UNIT 4. - WAVE McTION WORKSHEET PACKET Wave Basics Name: Describing Waves Read from Lesson 2 of the Waves chapter at The Physics Classroom: http:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u1012a.html Itpd/wrw physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/1012b.html py www physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/ul0l2chtml itp f/wwww-physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/ul012d.html MOP Connection: Waves: sublevels 2 and 3 1. A waveis introduced intoa medium B ¥ anda snapshot ofthe medium ata particular instantin time is shown atthe Fight. Several positions along the medium are labeled. Categorize the positions as either crests troughs, Crests: Troughs: Neither: _ 2, The wavelength of the wave in the diagram below is given by letter and the amplitude of the wave in the diagram below is given by letter a 3. _Asine curve that represents a transverse wave isdrawn below, Use the centimeter ruler to measure the wavelength and amplitude of the wave (show tunis) peepee o 12 8 a. Wavelength >. Amplitude = 4, The number of cycles of a periodic wave per unit time is called the wave's 5. Any repeated and periodic motion can be described by a frequency. For instance, the frequency of rotation of a second hand on a lock is a, 1/60 Hz bII2He oc ifaHz 1 Hze. 60 He 6. Apendulum makes 40 Through © wroughout this unit, internalize the meaning, of pe terms such as period, frequency, wavelength and ‘alculate its perio speed. Utilize the meaning of these terms to answer conceptual questions; avoid formula Sip ation © The Physies Classroom, 2009 PAGE 2Wave Basics 7. Olive Udadi accompanies her father to the park for an afternoon of fun. While there, she hops on the siving and begins a motion characterized by a complete back-and-forth cycle every 8.0 seconds, This statement provides info about the child’ a. speed bb frequency period 8. The frequency of Olive's periodic motion (in #7) is a. 020 He bOd0He —¢25Hz a BO He 9, A period of 5.0 seconds corresponds toa frequency of _ Hz. 202 B05 ©. 002 4. 0.08 e. 0.002 10, ‘The period of a 261-Hertz sound wave is 11, Asthe frequency of a wave increases, the period of the wave a. decreases b. increases . remains the same 12, ‘The speed of a wave refers to a. how often it vibrates to and fro. . how high it vibrates. , how much time it takes to vibrate to and fro. d. how fara given point (e.g,,a crest) on the wave travels per unit of time. 13, Write the two equations that can be used to determine the speed of a wave. 14, Macand Tosh are resting on top of the water near the end of the pool when Mac creates a surface wave, The wave travels the length of the pool and back in 25 seconds. The pool is 25 meters long, Determine the speed of the wave. PSYW 15. A fisherman uses a sonic ranger to determine the depth of a lake. The sound waves travel at 1210 m/s through the water and require 0.020 seconds to travel to the lake's bottom and back to the boat How deep is the lake? PSYW 16, The water waves below are traveling with a speed of 3.0 m/s and splashing periodically against the Wilbert’ perch. Each adjacent crest is 6.0 meters apart and splashes Wilbert's feet upon reaching his perch. How much time passes between each successive drenching? ‘Answer and explain using complete sentences ora calculation, © The Physies Classroom, 2009 PAGE 2Wave Basics 4, Asthe wavelength of a wave in a uniform medium increases, its speed will a. decrease b. increase c. remain the same ‘As the wavelength of a wave in a uniform medium increases its frequency will a. decrease increase c. remain the same 6, The speed of a wave depends upon (i.e, is causally effected by) a. the properties of the medium through which the wave travels b. the wavelength of the wave. «. the frequency of the wave. 4. both the wavelength and the frequency of the wave. 7, Awater gun fires 5 squirts per second. The speed £ ‘of the squirts is 15 m/s, C-Gp * 2 5 © a. By how much distance is each consecutive squirt separated? b. What happens to the distance between the squirts ifthe rate of fire is increased? c. Explain how this example is analogous to the relationship between wave frequency and wavelength 8, Whats the speed of a wave that has a frequency of 200 Hz and a wavelength of 0.50 m? PSYW 9. Waves are observed to splash upon the rocks at the shore every 6.0 seconds. The distance measured from crest to Do you have formula adjacent crest is 8.0 m. The distance measured from the fixation? A useful Towest to the highest point on the medium is 10.0 m. test: were you Determine the frequency, wavelength and speed of these successful with waves. PSYW questions #8-112 CAUTION! 10, The period of a wave is 0.0300 seconds. It travels ata velocity of 100 m/s, Determine the frequency and the wavelength of the wave. PSYW 11, A wave having a wavelength of 4.0 meters and an amplitude of 25 meters travels a distance of 24 ‘meters in 8.0 seconds. Determine the frequency and the period of the wave. PSYW 12, Two boats are anchored 7.0 meters apart. They bob up and down, returning to the same up position every 10.0 seconds. The boats rise a vertical distance of 7.0 meters between their lowest and their highest point. When one is up the otheris down, There are never any wave crests between the boats, Determine the period, frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed of the waves. PSYW © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 3.Physics Name From Physics Classroom ~ Review Session, Waves Date Block Basics of Waves Review 41. single disturbance that moves from point to point through a medium is called a__ a. period b. periodic wave c. wavelength 4. pulse 2. If the particles of the medium are vibrating to and fro in the same direction of energy transport, then the wave is a a. longitudinal b. sound c.standing d. transverse 3. When the particles of a medium are vibrating at right angles to the direction of energy transport, then the wave is a wave. b. sound c. standing, d. transverse 4, As a pulse travels though a uniform medium, the speed of the pulse a. decreases b. increases . remains the same 5, The main factor which effects the speed of a sound wave is the __. a. amplitude of the sound wave b. intensity of the sound . loudness of the sound d. properties of the medium . pitch of the sound 6, What Is the amplitude of the wave in the diagram below? et 06am 2, 0.03 m. b.0.04 m. ©.0.05 m. 4.0.06 m. 7. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram above (Question #6) is_m. a. 0.030 b.0,040 0.060 d, 0.080 Consider the following diagram for Questions #8-H9. 8, How many complete waves are shown in the diagram? al b.2 3 a5 9. If the distance from point A to point B in the diagram is 60 cm, then the wavelength is_. a. 20cm. b. 40 em. 60cm, . 90 cm. PAGE410. The number of cycles of a periodic wave occurring per unit time is defined as a wave's, a. wavelength. b. period. c. amplitude. d. frequency. 11. A periodic and repeating disturbance in a lake creates waves which emanate outward from its source to produce circular wave patterns. If the frequency of the source is 2.00 Hz and the wave speed is 5.00m/s then the distance between adjacent wave crests is_meter. 2.0200 .0.400 1.25 4.2.50 e100 112. What is the frequency of a wave that has a speed of 0.4 m/s and a wavelength of 0.020 meter? a, 10 hertz b. 20 hertz ¢. 0.008 hertz. 4.05 hertz. 13. A pendulum makes exactly 40 vibrations in 20.0 s. Its period is__. (Be cautious of the units.) a. 0,500 Hz. b.0.500.. ¢.2.00 He. d. 2.005. @. 8,00 x 10° Hz. 14, A period of 0.005 seconds would be equivalent to a frequency of __Hz. a.20 b.50 ©. 200 4.500 e, 2000 15. TRUE or FALSE: ‘The number of waves generated per second by a source is called the frequency of the source. a. True b. False 16. TRUE or FALSE: ‘The Si unit for frequency is hertz. a. True b. False 17. TRUE or FALSE: Doubling the frequency of a wave source (without altering the medium) doubles the speed of the waves. a.True b. False 48. Ifthe frequency of a wave is doubled and if the speed remains constant, it wavelength is__. a. quartered b. halved. . unchanged. 4. doubled, PAGES19, A Standing wave experiment is performed to determine the speed of waves in a rope. The standing wave pattern shown below is established in the rope. The rope makes exactly 90 complete vibrational cycles in one minute. The speed of the waves is, 4. 360 e540 20. Consider the standing wave pattern shown below. A wave generated at the left end of the medium undergoes reflection at the fixed end on the right side of the medium. The number of antinodes in the diagram is OC”C}COOO) eee eS a3 bs 6 a7 e.12 21. Anode is a point located along the medium where there is always. a.a double crest b.adouble trough c. constructive interference d, destructive interference ea double rarefaction 22, TRUE or FALSE Constructive interference of waves occurs when two crests meet, a.True b. False 23, Which phenomenon is produced when two or more waves passing simultaneously through the same medium meet up with one another? a. refraction b. diffraction c. interference 4d. reflection 24, Two pulses are traveling in opposite directions along the same medium as shown in the diagram at the left. Which diagram below best depicts the appearance of the medium when each pulse meets in the middle? KI EAH PAGE LbPhysies Name Practice - Wave Properties & Wave Behaviors Date dt Speed of a Pulse 1. Ifa pulse moves 10 m in 2 seconds, what is its speed? 2. If the speed of a pulse is 5.5 m/s, how far will it travel in 3 seconds? 3. A pulse has a speed of 4 m/s, How long will it take the pulse to travel 12 m? Principle of Superposition ~ Please draw a picture for the following problems that illustrates the resulting interference of two waves. 4, A trough of amplitude 5 m meets an opposing trough of amplitude 7 m, What is the amplitude at the point where the interference occurs? 5. A crest of amplitude 8 m meets an opposing trough of amplitude 8 m. What is the amplitude at the point where the interference occurs? 6. A crest of amplitude 2 m meets an opposing crest of amplitude 4 m, What is the amplitude at the point where the interference ocours? 7. A trough of amplitude 9 m meets an opposing crest of 6 m. What is the amplitude at the point where the interference occurs? PAGE 7Frequency, Wavelength and Wave Speed 8. A sound wave produced by a clock chime is heard 515 m away 1.50 s later. a) What is the speed of sound of the clock’s chime in air? b) The sound wave has a frequency of 436 Hz. What is its period? ©) What is its wavelength? 9. Ahiker shouts toward a vertical cliff. The echo is heard 4.00 s later and travels a total distance of 1370 m. a) What is the speed of sound of the hiker’s voice in air? b) The wavelength of the sound is 0.750 m, What is its frequency? ©) What is the period of the wave? 10. What is the speed of a wave that has a frequency of 2.50 Hz and a wavelength of 0.600 m? 11. The speed of a transverse wave in a string is 15.0 m/s. Ifa source produces a disturbance (wave) that has a frequency of 5.00 Hz, what is its wavelength? PAGE &Light and Color Name: Light Waves and Matter Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: |tp://www-physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212a.html MOP Connection: Light and Color: sublevel 1 1. Aight wave is an electromagnetic wave which has both an electric and magnetic component associated with it. Electromagnetic waves are often distinguished from mechanical waves. The distinction is based on the fact that electromagnetic waves a. can travel through materials and mechanical waves cannot B. come in a range of frequencies and mechanical waves exist with only certain frequencies . can travel through a region void of matter and mechanical waves cannot d. electromagnetic waves cannot transport energy and mechanical waves can transport energy €. electromagnetic waves have an infinite speed and mechanical waves have a finite speed 2. Consider the diagram below. It represents the beginnings of an electromagnetic spectrum below. Complete the diagram by labeling the following regions: ultraviolet, infrared, x-ray, radio wave, gamma radiation, and microwave radiation. Light Ting & ‘Short & Lowi Hight 3, Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency? 4. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength? 5. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum will travel with the fastest speed? 6, _Itisknown that electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths have a greater ability to bend around obstacles that getin their path. This ability to bend around obstacies is referred to as Giffraction, Electromagnetic waves with strong diffraction properties are used in communication. Which two regions of the spectrum have the greatest ability to diffract? 7. Ibis known that electromagnetic waves with high frequency are more capable of causing damage to the organs of living things. Which two regions of the spectrum have the tendency to cause the greatest damage to humans? © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 4Light and Color Name: Reflection, Transmission and Color Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: ‘up vv. phy sislasroom comClalighfs1a2a Mk 3ttp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/a1212b.html Ihupulworw.physieaclassroom.com/Clasylight/a2I2¢ html 1, Visible light is composed of a range of wavelengths; different wavelengths correspond to different colors. Identify the seven component colors of visible light. 2, Natural philosophers have long pondered the underlying reasons for color in nature. One common historical belief ‘was that colored objects in nature produce small particles (perhaps light particles) that subsequently reach our eyes. Different objects produce different colored particles, thus contributing to their different appearance. Is this belief accurate or not? Justify your answer. "The color thet an opaque abject appersis dependent upon what colon) of ight incident upon the ‘object and the color(s) of light reflected by the object. Express your understanding of this principle by filling in the blanks in the following diagrams. juminated with ROYGBIV Reflects and ‘Appears capable of absorbing ROYBIV Muminated with ae Reflects and ‘Appears —___ \ a Paper capable of absorbing ROYGBIV. © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Muminated vith Reflects ROYGBIV Pefiesti ne cau a Paper capable ‘of absorbing oveBY Mominated with ROYOBIV Reflects ae en Paper capable of absorbing YOBIV PAGE 10Light and Color 4, Two students in the cafeteria are discussing the physics of calor, The students are claiming that ‘white and blaclc are not really colors of light. If white and black are not really colors of light, then what are they? Explain fully. 5, Explain why a red shirt looks red when visible light ("ROY 6, ‘Transparent materials are materials that allow one or more of the colors of visible light to be transmitted through them; whatever color(s) is/are not transmitted by such objects, are typically atworbed by them, The appearanceof a transparent object is dependent upon what colors) of Hight {is/are incident upon the object and what color(s) of light is/are transmitted through the object: Express your understanding of this principle by continuing the arrow(s) for any transmitted color(s) and filling in the blanks in the following diagrams. R R R oO o o ¥ Y ¥ Ss 6 6 B B B 1 1 1 v ¥ v Pigment capable ble of absorbing of absorbing of absorbing Rovelv Roviy YoBIv Appears Appears Appears R R 6 6 B B Pigment capable Pigment ¢: Pigment capable of absorbing of absor! ‘of absorbing R 6 oyGBIv Appears Appears Appears 7, What colox(s) of visible light will a cyan (bluish-green) pair of sunglasses 2... transmit? b. ... absorb or block? © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE W\Light and Color Nam Color Addition and Subtraction Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: Iwww.physicsclassroom.com/Class/tight/u1212d.htmt -http://www-physiesclassroom.com/Class/light/u12I2e.html MOP Connection: Light and Color: sublevels 3 and 4 1, White lightis observed when light of ‘wavelengths strike the retina, 2, Primary colors oflight are three colors of light which when mixed together produce white light. ‘There are many clfferent sets of primary lightcolors. Interestingly enough, the eye contains three pes of color sensors (nerve cells) that sense the entire span of the visible light spectrum. Each of detec types of cals senses range of colors yet they are most sensitive to a speci ight color ‘The most common set of three primary light colors are those that correspond to the three colors that, the nerve cells are most sensitive to. What are these three primary colors? 3. By combining pairs of these three primary colors in equal intensity, one can produce the secondary colors of light. State the pairs and the secondary colors they produce. Then fill in the color wheel to the right & make & make & make 4, Two lights are arranged above a white sheet of paper. When the Ads lights are tured on they illuminate the entire sheet of paper (as, seen in the diagram at the right). Each light bulb emits a primary color of light red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Depending on which primary color of light is used, the paper will appear a different color. Express your understanding of color addition by determining the color that the sheet of paper will appear in the = diagrams below. ~, = RG R B BOG Paper appears Paper appears Paper eppears © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE [2Light and Color 5. Complementary colors of light are combinations of two light colors that can be mixed together in equal intensities to produce white light. Thus, the complementary color of a. «ed light is light ». «green lightis light © blue light is light 6, The Rule of Color Subtraction: An understanding of complementary colors assists in understanding the color appearance of objects when viewed under white light. Whenever an object subtracts a color from white light it appears as the complementary color. IF an object absorbs cyan light then it will appearas red: Conversely, an object that appears as red is an object that absorbs cyan light. Use these ideas to complete the following statements. When viewed under white light (RGB), a. a. «ted shirt will absorb light and reflect light Db. wa green shirt will absorb light and reflect light. «blue shirt will absorb light and reflect light. 4d, cyan shit will absorb light and reflect light. «magenta shirt will absorb light and reflect light. f. .. yellow shirt will absorb light and reflect light 8. ~ black shirt will absorb light and reflect light. 7. Express your understanding of complementary colors and the rule of color subtraction by completing the following tree diagrams, White light red green-bue is shown inedent on a sheet Of paper that ispainted with a pigment that absorbsone of the primary colors of light. For each diagram, label the color of the two reflected colors and label the color that the paper appears. RGB RGB RGB — Ws os \ Absorbs Blue Absorbs Green Absorbs Red Appears Appears Appears 8. Ths malnmtn clr a ite do wih umd nd sh odo ome sesasiest ese Neltonatwocaunse — (® PB light results in a new color. Use the color whee! at the rightand the concept of complementary colors tocomplete the following colar equations. (W white; R=red; G=green; B= blue; C= cyan; 'M= magenta; Y eS yellow) aR+G= bR+B= eG4Be a@R+C=_ eG+M=___ LB+y=__ gW-R= hw-G= iW-Be jwec kW-M= LwW-y=_ mW-R-C= nW-G-B=_ a W-M-G= © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 13Light and Color Name: Viewed in Another Light Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: ttp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212d.html ttp:/www.physiesclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212e. html MOP Connection: Light and Color: sublevel 5 ‘We are accustomed to viewing the world in white light. In effect, the light incident upon the objects we normally view can be simplified as a mixture of red, green and blue light (RGB). But the rules of color addition and subtraction are not limited by the restriction that white light is incident upon the object being viewed. A‘ter all, an objectis often times illuminated by light other than white light. or example, theaters and concerts often illuminate the stage with red light or eyan light or any combination of two oF more light colors. Determining the color appearance of such objects demands that you fist identify what color(s) of incident light will be subtracted (i.e, absorbed), and then deduct the appearance of the object from those colors which are reflected. 1. Inthe diagrams below, several sheets of paper are illuminated by different primary colors of light (R. for red, B for blue, and G for green). Indicate what primary colors of light will be reflected. (Note that red paper is defined as paper that appears red when viewed under white light) Green Paper \ cyan Paper\, ee as Se Sy Sle wy ; \cuanpner\ ctiew ane \ pene Pape SB — RG — BG — Light Quant a ‘How Paper Magenta Pape: Fragenta Paper, 2, Different color light sources are shone on different colored sheets of paper. Consider which colors of light would reflect off the paperin order to determine the color thats observed. ; Tight color Paper color Colorobsewed a Yellow Green b Magenta Blue « Cyan Red a Yellow Cyan e. Magenta Green £ Cyan Magenta © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE I+Light and Color Name: a Pigments and Paints Read from Lesson 2 of the Light Waves and Color chapter at The Physics Classroom: Ittp:/www-physicsclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212d.html http:/www-physiesclassroom.com/Class/light/u1212e.html Light and Color: sublevels 6,7, and 8 MOP Connecti 1. Aprimary pigment or paints chemical dye thats imparted to an object and i eapabie of absorbing a srigle primary color of light, The three primary pigments are cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (1) By mixing these colors an ais can create any color by only having tee diferent Colors of punt. Lit the coor of hight that is absorbed by each ofthe prmary paints Magenta absorbs __ Cyan absorbs Yellow absorbs _ 2, What paint colors could be used to paint a boy if he has pink (magenta) skin, blue jeans, a blue and yellow sweater, a black and white baseball cap, cyan socks anid red sneakers? (Now that's “styling ”) Colors Paint Colors Pink skin Blue jeans Yellow part of sweater Black part of sweater ~__ Black part of eap White part of cap Cyan socks - Red sneakers 3. Suppose that you andl a friend are starting to geta litle carried away with your enthusiasm for the physics of color (a very understandable situation). Rather than seeking professional help, you begin Liscussing the colors of your favorite NF. team's uniforms in terms of the primary pigments that have been imparted to each item. What pigment colors must be imparted to each part of a uniform for i to appear as shown in the table below? Uniform Part | Color Appearance | Imparted Pigments | Helmet Yellow Shirt | __-Blue Pants Yellow Socks White Shoes Black & 4. Color printers use the three primary pigments as ink cotors in order to produce the range of colors on a colored image. Baxter Nachur recently Completed his science report on the Birds of Brazil. ‘The image at the right ‘was included on his cover page. Identify the pigments which were used by the printer to create the a. so red wings: b. yan breast €. sblue body: do green til: © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE IFUnit 1 - Wave Basics: Problem Set Name __ — Problem 1: Jerome and Claire are doing the Period of a Pendulum Lab. They observe that a pendulum makes exactly 10 complete back land forth cycles of motion in 21.8 seconds. Determine the period of the pendulum. Problem 2: Strong winds can apply a significant enough force to tall skyscrapers to set them into a back-and-forth motion. The amplitudes of these motions are greater at the higher floors and barely observable for the lower floors. It is said that one can even observe the vibrational motion of the Sears Tower in Chicago on a windy day. As the Sears Tower vibrates back ‘and forth, it makes about 8.6 vibrations in 60 seconds. Determine the frequency and the period of vibration of the Sears Tower. Problem 3: The spin rate of a CD-ROM varies according to the location on the disc from where data is being accessed. When accessing data from the inner circles of the disc, the CD can spin at a rate as high as 400 revolutions per minute. Determine the frequency (in Hertz) and the period (in seconds) of the spinning CD. Problem 4: Like all planets, the planet Venus orbits the Sun in periodic motion and simultaneously spins about its axis. Just as on Earth, the time to make one complete orbit (i.e., the period of orbit) is what defines a year. And the time to make one complete revolution about its axis (i,e., the period of rotation) is what defines a day. The period of orbit for the Earth is 365.25 days and the period of rotation is 24 hours (1.00 day). But when these same values for Venus are expressed relative to Earth, it is found that Venus has a period of orbit of 225 days and a period of rotation of 243 days. So for Venus inhabitants, a day would last longer than a year! Determine the frequency of orbit and the frequency of rotation (in Hertz) on Venus. Problem 5: Extreme waves along ocean waters, sometimes referred to as freak waves of roque waves, are a focus of much research and study among scientists. Several merchant ships reports rogue waves which are estimated to be 25 meters high and 26 meters long, Assuming that these waves travel at speeds of 6.5 m/s, determine the frequency and the period of these waves. Problem 6: ‘Tsunamis are much different than rogue waves. While rogue waves and other waves are generated by winds, tsunamis originate from geological events such as movements of tectonic plates. Tsunamis tend to travel very fast. A tsunami generated off the coast of Chile in 1990 is estimated to have traveled approximately 6200 miles to Hawaii in 15 hours. Determine the speed in mi/hr and m/s. (Given: 1.0 m/s = 2.24 mi/hr) Problem A geological disturbance in California produces seismic waves which are detected in Phoenix, approximately 990 km from the epicenter. If the waves travel 6.3 km/s, determine the time delay between the disturbance and the detection. Problem Microbats use echolocation to navigate and hunt. They emit pulses of high frequency sound waves which reflect off obstacles. ‘and objects in their surroundings. By detecting the time delay between the emitted pulse and the return of the reflected pulse, a bat can determine the location of the object. Determine the time delay between the sending of a pulse and the return of its reflection from an object located 12.5 m away. Approximate the speed of the sound waves as 345 m/s. PAGE IbProblem 9: Logan, Cassie and Abbey are doing the Pulse Speed Lab. Logan and Cassie stand 6.8 m apart and stretch a zine-colled snakey between them. Logan introduces a pulse into the snakey at his end. Using a stopwatch, Abbey measures that it takes 15.1 seconds for the pulse to travel to Cassie's end and back two times. They then repeat the experiment with a copper-coiled snakey stretched the same distance and find that pulses travel back and forth two times in 16.9 seconds. a. Determine the speed of the pulse In the zinc-colled snakey. b. Determine the speed of the pulse in the copper-colled snakey. Problem 10: Sach! Is rock'n to her favorite radio station - 102.3 FM. The station broadcasts radio signals with a frequency of 1.023 x 10° Hz, The radio wave signal travel through the alr at a speed of 2.997 x 10° m/s. Determine the wavelength of these radio Problem 11: A transverse wave Is observed to be moving along a lengthy rope. Adjacent crests are positioned 2.4 m apart. Exactly six crests are observed to move past a given point along the medium in 9.1 seconds. Determine the wavelength, frequency and speed of these waves. Problem 12: A marine weather station detects waves which are 9.28 meters long and 1.65 meters high and travel a distance of 50.0 meters in 21.8 seconds. Determine the speed and the frequency of these waves. Problem 13: Humpback whales are known to produce a collection of elaborate and repeating sounds with frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 10 kHz, The sound waves travel through water at speeds of approximately 1400 m/s. Determine the wavelengths of the waves at the lower and the upper end of this frequency range. Problem 14: ‘A wave Is traveling in a rope. The diagram below represents a snapshot of the rope at a particular instant in time. Determine the number of wavelengths which is equal to the horizontal distance between points Cand E on the rope. Cand K on the rope. Aand J on the rope. B and F on the rope. D and H on the rope. E and I on the rope. Problem 15 (challenge): Ryan and Carson attended their church's youth retreat at Camp Paradise this past fall. On Saturday afternoon they took a walk out to the harbor and watched incoming waves from Lake Michigan rock the boating piers up and down. Ryan and Carson observed that the piers made a complete up and down vibration cycle in 6.6 seconds. The piers were positioned a distance of 24 meters apart. When one pier was at a high position, the neighboring pier was at a low position and there was exactly one wave crest between them. Determine the wavelength, frequency and speed of the waves. PAGE 17Problem 16 (challenge): Nick and Kara were lounging on rafts in the shallow waters of the beach at Lake Bluebird. They were spaced 1.8 meters apart. A motor boat zoomed past creating ripples which traveled towards Nick and Kara. Nick and Kara's rafts began to bob up and down as the ripples passed by them, making exactly 4 up and down cycles in 8.4 seconds. When Nick's raft was at high point, Kara's raft was at a low point and there were no crests between their boats. Determine the wavelength, frequency and speed of the ripples Assume that the ripples traveled in a direction parallel to the Imaginary line connecting the two rafts. Problem 17: A wave with a frequency of 12.3 Hz is traveling from left to right across a rope as shown in the diagram at the right Positions A and B in the dlagram are separated by a horizontal distance of 42.8 cm. Positions C and D in the diagram are separated by a vertical distance of 12.4 cm. Determine the amplitude, wavelength, period and speed of this wave. Problem 18: ‘ ‘A rope is held tightly and shook until the standing wave pattern shown in the diagram at the right Is established within the rope. The distance A in the diagram Is 3.27 meters. The speed at which waves move along the rope is 2.62 m/s. a. Determine the frequency of the waves creating the standing wave pattern, b. Determine the number of vibrational cycles which would be measured in 20.0 seconds, Problem 19: Anna Litical ties @ rope to a tree, stands 7.2 m away, and vibrates the rope up and down with 28 | complete cycles in 5.0 seconds. The resulting standing wave pattern is shown in the diagram at the bm right. Use this information and the diagram to determine the amplitude, wavelength, frequency and speed Problem 20: In the Standing Wave Lab, lab partners Chloe and Paige adjust the frequency of a mechanical oscillator in order to vibrate a 1.38 m length of elastic cord at one of its harmonic frequencies. The cord vibrates with the pattern shown below when the frequency is set to 79.4 Hz. Determine the speed of the waves in the elastic cord Problem 21: In a physics demonstration, Mr. H establishes a standing wave pattern in a snakey by vibrating it up and down with 32 vibrations in 10 seconds. Gerald Is holding the opposite end of the snakey and Is standing 6.2 m from Mr. H's end. There are four equal length sections in the snakey, each occupied by an antinode. Determine the frequency, wavelength and speed of the wave. Problem 22 (challenge): \ Gillian drives down Lake Avenue and observes an odd vibrational pattern of her car antenna. She observes It vibrating back and forth in the manner shown at the right. There is an antinode at its free end and a node at the location where the antenna mounts to the car. Vibrations travel through the 86 cm tall antenna at 5.0 x 10° m/s. Determine the frequency of vibrations of the antenna. Pace 18Problem 23: ‘Anna Litical and Stan Dingwaives are holding an elastic cord between them. Using a 1.6 meter long rope, they create a wave which travels at 2.4 m/s and has a frequency of 1.5 Hz. What would be the new wavelength and speed if they double the frequency of vibration of the cord? Problem 24: A standing wave pattern is established in a 246-cm long rope. A snapshot of the rope at a given moment in time is shown in the diagram below. Vibrations travel within the rope at speeds of 22.7 m/s. Determine the frequency of vibration of the rope. Problem 25 (challenge): A standing wave is established in a snakey as shown in the diagram at the right, The distance from point A to point B is known to be 4.69 meters. When not being vibrated as a standing A wave, a single pulse introduced into the medium at point A will travel to the opposite end and back in 2.70 seconds. Determine the vibrational frequency of the wave pattern. Problem 26: A 144 cm long rope undergoes exactly 64 complete vibrational cycles in 17.6 seconds when vibrating in the third harmonic (in three equal-length sections). Determine the speed of the waves in the rope. Problem 27: In a physics lab, a rope is observed to make 240 complete vibrational cycles in 15 seconds. The length of the rope Is 2.8 meters and the measurements are made for the 6th harmonic (with six equal length sections). Determine the speed of the waves in the rope. Problem 28: Winston and Michal hold opposite ends of a stretched rope. Winston introduces a 68-cm tall upward-displaced pulse on his ‘end while Michal simultaneously introduces a 42-cm tall upward-displaced pulse on his end. The two pulses meet In the middle of the rope. ‘a. What Is the resultant displacement of the rope when they completely overlap? b. What would be the resultant displacement of the rope if Michal's pulse was displaced downward? Problem 29: During a classroom demonstration, Mr. H uses a wave machine donated to the schoo! by Bell Telephone Company. The wave machine consists of two 1-meter length sections of 50 steel rods. The steel rods are connected to each other so that when the first rod is disturbed from a rest position, the disturbance travels along the medium from rod to rod. One of the sections, consists of longer steel rods; disturbances move at 20 cm/s in this section. The other section consists of shorter steel rods; disturbances move at 80 cm/s in this section. Mr. H connects the two sections together so that pulses can cross the boundary from one section to the other. He introduces a pulse with a length of 10 cm into the slower section, Determine the length of this pulse when it crosses the boundary into the faster section.Sound and Music Name: ‘The Nature of Sound Waves Read from Lesson I of the Sound and Music chapter at The Physics Classroom: Ittp:/fwww.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/ul Itta.htm! httpy/swww physiesclassroom.com/Class/sound/ulI1b.html hp//www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/utiHtc.html MOP Connection: Sound and Music: sublevel 1 ‘TRUE ot FALSE: Identify the following statements as being either true (T) or false (F), Tork? 1, Sound waves are longitudinal waves. 2. As the teacher talks, students hear the voice because particles of air move from the ‘mouth of the teacher to the ear of the student. Sound waves are mechanical waves. 4, All sound waves are produced by a vibrating object Assound wave does not consist of erests and troughs. 6. Macis talking to Kate. The dot at A represents a particle of air. Describe the motion tht this particle t must undergo in order for Kate to hear Mac. Then show the motion by placing arrows on the diageam. 7. Toshis holding one end of a slinky; the opposite encl is attached toawall. Tosh wishes to produce a longitudinal wave inthe slinky. Deseribe how Tosh must move his hand in order to produce a longitudinal wave. Then place arrows on the diagram to show the way in which Tosh must move his hand. 8. Asound wave is moving through air. The diagram below represents a snapshot of the air particles at a given instant in time. Several regions are labeled with a letter. Use the leiters to identify the compressions and rarefactions. Compressions: Rarefactions’ 9. A science fiction film depicts inhabitants of one spaceship (in outer space) hear the sound of a nearby spaceship as it 2ooms past at high speeds. Critique the physics ofthis film. © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 20‘Sound and Music Properties of Sound Waves Read from Lesson 2 of the Sound and Music chapter at The Physics Classroom: ttp:/www-physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u1112a.html http: www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u1112b.html bttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u112c.html MOP Connectio: Sound and Music: sublevel 2 Review: Match the following wave quantities to the mini-definition, Place the letter in the blank. ‘A.Frequency —_B. Period . Speed D. Wavelength E. Amplitude 1. How fast the wave moves through the medium, How long the wave is. How much time it takes the particles to complete a vibrational cycle. 2 3. How often the particles vibrate about their fixed position, 4 5 . How far the particles vibrate away from their resting position. 6. Asound wave with its characteristic pattern of compressions and rarefactions is shown below. A centimeter ruler is included below the pattern. The wavelength of this sound wave is___ em, eee eee eee eee 7. The pitch of a sound is directly related to the of the sound wave. a. frequency ’. wavelength © speed . amplitude 8. High pitched sounds have relatively large___and small a. period, wavelength B. speed, period ©. frequency, wavelength 4. period, frequency ©. amplitude, wavelength E amplitude, speed 9. Asthe frequency of a sound increases, the wavelength and the period a. increases, decreases . decreases, increases €. increases, increases d. decreases, decreases 10. A sound wave is described as being 384 waves/s, This quantity describes the wave's a. frequency ’, period «. speed d. wavelength 11. The speed of a sound wave depends upon the __. a. frequency of the wave 'B, wavelength of the wave © amplitude of the wave a. properties of the medium through which it moves 12, Ifa person yells (as opposed to whispering), then it will cause 4 air molecules to vibrate more frequently. b. the sound wave to travel faster ¢. air molecules to vibrate with greater amplitude 13. Ifa person yells (as opposed to whispering), then it will cause a. the pitch of the sound to be higher b: the speed of the sound to be faster ©: the loudness ofthe sound to be louder © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 2)Sound and Music Nai ‘The Speed of Sound Read from Lesson 2 of the Sound and Music chapter at The Physics Classroom: bttp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/ut112chtml 1. When the C4 key on a piano keyboard is pressed, a string inside the piano is struck by a hammer and begins vibrating back and forth at approximately 260 cycles per second. a. Whatis the frequency in Hertz of the sound wave? , Assuming the sound wave moves with a velocity of 345 m/s, what is the wavelength of the wave? PSYW 2, Anautomatic focus camera is able to focus on objects by use of an ultrasonic sound wave. The camera sends out sound waves that reflect off distant objects and return to the camera. A sensor detects the time it takes for the waves to return and then determines the distance an object is from the camera. Ifa sound wave (speed = 345 m/s) returns to the camera 0.115 seconds after leaving the camera, how far away is the object? PSYW 3, Miles Tugo is camping in Glacier National Park. In the midst of a glacier canyon, he makes a loud holler. The sound (v = 345 m/s) ounces off the nearest canyon wall (which is located 170 meters away from Miles) and returns to Miles. Determine the time elapsed between when Miles makes the holler and the echo is heard, PSYW imo ) 4. Suppose that sound travels at a speed of 345 m/s on the evening of a thunderstorm. There isa lightning strike some distance from your home. ‘The light reaches you nearly immediately. Yet the thunder is heard 3.5 seconds later. How many miles from your home did the lightning strike? (1609 meters = 1 mile) PSYW 5. Armale voealist with a bass voice can sing as low as 85 Hz. Given that the speed of sound is 345 m/s, whatis the wavelength of the sound waves? PSYW 6. A female vocalist with a soprano voice can sing as high as 1000 Hz. Given that the speed of sound is 345 m/s, what is the wavelength of the sound # aver? Ea (oN . © The Physics Classroom, 2009 PAGE 22