The increasingly developed science means that couples

who have a child will be fulfilled their wish to have

children through a medical technology called In-Vitro-
Fertilization.
What is the issue regarding the new technology that
allows ‘three parent babies’?
Firstly, the term of IVF is explained as a procedure, used
to overcomes arrange of fertility issues by which an egg
and sperm are joined together outside the body, in a
specialized laboratory. The fertilized egg (embryo) is
allowed to grow in a protected environment for some days
before being transferred into the women’s uterus.
Moreover, through this modern technology, scientists
improve “three babies technology” regarding the IVF
technology to help the couples who unfortunately got
the Mitochondria disease or other disease that made
the mother is unable conceive in the womb. The
technology “three baby parents” is called pronuclear
transfer and involves fertilizing both the mother’s egg and
a donor egg with the father’s sperm. When the fertilized
eggs start dividing into early stage embryos and replaced
by that from the mother’s fertilized egg. Along the
personal perspective of John Jin Zhang, is a medical
scientist who has made important contributions in fertility
research and particularly in IVF and his colleagues at the
New Hope Fertility Centre in New York states that when
the scientist destroying embryos and used a male embryo
so that the resulting child wouldn’t pass on any inherited
mitochondrial DNA.
How does Scientist think that mitochondrial disease
infects individuals
However, the question is raised that why scientists prove
the form of “three babies” or “birth from the genes of
three people” as mention above. The reason is
Mitochondrial disease will cause serious consequences
and complications in the human body, especially pregnant
women. This disease will cause the foetus to die only a
few hours after birth and cause serious damage to the
nervous system. A typical case is Sharon Bernadi, is a
pregnant women in UK, was seven times pregnant but the
baby died within hours of a genetic disease which is also
known as Mitochondrial disease.
Nevertheless, this disease is difficult to diagnose because
the ration of healthy to unhealthy mitochondria can also
vary greatly from cell to cell and organ to organ and that
is explain to how severely mitochondrial disease can
strike each person. All of these are the reason why the
scientist often has the difficulty in finding the
Mitochondria disease in a person. Symptoms may be
absent in healthy people who have silent genetic defects
or can be complex and multiple in a person with advanced
disease.

How is mitochondrial disease different to other genetic

disease?
Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes
in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that
lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria. Otherwise, other
genetic disease is caused by a change or mutation in DNA
sequence.(1)
(1) www. rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
What are some other factors (social, ethical, legal, and
economic) that must be considered by Scientists, and the
global community, when thinking about the ethical
implications of the ‘three parent baby’ IVF technology.
“Three parent baby” technology raises ethical and
biological problems about the life of everything in
religion. In religions that do not allow artificial
conception, even with infant. Moreover, the enormous
cost to perform this technology is also one of the biggest
obstacles for the medical industry in developing countries.
In addition, the distribution of the population in the
countries of the world is currently uneven. When this
technology is approved by the government in
overpopulation countries such as China or India, the
overpopulation situation more worsen. In legal system,
IVF technology as well as “three parent baby” technology
still raised many arguments between professionals and
governments. This is evidenced by opinion of Dr.
Rappaport “Mitochondrial donation and designer babies
are scientifically and legally worlds apart” or other his
quote is “Mitochondrial donation is not and cannot be
used for, deliberately modifying physical traits”(2)
In other hand, in terms of medicine, most of the leading
doctor’ experts agree with this modern technology. This is
evidenced by the approval of many professionals in UK
including Prof. Paul Knoepler, of the University of
California. He claimed that “I do believe that legalizing
and using this technology in humans, which clearly would
produce genetically modified humans, is a step closer to
designer babies” (3)
(2), (3) https://www.google.com.medicalnewstoday
What is an example of scientific evidence that has
been collected around IVF technology? Who
collected this information and how did it improve
the general understanding of how IVF technology
works?
Firstly, IVF technology was first discovered and
tested on mammal eggs and then develop as normal
in a test tube (is also known as in vitro). Over 25
years later, the experiment was successful and the
expected results were that the egg formed a rabbit.
This is also considered as the first premise for
scientists to continue researching more about this
technology and opening up an increasingly advanced
medicine. However, at the time, the documented
research paper of this experiment was not available.
Until 1970s, the official research program on
artificial insemination(4) was organized in
cooperation between Monash University and the
University of Melbourne at Queen Victoria Hospitals.
All of these evidences are collected through the
situation of Lesley Brown, a patient of primary
infertility secondary to tubal occlusion(5). She
underwent laparoscopic egg retrieval without using
medications to stimulate her ovaries, and later
transferred back into the uterus. Finally, her daughter
Louise Brown is a result of the first live birth
successful from IVF.
(4) Artificial insemination: the injection of semen into the
vagina or uterus by means of a syringe or the like
rather than by sexual intercourse

Develop a statement that explains why the

development of this technology is seen as a crucial
step in medical research, in both the UK and global
scientific community. Include at least one scientific
and one social argument in your response.