İNGİLİZCE

SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ DENEME TESTİ 5

1. Bu sınavda 80 soru vardır.
2. Bu sınav için verilen toplam cevaplama süresi 150 dakikadır.
3. Cevaplamaya, istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz.
4. Bu sınavın değerlendirilmesi doğru cevap sayısı üzerinden
yapılacak, yanlış cevaplar dikkate alınmayacaktır. Bu nedenle, her
soruda size en doğru görünen cevabı işaretleyerek cevapsız soru
bırakmamanız yararınıza olacaktır.

1.- 18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan

yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi
bulunuz.

1. If he ___ with this rare congenital disease at 3. Thomas recovered easily from the aesthetic
this early age, treatment ___ less as children usually ___.
successful.
w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

A) have done B) did

A) hasn't been diagnosed / had been C) do D) are doing
B) weren't diagnosed / was E) will do
C) wouldn't be diagnosed / will be
D) hadn't been diagnosed / would have been
E) isn't diagnosed / has been

2. On a submarine what wears you down is 4. ___ drugs to healthy people to prevent
the ruthless responsibility of ___ part of a illness ___ before, but has never been tried
small team where everyone ___ total trust in on a large scale.
everyone else.
A) To be given / would be proposed
A) being / has to put B) To give / is being proposed
B) to have been / had to put C) To have given / was being proposed
C) having been / is to put D) Having given / was proposed
D) to be / is putting E) Giving / has been proposed
E) having to be / had to put
5. By the time Heisted died in 1922, surgeons 8. It is as if children with serious diseases
he ___ at The Memorial ___ his ideas and lose their childhood ___ they have to grow
techniques right across the country. up quickly.

A) was training / would be disseminating A) so that B) whereas

B) has trained / disseminated C) until D) while
C) trained / have disseminated E) as
D) had trained / were disseminating
E) would have trained / will disseminate

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m

6. A great effort is presently being made to 9. His criticism of the ancient Greeks is mostly
document the chaotic relationships ___ the ___ their reluctance to back up theories
malaria parasite, mosquitoes and people. with experiments.

A) through B) for A) on account of B) in case of

C) between D) over C) according to D) in spite of
E) across E) compared with

7. Low-dose aspirin is often given ___ patients 10. Naturally, ___ science can provide evidence
___ risk of heart attack. of the physical harm done to a neglected
young brain ___ money will be poured into
A) towards / off B) to / at preventing the neglect in the first place.
C) by / to D)with / for
E) in / from A) more / even so
B) the more / the more
C) either / or
D) so / as
E) as if / so
11. Once blood enters a capillary network, it is 15. Many people who get cancer sores get them
under ___ high pressure, ___ some plasma ___, perhaps more than once a year.
is forced out of the capillaries and then into
the tissues. A) entirely B) sensitively
C) painfully D) repeatedly
A) as / that E) scarcely
B) quite / in case
C) rather / so
D) such / so as
E) so / hence

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
12. The development of each organ in the body 16. Airway inflammation is a pivotal fact in the
is regulated by a great number of genes ___ development of asthma and appears to ___
interact in complex ways. its severety.

A) that B) when A) target B) determine

C) as D) so that C) undermine D) obstruct
E) even though E) encourage

13. Biochemical engineers are major players in 17. Patients seeking to ___ scars have several
the great biomedical ___ that lie ahead options in accordance with the depth of the
including the preparation of an HIV vaccine. scar.

A) ingredients A) look out for

B) consultancies B) make do with
C) components C) get rid of
D) challenges D) turn down
E) options E) throw up

14. The malaria parasite is a much more ___ 18. APTSD sufferer often feels emotionally
and devious opponent than we ever numb and ___ the people closest to him.
thought.
A) puts up with
A) preferable B) relative B) cuts off from
C) reliable D) indefinite C) makes up to
E) dangerous D) comes up with
E) runs out of
 19. - 23. sorularda paragrafta boş bırakılan 24.–35. sorularda verilen cümleyi en uygun
cümlelere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
bulunuz.

Scientists have suspected for years that the vibrant 24. When the idea of the polypill was first
colours and flashy features of male birds show their introduced, ___.
prospective mates that they are fit and healthy.
Today, researches have (19) ___ the theory, by A) people just didn't know how to react
connecting the brightness of the beak colour in B) it seems like a revolutionary step forward
zebra finches (20) ___ the health of their immune C) risk factors will only pick out those at
systems. The secret (21) ___ chemicals called highest risk
carotenoids. (22) ___ are the red and yellow D) the results of proper trials may tell a
pigments found in the beaks of (23) ___ species, different story
including male zebra finches and black birds. E) it certainly deserves to be given the
chance of a clinical trial
19. A) exhausted
B) disproved
C) reduced

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
25. ___ that keeps cells in their exact place and
D) determined clamps a lid on their growth.
E) confirmed
A) The study of cancer has always been a
frustrating line of work
B) The new wave of progress started with an
explosion in the availability of genomic
data
C) Every cancer represents a failure of the
20. A) over systems
B) with D) Antibody-based therapies have an
C) for inherent limitation
D) into E) Several antibody treatments are showing
E) through promise in clinical trials

26. Before allergic rhinitis and asthma became

widespread, ___.
21. A) belongs to
B) refers to A) the link between the two disorders was
C) leaves out not suspected
D) lies in B) very little research is being conducted in
E) links with this field
C) they also suffer more debilitating chest
symptoms
D) these people are at high risk of developing
the latter
E) the degree of inflammation should also
22. A) Such have been taken into consideration
B) Some
C) Any
D) What
E) These 27. Although cloned horses are now banned
from competing in top races, ___.

A) some people in the industry believe the

ban will soon be lifted
B) the world's first cloned horse could be
23. A) which born any day now
B) both C) various groups had been struggling for
C) certain years to clone horses
D) the D) it seemed the obstacles had been
E) a overcome
E) the big question was whether cloned
horses could be healthy
28. Although the brain accounts for just one- 32. Primates have good visual discrimination in
fiftieth of our body weight, ___. all lighting conditions ___.

A) the lower brain is responsible for A) though the retina has lined the inside of
instinctive behaviour the eyeball
B) it consumes about a fifth of our oxygen B) unless its cells are full of melanin granules
and glucose supplies C) after early mammals were able to
C) brain weight doubles during the first year generate their own body heat
of life D) because they have a duplex retina
D) mental decline is only inevitable with E) though their cone photometers would
actual brain disease adapt to the surrounding brightness
E) the brain has an organic logic all of its
own

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
29. As the prime goal of evolution was to make 33. ___, it may contribute towards the spread of
us fit for reproduction, ___. several kinds of diseases.

A) even the tissues of the heart deteriorate A) As long as the coins remain warm in the
with age pocket
B) this would involve resetting our biological B) Unless action had been taken to stop the
clocks spread of bacteria
C) it might have been possible to extend our C) Until the metallic odour of the coins finally
life spans by fasting disappeared
D) aging is an even more relentless process D) Since money, coins and notes alike, is
E) it did not select for longevity passed from hand to hand
E) Once the source of the disorder had been
recognized

30. Unfortunately, lots of parents fail to

anticipate ___. 34. Damage to this certain part of the brain
produces a peculiar syndrome ___.
A) how risks change as their child grows
older A) these patients remain able to write words
B) that so many injuries to children were but unable to read them back
preventable B) if it relates to the visual form of a word but
C) even when they are in familiar not its meaning
surroundings C) which is known as "pure alexia"
D) since injuries are a leading cause of death D) because this appeared to be the
among infants under one year of age consequence of difficulties in learning to
E) whether medical help was actually called read, not the cause
for E) though it is responsible for the earliest
stages of reading

31. ___ that will kill a range of cancer cells but 35. The first spread of SARS in southern China
leave healthy cells healthy. stopped abruptly ___.

A) The results were discouraging A) that a hot environment is not suitable

B) The first step is to determine its molecular B) as soon as the weather began to warm up
structure C) though distinguishing between SARS and
C) At this stage testing should not be influenza proved problematic
discontinued D) unless transmission is due to people
D) The research team remains passionate touching contaminated surfaces
about the possibilities E) so one was at risk of picking up SARS
E) What they are hoping to find is a drug after admission to hospital
 36.–38. sorularda verilen Türkçe cümlenin
İngilizce dengini bulunuz.

36. Down sendromu, 45 yaş ve üzeri annelerin 38. Patates fazla miktarlarda ve düzenli olarak
çocuklarında, 19 yaşın altındaki annelerin yendiği ülkelerde önemli bir C vitamini
çocuklarındakinden 100 kez daha sık kaynağıdır, fakat bu Türkiye için doğru
görülür. değildir.
A) The probability of having offspring with A) The potato is an important source of
Down syndrome is 100 times greater vitamin C in countries where it is eaten
among women of 45 or older than it is regularly and in large quantities, but this is
among 1 9-year-olds. not true for Turkey.
B) Once a woman reaches the age of 45 she B) Although the potato provides an adequate
is 100 times more probable to have a child amount of vitamin C in countries where it
with Down syndrome than she was before is eaten frequently and in large amounts,

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
she was 19 years of age. this is not what happens in Turkey.
C) After the age of 45, a woman is 100 times C) In these countries, where people eat
more likely to have an offspring with Down potatoes on a regular basis and in large
syndrome than she was before she amounts, they are an important source of
reached the age of 19. vitamin C, but unfortunately this is not the
D) Down syndrome appears 100 times more case in Turkey.
often in the offspring of mothers who are D) Only when potatoes are eaten regularly
45 years of age or older than in the and in large quantities can one regard
offspring of mothers who are under 19 them as a good source of vitamin C, but
years of age. not in Turkey.
E) After a woman is 45 years old, the E) In Turkey, only a negligible amount of
probability of her offspring having Down vitamin C comes from potatoes, but in
syndrome is 100 times greater than it is countries where they are eaten on a
for a woman under 19. regular basis and in large quantities the
amount is significant.

39.–41. sorularda verilen İngilizce cümlenin

Türkçe dengini bulunuz.

37. Hali hazırda pek çok engelin aşılması

39. Compared with the ape skeleton, skeleton
gerekse de, birtakım hastalıkların genetik
of the human possesses distinct
tedavileri gelişme sürecindedir veya klinik
differences that reflect our ability to stand
uygulamalarla hastalar üzerinde
erect and walk on two feet.
denenmektedir.
A) Maymun iskeletiyle karşılaştırılırsa görülür
A) Although many difficulties still remain,
ki insan iskeletinin ayakta dik durmak
gene therapies have been developed for a
kadar iki ayak üzerinde yürümemizi de
number of diseases and many more are
sağlayan önemli özellikleri vardır.
being tested on patients in clinical trials.
B) Maymun iskeletiyle karşılaştırıldığında,
B) Gene therapies for several diseases are
insan iskeleti, ayakta dik durma ve iki
being developed or tested on patients in
ayak üzerinde yürüme yeteneğimizi
clinical trials, but many obstacles must still
yansıtan belirgin farklılıklara sahiptir.
be overcome.
C) İnsan iskeleti, maymun iskeletinden farklı
C) Once these difficulties have been
olarak, bizim hem ayakta durma hem de
overcome, gene therapies for a number of
iki ayak üzerinde yürüme yeteneğimizi
diseases can be developed and even
yansıtan önemli niteliklere sahiptir.
tested on patients in clinical trials.
D) Maymun iskeletiyle insan iskeleti
D) Gene therapies for a variety of diseases
arasındaki belirgin farklılıklardan biri,
have been developed and are being
ayakta dik durma ve iki ayak üzerinde
tested on patients in clinical trials to find
yürüme yeteneğimizle ilgilidir.
out what obstacles, if any, remain.
E) İnsan iskeletiyle maymun iskeleti
E) Though many obstacles must still be
karşılaştırıldığında görülür ki ayakta dik
overcome, gene therapies for a number of
durma ve iki ayak üzerinde yürüme
diseases are undergoing development or
yeteneği insan iskeletinin sahip olduğu
are being tested on patients in clinical
önemli farklılıklardandır.
trials.
40. Computed tomography isn't often used in
42.–46. sorularda parçada boş bırakılan yere
diagnosing heart disease; but, it determines
uygun düşen cümleyi bulunuz.
structural abnormalities of the heart.

A) Kalpteki yapısal bozuklukları ortaya 42. Streptococci are found in the mouth as well
çıkaran bilgisayarlı tomografi, kalp as in the digestive tract of humans and
hastalıklarının teşhisinde pek some other animals: Some are more
kullanılmamaktadır. harmful than other. ___. One particularly
B) Kalp hastalıklarının teşhisinde poisonous strain is resistant to antibiotics
kullanılmayan bilgisayarlı tomografi and can cause death within a few hours.
sıklıkla kalpteki yapısal bozuklukları
ortaya çıkarmakta kullanılır. A) They are not, however, the cause of all
C) Bilgisayarlı tomografi kalp hastalıklarının middle ear infections
teşhisinde kullanılmamakla birlikte kalpteki B) Pathogens can enter the body in food or
sık rastlanan bozuklukları ortaya çıkarır. air, through damaged skin, or from contact
D) Bilgisayarlı tomografi kalp hastalıklarının with infected organisms
teşhisinde kullanılamaz; bununla birlikte, C) So a wide variety of bacteria normally
kalpteki bazı yapısal bozuklukları ortaya inhabit various parts of the human body

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
çıkarması beklenir. D) As a result, some of the normal bacterial
E) Bilgisayarlı tomografi sıklıkla kalp inhabitants are opportunist pathogens that
hastalıklarının teşhisinde kullanılmaz; can cause disease only under certain
fakat kalpteki yapısal bozuklukları tespit conditions
eder. E) Among the harmful species are those that
cause, for instance, “strepthroat” dental
caries and scarlet fever

43. His motivation for taking on the topic of

41. Human beings have the largest brains in radical mastectomy was in part the
relation to body weight, but in gross terms, experience of watching his mother deal with
the brain of an elephant is four times larger. breast cancer when he was young. ___. But
equally clearly he accepts the argument
A) Vücut ağırlığına oranla en büyük beynin, that these choices are in a woman's hands.
salt ağırlık bakımından fil beyninin dörtte
biri kadar olan insan beyni olduğu açıktır. A) He is respectful of the choices women
B) İnsanlar, kütlece fil beyninin dörtte biri have made in these and other even more
kadar olsa da vücut ağırlığı dikkate urgent and complex situations
alındığında en büyük beyne sahiptir. B) By then evidence was beginning to
C) İnsanlar, vücut ağırlığına oranla, en büyük accumulate that loss invasive surgery
beyne sahiptir; ancak, kütle olarak, bir filin yielded comparable survival rates
beyni dört kat daha büyüktür. C) This surgery is both disfiguring and
D) Toplam vücut ağırlığı içindeki yapı olarak debilitating
en büyük beyin insan beynidir; ama fillerin D) He is clearly sensitive to the ways in
insanınkinden dört kat daha ağır olan which physicians influence women's
beyne sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. decisions about treatment
E) Fil beyninin kütlesi insan beyninin dört E) At this time breast cancer was regarded
katıdır; bununla birlikte, vücut ağırlığına as a local disease that could invariably be
gore en büyük beyin insanınkidir. contained if treated early
44. The dengue fever virus can change much 46. A US Food and Drug Administration
more rapidly than anyone can imagine, advisory panel voted 8 to 7 to recommend
which could hold up the efforts of the teams that silicone breast implants be allowed
rushing to create a much needed vaccine. back on the market. Their sale in the States
___. Indeed, two-fifths of the world's was stopped in 1992 because of concerns
population are new at risk, and global that leaking implants could cause serious
warming will allow the virus to increase its problems. ___.
range.
A) Later studies, however, found no evidence
A) In fact, the virus killed only 12,000 people that implants caused the myriad chronic
last year diseases that had been attributed to them
B) Apparently the new vaccines that are B) These treatments delay the return of
being developed are genetically very cancer and prolong survival in most
narrow and the virus is capable of rapid women
change C) For breast reconstruction, a silicone
C) This mosquito-borne virus has spread implant or tissue taken from other parts of
dramatically and now infects about 50 the woman's body may be used

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
million people each year in tropical areas D) Actually, the use of silicone implants was
D) So far there has been no effective vaccine not at all likely to return to favour
that protects against all sorts of virus E) It is generally agreed that women in high-
E) So one solution might be to make annual risk categories for breast cancer should
changes to the make-up of any dengue be screened annually
vaccine

47.-51. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş

bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek
sözü bulunuz.

45. The extinction of some species is 47. Tom: In Asia, it seems, incomes are going
completely natural. In the grand drama of up but this is having an adverse effect
geologic time, palaeontologists have seen on the health of the people.
countless species enter and exit the world. Jill :Yes. I've read that article. Sad, isn't
___. Most of them subsequently undergo it?
differentiation, and eventually all species Tom : ___
come to an end. Jill : No. it's that too, of course. But the
shift from agricultural to urban
A) The current losses are, however, economies is also aggravating the
exceptional problem.
B) All species begin in some restricted
setting and then spread A) It certainly is. But I can't say I'm surprised.
C) General recovery probably required a few B) It is indeed. And apparently it's not just
million years in each case that people are eating more and eating
D) Human actions may alter the character of unwisely.
some of these habitats rather than C) People think that eating well means eating
eliminate them more meat and more fat.
E) Basic evolutionary processes in the future D) It is. But the largest percentage of
may not differ substantially from those in saturated fat in the diet seemed to be
the past coming from local ethnic food.
E) Yes, indeed. The region presently has
more than 60 million diabetes sufferers,
and the number is going up.
48. Ken: It is pointed out in this article that 50. Interviewer:Could you give me your views
warm winds can trigger off migraine on Britain's National Health
attacks in some patients. ervice?
Mike: ___ Undersecretary: ___
Ken :It's new to me too. But I know some Interviewer: What makes you say that?
people firmly believe that the weather Undersecretary: Well, people used to feel
is a major factor. they were terribly lucky if, for
Mike:Could be; the problem is a difficult example, they were given a
one to research. kidney transplant but now they
consider it a right.
A) I've never heard that theory before.
B) I've heard that theory before; haven't you? A) Are you by any chance referring to the
C) Has that theory been thoroughly dire shortage of human organs for
researched? transplant?
D) Surely it has been established that the B) I hope you are not asking me about
weather does not affect the incidence of funding. As more and more treatments
migraine. become available, costs inevitably go up.
E) That's interesting. Some of my patients C) A great many operations are now almost

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
have said the same thing. risk free, but they still require a team of
experts to carry them out.
D) I think that people's expectations
concerning the service have risen
excessively.
E) The government wants to explore the
potential of xenoplantation, but cautiously
and step by step.

49. Roger: It is obvious that the sixth most 51. Bob: I want a serious answer to this
common reason people go online is question. What makes you laugh?
to research their health problems. Ken : ___
Sally : That doesn't surprise me at all. Bob : Good. That's what I want you to do.
Roger: ___ Laughter is important as creates a
Sally :So do I. There are an awful lot of bridge between people and facilitates
web sites devoted to health kind behaviour.
information and many of them are Ken: I'm sure you're right.
really not reliable at all.
A) What an odd question! Are you doing
A) I don't either. But it's perfectly some research into laughter?
understandable that people should do so. B) I don't know. Lots of things amuse me.
B) Nor me. But it could do more harm than C) I reckon situations amuse me more than
good. so-called funny stories.
C) It doesn't surprise me, either. But I find it D) I really haven't thought about it. Why do
worrying. you ask?
D) I didn't expect it to. But it doesn't stop E) If you want a serious answer, I need to
people worrying. think a bit about your question.
E) I do, too. But some web sites are more
reliable than others.
 52.–56. sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi
cümlenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

55. (I) The role of the ankle is minimal when

52. (I) Dyslexia is known as a reading disorder that
walking. (II) Slowing down gradually at the end
persists in spite of good schooling and normal
of exercise helps prevent dizziness. (III) When
or even above-average intelligence. (II) The
the legs relax, blood pools in the veins near
more severely dyslexic Chinese do encounter
them. (IV) To return the blood towards the
trouble comprehending and writing characters.
heart, the leg muscles must contract. (V) When
(III) The exact nature of the disease has
exercise is suddenly stopped, blood pools in
puzzled doctors, teachers, parents and
the legs and not enough blood goes to the
dyslexics themselves since it was first
brain, causing dizziness.
described more than a century ago. (IV)
Evidence suggests that there is a flaw in the
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
neurological wiring of dyslexics that makes
reading extremely difficult for them. (V)
Researches suggest that the right kinds of
instruction provided early enough could rewire
the brain so that the neurological flaw

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
disappears entirely.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

53. (I) Studies show that mental health in Asia is,

more than ever before, in a dangerous state.
(II) According to a study carried out jointly by
the World Bank, WHO and Harvard University,
it's predicted that by the end of 2008
depression will be the leading cause of
disability in Asia. (III) Indeed, most Asian
nations spend extremely small amounts on
mental health care. (IV) Already, mental
illnesses account for five of the 10 leading
causes of disability there, including depression
and schizophrenia. (V) The region also has the
highest suicide rates in the world.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

56. (I) Allergic rhinitis or hay fever plagues about

54. (I) Although it is generally believed that coffee
35 million Americans. (II) Until recently it was
is bad for the teeth it may in fact do some
regarded as a trivial problem with minimal
good. (II) It is also on the black list because it
consequences. (III) It is now considered to
contains the stimulant caffeine. (III) New
have a strong link with a variety of other
research indicates that coffee made from
respiratory disorders. (IV) There have been
roasted coffee beans might help prevent
similar disturbing increases in the prevalence
cavities. (IV) This is due to their antibacterial
of asthma. (V) Of these, it is the relationship it
elements that work against certain micro-
has with asthma which is of greatest concern to
organisms. (V) Among these is Streptococcus
the medical circle.
mutants, a major cause of dental caries.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
 57.- 80. soruları verilen parçalara gore
cevaplayınız.

To make a drug work, it has to be sent to the place 59. As is stated in the passage, a drug ___.
in the body where the problem lies, and that's why
the science of pharmacokinetics is significant. A) should rarely be taken for longer than a
Enough of the drug has to stay at the site of action week
until the drug does its job, but not so much that it B) may undermine the efficiency of the
produces severe side effects or toxic reactions. bloodstream
Every doctor knows that selecting the right dose is a C) frequently produces the desired effect
tricky balancing act. Many drugs get to their site of only after a long period of time
action through the bloodstream. How much time D) can sometimes result in unwanted and
these drugs need to work and how long their effects harmful effects
last, often depend on how fast they get into the E) often has the opposite effect on a patient
bloodstream, how much of them gets into the to the one expected
bloodstream, how fast they leave the bloodstream,
how efficiently they're broken down by the liver, and

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
how quickly they're eliminated by the kidneys and
intestines.

57. One important point stated about drugs in

the passage is that ___.

A) the dosage to be recommended must be

considered carefully
B) the bloodstream plays a minimal role in
their action
C) the kidneys are of vital importance for
their effectiveness
D) the dosage a doctor recommends is
always the standard one
E) their toxic side effects can easily be
controlled

58. According to the passage the effectiveness 60. We understand from the passage that when
of some drugs ___. a drug is taken, ___.

A) seems to be related to the sex of the A) its passage through the bloodstream is
patient likely to be long and slow
B) is not related to their passage through the B) it immediately passes into the
bloodstream bloodstream
C) depends upon their metabolization C) toxic reaction can immediately be
D) is outside the range of pharmacokinetics observed
E) can be increased by varying the dosage D) it passes immediately to the infected site
in the body
E) its metabolization takes place in the liver
In this research, patients were placed into a 63. It is pointed out in the passage that one of
refrigerated chamber for several minutes, and the benefits of nasal breathing is that ___.
measurements were taken of both their lung
capacity and the temperature within their trachea. A) particles in inspired air are largely
On one of the experimental study days, the subjects prevented from getting into the lungs
were asked to breathe entirely through their nose; B) it makes inflammation of the lungs
on the other, their nose was clipped tightly and they impossible
breathed through their mouth. The patients' lung C) it helps to keep the trachea cool
capacity dropped significantly on the mouth- D) allergens are readily separated from
breathing day of the experiment; this correlated pollutants
highly with a significant cooling of the trachea. On E) more air can be inspired that way than
the day they breathed only through their nose, through the mouth
however, their lower airway function changed only
minimally and their intra-tracheal temperature
remained close to normal. These experiments
demonstrate that nasal breathing has an important
protective effect on the lower airways, most likely
because the nose is more effective at warming and

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
moisturizing inspired air before it passes into the
lungs. In addition, a nose that is clear and free of
inflammation is better able to filter and remove
airborne allergens and pollutants than is the mouth.

61. The results of the experiment stated in the

passage suggest that ___.

A) the cooling of the trachea can be fatal

B) the lower airways are not affected in any
way by outward circumstances
C) mouth-breathing is at least as effective as
nasal breathing in the removal of airborne
allergens
D) nasal breathing safeguards the trachea
E) the length of time the subjects spent in the
refrigerated chamber was of considerable
importance

62. As is stated in the passage, the experiment 64. During the course of the experiment stated
showed that ___. in the passage, several measurements ___.

A) the lower airways of the patients who A) taken, gave rather unexpected results
were breathing nasally underwent B) had to be made, to check the intake of
considerable change as regards function pollutants
B) the results were the same whether C) were taken, including the trachea's
patients breathed through the nose or the temperature under two different conditions
mouth D) were carried out to assess the efficiency
C) the temperature within the trachea of the lungs in normal conditions
remained constant throughout E) made, failed to correlate with what was
D) the lung capacity of the patients placed in expected
the refrigerated chamber was not in any
way affected
E) breathing through the mouth had an
adverse effect upon the lungs
In the States the federal Elderly Nutrition 67. It is stated in the passage that one of the
Programme is determined to improve older people's additional advantages arising from the
nutrition status and enable them to avoid medical Elderly Nutrition Programme is that ___.
problems, live at home, and stay out of institutions.
Its specific goals are to provide low-cost, nutritious A) it allows many people to continue to live in
meals, opportunities for social interaction and their own homes for longer than would
shopping assistance. The Elderly Nutrition otherwise be possible
Programme provides for communal meal B) it makes the elderly feel they are
programmes. Administrators try to select sites for contributing something to the community
communal meals so as to feed as many eligible C) it affords endless opportunities for the old
people as possible. Volunteers may also deliver and the young to meet and do things
meals to those who are homebound either together
permanently or temporarily; these efforts are known D) those who would otherwise be
as Meals on Wheels. The home-delivery homebound are taken to the communal
programme ensures nutrition, but its recipients miss meal sites by volunteers
out on the social benefit of the communal meal E) the elderly can always get in touch with a
sites; every effort is made to persuade older people trained counsellor with whom to discuss
to come to the shared meals, if they can. Those who their problems

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
are 60 years and older and their spouses are
eligible to receive meals from these programmes,
regardless of their income. But should demand
exceed supply, priority is given to those who are
economically and socially needy. Roughly, 25% of
the nation's elderly poor benefit from these meals
every day of the week.

65. As is pointed out in the passage, the Elderly

Nutrition Programme hopes, by ensuring
that the elderly get at least one nutritious
meal each day, ___.

A) to make it possible for them to lose weight

and maintain a healthy body weight
B) to help people of all ages to be more
nutrition-conscious
C) to encourage them to make their other
meals more nutritious
D) to reduce the amount of food substitutes
that are consumed
E) to help these people lead healthier lives

68. We understand from the passage that

everyone over the age of 60 is entitled to
66. We understand from the passage that the the benefits offered by the Elderly Nutrition
elderly are encouraged to have their meals Programme, ___.
at the communal meal sites ___.
A) but a very small per cent of them actually
A) as there are not enough volunteers to make use of them
deliver the meals to the homes B) but when resources are limited the
B) because of the social benefits resulting genuinely needy are given precedence
from being in the company of others C) but those who are well-off are expected to
C) though this puts up the price of the meals contribute financially to the programme
considerably D) and most of them are attracted more to
D) though most people dislike having to the companionship than to the meals
leave their homes E) though some people think that 60 year-
E) though they are usually rather bleak olds should not be included in the
places, and lacking in comfort programme
The Norwegian psychologist Lovas introduced a 71. We understand from the passage that an
highly structured form of behaviour modification autistic child ___.
called Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) as an aid
for autistic children. The theory behind ABA rests on A) is only able to loam a limited number of
the assumption that autistic children have inefficient skills through repetition
neurocircuits specifically, connections that are not B) is able to make connections as easily as
as efficient as those found in normal children. In any normal child
normal children, a connection may go from A to B, C) can acquire a specific behaviour pattern
but in the autistic brain the connection may go from through continual repetition
A to C to D to E before finally reaching B. Inefficient D) tends to be extremely anti-social
connections lead to more "noise", which is believed E) has every chance of growing into a
to hinder social and cognitive development. Lovas's perfectly normal adult even without
therapy takes advantage of the brain's ability to undergoing therapy
adapt and be retrained. When people learn a
particular skill, such as throwing a baseball, they are
reinforcing neurocircuits that are specific to that skill.
When autistic children are taught a specific

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
behaviour through constant repetition, the therapy is
training the neurocircuits to respond in a certain way
and somehow teaching the brain to receive these
signals, which would otherwise be drowned out in a
sea of noise. To make it effective, Lovas has
stressed that ABA therapy must be started early,
must be sufficiently intensive, and must be carried
out in part by the parents.

69. One point that is stressed in the passage is

that___.

A) Lovas's way of treating autistic children is

now out-of-date
B) the ABA treatment for autistic children
should be applied at an early age
C) the ABA therapy can prove harmful if
mishandled
D) the effects of ABA therapy can be
observed within a short period of time
E) parents can help in the treatment of
autistic children through ABA therapy, but
this is not essential

70. It is stated in the passage that, in the 72. As is stated in the passage, the problems of
autistic brain ___. autistic children ___.

A) the neurocircuits do not relate to any A) can most readily be solved by the parents
particular skill themselves
B) the effects of the ABA therapy are of short B) are due to a defect in their neurocircuits
duration C) were ignored until Lovaas became
C) the neurocircuits seldom lose their interested in them
efficiency D) can only be solved by surgical
D) connections do not follow the normal, interference
regular pattern E) are constantly being aggravated by noise
E) the capacity for adaptation remains
unimpaired
A British investor, David Green, intended to provide 75. It is learnt from the passage that cataract
India with good-quality, low-price lenses for use in patients in the Aravind hospital ___.
cataract surgery. He got a group of expert engineers
to design lenses that could be produced cheaply, A) do not pay a fixed fee for surgery
and got support to start a lens factory, as part of B) usually come from the poorest parts of the
Aurolab, in India. In our age, the typical eye surgeon country
in India does 2,500 cataract operations a year as C) are heavily subsidized by the state for
opposed to 125 or so in the US. Thanks in part to their surgery
such a steady demand and to India's cheap labour, D) can comfortably afford to pay for the eye
Aurolab today can sell roughly 700,000 lenses a surgery they need
year for as little as $4 each and still make a profit. E) all contribute equally to the establishment
Aurolab, which operates as an independent non- of new eye hospitals
profit organization, made money from the beginning.
It reinvests all proceeds into expanding its
operations and designing new products, such as
sutures and eyeglasses. But even at $4 a lens, how
can the very poor afford eye surgery? At this point
the Aravind hospital provided the help that was

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
needed. It set up a scheme in which patients pay
whatever they can. Those who are relatively well-off
pay more for their surgery, subsidizing the very
poorest, who pay nothing. Even with these
subsidies, the Aravind hospital makes $2 for every
dollar it spends on cataract surgery. This has
contributed it to set up five more hospitals, catering
to some 100 million Indians.

73. In the passage, it is emphasized that the

money earned from the sale of lenses,
made by Aurolab, ___.

A) is used to broaden its activities and

develop new products
B) is mostly spent on the care of poor
patients
C) allows 2,500 cataract patients to be
operated on each year
D) has encouraged David Green to set up
similar projects
E) is just enough to meet the running cost of
the factory

74. As is stated in the passage, the economic 76. According to the passage Aurolab ___.
success of Aurolab in India ___.
A) provided David Green with capital to set
A) is reflected in the fact that each year it up the Aravind hospital
designs and produces new products B) was originally conceived as a profit-
B) has been brought about through the skill making concern
and dedication of its staff C) has been making a huge profit from the
C) has made possible the establishment of sale of lenses
many similar factories throughout the D) is the product of David Green's
country determination and enterprising spirit
D) is due to the fact that there is no E) employs several engineers to supervise
government control production and maintain high-quality
E) is the result of both the constant demand lenses
for lenses and the low wage levels
A chemical substance naturally produced in the 79. It is stated in the passage that, though OEA
body which works in a similar way to cannabis is is in many ways similar to cannabis, it___.
thought to hold the key to treating obesity. A recent
research found that oleylethanolamido (OEA) A) is not made in the small intestine
significantly decreased the appetites of lab rats, with B) is not produced naturally in the body
a resulting loss of weight. Scientists are just C) is a perfectly safe drug and is being used
beginning to realize OEA, which they believe is widely to overcome obesity
manufactured in the small intestine. It is a naturally D) acts on different receptors
occurring molecule in the same class of compound E) has a completely contrary effect upon the
as cannabis' active ingredient and acts on the same appetite
receptors. However, rather than increasing the
appetite, OEA has the opposite effect. The chemical
did not affect various functions of the rats' nervous
systems as other weight loss drugs do. "OEA is like
a cousin to cannabis it has similar properties but a
different personality. In this case, it creates the
opposite reaction”, says the head researcher. OEA
could solve the problem of obesity, which greatly

w w w. y d s y a y i n c i l i k . c o m
increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes,
heart disease, stroke and some cancers.

77. As is stated in the passage, some recent

experiments carried out on rats showed
that OEA, unlike most other weight loss
drugs, ___.

A) does not interfere with the functioning of

the nervous system
B) works by speeding up the process of
digestion
C) only offers a short-term solution for
obesity
D) might actually, in the long run, lead to an
increase in weight
E) can, in certain cases, lead to personality
changes

78. We learn from the passage that OEA is a 80. According to the passage, the point is made
substance that ___. that obesity ___.

A) apparently can lead to heart disease and A) can be overcome by small but regular
strokes doses of cannabis
B) has been thoroughly researched over a B) is closely related to the use of cannabis
long period of time C) can be safely and successfully treated by
C) forms naturally in the body, probably in any number of weight loss drugs
the small intestine D) can lead to several serious disorders
D) produces many unpleasant side effects including diabetes
E) has been used in the treatment of some E) bears little or no relation to appetite
forms of cancer, but only recently have its
properties as an appetite suppressor been
recognized