= =0
2 mB + m B The position of new centre of mass is given by
Negative sign is used because the particles are -s .pb 2 .x1
travelling in opposite directions. XCM =
s .pa 2 - s .pb 2
Alternatively, if we consider the two masses in a
system then no external force is acting on the system. Here, a = 6 cm, b = 2 cm, x1 = 3.2 cm
Mutual forces are internal forces. Since the centre of -s ´ p (2) 2 ´ 3.2
mass is initially at rest, it well remain at rest Hence, XCM =
s ´ p ´ (6)2 - s ´ p ´ (2)2
4. (a) Moment of inertia of the whole system about the axis
of rotation will be equal to the sum of the moments of 12.8p
inertia of all the particles. = = – 0.4 cm.
32p
Y 10. (b) By energy conservation
(K.E )i + (P.E )i = (K.E ) f + (P.E ) f
(0, 3, 0)
3 kg
(K.E )i = 0, (P.E )i = mgh, (P.E ) f = 0
X
(0, 0, 9) (2, 0, 0) (K.E)f = ½Iω2 + ½mvcm 2
(–2,–2, 0) 1 kg 2 kg Where I (moment of inertia) = ½mR2

4 kg (for solid cylinder)
\ I = I 1 + I2 + I3 + I4 æ v2 ö
so mgh = ½(½mR 2 ) ç cm2 ÷
+ ½mv 2cm
= 0 + 0 + 27 + 16 = 43 kg m2 è R ø
1 2 1
5. (a) Er = I w = ´ 3 ´ (3) 3 = 13.5 J Þ vcm = 4gh / 3
2 2
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202 PHYSICS
11. (b) Moment of inertia (M.I) of circular ring I1 = mr2 18. (a) A couple consists of two equal and opposite forces
moment of inertia (M.I) of circular disc I2 = ½mr2 whose lines of action are parallel and laterally
I 2 separated by same distance. Therefore, net force (or
Þ 1 = resultant) of a couple is null vector, hence no
I2 1
translatory motion will be produced and only
12. (a) Tension provides the necessary centripetal force for rotational motion will be produced.
the rest of rod. 19. (b) Angular momentum of mass m moving with a constant
13. (d) Centrifugal force is observed when the observer is in velocity about origin is
a frame undergoing circular motion. v
line parallel
1 to x-axis
14. (d) I = mR2 y
m
2
M µ t µ R2 O x
1 2 1 2 2 L = momentum × perpendicular distance of line of
For disc X, ΙX = (m)(R) = (πr t).(R)
2 2 action of momentum from origin
L = mv × y
1
for disc Y, ΙY = [π(4R)2 .t / 4][4R]2 In the given condition mvy is a constant. Therefore
2 angular momentum is constant.
ΙX 1 20. (c) Since the spheres are smooth, there will be no transfer
Þ = Þ IY = 64 IX of angular momentum from the sphere A to sphere B.
ΙY (4)3
The sphere A only transfers its linear velocity v to the
sphere B and will continue to rotate with the same
1
15. (a) Angular momentum µ angular speed w.
Angular frequency
-( x̂ + ŷ)
µ Kinetic energy 21. (c) n̂ = –a cos45o x
r K.E. 2 45o
Þ L=
ω a
L1 æ K.E1 ö ω
=ç ÷ ´ 2 = 4 Þ L2 = L
L 2 è ω1 ø K.E 2 4 –a sin45o y
16. (a) When q = 0°, the net force is directed vertically
ur v2 4 -(xˆ + y)
ˆ
upwards. a = nˆ = ´
17. (a) Let velocity at A = v A and velocity at B = v B r 4 2
A 22. (b) Since v is changing (decreasing), L is not conserved
vA in magnitude. Since it is given that a particle is confined
r T to rotate in a circular path, it can not have spiral path.
Since the particle has two accelerations ac and at
therefore the net acceleration is not towards the centre.
vB v
B
Applying conservation of energy at A & B L at
ac
1 1
mv 2A + 2gmr = mv 2B [Q (P.E)A = mg (2r)]
2 2
v 2B = v 2A + 4gr..........(i ) The direction of L remains same even when the

Now as it is moving in circular path it has centripetal speed decreases.
force. 23. (a) The moment of inertia (I) of circular ring whose axis of
mv 2A rotation is passing through its center, I1 = m1R 2

At point A Þ T + mg =
r
Also, I 2 = m 2 (nR) 2
for minimum velocity T ³ 0 Since both rings have same density,
mv 2A m2 m1
or ³ mg Þ v 2A ³ gr Þ v A ³ gr Þ =
r 2p (nR) ´ A 2 2pR ´ A1
Where A is cross-section of ring, From definition of centre of mass.

A1 = A 2 (Given) \ m 2 = nm1 16 ´ 1.12 ´ 10 -10 + 12 ´ 0 = 16 ´ 1.12 ´ 10
-10
d=
16 + 12 28
I1 1 m1R 2 m1R 2
Given = = = = 0.64 × 10–10 m.
I2 8 m 2 (nR) 2 nm1 (nR) 2 28. (d) AB is the ladder, let F be the horizontal force and W is
the weigth of man. Let N1 and N2 be normal reactions
1 1 of ground and wall, respectively. Then for vertical
Þ = or n = 2
8 n3 equilibrium
24. (a) Remember that acceleration of a cylinder down a W = N1 .....(1)
smooth inclined plane is For horizontal equilibrium N2 = F .....(2)
Taking moments about A
N mN
N2(AB sin60°) – W(B Cos 60°) = 0......(3)
Using (2) and AB = 20 ft, BC = 4 ft, we get
mg sin q m g cos q
xmg N2 B
q
t
4f
2
g sin q mR C
a= where I = is the moment of
æ I ö 2
ç1 + ÷
è mR 2 ø N1 W
g sin 30° 60°

Inertia for cylinder a =
æ mR 2 1 ö÷ O
ç1 + ´ A F
ç 2 mR 2 ÷ø
è æ 3 ö÷ æ 1ö
Fç 20 ´ – wç 4 ´ ÷ = 0
ç 2 ø ÷ è 2ø
g´
1 è
= 2 =g 2w ´ 2 w 150
1 3 ÞF= = = pound (lb)
1+ 20 3 5 3 5 3
2
25. (c) This is a torque problem. While the fulcrum can be = 10 3 = 10 ´ 1.73 = 17.3 pound
placed anywhere, placing it at the far right end of the 29. (c) Moment of inertia of disc about its diameter is
bar eliminated cable B from the calculation. There are 1
now only two forces acting on the bar ; the weight I d = MR 2
4
that produces a counterclockwise rotation and the I
tension in cable A that produces a clockwise rotation.
Since the bar is in equilibrium, these two torques must R
Id
sum to zero.
3
L
Cable 4 MI of disc about a tangent passing through rim and in
the plane of disc is
fulcrum 1 5
1L I = I G + MR 2 = MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
4 4
W = mg 2 1 2 2
30. (b) F = mrw2 = 1 ´ ´ 4 p ´ 2 ´ 2 = 8p N
2
St = TA (3 / 4L) - Mg(1 / 2L) = 0
31. (d) Consider an element of length dx at a distance x from
Therefore
end A.
TA = ( MgL / 2) /(3L / 4) = (MgL / 2)(4 / 3L) = 2Mg / 3 Here : mass per unit length l of rod
26. (b) The intersection of medians is the centre of mass of (l µ x Þ l = kx)
the triangle. Since distances of centre of mass from
the sides are related as : xBC < xAB < xAC therefore IBC \ dm = ldx = kx dx
> IAB > IAC or IBC > IAB.
–10
27. (a) (12 amu) 1.12×10 (16 amu)
C c.m. O
–10
d 1.12×10 – d A x dx B
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204 PHYSICS
Position of centre of gravity of rod from end A

37. (b) v
L qv
x CG =
ò0 x dm q
L
ò0 dm
3
é x3 ù
3 ê ú(3)3
\
ò
x CG = 0
x(kx dx)
=
ëê 3 ûú0
= 3 = 2m
v R = v 2 + v 2 + 2 v 2 cos q = 2 v 2 (1 + cos q)
3 3
(3)2
ò0 kx dx éx ù
ê ú
2 q
= 2v cos
2 2
êë 2 úû0
38. (b) For no angular acceleration tnet = 0
32. (b) Density of iron > density of aluminium Þ F1 × 5 = F2 × 30 (given F2 = 4N) Þ F1 = 24 N
moment of inertia = ò r dm .
2
1 2
39. (c) Iw = Loss of gravitational potental energy
2
1 ml 2 2 mgl
r ´ w = (1 + cos q)
dm 2 3 2
3g æ 2 qö 6g q
Þ w2 = ç 2 cos ÷ Þ w = cos
l è 2ø l 2
\ Since riron > raluminium 40. (d) Use t = Ia
so whole of aluminium is kept in the core and the iron
2
at the outer rim of the disc. and w 2 - w02 = 2aq Here I = MR 2
5
1 1
33. (d) Rotational energy = I(w) 2 = (mK 2 )w2 Given M = 2000g = 2kg
2 2 R = 5cm = 5 × 10–2m
1 q = 2p ´ 2p radians
Linear kinetic energy = mw2 R 2
2 n = 300 rpm = 5 rps
\ Required fraction
æ2 æ 2 2ö
2 ö w - w0
1 \ t = Ia = = çè 5 MR ÷ø ç 2q ÷
(mK 2 )w2 K2 è ø
= 2 = 2
1 1
(mK 2 )w 2 + mw 2 R 2
K + R2
(
4p 2 52 - 02 )
2
( )
2
2 2 = ´ 2 ´ 5 ´ 10 -2
5 2
34. (c) At the highest point 2 ´ 4p
= 0.025 N – m.
g = 2.5 × 105 dyne cm.
mg = mR4p 2 n2 Þ n =
4p 2 R 1´ 0 + 2 ´ 2 + 3 ´ 0 + 4 ´ 2 + 5 ´ 1
41. (c) X C.M. =
900 g 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Revolution per minute = 60n =
p2R 4 + 8 + 5 17
= = = 1.1
15 15
35. (d) m mg = mr 4p 2 n 2
1´ 0 + 2 ´ 0 + 3 ´ 2 + 4 ´ 2 + 5 ´ 1
YC.M =
r1n12 r1n12 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
Þ r2 n 22 = r1 n12 Þ r2 = =
n 22 4n12 6+8+5
= = 1.3
15
r1
r2 = = 4 cm
4 1 1
42. (c) E= Mv 2 + Iw 2
36. (c) By conservation of angular momentum, 2 2
50 1 1 2 v2 7
5 ´ 10 = 5w + 20w Þ w = = 2 rps = Mv 2 + ´ MR 2 ´ = Mv 2 = 0.7 J
25 2 2 5 R 2 10
43. (a) So couple about the C.M must be zero for rotational 53. (a) Acceleration of a body rolling down an inclined plane
equilibrium, It means that g sin q
is given by , a =
W L 3W
´ = ´x Þ x =
L K2
1+ 2
4 2 4 6 R
L/2
boy C.M man In case of a solid sphere , we have
L/2 x
K2 [(I / M)] I (2 / 5)MR 2 2
= = = =
W 3W R2 R2 MR 2 MR 2 5
4 4 K2 2
and the distance of man from other end is Substituting = in equation (1) we get
2 5
R
L L L L 5
–x = - = a = g sin q
2 2 6 3 7
44. (b,c) 54. (c) The velocity of the top point of the wheel is twice that
45. (b) Position of C.M w.r. to A of centre of mass. And the speed of centre of mass is
same for both the wheels.
a2
A B C R2
R1 v 2 = wR 2
1´ 0 + 1 ´ AB + 1 ´ AC AB + AC a1
= = v1 = wR1
1+ 1+1 3
46. (b) Use theorem of parallel axes.
2 2p 4pMR 2
47. (a) Angular momentum = Iw = MR 2 . =
5 T 5T v12 w2 R 12
55. (c) a1 = = = w2 R 1
w2 - w1 R1 R1
48. (d) a=
t 2 - t1 v 22
a2 = = w2 R 2
R2
2 p ´1200 2 p ´ 4500
w1 = = 40p ; w2 = = 150p Taking particle masses equal
60 60
F1 ma 1 a 1 R 1
110p = = =
a= rad / sec2 F2 ma 2 a 2 R 2
10 Alternative method : The force experienced by any
Now, p radian = 180° particle is only along radial direction or the centripetal
force.
180 Force experienced by the particle, F = mw2R
\ 1 rad = degree
p F R
\ 1 = 1
11p ´180 F2 R 2
\ a= degree /sec 2 = 1980 degree/sec2 56. (d) t × Dt = L0 {Q since Lf = 0}
p
Þ t × Dt = Iw
49. (b) I = 2 ´ 5 ´ (0.2)2 + 2 ´ 2 ´ (0.4) 2 = 1kg ´ m 2 or t × 60 = 2 × 2 × 60p/60
50. (b) E = 1500 = 1/2 × 1.2 w2 60 ö
(Q f = 60rpm \ w = 2pf = 2p ´ ÷
3000 60 ø
w2 = = 2500 p
1.2 t = N-m
15
w = 50rad / sec
57. (c) m1d = m2 d2 Þ d 2 = m1d
w 50 m2
t= = = 2 sec
a 25
y1 y¢1
51. (c) Velocity of P = (NP)w = (NM + MP)w
= r(r + sin q)w = v(1 + sin q) 58. (d) Circular disc (1)
52. (d) Velocity at the bottom and top of the circle is 5gr
and gr . Therefore (1/2)M(5gr) = MgH and
MR 2
(1/2) M (gr) = Mgh. Iy =
1 4
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206 PHYSICS
From parallel axis theorem

MR 2 5
\ I¢y = + MR 2 = MR 2 1 3
1 4 4 I T = I C.M . + MR 2 = MR 2 + MR 2 = MR 2
2 2
y2 y¢2 L
2
62. (d) K= Þ L2 = 2KI Þ L = 2 KI
2I
Circular ring (2)
L1 K1 I1 K I 1
= × = × =
L2 K2 I 2 K 2I 2
L1 : L2= 1 : 2
MR 2
Iy = 63. (d) Net work done by frictional force when drum rolls
2 2
down without slipping is zero.
MR 2 3 M
\ I¢y = + MR 2 = MR 2 R f
2 2 2
I¢y = MK 12 , I¢y 2 = MK 22
1
q
K2 I¢y Wnet = 0, Wtrans. + Wrot. = 0

\ 1 = 1
Þ K1 : K 2 = 5 : 6 DKtrans. + DKrot. = 0
K 22 I¢y
2 DKtrans = –DKrot.
59. (d) Angular momentum will be conserved i.e., converts translation energy to rotational energy.
64. (a) Tube may be treated as a particle of mass M at distance
I1w L/2 from one end.
I 1w = I1w' + I2w' Þ w¢ = I + I
1 2 2 ML 2
Centripetal force = Mrw = w
60. (d) IAX = m(AB)2 + m(OC)2 = ml2 + m (l cos 60º)2 2
= ml2 + ml2/4 = 5/4 ml2 65. (d) By conservation of angular momentum, It wi =(It+Ib) w f
where w f is the final angular velocity of disks

X
Cm æ It ö
O \ wf = ç ÷ wi
60º è It + Ib ø
l l Loss in K.E., D K = Initial K.E. – Final K.E.
1 1
= It wi2 – ( It + Ib ) w2f
60º 2 2
Am l Bm
1 1 It2
Þ DK = It wi2 - ( It + Ib ) w2
61. (c) M.I. of a uniform circular disc of radius ‘R’ and 2 i
2 2 ( It + Ib )
mass ‘M’ about an axis passing through C.M.
and normal to the disc is 1 2 It ( I + I - I ) 1 2 I t Ib
= w t b t = w
1 2
2 i It + Ib 2 i I t + Ib
I C.M. = MR 66. (b) By theorem of parallel axes,
2
I = I cm + Md2
I = I0 + M (L/2)2 = I0 + ML2/4
67. (a) When angular acceleration (a) is zero then torque on
the wheel becomes zero.
q(t) = 2t3 – 6t2
dq
Þ = 6t 2 - 12t
dt
d 2q
Þa = = 12t - 12 = 0
dt 2
\ t = 1 sec.
68. (a) According to parallel axis theorem of the moment of 2. (c) Centre of mass of a system lies towards the part of the
Inertia system, having bigger mass. In the above diagram,
lower part is heavier, hence CM of the system lies
I = Icm + md2
below the horizontal diameter at C point.
d is maximum for point B so Imax about B.
3. (b) The initial velocity is vi = veˆy and after reflection from
m1 x1 + m2 x2 + m3 x3
69. (a) X cm = the wall, the final velocity is v f = -veˆ y . The trajectory
m1 + m2 + m3
is at constant distance a on z axis and as particle moves
along y axis, its y component changes .
300 ´ (0) + 500(40) + 400 ´ 70 So position vector (moving along y-axis),
X cm =
300 + 500 + 400 r
r = yeˆy + aeˆz
500 ´ 40 + 400 ´ 70 Hence, the change in angular momentum is
X cm =
1200 r
r ´ m(v f - v j ) = 2mvaeˆx .
50 + 70 120 dw
X cm = = = 40 cm 4. (d) Angular acceleration a =
3 3 dt
where w is angular velocity of the disc and is uniform
1 2 or constant.
70. (b) K= Iw
2 dw
a= =0
dt
1 æ 1ö
K ' = ç ÷ (2w) 2 = 2K Hence, angular acceleration is zero.
2 è 2ø
5. (b) According to the question, when the small piece Q
71. (a) For complete disc with mass '4M', M.I. about given removed it is stick at P through axis of rotation passes,
axis = (4M)(R2/2) = 2 MR2 but axis of rotation does not passes through Q and It
is glued to the centre of the plate, the mass comes
Hence, by symmetry, for the given quarter of the disc
closer to the z-axis, hence, moment of inertia decreases.
1 2 6. (c) Let us consider the diagram of problem 5, there is a
M.I. = 2 MR2 /4 = MR line shown in the figure drawn along the diagonal.
2
First, centre of mass of the system was on the dotted
72. (d) line and was shifted towards Q from the centre (1st
73. (a) For a disc rolling without slipping on a horizontal rough quadrant).
surface with uniform angular velocity, the acceleration y y
of lowest point of disc is directed vertically upwards
Q Q hole
and is not zero (Due to translation part of rolling,
x x
acceleration of lowest point is zero. Due to rotational x
part of rolling, the tangential acceleration of lowest
point is zero and centripetal acceleration is non-zero When the mass Q is decrease, it will be on the same
and upwards). Hence statement 1 is false. line but shifted towards other side of Q on the line
74. (a) 75. (b) joining QPor away from the centre so, new CM will
lies in IIIrd quadrant in x-y plane.
EXERCISE - 3
7. (a) As given that density :
Exemplar Questions
r( x) = a(1 + bx 2 )
1. (d) A bangle is in the form of a ring as shown in figure.
The centre of mass of the ring lies at its centre, which where a and b are constants and 0 £ x £ 1
is outside the ring or bangle. At b = 0, r( x) = a = constant
In that case, centre of mass will be at
x = 0.5 m (i.e., mid-point of the rod)
C Putting, b = 0 in options.
Centre
3 2 1
(a) ´ = = 0.5 m
4 3 2
EBD_7751
208 PHYSICS
4 2
(b) ´ ¹ 0.5 m
3 3
3 3 10. (d)
(c) ´ ¹ 0.5 m
4 2
4 3
(d) ´ ¹ 0.5 m
3 2
Weight of the rod will produce the torque
So, only (a) option gives 0.5.
8. (a) As there is external torque acting on the system, L mL2 é ML2 ù
t = mg =Ia= a êQ Irod = ú
angular momentum should be conserved. 2 3 êë 3 úû
Hence Iw = constant ...(i)
where, I is moment of inertia of the system and w is 3g
Hence, angular acceleration a =
angular velocity of the system. 2L
From Eq. (i), 11. (c) Given: m1 = 2 kg m2 = 4 kg
I1w1 = I 2 w2 r1 = 0.2 m r2 = 0.1 m
w1 = 50 rad s–1 w2 = 200 rad s–1
where w1 and w2 are angular velocities before and
after jumping. As, I1W1 = I2W2 = Constant
(Q I = mr 2 ) So, given that, 1 1

m r2w + m r2 w
I1W1 + I 2W2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
m1 = 2M, m2 = M, w1 = w, w2 = ? \ Wf = =
I1 + I 2 1 1
m1r12 + m2 r22
r1 = r2 = R m1r12 w1 = m2 r22w2 2 2
2MR 2 w = MR2 w2 By putting the value of m1, m2, r1, r2 and solving we
get = 100 rad s–1
as mass reduced to half, hence, moment of inertia also
reduced to half. I
12. (a) Q I = MK2 \ K =
w2 = 2w M
1
NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions Iring = MR2 and Idisc = MR 2
2
9. (c)
K1 I1 MR 2
= = = 2 :1
3V 2 K2 I2 æ MR 2 ö
ç ÷
4g V è 2 ø
13. (a) For solid sphere rolling without slipping on inclined

plane, acceleration
From law of conservation of mechanical energy
g sin q
a1 =
1 2 1 3v2 K2
2
Iw + 0 + mv = mg ×
4g 1+
2 2 R2
1 2 3 1 For solid sphere slipping on inclined plane without
Þ Iw = mv2 – mv2 rolling, acceleration
2 4 2
a2 = g sin q
mv2 æ 3 - 1 ö
= ç ÷ a1
2 è2 ø Therefore required ratio =
a2
1 V2 mv2 1
or, I 2 = or, I = mR2 1 1 5
2 R 4 2 = = =
K 2 2 7
Hence, object is a disc. 1+ 1+
R2 5
14. (d) Here a = 2 revolutions/s2 = 4p rad/s2 (given) \ v1 = 2V0

1 1 1
I cylinder = MR 2 = (50)(0.5) 2 Therefore, new KE =
2
m (2V0)2 = 2mv0
2 2 2
25 18. (d) From Newton's second law for rotational motion,
= Kg-m2 r
4 r dL r r
As t = Ia so TR = Ia t = , if L = constant then t = 0
dt
r r r
æ 25 ö So, t = r ´ F = 0
(4 p )
Ia çè 4 ÷ø
ÞT=
R
=
(0.5)
N = 50 pN = 157 N ( 2iˆ - 6ˆj -12kˆ ) ´ (aˆi + 3jˆ + 6k)ˆ = 0
Solving we get a = –1
15. (c) Moment of inertia of shell 1 along diameter
19. (c) Work required to set the rod rotating with angular
2 2 velocity w0
Idiameter = MR
3 1 2
Moment of inertia of shell 2 = m. i of shell 3 K.E. = Iw
2
2 2 2 5 2 Work is minimum when I is minimum.
= Itangential = MR + MR = MR
3 3 I is minimum about the centre of mass
X So, (m1) (x) = (m2) (L – x)
or, m1x = m2L – m2x
1 m2L
\x= m + m
2 3 1 2
20. (d) Given : Speed V = 54 kmh–1 = 15 ms–1
X¢ Moment of inertia, I = 3 kgm2
So, I of the system along x x1 Time t = 15s
= Idiameter + (Itangential) × 2
2 æ5 ö wi = V = 15 = 100 wf = 0
or, Itotal = MR 2 + ç MR 2 ÷ ´ 2 r 0.45 3
3 è3 ø wf = wi + at
12 100 100
=MR 2 = 4MR 2 0= + (– a) (15) Þ a =
3 3 45
16. (c) By torque balancing about B Average torque transmitted by brakes to the wheel
NA (d) = W (d – x)
100
W(d – x) t = (I) (a) = 3 × = 6.66 kgm2s–2
NA = 45
d
K2
NA NB 21. (b) Time of descent µ
R2
A B K2
Order of value of
R2
d
x d–x K2 1
for disc; 2 = = 0.5
R 2
W
17. (b) Applying angular momentum conservation K2 2
for sphere; 2 = = 0.4
R 5
V0
m (sphere) < (disc)
\ Sphere reaches first
22. (a) Given: Radius of disc, R = 50 cm
angular acceleration a = 2.0 rads–2; time t = 2s
Particle at periphery (assume) will have both radial
æ R0 ö
mV0R0 = (m) (V1) ç ÷ (one) and tangential acceleration
è 2 ø at = Ra = 0.5 × 2 = 1 m/s2
EBD_7751
210 PHYSICS
From equation, 24. (d) Centre of mass may or may not coincide with centre
w = w0 + at of gravity. Net torque of gravitational pull is zero about
w = 0 + 2 × 2 = 4 rad/sec centre of mass.
ac = w2R = (4)2 × 0.5 = 16 × 0.5 = 8m/s2 t g = Sti = Sri ´ mig = 0
Net acceleration,
Load
Mechanical advantage , M. A.=
atotal = a 2t + a 2c = 2
1 +8 2 » 8 m/s2 Effort
23. (b) Moment of inertia of complete disc about point 'O'. If M.A. > 1 Þ Load > Effort
M 25. (a) Here, Iw1 + Iw2 = 2Iw
MR 2
ITotal disc =
2 w1 + w2
Þ w=
Mass of removed disc O R 2
M R 1 2 1 2
MRemoved = (Mass µ area) (K.E.)i = Iw1 + Iw2
4 2 2
Moment of inertia of removed disc about point 'O'. 2
IRemoved (about same perpendicular axis) 1 æ w + w2 ö
(K.E.)f = ´ 2Iw2 = I ç 1
= Icm + mx2 2 è 2 ÷ø
M (R / 2)
2 2
3MR 2 1
MæRö Loss in K.E. = (K.E) f - (K.E)i = I(w1 - w2 )2
= + ç ÷ = 4
4 2 4è2ø 32
Therefore the moment of inertia of the remaining part 26. (b) Given, mass of cylinder m = 3kg
of the disc about a perpendicular axis passing through R = 40 cm = 0.4 m
the centre, F = 30 N ; a = ? 40
IRemaing disc = ITotal – IRemoved As we know, torque t = Ia cm
F × R = MR2a
MR 2 3 13
= - MR 2 = MR 2 F´ R
2 32 32 a=
MR 2
F = 30 N
30 ´ (0.4)
a= or, a = 25rad / s 2
3 ´ (0.4) 2

System of Particles and Rotational Motion: Centre of Mass Rigid Bodies

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System of Particles and Rotational Motion: Centre of Mass Rigid Bodies

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System of Particles

7 and Rotational Motion

GENERAL THEOREMS ON MOMENT OF INERTIA so moment of inertia of whole lamina about AB is

Area of whole plate = p (56/2)2 = 784 p sq. cm.

MOMENT OF INERTIA AND RADIUS OF GYRATION OF DIFFERENT OBJECTS

Shape of body Rotational axis Figure Moment of Radius of

(1) Ring (a) Perpendicular to plane IC

(b) Diameter in the plane

(d) Tangent in the plane M

(2) Disc (a) Perpendicular to plane Ic

(c) Tangent in the plane

(d) Tangent perpendicular Id Ic

(3) Thin walled (a) Geometrical axis MR2 R

(b) Perpendicular to length Ic

(4) Solid cylinder (a) Geometrical axis Ic

(5) Annular disc (a) Perpendicular to plane Ic

(b) Perpendicular to length L é L2 (R 2 + R 22 ) ù

(b) Perpendicular to breadth in A

(13) Cube (a) Perpendicular to plane passing M Ma 2 a

(b) Perpendicular to plane passing

Y A comparison of useful relations in rotational and translational

Force equation, Mg sin q - f = Ma ...(1)

Fig. The total kinetic energy of the body is ½Iw2. æ K 2a ö

(ii) In the above case one particle will complete one X

Solution : Example 12.

Thus mg × 7R = KE of translation + KE of rotational

2 From v 2 = u2 + 2 a s; v 22 = 0 + 2g sin θ ´ l ...(ii)

16. Angular momentum is

(d) moment of angular motion A

32. A composite disc is to be made using equal masses of æ1 ö

(c) the bucket is having a rpm of 900g /( p 2 R ) q

35. A coin placed on a gramophone record rotating at 6g q 6g

2kg 5kg 5kg 2kg

53. A sphere rolls down on an inclined plane of inclination q.

Exemplar Questions 6. In problem-5, the CM of the plate is now in the following

(c) ymveˆ x 9. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface

Wd W(d – x) 20. An automobile moves on a road with a speed of 54 km h -1.

Hints & Solutions

(–2,–2, 0) 1 kg 2 kg Where I (moment of inertia) = ½mR2

v 2B = v 2A + 4gr..........(i ) The direction of L remains same even when the

mv 2A rotation is passing through its center, I1 = m1R 2

Where A is cross-section of ring, From definition of centre of mass.

g sin 30° 60°

Position of centre of gravity of rod from end A

From parallel axis theorem

K2 I¢y Wnet = 0, Wtrans. + Wrot. = 0

where w f is the final angular velocity of disks

(Q I = mr 2 ) So, given that, 1 1

13. (a) For solid sphere rolling without slipping on inclined

14. (d) Here a = 2 revolutions/s2 = 4p rad/s2 (given) \ v1 = 2V0

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