YOBHEL CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

San Vicente, Pili, Camarines Sur

A/Y 2021 – 2022

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Table of Contents:

 Galilean Motion
 Uniform Motion
 Constant Acceleration Motion

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

 Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who made fundamental
contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the
development of the scientific method.

Galilean Motion
 Aristotle capitalized on the idea that force is needed to sustain the motion of an object.
However, Galileo’s observations of everyday objects, especially falling object, were not
in accord with this idea. Galileo believed that even when he had stopped pushing the cart,
its natural tendency was to continue to move without any assistance. According to him,
the reason why the cart tended to slow down or stop was because of friction-a force that
opposes the motion of an object.
 Galileo conducted an experiment to illustrate his theory of motion. In order to be able to
slow down the motion of falling objects, he set up an experiment where he used a pair of
inclined planes facing each other. When he released a marble iron any height of the
plane, he observed that the marble rolled down the plane, then up the opposite plane
approximately as high as its original height. When he made the surfaces of the planes
smoother, he observed that the marble rolled up the opposite plane closer to its original
position.
 The experiment led him to conclude that objects in vacuum fall with uniform acceleration
and that the difference in the initial and final height of the marble is due to the force
called friction. He summarized that without friction force, the marble would have reached
its original height. When the marble was allowed to roll onto a horizontal surface, it was
able to cover a considerable distance and went even further when the surface was
smoother. Based on this observation Galileo reasoned that in a perfectly smooth and
infinitely long surface, the ball would continue to move with a uniform motion since
there were no factors that would cause its motion to change.
Uniform Motion
 An object is said to be in a uniform motion when it is moving with constant velocity.
 Velocity - is the rate at which the position changes.

This graph shows the relationship between the distances covered by the object over a
period of time. The formula to find the distance is d=vt.

Velocity vs. Time Graph Acceleration vs. Time Graph

Constant Acceleration Motion

 An object is said to be accelerating when it travels with varying velocity. The object may
be speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.
 Acceleration - the rate at which velocity changes with time, in terms of both speed and
direction.
 The SI unit for acceleration is m/s² .

Acceleration = change in velocity = v

change in time f
d vs t graph v vs t graph a vs t graph

Prepared by:
Kyla Jeanelle V. Beldua
11-B ABM