Evolve Digital Level 2A

Grammar summaries
Unit 1 Lesson 1: "be” ........................................................................................................................... 2
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Possessive adjectives............................................................................................ 3
Unit 1 Lesson 2: Possession .............................................................................................................. 4
Unit 2 Lesson 1: Simple present for habits and routines ............................................................... 5
Unit 2 Lesson 2: “this / that one,” “these / those ones”................................................................... 7
Unit 3 Lesson 1: Present continuous ................................................................................................ 8
Unit 3 Lesson 2: Simple present and present continuous ........................................................... 10
Unit 4 Lesson 1: Present continuous for future plans ................................................................... 11
Unit 4 Lesson 2: Object pronouns ................................................................................................... 12
Unit 5 Lesson 1: Simple past ............................................................................................................ 13
Unit 5 Lesson 2: Simple past negative and questions.................................................................. 15
Unit 6 Lesson 1: “be going to” .......................................................................................................... 16
Unit 6 Lesson 2: Determiners ........................................................................................................... 17

Cambridge University Press & Assessment © 2022 1

Unit 1 Lesson 1: "be”
• The form of the verb be changes when the subject changes.

Affirmative sentences
In affirmative sentences the correct form of be is:
I am
He/She/It is
You/We/They are

Examples:
“I am from Indiana.”
“He/She is my roommate.”
“You/We/They are close friends.”

Negative sentences
In negative sentences the correct form of be is:
I'm not
He’s/She’s/It’s not
You’re/We’re/They’re not
For negative sentences with be you can also use:
He/She/It isn’t
You/We/They aren’t

Examples:
“I'm not from Florida.”
“He's not my classmate.”
“They're not close friends.” / “They aren’t close friends.”

Question and short answers

“Am I late?” / “Yes, I am.” “No, I'm not.”
“Is he from Indiana?” / “Yes, he is.” “No, he isn't.”
“Are they your neighbors?” / “Yes, they are.” “No, they're not.”

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Unit 1 Lesson 1: Possessive adjectives
• Use possessive adjectives when something belongs to someone. Possessive
adjectives show the person or the people who have the thing.

• Possessive adjectives go before a noun.

• Possessive adjectives agree with the person who possesses them:
The subject pronoun is I. The possessive adjective is my.
The subject pronoun is you. The possessive adjective is your.
The subject pronoun is he. The possessive adjective is his.
The subject pronoun is she. The possessive adjective is her.
The subject pronoun is it. The possessive adjective is its.
The subject pronoun is we. The possessive adjective is our.
The subject pronoun is they. The possessive adjective is their.
Examples:
“They're not our coats. Those are their coats.”
“This is a photo of my wife with her parents.”

• The form of the possessive adjective is the same before a singular or a plural
noun.
Example:
“It’s our umbrella. Those are our gloves.”

• You can use the possessive adjectives its or their to refer to things.
Example:
“Where is my phone? I can hear its ringtone!”

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Unit 1 Lesson 2: Possession
• A “possession” is something that belongs to someone. Use possessive adjectives
and possessive pronouns to talk about possessions.

Possessive adjectives
• Possessive adjectives show the person or the people who have the thing. The
possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.

• Possessive adjectives go before a noun. Possessive adjectives agree with the

person who possesses them.

• The form of the possessive adjective is the same before a singular or a plural
noun.

• You can use the possessive adjectives its or their to refer to things.
Examples:
“That’s my grandson’s bag.”
“Are these your gloves?”
“Can I have my gloves, please?”
“They’re not her gloves. They’re his gloves.”

Possessive pronouns
• A pronoun is a noun that is used in place of another noun. The possessive
pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, ours, and theirs.

• Don't use a noun after a possessive pronoun.

Examples:
“No, sorry. It isn’t his. It’s mine.”
“It’s not ours. I think it’s hers.”

• Use whose to ask about possession.

Example:
“Whose water bottle is this?” / “It’s theirs. It belongs to them.”

• A noun plus ‘s also shows possession.

Examples:
"This is my friend's painting."
“That’s Paula’s bag.”

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Unit 2 Lesson 1: Simple present for habits and routines
• Use the simple present tense to talk about habits and routines.
Affirmative sentences
• In affirmative sentences, add -s, -es or -ies to the end of a verb for he, she, and
it.

• Spelling rules for he, she, and it forms of a verb in the simple present:
• For most verbs, add -s (sleeps, runs)
• For verbs that end in -s, -sh, -ch or -x, add -es (relaxes, watches)
• For verbs that end in consonant plus -y, change -y to -i, and add -es (for
example, “study” changes to “studies”; “carry” changes to “carries”)
• Note: be, have, do, and go are irregular (is, has, does, goes)
Examples:
“I do the laundry and the cooking.”
“Julia sleeps six hours a night.”

Negative sentences
• Use don't in negative sentences with I, you, we, or they.
• Use doesn’t in negative sentences with he, she, or it.
Examples:
“My roommate doesn’t do anything.”
“Julia doesn’t need more exercise.”

Questions
In questions with I, you, we, and they, use do.
In questions with he, she, and it, use does.
The question word (what, when, where, who, why, how) goes before do or does.
Examples:
“Do you do the laundry?”
“Does Julia sleep a lot?”
“What does Julia know about her life?”
“How often do you have something to drink?”

Short answers
• Use do/don’t in short answers with I, you, we, or they: Yes, I/you/we/they do.
No, I/you/we/they don’t.
• Use does/doesn’t in short answers with he, she, or it: Yes, he/she/it does. No,
he/she/it doesn’t.

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Examples:
“Do you do the laundry?” / ”Yes, I do.”
“Does Julia sleep a lot?” / ”No, she doesn’t.”

Adverbs of frequency
• Adverbs of frequency include always, never, usually, and sometimes.

• These adverbs go before the verb. If the verb is be, the adverbs go after it.
Examples:
“My day usually starts at 7:00 a.m.”
“I am never late to class.”

Time expressions
• Time expressions, also called time phrases, include:
every day, every evening/week/month
on Monday/the weekend
in the morning/the afternoon/the evening

• These expressions usually go at the end of the sentence.

Example:
“I do the dishes every evening.”

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Unit 2 Lesson 2: “this / that one,” “these / those ones”
• Use this one to talk about a thing (singular) that is near you.

• Use that one to talk about a thing (singular) that is far from you.

• Use these ones to talk about things (plural) that are near you.

• Use those ones to talk about things (plural) that are far from you.
Examples:
“Is that your coffee? The one on the table?” / ”No, this one is my coffee. The one I’m
holding.”
“These headphones don’t work. I can’t hear anything.” / ”You can use those ones on
the shelf.”

• Use this, that, these, and those with or without a noun.

Example:
“This table’s my favorite. This is my favorite table.”

• One and ones replace a noun.

Example:
“This table’s my favorite. This one’s my favorite.”

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Unit 3 Lesson 1: Present continuous
• Use the present continuous for actions that happen right now.
Affirmative
• For affirmative sentences, use am/are/is plus verb plus -ing:
I'm plus verb with -ing
you're plus verb with -ing
he's or she’s plus verb with -ing
we're plus verb with -ing
they’re plus verb with -ing
Examples:
“I’m planting flowers.”
“They’re playing musical instruments.”

Negative
• For negative sentences, use am/are/is plus not plus verb plus -ing:
I'm not plus verb with -ing
you're not plus verb with -ing
he's or she's not plus verb with -ing
we’re not plus verb with -ing
they're not plus verb with -ing
Examples:
“They’re not playing music.”
“We’re not listening.”

Questions and short answers

• To ask a question, use am, are or is before the subject of the sentence:
In questions with I, use am
In questions with he, she, and it, use is
In questions with you, we, and they, use are

• The question word (what, when, where, who, why, how) goes before am, are,
or is.

• You can use short answers to answer:

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren’t.
Examples
"Is Bill helping?"
"What are the kids doing?"
“Are you working hard?” / “Yes, I am.”
“Are you enjoying your free time?” / “No, I’m not.”

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Spelling rules for present continuous verbs
• For verbs that end in -e (for example, have, lose, smile), drop the final -e and add
-ing.
• For verbs that end in consonant – vowel – consonant (for example, win, sit,
run), double the final letter and add -ing.
Examples:
"They're having fun."
"I'm babysitting my brother's kids."

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Unit 3 Lesson 2: Simple present and present continuous
Simple present
• Use the simple present to talk about actions that are generally true or happen
usually.

• Use time expressions like always, sometimes, usually, on the weekend, every
day with the simple present.
Examples:
“I love surprise parties!”
“She always visits her family on the weekend.”
“He comes from Brazil.”

Present continuous
• Use the present continuous to talk about actions that happen at the time of
speaking.

• Use time expressions like at the moment or right now with the present
continuous.
Examples:
“I'm not wearing a jacket, so I'm really cold!”
“They’re watching a game.”
“What is he doing now?”

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Unit 4 Lesson 1: Present continuous for future plans
• The present continuous describes an action in the present. It can also describe
an action planned for the future. Use the present continuous for plans or
arrangements.
Examples:
“We’re going up to the lake.”
“We’re biking up the mountain.”

Time expressions
• You can use time expressions to add information and to make it clear that the
plans are in the future.
Examples:
“I’m going camping this weekend with some friends from work.”
“We’re having a big barbecue tomorrow night.”
“We’re getting up early on Sunday.”

Affirmative sentences
• You can use the present continuous in affirmative sentences.
Example:
“We are biking up the mountain in the morning.”

Negative sentences
• You can use the present continuous in negative sentences.
Example:
“I am not leaving you home alone on your birthday!”

Questions
• You can use the present continuous in questions.
Examples:
“Are you having a barbecue tomorrow night?”
“What are you doing this weekend?”

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Unit 4 Lesson 2: Object pronouns
• A subject pronoun comes before a verb, but an object pronoun comes after the
verb.
Example:
"I gave him some speakers, and he gave me a phone charger."
The subject pronoun is I. The object pronoun is me.
The subject pronoun is you. The object pronoun is you.
The subject pronoun is he. The object pronoun is him.
The subject pronoun is it. The object pronoun is it.
The subject pronoun is she. The object pronoun is her.
The subject pronoun is we. The object pronoun is us.
The subject pronoun is they. The object pronoun is them.

Object pronouns for people

• Use the object pronouns me, you, him, her, us and them to refer to people.
Examples:
“How can I help you?”
“What can we give her?”

Object pronouns for things/objects

• Use the object pronouns it and them to refer to things. Use it for singular objects
and them for plural objects. Use it and them to express opinions with love, like,
and hate.
Examples:
“She always wears it.”
“She’s really allergic to them.”
“Thank you, it’s really beautiful. I really like it!”

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Unit 5 Lesson 1: Simple past
• The simple past is used to talk about past events and feelings.
Affirmative of “be”
• For affirmative statements, the simple past of be is was or were.

• Use was with I, he, she, and it.

• Use were with we, you, and they.

Examples:
"He was in the backyard."
"We were in there all day."

Negative of “be”
• For negative statements, the simple past of be is wasn’t or weren’t.

• Use wasn’t with I, he, she, and it.

• Use weren’t with we, you, and they.

Examples:
“I wasn’t in the kitchen.”
"They weren't here this morning."

Questions with “be”

• For questions, use was or were before the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
“Was she in the living room?”
"Were you in here?"

Regular verbs
• The simple past of regular verbs ends in -ed. The form is the same for all
persons.

• If the verb ends in -e, add -d (like – liked).

• If the verb ends in "consonant, -y," change the -y to -i and add -ed (try – tried).

• If the verb ends in "consonant, vowel, consonant," double the final consonant and
add -ed (stop – stopped).
Examples:
“I cleaned this yesterday!”
“We studied for our exams.”
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“Someone dropped clothes on the floor.”

Irregular verbs
• The simple past of irregular verbs doesn’t end in -ed.
Examples:
“I saw her in the backyard!”
“He came in from the backyard and ran in here.”

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Unit 5 Lesson 2: Simple past negative and questions
Asking questions
• Use did when you ask a question in the simple past. Use did for all subjects. The
main verb in a question is not in the simple past.
Examples:
“Did you break any dishes?”
“Did Zoe feed the cat?”

Negative sentences
• Use didn’t for negative sentences in the simple past. Use didn’t for all subjects.
The main verb in a negative sentence is not in the simple past.
Examples:
“I didn’t break any dishes.”
“She didn’t feed him.”

Answering questions
• To answer a question in the simple past, use:
Yes, (subject) did.
No, (subject) didn’t.
Examples:
“Did you order a large pizza?” / “Yes, he did.”
“Did you drop any food on the couch?” / “No, we didn’t.”

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Unit 6 Lesson 1: “be going to”
• Use be going to to describe a plan or action in the future.

• Use be going to when you are sure about a plan.

Affirmative sentences
• For affirmative sentences, use (Subject) be going to (verb):
I am going to (verb)
you are going to (verb)
he/she/it is going to (verb)
we are going to (verb)
they are going to (verb)
Examples:
"I'm going to shop online for a present for her."
“She’s going to buy a new bike with her birthday money.”
“We’re going to watch some cartoons on TV.”

Negative sentences
• For negative sentences, use (Subject) be not going to (verb):
I am not going to (verb)
you are not going to (verb)
he/she/it is not going to (verb)
we are not going to (verb)
they are not going to (verb)
Examples:
"I'm not going to buy that hat. I decided I don't like it."
“She is not going to go to work.”
“We’re not going to come back next year.”

Questions and short answers

• For questions use: be (subject) going to (verb):
In questions with I, use am
In questions with he, she, and it, use is
In questions with you, we, and they, use are

• The question word (what, when, where, who, why, how) goes before am, are,
or is.

• You can use short answers to answer:

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn't.
Yes, you/we/they are. / No, you/we/they aren’t.
Examples:
“Am I going to save money?”
“Are you going to spend all your money at the mall? / No, I’m not.”
“What are we going to buy?”

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Unit 6 Lesson 2: Determiners
• Use a determiner with a noun to say how much or how many things or people we
are talking about.
• These are determiners:
no, none (this means 0)
some
many
most
all (this means 100 percent)

• When you want to talk about things/people in general, use determiners like no,
some, and many with a plural noun.

• When you want to talk about specific things or people, use determiners like none,
some, and many with of the and a plural noun.

• You can use an object pronoun (for example, them) instead of the noun.

• The determiner no always goes with a noun (not of the plus a noun).
Examples:
"We have many computers."
"Many of them are on sale."
“I go grocery shopping most weekends.”
“I went after work to get some eggs for dinner.”
"No printers are on sale."

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