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Kaponrra flynr4y
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MEHI4AXbP IlOlrlCTlzlKA lz1 OnEPA!lzllzl:

lruurpnc llacxarnguc
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Bcuqxr rexcroee ca 3aulilTeHil c aBTopcKu npaaa.3a6paHeno e

Bb3npon3Bexi4aHeTo/ cKaHIpaHeTo, npeAaBaHeTo vnv u3non3Ba-
Hero Ha MarepuantrTe c rbproBcKa Llet no4 KaKBaro u 4a e $opua
Eangnre u,,cyxt At pex{uM"
6e: nrcmenoro ctrnactre Ha peAaKTopa.
Parmupnunr XX eex e Aruepuxa

3naruesurocrure n no43eMHuflT cBRT

AmepuxancKnnT noA3eMeH cBRT cre4 cMbprra Ha cBofl uMneparop N@

3a eauero no-go6po o6cnyxaane mpcere u3AaHuero BilHaru B eAhH n cblr.l rbproBcKu o6err n
3a Aa nonycnre no-4o6po o6cnyxsare, noptvaaire scexr 6pon
yeegounearire npoAaBaqa 3a HaMepeHr4ero cil Aa 3aKynilTe eBeHTyanHo n cnegeaqure 6poeee.
Ha t4 uH$opurpafire
nopeAuLlara or eAfiH !r cbr! Tr'proBcKil nyHKT
3a gcRxaxga r,rn$oprvraqr,rn, cnpaBKil,3aMRHa Ha eK3eMnnf ph l4flh nopb,]Kl/t Ha npe4runu 6poeee, npoAaBaqa 3a HaMepeHuero cil Aa KynyBare cneABaultrre 6poeee.
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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
An KanoHe
KarcbB )Kr4BoT BoAI4 rofi?

C C 7|jxvlflT PEXI4M", BbBe4eH npe3 1920 r., ocraBn g-ur6or

UorneqarbK B aMepilKaHcKoro o6qecrso. Bcn<a BeLtep

LU Mbxe rA t<eHV or pa3r wHn

nuteiuu 3aBegeHnfi, Hapylra
Bb3pacrv ce ca6upat B Here[arHt
no ro3v HaqilH 3aKoHa.
saiAxtA
laHrcreprre, Kor/To npeBpbu]ar roHrpa6aH4ara c arKoxor B
\ neqer il gLU 6ilaHec, 3a noq Bar Aa ce Bb3n pileMar or xopara Karo eA Ho

I ,,Heo6xog/Mo 3no". Egnn z3Mex4y

XX a., tAz6uea Hape4 6e:urrocrHo

BCIALTKIA raHrcrepn, n3utA3aulll
Ha npegeH nraH Karo KptAMIAHarHn 6n:Hecueur B pa3Mil pHtAfl
il ce v3AtAra Ao BbpxoBere Ha
LU noA3eMHVfi cBflr.lr4uero My e Ar KanoHe.

KanoHe BilxAa cBerr/Hara Ha EeHfi B SpyrrtrzH tA e Bropo

ET noKoreHre a ceNreficrBoro Ha nranAaHcKu tAMttrpaHrv. Snra or
H/ulerara, notannhna ce B x/Bor, il3nbrHeH c npecrbnne+nfl.

LU laHrcrep-u1 or Kor-oro BCV+KA ce 6ont,3au]oro e Hail-eaxHara

,,KreqKa" B gnraTo, e cbuleBpeMeHHo o6err

m
Ha yBaxeH/e 3apagil
cBo/Te 6necrnr4tz il HenoBTop/Mr/ r/3rbrrBaHe il noBeleHile.

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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 PaxAa ce,[xeftmc, 6parrr ua An Kanone.
1894 | Cemeicrso KanoHe ce npeMecrea or Heanon e Hro lzlopx.
Ha 17 nHyapil e Hlo Tlopx ce pax.qa An KanoHe.

KanoHe Bnu3a B ocHoBHo yt{t4tt14u{e.

Crs4aaa ce OEP.
Kanone ce 3ano3HaBa c flxottt Topuo.
Kanone cKnoqBa 6pax c MerZ KoQnran.
ua llrpsara cBeroBHa eofrHa.
Yrvrrpa 6aqara na Kanone, la6praene.

Y6ur e flxefirvrc Korocrmo.

Breex4a ce,,cyxr4fl T pexru".
Kanone ce npeMecrBa e 9uraro.

O6Hapogsa ce 3axonrr 3a rMurpaHrnre.

llpee:emane Ha rpagqero l-luqepo.
Kanone y6r,rea,[xo Xaytp4.

Y6rr e 6parrr Ha Kanoue, tDpaux.

,[xonu Topuro ce orrema.

larrcrepcrrre eofi Hu ce oxecroqaBar.

Bpaxgyear4rrrre 6an4r cKfl toqBar npuM14pile.

1927 [ Yr,rnnrvr X. Tonnncu e rs6pan 3a KMer na 9rraro 3a Bropr4 MaHAar.

Y6rficreoro Ha OpaHna lZefrn.

KanoHe KynyBa uMor B llanm AftntHg (rlara Onopr,rAa).

1929 $ lonnrraara Aenpecur.

B Arnanrux cr4ru ce npoBex4a xonSepexqun Ha noA3eMHnF cBflr.

KnaHero e,[eHn Ha ce. BaneHruH.

KanoHe cb34atsa o6uqecrsenr KyxHn.

1931 [ Kanone e apecryBaH il cpeqy HeFo ce v31nra o6eilxeHile 3a yKpuBaHe Ha AaHbL14.

1932 E BKuHocafloHr4reil3ru3a$unurr"scarface"(6ennsasrRr).
Kanoxe e B 3arBop e ArnaHra.
Orruenn ce 4eftcrarero Ha,,cyxufl pexrnn'i

Kanone e oceo6ogen or 3arBopa.

1947 $ Cragaea ce l-{PY.

Ha 25 nHyapil e flanM Afinrng (,qnec Manmu 6vrriq), qara OnopuAa, yMrpa An Kanone.
1972 fl B Kr4HocafloHr4re e nycuar "The Godfather" (Kptcrnnxtr).
1987 $ Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
HueKpaHu3nu3a"TheUntouchables"(He4oceraeunre).
)KHBoTbr v cMbprra Ha raHrcTepfl,
BJracTBarrI B AvrepuKa
-\-r Kanone Btnnblllana o6pasa Ha raHrcrep B cb3HaHaero Ha Mr{Jrr4oHrr xopa rr e reMa Ha BAbxHoBeHr4e
3a \IHoxecrBo poMayvt v $vlrlr4u. Ha.ruHbr My Ha )KrrBor r43rrbKBa na SoHa Ha raHrcrepcKr,rre eofiuu
n Artepura or HaqaJroro ua XX e. Xunee cnox 6ypeH rr ApaMarzqeH xrr4Bor rro HaqrrH, uo r<ofiro
:ocrofruo 3aclyxaBarvrrrruta cra Kpan Ha raHrcreprrre.
Hvrqerara B EpyxnmH
Or I4ra;uaq KbM Anrepura
-l\
fbx. OE,TEqEH B qepeH KocloM. c $vrnqoea
lVILuanxa uapxa,,SopcanraHo'i or nypara
Llero Ha ycrara My ce il3Ailra 6nn gutu. Cnxaul
Ba[q oT Hr4r{oTo, oT KapTeqHilf nilcTolleTl MoAen
'Tounc-uH'i rofiro 4tpxra B pbKa, ce uanuea noporZ
KypuryMl,4. Taxaea, nogo6ua Ha cqeHa or Qranrvr, e
TuntqHara peanHocr e Auepuxa e Havanoro Ha XX
e. An KanoHe e eAilH or nereHAapHure aMepilKaH-
cKil raHrcrepil, rofiro nocraBfl nog cBoF Bnacr Llenhfl
noA3eMeH cBFT.
Kanone e poAeH g celnerlcreo Ha ilTaruaHcKt/1 vtMtt-
rpaHrh 14 r43pacrBa, gao6uroneu or np6oera Ha cBo-
hre po.qrrenh, 6parn il cecrpt4. 3aqo roraea xueee
ronKoBa crpaxoBt4T 14 yxacnBaq xileor? BeponrHo
MOXe Aa Ce KaXe, qe ToBa ce Ebrrxr4 Ha peaflHocTilTe
B aMepilKaHcKoro o6r.qecreo no oHoBa BpeMe.
B xpan Ha XIX e. 6e4nlrre eeponerlqra ce ornpa-
Bfir npe3 ArnaHrura rtm Amepuxa B TbpceHe Ha no-
4o6up xraaor. Oco6euo unoro6porlHra ca vranuaH-
cKrre ilMhrpaHru. Saqara ua Kanone, la6puene, e
co6craeHhr ua 6prcHapHnqa e Heanon r e eAuH or
Te3h hMt4 f pa Hr tA, Kour o MeqTafl T Aa HaMepfl
cta 3ag oKeaHa. fler ro4nHu npe4u paxgaHero
rp€ 1894 r., rorl :aunHaea ra Auepraxa 3ae4Ho c'bc
cBoflra c'bnpyra Tepesa u ABere uM Aeqa.
B br-bn- Crpqero My e fl3nbnHeHo c HaAexAa B
n:Hrr- HaqaJIoTo Ha ToBa nbTyBaHe.
PeanHocrra o6aqe ce oKa3Ba Aaneq no-
cypoBa. Tufi xaro ilMilrpaHTnre ce cril-
qar Ha rb/rnil e Amepura, re ce h3npaBflT
npeA MHoxecrBo npeApa3cbAbr.ll4 14 Ar4c-
Kp14MuHaqilfl . O6ulecreeHoro Bb3npilfl-
Tile, u3rpaAeHo 3a ilTaJIilaHqilTe, e 3a xopa
c npecTbnHil HaKIoHHocTl4.
CeMerlcreo Kanoue ce ycraHoBnBa B
ilranilaHcKara o6qHocr, xuBeeu{a B ^ CeMefcrBo rlMr/TpaHril meAar
EpyxnuH. lirpaonavanno xilBeFT e Heo6- Craryrra ra cao6ogara Ha Enrc
Al4nbHA- MFctoro, KbAero e
3aBeAeH anapraMeHr B qeTilpreraxHa crpaAa Ha
pa3nonoxeHa aMepilKaHcKaTa
"Heheu Crpr,rrZr"No 95 a parloHa,,Peg Xyx"e Spyxnun. hMtrrpaHrcKa cryx6a. flogo6ro Ha rrx
!or"r'ur uu e cKpoMeH: 6annra, ToareTHaTa u KyxHFTa poArrenhre Ha KanoHe l/lMilrpupar B
ca o6u4a (Aennr nr c Apyrhre naevareln), a eAr4H- Auepuxa, ueqraerlxr 3a HoB xnBot'
cTBeHilflT r43TOr.tHt4K Ha TOnnhHa e eAHa neqKa Ha
Bbfnilula. Haeutr 3a re3h )KtAntAula e or nopfAbKa
Ha 3-4 4onapa - oKono cpegHoro Hr4Bo 3a KBaprana.
- tlMhrpaHTcKr4 KBapran B Ho ilopx or
ro3u nep[4oA. Popurennre ua KanoHe
Beguara cneA HaHacnHero ylM ce paxga rexHhflT M[HaBar npe3 Eal4cAlia-b.HA;3a,qa , ;,r:;i,:i
rperm cilH, a la6prrrene h3nurBa rpy4Hocril nph HaMil, npncrnrxar,a-llp.l?lbtrfinlg9-th,. d.{iF, ffi
T K-bCMeTa paHero na pa6ora.3ano,{ea ga pa6oru raro 6ptcHap
Ha An, n BbnpeKil pa3oqapoBaHyiero cl4 or Atrepuxa, saxn-,
BflBa eAilH qecTeH il AOCTOeH XilBOT.
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 3 ul+ I(-]rlrt{clt't'e

14TA'I },IAH CKI4TE HMH TPAHTI4 B AMEPI4 KA

Ktr,l xpan Ha XIX e. 6egHrare ceMetrcrea e lAranttn cMrral qe 3aMilHaBa- HMar Apyr He3HaqurereH 6ytsHec, neqeneirxr,r MHoro MarIKo. Xeuure rne-
Hero uM:a npoqtQrneaqara uHAycrpl4anna Arvreprra qe hM ochryprl Bb3- Aar Aeqara H ce rpuxar 3a AoMaKuHcrBoro. 14 etnpexh qe HaeMure ilM He
MoxHocr ga nogo6pnr xrreircxara cu cl46a. llpe: 1BB0 r. ra Ar'aepura ca Br4coKx, npeAMeril or nbpBa teo6xogutvtocl Karo xpaHa u Bbflr4rrla, ca
3aMilHaBar 12 300 uranr,ranqn. flpe: 90-re roprxu ra XIX e. ea llarnre:ar',ln- Aocra cKbnu, ero 3au.lo xrBorbl xorlro aopnl HhKaK He e neK.
HaBar oKolro 5 000 4yLuu. B cnegsaqure roguHu 6poRr ilM HapacrBa 3Haqh- flo oroea aper'le 6opper,rre, hrparHilTe rny6oae il KpbqMilTe ce HaMupar
renHo. Craaar '100 000 nper 1900 r., 230 000 npe: 1903 t. tA 286 000 nper npeuMyqecrBero e pariora Ha npilcraHilr4ero, Kbflero pa6ornr noeevero or
1907 r.ltlpeauero e Aueprxa o6aqe xenaHilfl aa rnx eQexr.
HRma rRx. Ctqecreyear h MHoro 3alil 3a raHqn, arenilera 3a raryhpoBKt/ u noAo-
6pyxlrzrr.r, Hlc lzlopr, craBa no4cnoH 3a xvnr1a t ranvaHclu r4MilrpaHru. 6er po4 3aBeAeHrfl B rbproBcKilre KBap-
Te ne camo npeAnoqilrar Aa xilBerr ct6paxn B KBapranfi 3aeAHo c r44Bau{u Tanh, KbAero H 6e: rosa HeAocrarbqHure
or cbrqnfl paraoH a lAranvn, Ho ca n cKnoHHu ga o4o6pnear AoMnHupaHero r4M AoxoAr4 6rp:o n:ve:aar, B ra:r,r pa6or-
il noKpoBr/TencrBaHero Ha onpeAefleH 6n:Hec or rexHvr cbHapoflHt4tlt4. HilqecKa Knaca ce Qopmrpar 6axgn, xouro
lzluar curuo pa3Buro qyBcrBo 3a npilHaAnexHocr eAilH KbM Apyr. Coquan- cKopo qe ce xBbpnnr a oxecroveua 6op6a
HOTO r4M nOflOXeHhe e Ha Aane'r no-Hr4cKo HuBo, orKonKoTo roBa Ha fep- 3a repilTopiln.
MaHqil il hpnaHAqr/ il ca c MuHilMaIlHil Bb3MoxHocTu 3a Kapuepa v pa3BV-
rue. Ero 3al4o noBeqero utxe pa6orRr xaro 6ptcnapu unv 3aHaATqtAtA t nu

Ilrpnu crbrrxr{ Kr,M rrpecrr,rrBaHe Kanone ilMa o6qo ocervr 6parn h cecrpr4. floee,lero
Ha 3aKOHa OT TflX TpbrBaT nO CT"bnKilTe My B KpylMrHanHVtfl CBAT,
^ ly'MurpaHTcKara cnyx6a, cr:4a4era
c t43KnroqeHre Ha no-roreMnfl My 6par ,lxerauc. aMeprlKaHcKoro npaBhrencrBo
Brnpexu qe ca 6e[Ho ceMerircrBo, Kanone xilBeFr oT
PasovapoeaH or xr4Bora Ha 6e4en urvrrarpanr, lxerirvrc Ha Eruc Arinrug npe3 1 892 L Ao
Mr4pHo u cnoxorlno. 9ererprunr hM cr4H ce paxAa
HanycKa AoMa cn il ce ornpaBfl ua 3ana4. Cxtcea :axpusauero fi npe3 1 954 r. npe3
B eAnH Mpa3oBr4r 3ilMeH AeH na 17 auyapn 1899 aparrre ri npeMflHaBar "12 MAnAoHa
Bcu'uKn Bpb3Kr4 cbc cBoero ceMeficreo il npoMeHR fiMrrpaHTu.
r. KpucrHuqa Ha HoBopoAeHoro e CoSran Mrano,
ilMero cr4 na Prvap4,Qxoy:eS Xapr. flo-xtcHo xneee
ceMefrHa no3Hara, Koffro My AaBa ilMero An$once.
xr4Bor, orAaAeH Ha Bb3AaBaHeTo Ha cnpaBeAnilBocT,
flo-xrcno rotr craea il3BecreH Karo An Kanose.
pa6orefiKr4 Karo areHT, Hanaraul "cyxnn pexr,rm". Cne4
Btnpexn BilcoKara cMbprHocr cpe4 6e6erara, npv-
Karo An ce il3gilra il craBa ilMe B noA3eMHhF cBRT,
qt,tHa 3a KoRTo e nouoro MeAilqilHcKo o6cnyxeane no
nQxeiuc npaBu Bcr4qKo Bb3MoxHor 3a Aa npLlKphe
oHoBa BpeMe, Aerero pacre il3KnloqnTerHo 3ApaBo.
Kp-bBHOTO Cr4 pOACTBO C HapyuJnTenfl Ha 3aKOHa.
flpe;1904 r. nerroAilurHl4rr An KanoHe nocr-bnBa
3apa4ra paHHoro cil 6srcrso or EpyKnnH ,Qxerirrr,tc
e OcHosHo yqunilule Ns 7, HaMilpaulo ce Ha "A6arvrc
ycnnBa Aa r36erHe cug6ara Ha npecrbnHilx. KanoHe
Crpvhr". Toea e nrpemnr My Aocer c aMepilKaHcKoro
o6ave npegnoqrra Aa cil 3arBopt4 oqilre il nogo6no
o6ulecrBo. B yvr,rnlrr4e o+vtqtAanHunr e3ilK Ha npe-
Ha MHoro Apyril Mnagexn or ceueficrBa Ha firanh- v Eeqa B KBapran Ha ulmnrpanrr a Hrc
nogaBaHe e aurnvilcxwal ero 3aqo An rpn6ea ga
aHcKr4 r4Mr4rpaHTil e noKBapeH oT cpeAaTa, B KoFro lzlopx npe: 1900 r.
yuu o6nuavt, Karo HanpilMep KnerBara npe.q aMepil-
xrBee.
Ka Hc Kr4F H a LliloHaneH Qna r. Arvrepra ra HcKara Kynrypa
e $yngauenranHo pa3rl4rtHa 3a Aeqara, pacrru1r4 B
KBapran Ha hrarhaHcKtA t/tMttrpaHlvt. lloeevero yvr-
Tenr cMflTal qe [TanilaHcKl,4Te hMufpaHTLl HffMaT
rHrepecil KbM yqeHhero - npeApa3cbArr, rofiro ru
Kapa Ea rperilpaT AeLlaTa Karo naKocrHt4ttut npwtu-
HflBaUlh caMo u eAl4HcTBeHo npo6nervrra.
Ko raro :gpa eeus xur Ka noH e Ha BbpuJ Ba 1 0 rogu n r,l,
qecTo ce pa3xoxAa 13 AoKoBeTe Ha npncTaHil-
u.lero. Tbpcefi Kt crvMyn, ua6no4aea rpeHupoBKilre
Ha Mopflqilre Ha BoeHHa cnyx6a B-bB Onorara ilnil
nbK craBa qacr or 6op6urre c ilpnaHAcKr4re 6aHAil. ,.: l :ii
.:.;'.1,,,-l'-,:,;i,1.iii i, r'1:
'r.
Onnteahxu ce Aa cn il3BotoBa nonoxeHile B 6aH-
Ailre, 6bp3o TpbrBa HaAony no nbrfl Ha ManorereH ,.'t"n
npecrbnHilK u ce npilcbeAilHflBa KbM 6auga, xoRro
HanaAa il onycTouaBa cKnaAoBe vt ManKJA Mara3ilH-
ts
qeTa.
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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 iloKaHa 3a HapyuraBaHe Ha 3aKoHa
Cpeqara c 6oca
M-ra4u-ar reloHE npe3 qflnoro BpeMe ce sa6upxea TO3il HaqnH ryK U raM nO ner !o Aecer Aonapa.
B npecrbnneHnn n HenpeKbcHaril cxBarKv. Pa6otn llo ce orHacR go
Toprlo,:a Hero KanoHe e rAeanHilFT
ele Sa6pvrra 3a npoil3BoAcrBo Ha xaprilfl, nocne cnyxilTen.,[oraro pa6olrr :a Topro, Mexgy nerHaAece-
BbB BoeHeH 3aBoA, Karo AaBa BcilvKo rapa6oreuo Tara il oceMHaAecerara foAilHa or xuBota cu, Kanoue ce
Ha cBoflra uafixa. lzl uarap qe nbpBoHaqanHo oqeH- BbnHyBa eAuHcrBeHo oT ToBa KonKo naph ca cKnoHHvl
Khre My ca ornilqHn, cilryaqilflra ce npeo6prr.qa, Aa noxapqaT xopaTa 3a aIKoxon, xeHu v xa3aprql4 vtfpvt.
creA Karo e npexBbpneH e fltpxaeuo ocHoBHo yLru- Harraraparlxra ce 6rrao po ceofl HacraBHvlK Ar ce Hayvaea
nHule Ns 133 ra sano.rea 4a 6nra or qacoBe. C6raea ce Ha faHrcTepcKr4 HaqilH Ha xilBoI Ho BbnpeKh ToBa npo-
c eAhH oT yi]ilTenilTe, nporoHeH e il HanycKa uKon- AbnxaBa ga pa6orlr ycr4neHo raro o6nrHoeeH HhcKo-
rara crauerZxa eABa ,Qu6oxo e ce6e
14-rograu.reu. nnaren pa6orHhK 14 qeHil il yBaxaBa rexKilfl TpyA.
o1 3anotrBa ga ce qyBcrBa orqyxAeH or o6ulecrsoro flupern cil Aocer c noA3eMHvrF cBFr ocbulecrBflBa
14 ocHoBHt4Te My BbnHeHilfl. ^ CHUMKa sa Kanose Karo MnaAex. cuc cugerlcreuero Ha lxoru Topuo. llpea 1917 r., aa
llpu6rrrr:nrenno no cbr.Lloro BpeMe ceMerTrcreo Kanoue 18-ro4ruHa Bb3pacr, noflyqaBa HapexAaHe Aa orilAe B
ce npeMecrBa or"Herleh CrpurrZr" na,,[apQntang l1nefi c"- parlona, nacennBaH or erHilqecKil rpnaHAqil. Tarr,r rpn6ea
ynhqa/ HaMilpau.la ce Ha 1 0 munyru nbr neua or crapilr Aa ce nogBvr3aaa, pa6orerirxu raro 6apuaH B 3aBeAe-
r4M AoM. Mouenrur e peuaBaul no orHoueHme Ha nbrfl, Hre, Koero e npilrexaHile ua OpaHxra lZetln, heeecreFr
xofiro Kanone npeAcroyr Aa noeMe B xrBora.3anoqea nog ilMero 9epnran npuHll Ha noA3eMHuff ceRr. Trtl xaro
Aa BtACtA B eAHa ilfpanHa 3ana B KBaprafla il Aa ce cpeula lTlerirn rupcra renoxpaHilren u 6apmaH, uonra Topr,ro 4a my
c nplr3Haril raHrcrepu.Tyr ce 3ano3HaBa u c vuxa, rofiro cu4eficrea B HaMilpaHero Ha raKbB. Oveeugno,lxonr
ce npeBp'brrla B HeFoB HacraBHilK il naprHbop -,lxonur Bb3rrara orpoMHvr HaAexAil sa KanoHe.
Topno. An ce cnoraxga MHoro go6pe c heiln, rohro e qeril-
Topuo raeua BilAHo noroxeuue e 6pyxnnu. MHoro puHa4ecer ro4l4Hr4 no-Bb3pacreH. Kanone nocpeqa
MecTHvr MnaAexu cTaBaT qacT oT opraHil3aqilfTa, ynpa- { noceTilTenuTe il ynpaxHflBa raHqyBanHnre cu yMeHilfl.
BnFBaHa or lxoHm Toplro, xoftro Bb3nuraBa n il3rpaxAa llpurexaaa onpeAeneH qap, nphBnhqaul xopara, Koero
Te3h MnaAil Mbxe, nopbr]Bahwt utt'tt 4a cerpu.rar gpe6nra cKopo My AoHacfl nonynnpHocr. E4uH geH, AoKaro e Ha
ycJlynA za Hero, Ha6nogaeaiAxn rv MexAyBpeMeHHo B pa6ora e 6apa na hehn, An e B'bBneqeH B uHqu.qeHT.
r-bpceHe Ha ga6enexilrenHm ranaHTyr cpen rnx. Begnrx lpyna unagexil oKono HeroBara Bb3pacr Bnil3ar B 3aBe-
Kanoue e il3npareH B rnaBHara KBaprupa Ha opraHn3a- AeHilero. Koraro ornpaefl KoMnflilMeHT KbM eAHa or
rlr4nTa, Kbgero B eAHa cran e ocraBeHa 6ea Ha4:op orpo- 4eeorlrrre B rpynara ra sefiuara qyAecHa Qmrypa, 6par
N4Ha cyMa napra. Torl o6aqe He nocrra KbM Tflx, KaKTo
^ Opasxn fein, u:aecreH xaro 9epunr tl, rotZro r npfiApyxaBa, Bb3npileMa roBa Karo o6upa vr

npaBflT noBei{ero MnaAil raMeHil. B 4erTrcrerrennocr npilHq Ha noA3eMHuf cBfT, npeAil3BnKBa

nanura ua 6ofi.
cTpax y Bcr4rrKo HaoKono oqe Koraro e eABa
ToBa npeAcraBflflBa r3nilTaHile, na xoeroTopilo nognam To:r eRrupurzrqaB MnaAeX Ha ilMe Opanr lanyvvro,
Ha ABaAecer Kanore:anovaa 4a pa6orn ua
xapaKrepa Ha Mna4exa. Kanone neqeflil AoBeprero Ha I 8-roAn[uHa st:pacr e 6ap r :ana 3a raHqr'r, e nilRH. haeaxga AecercaHTfiMerpoB HoxK, cKpr4T B
ynpaBnrBaHu or lAerr, no npenopbKa Ha
Toplro rrr My ce Bb3nara cr6mpauero Ha AafleHil 3aeMil r gxo6a, r 3aMaxBa no Bpara ua KanoHe, Ho ycnnBa Aa
,[xour Topuo.
AbnxhMr4 cyMA 3a noKpoBilrerrcreo, sapa6oraahxvt no o4pacKa cauo 6yrara My, cneA Koero
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nptrcraHtrr4e. Bnocnegcreue craBa BoAac Ha
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Ha crpax no nrL-iero Ha BceKr, roltro rr nornegne. Toea
o6aqe, no i,1por.1.q Ha cDr5ara, ce oKa3Ba Aocra none3Ho
E)KO H t4 TOPt40
3a no-Harar-bJr,1F xirtsor sa Kanote. lzlruteHHo ro ce
FBFBa nprq!r;rara ropaAlr KoFro An nonyqaBa cBoF npfl- Cneqranlrcrure no t4cropl,4F Ha KpuMl4- 6nrea go 3anraxil, rl3HyABaHe r Hacilnile 3a
xop - Serr:air;rr HaIIilCT14KaTa t'l npeCTt,nHOCTTa nO-KbCHO nocrrlraHe Ha qerilTe cu n Hanpe4tx a 6lt:-
Kanone ce:aprrHa Aa orMbcl4 Ha laayqro il KpbcrocBa 3afiBflBar, ve lxortt Topi,to ocrasa a ucro- Hec ilHTepec!4Te cn. Bcnqro roaa KanoHe
paiaora B T-bpceHe Ha HeroAHhKa. lanyurao uMa o6aqe pilffTa KaTo nal,rcrop KyKnoBoA, 3aqoTo HayqaBa ilMeHHo or Hero. bnarogapeHne
cbro3Hr4qh cpeA raHrcTepilTe, a uHqilAeHT-bT ce pa3- oTcTpaHil noAAt'pxa hMrAXa Ha AocTono- Ha cbBerilTe, Kor4To nonyqaBa or BeflilKl4fl
qTeH rpaxAaHrH, Ho B Aehcreilre,rHocr e cu narpoH Topr,ro, An, or ceoR crpaHa, cbt4o
pacrBa B cnop MexAy rpynilpoBKl4 Bbrpe B noA3eMHilfl
co6ctaenfir Ha HflKo,,rKo ue:axosHtt 6tt:- qeHu ceuettUttF XtlBOT 1,1 Ce npeBpbqa B
cam B xparaHa cMerKa o6ilAara, HaHeceHa or An Ha cec-
ueca. Topuo e nbpBt4flr apxrlreKr Ha cbBpe- raHrcrep, cnoco6en Ea nopbqBa y6vti'ctea,
rpara Ha Apyrvn MnaAex<, ce reann$uqllpa Karo npoc- pecrtn Hocr ll pe-
MeHHara opraHh3r,ipaHa n KOT4TO nO XeC-
runra. Kanone nogHacfl cBonre h3BhHeHilfl t4 Bbnpoc"br
AaBa ilHOBaTUBHT4F Cr nOAXOA K'bM HeL.qaTa TOKOCT HflMAT
ce ypex4a. Taxa HayqaBa ulo 3a cilra ilMar npecr-bnHnre Ha cBor yveHur An Kanore. An atputu paeHn Ha ce6e
opraHil3aqilh KorKo e BaxHo Aa cbyMeeu Aa ce cnpa-
,4 ycnyrv Ha Toptto, cne4 Karo e r3roHeH or cv.
Br4r! c HeAoTaM npt4eMnuBo pa3Bnrne Ha cnryaqilFTa. yqilnfiqe il sa6enRlaH or Hero. Bnoc,reg-
fitpeoroy6rficrao npaeu npra c-u6upaHe Ha 3aeMil
cur crBne cTaBa HeroB naprHbop np,1 cbBMecr-
or Mbx Ha ilMe Tonra llepora, no Hapex4aHe na herTrn. Horo rlM npeB3eMaHe Ha Llrxaro.
Mrxw 3aK-bcHflBau.l c'bc cBoilTe nnaulaHrn, He e B cbc- Topno ynpaxHnBa orpoMHo Blllr'Hvre
rorHile Aa B-bpHe napilTe u KanoHe ro :acrpenea. Taxa erpxy Kanone. ,[r'pxra ny6nr,rvHil AoMoBe,
Ka3ilHa il KpbqMil, HO BbnpeKil Bcil']KO TOBa/ t IxoHfi Topro -
rorTr xe caMo [3nbnHrBa 3anoBeAilTe aa ilehn, ao w
t43KrloquTerHo BaxHvt tl noquTaHil oT Hero naTpoH tr HacTaBHilK
ycnnBa Aa noKaxe Ha KaKBo e cnoco6eH. EcrecreeHo, He Ha KanoHe no nbrfl
ca cbnpyrara My il TexHuFT 4om. BeponrHo
ocraBn il cneAa creA ce6e cn 3a il3BbpueHoro npecr-b- Ha npecftnteHilnTa,
An aaeua xenaHilero 3a HopManeH ceMeeH KOilTO TO OTBeXAaT
nneHile il npilcbcTBa B AoKnaAnTe Ha nonilqilffTa eAnH- xuBor or Toptto. Camnnr Topuo e naqu- anocneAcTafre a
cTBeHO KaTO 3anoAo3pfl H.
Qracl xofrro o6aqe nRma cKpynynr4 Aa npil- NOA3CMHTfl CBflI

PaxAanero Ha cr{Ha My
C ecRro ceoe gerlcrene Kanose Bce noBeqe
noBeqe nor-bBa B xuBora Ha npecrbnHhx. Ha 19-ro-
Al4uHa Bb3pacr ce 3ano3Haea c Meir Ko$nran B eAHH
noA3eMeH xny6. Mer,r e ABe roAfiHr4 no-ronffMa il e c
h cTaBa KpbcTH14K Ha HoBopoAeHoTo, KoeTo Hocrl r,lMeTo
An6upr OpaHcrac KanoHe (o6nxHoseHo Ha rareHo
Cour,r).34paeero Ha Aerero e Aocra KpexKo, cnopeA
HRKOr4, AbnxaUJO Ce Ha 3a6onfBaHerO Ha KanOHe OT

,4pnaHAcKr4 npon3xoA. Bnx4afixu crpofiHara n ere- clAOAntAc.Cunra ce, qe ce 3apa3flBa or BeHepr4Lre-

raHrHa KpacaBrqa, Kanone BeAHara ce enrc6ea. Mefi cKara 6orecr or npocl4TyrKa, Koraro e Ha nerHagecer
noBexAa Bpb3Kara uM K"bM 4ocra 6tpao pa3Burhe. nnil uecrHaAecer roAuH14. An u:rara He caMo cBoFTa
- Mei KoonrH - cbnpyrara Ha
Bunpexu erHiltlecKilTe il
KflacoBrl pa3nnKil Mex4y cbnpyra t4 AeTe Ha orpoMeH pLrcK, Ho noHacR cepu- Kanone. Ts e ABe aoAilHr no-Tofrrla
Yl3pacrBa s ceueficrao, gareu
ABaMara, pogurenmre fi HRuar uac c nporecrilre cil o3Hil nocIeAcTBr4F Ha no-KbceH eTan oT cBoF xr4BoT.
no-3aMoxHo or roBa Ha An, v e c
r 4eoilrara cKnoqBa 6par. Merl Beqe Hocr4 Aerero upnaHAcKil npon3xoA.
Ha An, xoraro ABaMara ce xeHrr. Ha 4 gexeuepr
1918 r. rn paxAa MoMqe. Topno, c'bBceM ecrecrBeHo,

*e.-l- 1
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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 Krnn Homoro c[/t BnaffeHme B ulmxaro
Pea6n,rurupaHe, Koero He
npolbJr?KaBa AbJrfo
HRua Heo6xoALiMocr Aa cna3Ba 6,raronprnuvne e
KrnoHE u lrEli CKJTR)LIBAT 6pax Ha 30 gexerraapr,r oqilTe Ha ocraHarilTe, a Moxe 6u eapea, qe cera rofr
1 91 8 r. s napaKfiilca "CaHra Mapnn". An eux4a e roea e ro3r4, xomro rpn6ea Aa ce rprlxyt ga uaira e/1 vt cBo'
3b3MOXHOCT na npoMeHil cBofl xl4BoT r 3anoqBa rre 6parR il cecrpl4. Kaxearo vt Aa e npvgw ara, rorZ
ca6ora Karo AenoBogilTer B crponrenHara Srapvra ce Bpbr.qa KbM cTapylTe ctA HaBtA|]J/1 il nOAHOBFBa KOH-
Ar,re,ro'l lzbmexga AoBoneH or i43nbnHeHilF c Ml4p raKrilre cm c Topuo. flper nHyapr,r 1921 r.22-rogww-
,r cnoxoficreile xilBo1, rorlro eogr c o6rqaHrre cn Hl,iRr KanoHe noAaBa uon6a :a HanycKaHe Ha crpo-
^ieHa t4 AeTe, cneA KaTO Ct4 t/l3MtABa pbqeTe OT Kpr4Mr4- r4Te[Hara KoMnaHmr "Afteno'l [ocnoguH Araelo ue e
NarHt HaBnqil. fleqelu AoBepilero Ha cBofl pa6oro- AoBoneH or 3aMflHaBaHero ua Kanone, Ho My noxe-
:arer n BcflKa cyrpl4H orriBa Ha pa6ora c il3rnaAeH naBa BcnrrKo HarZ-xy6aeo ,4 My AaBa Ha3aeM nercro-
KocroM r/ BparoBp-b3Ka. HeoqaxeaHo o6aqe npexil- r,rH Aonapa. A,r Hrxora ue ra6paaR ceoR 4rlr u o6e-
-rFBa Henpexanvttua zary6a - S\-ropuwunar n/ly 6au1a LlaBa HFKora Aa ce ornnarr Ha cBofl 6naro4erel.
'a6prere npr4naAa vt yMlpa BcneAcrBile c'bpgeLleH
v LlffKaro e orpoMeH
i'qap Ha 14 uoemeprzr 1920 r.
MeTpononrc B ceBepoil3ToqHaTa
Toplro rr3!'n{3a Ha [peAeH rr.[aH
KanoHe npilc-bcrBa Ha norpe6eulrero Ha 6aqa cr qacr Ha ulara l/lnnuoitc,3apapu
B npogunxeure Ha eAHa ro4mua Topuo npugo6raea
: Hro lzlopr il ce cpeula no ro3rii rparr\leH noBoA cbc AenaTa Ha npecTbnHrllu KaTo
Kanose 9nxaro cr cneqenBa MHoro ronnMa enacr. Kasea ,,c6oron" Ha 6e:xoueq-
cenaeicreoro cn. He e ffcHo KaK-bB e$exr rua cM-bprra
nouara cnaBa Ha rpaA. B KofiTo Hrre raHrcrepct<w eohatn 3a HaAMorqile e SpyxnraH ra
ra 6aqa My Bbpxy caMun An. BeponrHo cMflra, qe Beqe qapu 6e::axoHre. ce ornpaBn ruu 9rraro. Tarvr pa6orra ta,,locnogapn ua

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 Enfitmgtexa Ha crroM efirlrr e Pan$ (sropvrnr cfiH B ceMeficrBo KanoHe) ce nprc'b-
eAuHflBa KbM Hero. learvrara Abpxar Hnronxo 6ap-
AaKa cpeAHa pbKa.

,,fPvlillH Ma n' Kanore 6necrn e pa6orara cr, HaAxBbpttshxn n

Mun" (e npeeog or armuticxu
"fpuiu
elur: 'geneuara rvrennraqa') orBapn Bparu
nper 1907 r. u e rafi-crapunr gxaa 6ap
f-luxaro. flpea ro4uuure ua"cyxua pexuvt"
ce npeBpbqa B Aocra oxuBeHo He3aKoHHo
nnrefiro 3aBe4eHhe. Heroe co6creeHux
e An Kanose. Kageal qe Koraro Bnu3a
"Fprafiil Mvrn'l opKecrbpbr cnnpa Aa cBupvr
!4 npoAbnxaBa c t43nbnHeHue ga lto6u-
Moro nap'{e ra Kanoxe,,PancoAxn
or flxop4x lepuryran.
,,fpnitu Mun" e Mflcro, orKb4ero rpbr-
Bar KbM My3uKanHflr xe6ocxnox unoro
u3BecrH14 u3nbrHurenu. 3aeegenrero
a Qynxquoxupa u AHec, ynpaBnnBaHo or HoB
co6creeHu6 a npe3 yuKeHgrrerbnnara fttm
e To[KoBa rorflMa, KonKoTo u Ha Tbpxecr-
eeHo uecrshe. Koraro ce yMopt4 or Henpec-
B raHHure raHrcrepcxra 6op6ra, KanoHe HaMr-
xaea e,,Fpuftr Mrar'i ra Aa yrotlvl xaxAatt
cn. Btgtuoxuo e cbqo raKa Aa u3nor3Ba 3a
B ct4Hbo" qerra raftnu Kopunopu, BxoAoBe u u3xogvt,
3a Aa ce cKpue oT cBoure cbnepHilqu
faHrcTepcKuTe cpeAu.
Hafr-cmenrre oqaKBaHufl na Topr,ro, Tttl raro uocr
orpoMHvr npnxoAr 3a opraHu3aqunra, Topno ro cnara
Haqero Ha rpyna 3aBeAeH[f, HapilqaHn,,9erupnre
:apa'i lltpeunr erax e 6ap, eropunr e oQrac 3a 3ara-
raHr4fl Ha xoHHu Hag6RrBaHVA, a rperilflT - Ka3hHo.
flocnegnrnr erax e ny6nrveH 4otvt. llocraenuero
Ha KanoHe Haqero Ha ro3t4 6ngHec o3HaqaBa caMo
- qe e nprno3nar orTopno 3a napr-
eAHo, a nMeHHo
nuop. An Beqe He crot4 orBbH, 3a Aa nphBnut{a KnH-
eHrr, Hnro nbK pa6ort4 :a4 6apa. Beve ce npe-
B
Bp'bqa B 6[sHecMeH, xofiro neqenu 25 000 Aonapa
roAHurHo. llo-xrcHo, Koraro nonaAaB none3peHuero

Ha 3aKoHa, Ha 6nn ceRr v3nv3a uu$optuaqnnra, qe no

oHoBa BpeMe Kanose reHepupa neqan6r 3a opraHr-
3aqhfTa, Bb3nr3au{h Ha Tpu MnniloHa Aonapa.
nopora" no pxHoro xpafi6pexrae fixeftmc Konocuuo. An craga gocra no-o6urpaH or npeAil.3a 4a npn-
Ha 11 vrari 1920 r. KonocrMo e 3acrpenflH or 6ilsull4R KpIe KpnMt,tHanHara cu geiHocril Aa cb34aAe Bne'iar-
ue$ na KanoHe, Opanxur Vlehn, v yMhpa B noKBa KpbB neHile, qe e noqreH 6r:Hecuet, npeA cBoilTe cbcegu
Ha noAa B xorencKara cn craf. 3a acuqxu e FcHo, qe r o6qecreoro, ce npeAcraBfl 3a rbproBeq
hein y6uea Konocuuo v nonvpflra ro apecryBa Ha ne6enr Bropa ynorpe6a. B HelHaqrre-
za y6vrhcreo, Ho no-KbcHo o6grHeHuRra ca cHeru. neH rHqtaAeHr o6aqe or aBryct 1922r.23-ro'
Toaa ce grnxnna Qarra, qe eAnHcrBeHrffT cBnAeren
Al4uHl4rr roraBa KanoHe, rofiro uoQupa
Ha y6nficraoro ce crpaxyBa 3a xilBora cu u orKa3Ba
cneA ynorpe6a Ha anKoxor, 3annauBa
Aa AaAe noKa3aHnfl. B ueguure ce pa3raprr BbnHe-
BoAaqa Ha raKcil, c Kororo ce c6nucxea, c
Hr4f u ce pa3npocrpaHfBaT AoraAKn 3a hcTr4HcKara
caMonhqHocT Ha Mo3'bKa, croflr{ 3aA onepaqilflTa. nucToneT, 3apaAn Koero e apecTyBaH or
t{ nxarcrara nonilqnfl . 06uxHoeeHo nogo6Ha
Crvruprra Ha npecrbnHilR 6oc sananea eofina ra na4-
Mou{ue n Bnacl B pe3ynrar or KoflTo Topuo ce npe- cny'{Ka AoKapBa Ha Hapyujurerfl 43BecrHo
epuqa e 6oc Ha 9uraro. BpeMe 3aA peuerKilre. ilonraqeicxnre cny-
Topro rupcn HRxofi, roftro ga craHe HeroBa AflcHa xrlTenu o6aqe ca ronKoBa KopyMnvlpaHu no
prxa. KanoHe Beqe nonuBa AocrarbqHo "Hoy-xay''e oHoBa BpeMe, qe c noAKyn, AaAeH Ha npa-
KpylMilHarHvrfl 6usHec or fierin. floHarpynea cur4o Br4nHilre xopa, Kanoue e oceo6o4eH 6e:
TaKa cqeToBoAHu no3HaHuR or BpeMeHaTa, KoraTo
4opn nro6ulo 4a rray 6t4e noBAurHaro 068r-
pa6oru B crporrenHara Qrapma,,Araeno'l Topro xarea
HeHue. flo4o6Hil t4HqilAeHrr ce npeBpbqar
Ha An, qe Moxe Aa HanpaBu MHoro noBeqe napn,
e o6nqaftHa npaKTuKa u e 6r4eqe, xoraro
oTKOflKOTO neqeru Cera cbc 3aKoHHara cra pa6ora, u
ro KaHu Aa craHe qacr or ernna uy. "C;o<vrflr pexuM"
Kanoue, rrr:ry6eau1 KoHTpon HaA ce6e cet
cb3AaBa HenoAo3upaH[ Bb3MoxHocTt4 3a n3nor3- 3apaAh nilfl HcrBo, 3anoqBa 4a 6yrlcrea.
BaHeTO Ha He3aKOHHOTO npOM3BOACTBO Ha anKOXOI KanoHe e He caMo npngpyxaBaH
KaTO 3HaqilTeneH il3TOrtHt4K Ha He,leraIlHh npUXOAvr. ^ He3aKoHHt4Te nnretlHt4 or cBoure cbnpyra il Aere e 9nraro, uo n
3aBeAeHur npoqtQrrear npe:
Cauuanr Topno Beqe qMa ronnM ycnex npu roHrpa6aH-
20-re roAl4Hl,r Ha Mt4Hannt BeK,
or MHo3uHa or qreHoBere Ha cBoero ceMeftcreo.
Aara Ha arKoxon. Kanoue no-rucHo npoflBrBa cBoF HeBe- B roArHilTe Ha "cyxnn pexuu". Cne4 xaro HarpynBa MHoro napn or pa6orara cn aa
porreH TanaHI, ne..lenefix[ orpoMHo 6orarcreo nMeHHo B Tnxxopara ce aa6agnssal Toprao, rofi aaxynyea co6craeH nMor Ha"Cayr flpepr
go racura, nrefixll arKoxol u
oT He3aKOHHa rbproBnfl c anKoxoJlHl4 HanurKvl. AeeHto".
cnyuailKh My3nKa.

YupannreJr Ha rrydJrurreH AoM

llpn HaerpurBaHero Ha ABaAecer il Bropara My
foAl4Ha noBepfBar Ha KanoHe ynpaBneH4ero Ha rpe-
ropa3pflAeH 6op4efr. ,{opur ra cpeA npecrbnHfiqhre
Ha npocn4ryq[ffra He ce rneAa c go6po oKo, Ho npn-
xoAuTe/ KovlTo Hoc14, F npeBpbu.laT BbB BpaTa KbMZamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
ycnexa 3a BceKn MnaA raHrcrep. flo-rtcHo 6par rvry
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IlpeuecrnaHe B rpaAqero l{uqepo
floeEwro or nonapflcxurE cnlDKurenil u npeAcra- cnpflMo He3aKoHH[re 3aBeAe-
r_ll4flT4
BrrentaTe Ha Bnacrra npe3 epara Ha KanoHe ca noAKyn- Hrn, geficreaqu Ha repilropr4nTa Ha
BaHu Aa na3fr Mbr'{aH[ e, 6ueahxu BbBnr4qaHu e fthHu rpaAa, KaKTo il B npeFoBopl4 c ocra-
cnopa3yMeH[fl c 6aHgrare. 9raHoeHur c no4o6Ha neqaflHa Hanure npecrbnHil opraHu3aqun
crlaBa e KMerbr Ha 9uraro Yylnnna Xefin lioruncrH. Tesr orHocHo orBapflHero Ha HoB 6r:uec,
yjarKoHeHu B3ailMoorHolleHilfl Mex{'Ay AlpxaBH4 cny- npn roBa Ha HoBa repuropnn. Cre4
xl4Tenr r faHrcrep[ BoAFT Ao cb3AaBaHero Ha KnnMaI Karo ypexAa noroxeHrero o Llnqepo,
e xoliro cbBceM o6raqariHo exeAHeBhe ca cnftaure Ha Topuo ce ornpaBfl Ha nbreuecrBue B
rzrHrcrepcKo HacvntAq n3nbrrHeHn c 6apyr n npax. Or lAtanna, ocraeRfi ril qflnoro ynpaBne-
Bcl4trKo roBa HecbMHeHo 3acerHaru ca o6ilxHoeeHure Hue B p'bqere ua Ar Kanone. Cauusr
rpaxAaHu vr rflxHara 6eronacnoo; Ho nonrqyrflTa He Topuo gtpna KoHr.lilre 3aA Kyn[o4Te,
norrara Hu Harl-uanro ycranue Aa ycMl4pr4 pa3BilrHerure BbnpeKu ue gericraurenHMFT ynpaBrn-
ce 6aHgr. [.lJuper4oro ce 6e33aKoHue BoAt4 Ao onilrAa ce Baul Bcr4rrKr4 onepaqur Ha opraHh3a-
cBanu KMerbr or enacr. Cneg xaro Tomncuu e pa3rpoMeH llilrra e mnagrRr An, xofiro npeeptqa ^ Kanore noeu pn6a ua
noAKaTa ch.
B KMercKure uz6opu 3apagu AonycKaHero 9nxaro 4a ce nopyreHilfl xoren "AHroH" e caori o$rac u 3anoqBa Aa
npeBbpHe B 3oHa, onacHa 3a xilBoT, MflcToTo My ce 3aeMa orBapfl 3aBeAeHufl , npeAnarau.ll4 He3aKoHHo anKoxofl,
or cepno3Ha nuqHocr Ha uMe Ynnnv fleaup. leaup
E. KaKro 14 MHoxecrBo nor4nu rcny6oBe. EAI4H or rrx e
HacoqBa BcilqKr4 cBor4 ycunvflKbM HanaraHero ua"cyxva He6esilseecrHuRr "KoruH l\na6" e Llraqepo (no Hraxa-
pexuu'i Ho roBa caMo AonfiBa Macro B orbHfl, a npecrb- KbB HaquH o6aqe HRMa Bpb3Ka c nonynnpHr4fl AXa3
nneHilffra 3aqecrflBar. flonuquRra ce 3axBaqa cepuo3Ho xny6 crc c'blr1oro rarvre, $ynxquoHnpaq B Xapnerra (Hro
cbc cb3AanaTa ce crryaqrF. lzlopx), no xofiro e HanpaBeH n eAHouMeHHua $unu
Toprao o6ptr4a cepho3Ho BHilMaHue Ha norilrr4Kara, ,Cofton
Club").
npeAnpueMaHa or ,[eHetp, yr peuaBa Aa npeMecru
qa6xaaprrapara cn B oKolHocrure B MaflKoro rpaAqe
PagnnqHn r{rrrepec[, cb6panlr B eIHo
ljrqepg xoero e c HaceJreHne 40 000 gyuu. Pa3nonoxeH
ua 30 uuHyru nrr c rona or 9uKaro, ocHoBHara My uH4yc- flo ctqoro BpeMe B opraHr3aqrnTa r3FBeHa nnq-
rp]4fl e npou3BoAcTBoro ua rene$oHuu anapaTr. 80 o/o or Hocr cpeA 6parnra ua KanoHe e rperurr cuH - OpaHr.
xurenure My ca uMurpaHru or EoxeunR (o6nacr e :anag- Toft e ehcor n crpoeH mtx - naft-rpactABtAtr r43Mex,4y
Hara qacr Ha AHeuHara 9eura peny6nrara), o6oxaeaqur 6parnra. 7l:rno64a go6pe e KocloM yt BoAl4 BcrKaKbB
6rapara u onpeAereHo HeroAyBau{il cpeuly nocraHoBne- poA nperoBopvl
uuar a na " cyxun pexra u'i no xapaKrepeH
flper orromepn 1923 r. Topr,ro orKpuBa ny6nr,rven cAbpxaH HaqilH.
AoM B ToBa ruxo rpaAqe. B uaqanoro npeKapBa 3Haqr- Oco6eHu 3acnynA
TenHo BpeMe B ycnoKoflBaHe Ha peaKquure Ha noflh- rMa 3a ycraHoBffBa-

Ilrrrrnane BbB Blreuero

VCTOPUA HA Y6]4I4CTBATA HA KANOHE

3a KanoHe y6raftcreoro e nari-4o6puflT Mero& u3nofl3BaH B nMero Ha cnoxorino u
6ernpo6aeuno ocbu1eclBffBaHe Ha 6rexec. l4gnon:sa ro, 3a Aa ce 3aqt4Tr4, Aa nog-
Abpxa qenocTTa Ha opraHh3aquflE unn Aa cneqenu npeilMyqecrBo 3a cBohre Haqu-
HaHUfl,
4 Xeprea Ha nbpBoro
y6uucreo, n3BbpureHo or
An, e qoeeK xofito s3erua
napu Ha3aeM or Opauxu
t4eran. OcuqecrerBa ce or4e
e Hro iloprl xoraro Kanone e
e4ea 1&roguLueH.
Cneg npeMecrBaHero
cil e 9uraro Kanone y6nea
lvttx<, xorlro My HaHacfl
o6raga, gpe6ex ruroueHuK Ha
r,rme fixo Xayup4. Ctqara
roAilHa pbKoBoAuTerflT Ha
upnangcxa 6aH4a fiurn O'6auuru e y6u1 creg xaro u3MaMBa c ]43BecrHa cyMa napil
cauun fixoru Topno. Kanone y6raBa oqe e[uH Bo4aq Ha ilpnaHgcKt4 6an4rana npee
1925 r. - Pravapg fioHeprau, xofiro eogu eofina c OpaHru lZerln ra xoHrpora Bbpxy
6pyxnaH. Cne4eaqara 1926 r. y6raea no HeBHuMaHue nph raHrcrepcKa npecrpenKa
npoKypopa Maxcyurmn, c Kororo uMa nputrencKu B3itnMoorHouleHun. Crqara
ropuHa AoHacr n ovrrprm na bpn Bafrc - voeerul xorlro e npuemnux na O'Eatutu r,r
npaBu onilrfla cil orMbcTl4, ycrpofiaafixu sacaga ua Topr,ro. Kanoue y6uea crr4o raxa
6uewnn cu 6oc Opanxra lZein nper 1928 r.. cnen raro Opanxn eanoqBa Aa orBnilqa
nparKilTe My c Konrpa6aHgeH anxoxon. C oxecroqaBaHero Ha raurcrepcxure aofrtr,r
cbo3Hl4qure Ha Kanore - Tonra florvr6apgo u flacxaruno flonop4o, cbl{o HaMnpar
cMbprra cil. He6eshseefiuoro xmne or [eHr Ha cB. Banerruu a geficrsurelHocr e
orMbqeHuero Ha 6angara ua Kanoue:a rexHure y6urlcrea.
Kanoue ycnnea Aa npeMaxHe BcuqKr4 onoHeHTu, nocrasRfrxil qelrn paftou na
9uraro no4 csofi xorrpon. OrporvrHara My npecrbnHa opraHil3aqufl cu6upa nesr,rx-
gaun nevan6r or npogax6ara na xoHrpa6augeH aaKoxofl. Hanraro u 6e:anenaqu-
onxo, npeuaxeafiKr BcuqKu re3u, Kolffo no HflKaKbB HaquH npegcraBnflBar npeqKa 3al
HeroeuR 6n:Hec, ce npeBpbu{a B eflHonr4qeH rocnoAap Ha nog3eMHrfl cBFr.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 I

LlrKaro npe3 1 927 r Kossnre Ha46rreaHnn ca gocra

^ fpaAqero Ut4qepo no BpeMero, Koraro KanoHe npeMecrBa cBotra ^ XunoApyMtr e ApnnHrrbH flapx, r:rpapeu B oKorHocrrre Ha
ula6KBaprilpa B Hero. floAo6Ho Ha LlilKato ce HaMilpa B o6nacr KyK nonyagpHu no oHoBa BpeMe, a caMHFT Kanone orxpnsa xffnoApyMa e l-lrqepo, KbAero ce npoBexAa cbcre3aHfrero
(ulara l4nnnorac)" Yl3BecrHo e c roBa, qe e ce4arhl4e Ha 3ana4Hara ,,XorbpH': Ecrecrseno, neqan6ata or 3an03ff s te:r raaonTsasrF e npeABap[TenHo ocurypeHa
eneKTpfr cecKa KoMnaHufl .

HeTO Ha KOHTaKTil MeXAy OpraHil3allnflTa il rpaAcKaTa BecrH vl r-lr4 noAxBaqar t4cropwflr a. ly' : m exga Ll e n otl h-

ynpaBa Ha uilqepo. [lpaam cnopa:yMeHne c rRX, cnopeA
Koero raHrcrepilTe llle AetlcrBar Heo6e3noKoflBaHil, B
3aMflHa Ha KOeTO Ule OcilrypflT AOCTaT-btlHO KOnilqecTBO
ilacoBe no BpeMe Ha M36opt4.3a cauara opraHil3aqrF
e Aaneq no-recHo 14 yAo6Ho Aa ABIA>K'A CBOfl 6il3Hec CbC
cbAeftcrBuero Ha rpaAcKara ynpaBa. TaKa ce c-bqeraBar B
eAHO r4HTepechTe il Ha raHrcTepfiTe, r Ha ynpaBHilqure.
lzlarnexga qe raHAeM-br Toptrto-KanoHe He Moxe Ea
6u4e cnpnu. ,{oxaro Opanr peopraHn3npa p'bKoBo[-
crBoro HaA rpaAa, Bropfirr 6par na KanoHe, PanQ, orBapr
nopeAHr4n ny6nuveu AoM B c-bcelHoro Ha Llt4qepo
fpaAqe oopecr xilnc.
Oopecr Xnnc cbBceM HacKopo ce npeBp-bqa B pailoH
or l-luqepo il Bce oule HFMa a[MvlHt/crparilBHa opra-
Hu3aqilF. laurcrepcxoro
SynrquoHilpa He caMo
rvrncro
Karo 6apAaK Ho e cbrl]o raKa 6ap, cKnaA 3a 6oenpunacu
TilLrecKilTe c-blo3Ht4q14 Ha 6parflTa Kanole ca
o6peveHu Ha npoBan npm ynpaxHFBaHero Ha
w6opHvt npaBa or crpaHa Ha rpax4aHt4re. Toea
o6a,re He cnilpa ilHLlnAeHTilTe/ Karo Hanph-
Mep apecryBaHero Ha aKTvlBt4cTl4 or on03tltl14-
oHHn napruu. qilKarcKara nonvl-],l/lfr u3n pa qa
cneqilanHm nonilqetlcKil orpflAt4, Ha6poF-
eaulr,r o6qo 70 cnyxwenu, Kot4ro Aa ocilry-
pnr 6eronacuocrra Ha rnacono4aBarenilTe B
vt6opavn 4eu. Egurenen oxpaHilrerl Bl4xAa
npn6nuxaeaq ce Mbx tir peuaBafiKu, qe roBa
e OpaHK Kanoue, He3a6aBHo orKpuBa orbH.
KanoHe u:napa e npocr or y6uficreoro Ha OpaHK,
HO He e B CbcTofHile AilpeKTHo Aa oTMbcTl4 Ha BbB-
neqeHnTe nuqa.
lzluqngeurrr npoMeHF noBeAeHilero Ha KanoHe. Ao ^ YunflM E. AeBbp/ npneMHuKbr Ha

TO3r/ MOMeHT nOTilCKa XeCTOKOCTTa CU,6narOgapeHre Ha Yrrnu Xeth Tounc'bH Ha KMercKilfl

n ravHa KBaprilpa, B KoflTo ce noKpilBar npecTbnHilqr4 cror B LltrKaro. OnrrBa ce crpt4xrHo
or nonflquflra. KanoHe ynpaBrrffBa h Ka3ilHo "The Shil BnyrRHileTO Ha CBOfl 3aCTaBaUl Cpeuly HaCUnheTO HaCraB-
Aa Hanox,4 nocTaHoBneHfi tTa
(Kopa6rr) il KoHTponilpa 3aro3ilre B KoHHrre nag6nraa- HilK il noKpoBr4ren Topuo. Cxopo o6ave opraHil3aqrffra Ha 3aKoHa pexrm" u
=a"cyxua
Hnn,,XorupH'l Toea poeex4a Ao oqe no-cr4nHo pa3uil- ule nperbpnil MeraMopoo3a, KoFTo qe ff npeBbpHe B 3agBFBa rBbpAoro cr y6exgenre,
ce KopynqiloHHara rbproBl4fl c
pflBaHe Ha HeroBoTo BflvrflHne. egra 6e:umocrHa 6aHAa. ffprr npranaep 3a roBa e y6vta-
xon rpa6au,qeH anKoxon Moxe Aa
MexAy 1923r.v1924r.uvrxoir He cMee Aa ce fi3npaBvl crBoro or S tla,ia 1924 r. ua ,Qxo Xuyopn, Kororo KanoHe 6rge u:ropeHeHa.
cpeqy 6parnra Kanone. Mna4 xypHarilcr Ha ilMe Po6tpr 3acrpenBa nilqHo.,[pe6Hunr npecTbnHilK xaybpA HaHacF
Cefinr lxoH ny6nvrcyea nopegilqa crarvvt B ceAMnq- Kp-bBHa o6vAa Ha Kanoue, uapnvatlxu ro,,ceogHu(l An
Hr,rxa,,Llraqepo Tpn6roH'i nznarahxvr Ha noKa3 u pa3Hnq- r4HCrr4HKrr4BHO l43A'bpnBa peBoflBep OT AXO6a Cu n y6nea
eailxu ectAvxw HeqecrHr4 Aena B opraHm3aqilflTa Ha raH- Ha Mflcro Xayup4. Y6urZcrBoro ilMa MHoro cBr4gereiin, Ho

4evra Topuo-KanoHe. Kanone o6aqe HrMa nu nafi-uanra rri raro BcvrrrKil ce 6onr ga xilBora cv, Hvtro eAilH or rflx
npegcTaBa 3a pa3Mepilre Ha rpare4ilflra, Kotro re:u ny6- He ce ocMerffBa Aa AaAe noKaaaHnR. flonnqrflTa He Moxe
- HaqronanHata xorQepenqrr na
nvKatlwvt ule My HaBfleKaT. Aa apecryBa il3BlpluurenF Ha npecrbnreHhero nopaAil Peny6nilKaHcKara naprl/l9, Kofl ro
nnnca Ha AocTaT-brrHo AoKa3aTeIcTBa. ce npoBexAa npe3 oHu 'l 920 L
Cneg crvruprra Ha OpaHrl Kanose ocilrypnBa ra:6opa Ixoy3e$ KteHn, KMer Ha Uuqepo no
Cnrcprra Ha HeroBrrq 6par (Dpaurc Ha KMeTCKOTO MflCTO B L.[UqepO Ha nOAApbxHtARa CVt
BpeMero, Koraro KanoHe KoHTponhpa
rpaga, n Ynnrm Xeftn Tounctx,
,,lraqepo Tpra6ron" craprnpa KaMnaHilF 3a npoqncr- flxoyee$ Kneur m Aopu 3aKynyBa,,lraqepo Tpra6nn" - KMerbr Ha LlnKaro, HaMtrpaq ce B
BaHe Ha rpaAa oT faHrcTepnre qpe3 peAoBHt4 AonilcKu 3a BecrHvtKbT, roriro my AoHacff TonKoBa MHoro HenpuflT- rafrHo c-bApyxhe c 6aHAnrnre, ca
HererarrHara geirHocl, r43BbpuBaHa or 6parnra Kanoue Hocryr M rnaeo6onils. llo rosvr HaqilH Han'bnHo ocbulecr- peny6nuxaHqu.

Henocpe4crBeHo npe4n ra:6oprare 3a KMer. OcraHanrre BRBa npeB3eMaHeTo Ha rpaAa.

ii#:li,''",* .;

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

^ A[r'H O'baHilbH - Tapropbr Ha
xonrpa6aHgara c anKoxon e Ceaepro
9rxaro.,[tpxu qBerapcKh Mara3uH r e
HaTOBapeH C OCnrypfBaHeTo Ha qBeTF
:a norpe6eruero xa 6para Ha Kanoxe
Oparx.
v KanoHe, ua6no4asaq c urrepec
Qyr6oneH Maq (BAflcHo). OcBeH ce
c-bcpeAoToqaBa qrnoTo c,l BHnMaHre
KbM flOA3eMHrf CB9l HnKOra
He nponycKa Aa ce ga6asngga s
cao6opHoro cn apeue.
icb
Mpa K n noqecril B no,q3eM Hwfl CBFT
Crr,r.nrr na Kanone
Karronp 3Anor{BA raHrcrepcKr4n cyr xr4Bor Karo cBoA-
Hr4K HO yqacrBa
Heto il no MHoto Apyfr/ HaqilHil - Aeno-
B fi3Arra Ao BbpxoBeTe Ha noA3eMHilfl CBffT.
BogilTen, KoMapAxt4ff, xourpa6augucr Ha anKoxon il
y6raeq. Cneg Karo neqenr rqoBepilero Ha ,[xouu Toprao,
eABa Ha 25-roguLuua Bb3pacr ce c4o6uaa c orpoMHo
cbcronHne h ynpaxHfl Ba orpoMHa enacr. 3aenagneaixr
HanbflHo rpaAqero lnqepo, HacoqBa norneAa ch h KbM
caunR Llnraro.
llo
oHoea epeue Kanone 3anoqBa 4a o6purqa cne-
quanHo BHilMaHile Ha Mogara. Brcox e oxono 1,80 ra. r
BbnpeKil rpy6oro cta renocnoxeHhe, e Aocra rrbpraB
il TbBKaB.Hocu nptcreu c AilaMaHI crpymul AecerKrl
xAnqrytr Aonapa. Torl e rorm, xoriro ereexga MoAara Ha
BbHruHr4fl Br4A Ha mHrcrepa - uanxa,,EopcannHo" il nypa.
Henoeropruoro My crunHo il3r-bqBaHe npltBnilqa oKoro
Ha MHO3hHa/ BbnpeKil qe npeAn3BhKBa crpax,
Ha orpoMHa nonynffpHocr. Crrnrr ua Kanone
BAbXHOBeHUe Ha EHrCTepCKl4fl XaHp B KI4HOTO.
flpe4arencrBoro na O'Eannrn
KoHrpa6an4ara c yilcKu e ocHoBHr4flT t43rortHylK
xoAn B raHrcrepcKr4fl cBffr. Mrprl
vraftro nocpepHuK Ao
ro3r4 MoMeHr e Toprq 6up:o ce patna,qa. BofiHara Ms{Ay
6angrare:a npaBara Rbpxy npoAax6ara Ha
arrKoxofi eget7crenrenHocre eoftHa 3a HagMou{ue, KoflTo
Aocrilra HarZ-aylcoxilre eraxu B ynpaBneH[ero Ha grxaro.
KonQnrrrur e HapeqeH or npecata "Srapenra eoilnn", a
BeCTHt4l-lilTe Tbl/DKaT OT BOAeulil 3arnaBnF, CBbp3aHh
Bb3H14KHarh xecroKr4 t4HllilAeHru. 9erupu 4o ner xeprBt4,
y6ueautt BceKh Mece4 ce cBbp3Bar Heh3MeHHo c qepHilfl
na3ap Ha anKoxona. Kaxeoro u y6uhoeo pa ce il3e-bpulr4,
To BuHarr ce cBbp3Ba c rMero Ha KanoHe.
laHrcreprr erHaril ycnnBa Aa ur6erHe apecrvt,3apaAvt
nunca Ha conv4Hn AoKa3arencrBa, Ho y6nftcreara caur
no ce6e cr geficraar no:a6aeen HaqrH B HeroB ilHre-
pec. CunepHnqure vre3rL Kot4ro ce il3npeqBar Ha nbrfl
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
My/ cB-bpuBar B KoBqet a Me)qyBpeMenno Kanone ce
lzlua o6aqe il eAilH qoBe6 rotiro uerogyea u 3aBilxAa
Ha ycnexhre sa KanoHe ufopuo, t4 ToBa e Bo4aqbr Ha
fi pn a HAcKr4re 6au gw u,[ratu O'Ea H utH, KoHrpon u pa q
xoHrpa6aH4ara c anKoxon B ceBepHara qacr Ha grxaro.
llpr.rsr,rgHo ce cbto3nBa c raHAeMa Kanone-Toprao, Ho
s 4eficrerrenHocr aarpa6sa ratlHo anroxonHilTe Aoc-
raexr. llpuuuHflBa HenpilrrHocru n tpv)t<t/t, Kovfio
npeAh3Br4KBaT THeBa Ha ilTaIlilaHCKrTe faHrcTepu.
O'SaHrauH u[a :a6ilea nox a nrp6a. O$raqraanHo o6n-
BFBa 3aBp-br.qaHero cl4 h npeAnata Aa npexBbpflu nilBo-
aa puara "3r,r6en" (6a:a Ha HeroBilre xoHrpa6aHgu n one-
paqun) Ha Toprao. Toea o6aqe e KanaH. O'EaHiluH sHae
npe4Bap!4renHo, qe B "3v6eu" qe Haxnye nonvqv+.
r ce paABa KaHil o6a.re Topno s nhBoBapHara na 19 vah 1924 r.
otpKil 3a Karro ce r oqaKBa npeABapilrenHo, Topr,ro e apecryBaH.
Haraganuero He 3aKbcHflBa, a Toprao ce 3ag-bnxaBa Aa
nnapr rno6a B pa3Mep na 5 000 Aonapa fi Aa npeKapa
AeBeT Meceqa 3aA peueTKilre.
Ha npil-
Krpnano orMbrrleHrre
Kanoue HayqaBa 3a npeAarerrcrBoro Ha O'EaHurn ra
xourpa6aH4eH npaBil 3aroBop :a y6r,rricreoro rvry. [o4uHa cneg apecra
Ha Topr,ro, ua 10 4ererraepn 1924 r., O'EanrauH nonyqaBa
uecr il3crpena or ynop nocpeA 6nn gen roqHo npeA
qBerapcKr4 Mafa3uH, roiro e Heroea co6crgeHoct
C flcuo e, qe qoBeKbI, xorZro glpna KoHqhre, e Kanone,
Ho nonyrqaure oqeBhAHo qyBcrBar o6nexqesne 3apaAil
:ary6ara Ha raHrcrepcKr4 flrAep il nonararrB'bp4e ManKo
yctAnva B pa3cneABaHero Hay6rrlcreoro. lzl ruarap ga ce
cMnra, qe cMbprra sa O'6auurH qe EoHece Mltp B noA-
3eMHLrf CenT, e AelacBrTenHocT AoBex,qa Ao oxecToqa-
BaHe Ha raHrcrepcKhre eofinm, nopaxgarlxn xenaHue 3a
oTMbqeHre cpeA npMeMHrqilre My.
KanoHe, or cBofl crpaHa,3anoqBa ga par6rapa, qe cera
% {rr.'
s{'lah-t:\
Irq*,,,jflillllff
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xl4Bolbr 14 c'bqecrByBaHeTo My B nhqeH nnaH ca il3rlo- npeMecrBa qa6reag ',iii.?i
. 'T,i
iai'
xeHu Ha Aaleq no-ronfM pt4cK tl onacHocTt4, oTKotlKoTo rfiparzr cl4 B anapr-a-
npeAil. norqApbxHuqhre Ha o'SaHHbH Kpoflr 3aroBop 3a MeHT Ha nyKCO3Hhf
noKyueHre cpeuly KanoHe, Koero ce onrTBar Aa ocb- xoren "Merponon'l
ulecrBnr oKono AeceruHa n'b14. Kanone BuHaril Hoct4 l,4sil4eHs Ha npe-
3apeAeH peBonBep, ABl4xu ce o6xptxeH or reroxpaHil- At4UJHnre Ch HaBhLlH
Terr n Heil3MeHHo n3non3Ba agroMo6ilna cfl BceKil nbr, Aa cTot4 Aaneq or
Koraro u3nn3a HaetH. Ha 12 nnyapn 1925 r. no xonara o6qecreeHoro none-
na An ce orKpuBa KapreqeH oruH. lltnrurul Bo3eul ce 3peHile il ce onuTBa
Ha npeAHara ceAanKa, e paHeH, a HoBt4sr uLoQuop y6rrrr. ga 6rae Ha oqil Kott-

CamrRr KanoHe, rotaro no roBa BpeMe ce HaMilpa B eAuH KOTO Ce MOXe noBeqe.
pecropaHl ce oTbpBaBa HeBpeAilM. Kanoue ilMa cllaBara
Topro cut4o BH[MaBa 3a cBorra crrypHoc; Ho He B Ha qoBeK rpaAnqmoHHo

c'bqara creneH Karo KanoHe. Torl HanycKa qecro 9uraro npilBbp3aH ruu ceueit-
v BVHarv cMeHR MecronofloxeHilero Ha cBo[Te 6uruec CTBOTO Cr4, KaKTO il Ha

gena, Tara ycnflBa n3KycHo 4a nr6rraa or BparoBere cu, eHTycua3upaH 3pilTen

no aa24 ntyapv, l 2 4Hra cne4 araKara cpeL4y An, craea Ha 6oxcoeu MaqoBe t1
xeprBa ua crpen6a npeg co6craeHt fl ct AotM. [eara 6erirs6onHu urpv1 tArpa- d'-r +-*i*+ed
-
h3crpena BbB BpaTa il rbpAilre My fo noBartT Ha naBaxa. efrru cbqeBpeMeHHo
Epuu ot y6uh4rre ce npu6nrxaBa,3a Aa ro AoBbpltll4 c KrroqoBa ponn B MHoxecrBo KbpBaBil nn4ngenw. A ^ fl raeosapsara "3il6es';
ynpaBnf BaHa cbBMecTHo oT
KOHTpOneH h3cTpen, HO B Cbl{l4F MOMeHT Ce nOflBflBaT MaKap Aa e oqeBilAHo, qe cTot4 3aA LlflnaTa xecToKocT KanoHe, O'6aHu'bH h Topuo. B

t4 Hacun4e,HfMa HnKaKBil AoKa3arencrBa 3a HeroBara Hef He3aKoHHo ce npo43BexnaT

cBrAereril, a B peBonBepa He ocraBar Kyputytur. Xopara,
orpoMH14 xonuvecrea 6rpa.
rouro nr6npar ra qen Kanoue, ca Brucenr flpyvtt, bpn Bpb3Ka c npecTbnfleHilff.
Bailc u,Qxopgx MopaH. Ha 27 anpnn 1926 r. a ilHLlrAeHr Kanone cnyvaftHo
y6wea 6vin Marcyurun *
npoKypopbr, c xofrro nog-
Orrer.nsHero Ha Topuo Abpxa npr4rrencKil B3auMoorHoueHun. Ma rcyuru u ce
oKa3Ba Ha Mflcro, KbAero An crpenn no HenpnrrencKa
Toprao e orKapaH e 6onnuqa, KbAero ycnnBa Aa oqe-
6aH4a. Crutprra Ha npoKypopa orBapfl paHa B noA3eM-
nee Karo no qygo. Cne4 ro:r uHLlilAeHr peuaBa Aa ce
HuR ceRr. KanoHee nphHyAeHga uanycne 9uKaro, npeAH
orrerru. Ha 9 Qeepyapu 1925 r. Bnr3a B 3arBopa, 3a Aa
normr-14nTa4a ce 4o6epe Ao Hero. ,Qoxaaarelcreara
n3nexil npilc-bAara, nofiyqeHa 3apaAil cIrlafl B n[Bo- qe
coqal B ilHr-lnAeHTa e u3nor3BaH KapTeqeH nhcTo-
BapHara "3n6en". l4gnexaea HaKa3aHilero B A'bpxaBHutl
ner MoAer Tounctn M!921. KourpernnRr cnyuati eogn
3arBop Ha qara l4nunofic I npeAaBa qnflara Bnacr Bbpxy
AO npneMaHero hMeHHo Ha To3l4 MOAen OrHeCTpenHO
opraHn3aLluflra Ha Kanoue. flpe: nponerra ua 1 925 r. An
opbxue KaTo ocHoBHo B faHrcTepcKt4ff cBfr.

PasrrilqHa
,,cyxuAT PEXI4M'VI
CbCTE3AHI4flTA c ABTOMO6nnU
Hafi-nonynnpHara nhra aa aaroMo6urFn4 cbcre3aHufl B 6ytvnxa pom. l1o-xtcuo cb34aBa na6op or
gHeLuna Auepuxa e NASCAR (HACKAP -
HaquoHanHara aco- npaBuna B cbTpyAH14qecTBo c Ipyn4 ocHoBo-
qnaqilr 3a cbcre3arerHh aeroMo6ilnu). Kopenrare ra o6aqe nonoxHr4r.14 Ha cnopra u3 qrna Auepuxa u
Aarhpar or epara aa"cyxvtn pexnm". Ctcte3aternute agto- crara Haqanoro Ha AHeuHhff HACKAP. Bcsxa
tto6vnvt u3rnex4ar Ha BbHtlteH Bufl Karo HopManHure, Ho roAilHa ce npoBexAar oxoro 2 300 ctcre-
a 4eficreurenxocr ca npuro4eHu cnequarHo 3a cbcre3a- 3aHUf, Ha KOnrO npncbcrBar ner Mufll4oHa
urR. flo epemero aa"cyxua pexum"nopuanHo n3rrlexAaqu 3phrenil. flapuvHara Harpafla ra uafr-po-
aerovo6nnil rnn 'Cegan'ce nrograQraqrapar il il3non3Bar 3a 6tp uoQuop Ha roguHara HaABnuaBa eAuH
rpaHcnoprr4paHe na xourpa6aHfleH arKoxor Ao cborBer- MhnuoH Aonapa.
uure nnreftxn 3aBe4eHht. UoQuopure, Kot4To rr4 ynpaBnff-
ear ca Heo6uxxoBeHo yMenu, Koraro ce orHacn Ao 6srcreo ) ,qxoH T. ToMncbH AeMoHcrpupa HoBoro ct4
or Bnacrure. 3a ga ycretpureHcrBar r.uo$uopcxrre ch cno- n:o6pereHne - xapreqeH nncroner. 6neungt
aoeHeH ToMncbH ocHoaaea Qnpma, rorro my
co6uocru, Bogaqure ilM ce HagnpeBapBar no BTopoKnacHu
AaBa Bb3MoxHocr ga pa:pa6orea orHecrpenHo
ntrnqa. Cmnra ce, qe raKa Bb3Hl4KBar cbBpeMeHHhre cbcre- opbxue, cneA Karo HanycKa apMhfra, KoeTo
3aHur, opraHu3upaHu or HACKAP. yc'bB'bpueHcrBa npe3 1921 r. CMbproHocHara cnna
Torn sra4 agrouo6unnu cbcre3aHrfl npogbnxaBa n cne4 Ha ToBa ,43o6pereH[e e orKpilTa or raHrcrepnre,
npeMaxBaHero na "cyxua pexnrur". flpes nRroro ua 1938 Konro ro n3non3Bar ete eoiHure nomex4y
r. 6un Opauc, 6ar4ara na qoBeKa, rotlro craea no-KbcHo cu.3apagn xapaxrepHns ctl 3ByK npn n3crpen
uLeS Ha HACKAB npoBexrqa cbcre3aHt4e Ha nnaxoBere Ha nonyqaBa npo:enqero "9uxarcKara neqarHa

flafrroHa 6uiu, uarpa4ure 3a Koero ca MoropHo MacroZamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

uauuga". 14
 BorZna w npegarencrBo
flosa Ha orreurqHe
Xraeorbr HA KAIIOIIE e grxaro npe4cramflBa Henpe- B rpa4a ce cnopa3yMnBar Aa 3a6paBrr Heulara or MuHa-
KXHata ilrpa Ha KorKa il MuuKa cbc cmlprra. Buuarr noro u Aa cnoxar xparl na 6op6ara cra. llprarvu,rpraero npo-
HaqpeK rora npegnpneMa BneqarflflBaqu MepKil 3a cBo- AbnxaBa eABa ceAeMAeceTAHr4, Ho nOHe 3a ManXo 9UXarO
FTacilrypHocl HanpilMep ycrnea aeroruo6nna cu, MoAerr ce npeBpbula B Mncro Ha Milp u cnoKorZcrsne. flo culqoro
'Kanvtna(, cbc croMaHa il Kyk
My nocraBfl ycroitunev Ha BpeMe Ha cqeHata orHoBo ce noflBflBa Yrnnna Tol,lncuH.
uryMn crbKna. HenpaeurencrBeHnre opraHr3aqfiil u HanycHan KMercKyrF cron HFKonKo roAtAHtA npeAr roBa,
MeAnilTe npoAbnxaBaT c r3FBilre cn cpeuly raHrcrepilre, cera c noAKpenara Ha KanoHe e npeil36paH orHoBo 3a
a MHOro xopa B rpaAcKara ynpaBa ce npeBp-bular BbB Bpa- KMer npe3 anpvn 1927 t. lA3rnexqa, ve o$uquanHoro
roBe Ha Kanoue, cleg xaro o6prrqar rpr6 Ha nog3eMHylfl o6seneaHe Ha orrernflHe or crpaHa Ha KanoHe ue e Hruqo
ceRr. Caruusr An ce HaMupa no4 cfineH crpec.
Apyfo, ocBeH cTpaTerilfl v TaKrvKa, c KoflTo Aa xB'bpnyr
Hanycxa 3a MarKo guraro r
nbryBa, Ho He 3a A'bnro. npax B orlure Ha o6ulecrBoro.
Bupern qe e HaflcHo c pr4cKoBere, Koylro Hocr/ ToBa,
e xparZua cMerKa npueMa Aa 3acraHe npeA nonilqilrra Knanero or AeHfl Ha cB. BanenruH
no Aenoro ra y6raircreoro Ha MaxcyrruH. flpurHaea, ve r Kanone peuaaa, ce trcKa Aa ce BlpHe
KbM BpeMeHara Ha cta6nnnocr npr 3a xparur nepno4 cneg,,MupHara KoHQepeHqiln"
npoKypopbT e peAoBeH noceryFer Ha 3aBeAeHuRTa My
ynpaBneHflero ua lxoru Topno, ctctrnaHr
HrMa HilKaKBh KpbBonponilTytff. KanoHe Abpxil noBe-
h npr4eMa AaBaHylre nogKynil. Kanone ycer.qa, ve rpn6ea t4 yHt4tloxeHn or faHrcrepcKara xecroKocL
Bb3HilKBar4a s pe:ynrar or 6op6ara:a AeHne, cneA Karo BAilra 6Rnoro 3HaMe, Ho cne4 3aBpb-
Aa orbpcr4 or ce6e ch ecsxaxeil noAo3peHuff ay6uiacteo,
KoHTpofla a-upxy xonrpa6anAara c anKoxon. ulaHero Ha KMera Touncu ynvuvre Ha LlyrKaro orHoBo
zaneaeahxn, qe HflMa ocHoBarenHa npilqilHa ga y6vea Hacunrero o6aqe nopaxAa Hacanue, Tbi,
ca noroneHu B KpbB yt Hacilrile. An ilgMectea or cqe-
Maxcyrrrn. Bnocnegcreue 3anoBegTa My 3a apecr e Karo 3a BceKo eAHo y6nrlcreo ce rtpcn

OTMCHEHA.
oTMlrlleHre, a KpbBonponnTnflTa cTaBaT Bce Hara cBofl cunepuur lxour Arleno c noMoulra Ha noflil-
no roneMil u no-foneMil. quRra. Enaro4apeHile Ha 3aBeAeHflflra, Kor4ro Abpxu,
Cre4 raro ce:aBpbqa e 9nraro, no ynilqmTe Ha rpaAa
Karo HanphMep "KorbH Knr6" (egrancrBeHfiflr HouIeH
orHoBo 3anoqBar Ea nernr KyprxyMr. 3a ga croxn xpafi v OrHeynopHr4fr xa,qunax, xoftro npaar
Kanoxe, creA Karo 3anoqBa Aa ce 6e:noxou
rny6 a !r,rqepo), rogru:Hrnr My EoxoA Bb3rrn3a Ha npu-
Ha KpbBonponvrttnra, Kanoue npaBfl onflT Aa cKnprJr4
3a rrqHara cr 6e:onacxocr 6nuzntenuo cro MilniloHa gonapa.,QerirHocrra My 3acnra
cnopa3yMeHue c bpn Ba/rc - HeroB cMbpreH Bpar cneA
14cBera, cna3Bar4 3aKoHhre, AeMoHcrphparZKil no ro3t4
y6rarlcreoro na luuH O'5anratn. flperoeopr,rre o6aqe ce
HatrAH Bnv1frH,Aero, Koero ynpaxHflBa e AerZcraurenHocr
npoBanrr n Ha I 1 oKroMBpyt 1926 r.Bahc naAa M-bprbB
oT noA3eMHhfl cBflT.
or Aecer il3cTpena.
llpegcror o6aue ga ce a-uao6Hoefl KbpBaBara 6op6a.
Cregy6rarlcraoro Ha Barlc KanoHeo6neRea ceoero one-
flpe4raunranr 6oc Ha Kanoue, Opanxra lzlerln, ro npe-
msue or 6m:Heca c xonrpa6aHgara Ha anKoxon il opraH[-
3hpa raKa AaBa npe3 1928 r., xpageriKil or AocraBKnre My c anKo-
lilyU4pHa., KQHdepenqran'l SaH4ure
!1;alir,ir.ii1 rl:: . .r :i:'r

Lft ::'

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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
xor. Koraro An Hayvasa roBa, Ha eAHa or Hroiopxcxure
ynwlneupxyWeftn ce il3cilnBa nopori or KyprxyMrr npo-
u3BeAeHn or KapreqeH nucroner. C ro:r arr Kanoue oqe
BeAHbX OTAaBa noqnT Ha 3aKOHrTe Ha nOA3eMHilR CBFI
nocTaHoBHBar4yl IloFnHocT KbM nphFTenilTe il HilKaKBa
npouKa Ha il3MeHHurjrre. laHrcrephre or Hro lzlopx npa-
BflT onilT Aa orMbcrflT 3a cMbprra ua heiln ra ycrporlaar
3acaAa Ha eAilH oTTenoxpaH[Tenr4Te Ha KanoHe.
BofiHara 3a orMbqeHre npoAbnxaBa, a nair-xecro-
KOTO nO pa3Mepr Kp-bBonponrThe e neqalHo r43BecT-

Horo KnaHe or,[eHn xa ce. BaneHr4H. Ce4eu or qreHo-

Bere Ha cmpara 6anga na O'Eanrrn ca npilBneqeHil B
npeABaphreflHo ycrpoeH KanaH, KaTo 3a nphMaMKa ce
non3Ba nope4Ha AocraBKa c roHrpa6augeH anKoxor.
"ApecryaaHn" ca or BepHfi na KanoHe xopa, npegcra-
Bflrqu ce ea nonnqeficrv crl1winTer'v, KoHTo eAHoBpe-
MeHHO CTpenflT C KapreqHilrlil no ceAeMTe 3anoBeHil.
lzlecrpenrre ce npoil3BexAar noqv or ynop, raKa qe
MO3bKbT il n[bTTa Ha XepTBUTe Ce pa3TULtaT nO CTeHilTe

il TaBaHa Ha noMeu4eHueTo, B KoeTo ce pa3hrpaBa Kbp-

BaBara rpareAnn. flo4ur ce npeBpbqa B noKBa Kp"bB. ^ CeAeu or qnenoeere na
KanoHe ycnnBa Aa cbrBopr4 r4crrlHcKa cqeHa or a4a c qera, npoAaBaqil BecrHr4qr4, Aa ce npu6upar eKbulil nph 6an4ara ua O'6aruru ca
3acTpenflHI c KapTecHh
roBa noKa3Ho y6wficreo. marZxure cn. 9ecro KynyBa noBeqe 6wnerw sa 6orcoeil nilcroneril no BpeMe Ha

MaqoBe, Kor/To pa3AaBa Ha eHrycila3ilpaHr4 cnopTHr4 xnaxero a,[exr ua Cs.

Heno4o:lrpaHa crpaHa or xapaxTepa $enose. Ka:ea1 ve AaBa ABagecerAonapoByr 6aHxHoryr

BanenrnH.

Ha 6eAHil Aeqa, Kouro cpeu{a no ynilqara. Cratua,ny6nu-

lzl uaxap qe Borqn n3nbrHeH c KpbBonponrrrufl xr,1Bor,
KyBaHa B 6pon or 5 AeKeMBpyr 1 930 r. Ha gilxarcril eecr-
KanoHe il3KnrorrilTerHo MHoro LleHh ce^aeficreoro.
HIAK, HoctA cregHoro 3anraBile: "Kanone ocrarypnea 120
3arynyea orpoMHo uMeHne e llaniir Aranun4 (r4ara
000 o6n4a B o6ulecrBeHil rp+rn'1 BeponrHo c BcuqKil
Onoprrr4a) npe3 Mapr 1928 r., e Koero HacraHflBa cbnpy-
fara v QAHa cw Aaneq oT BbpTenexKar-a Ha roneMhF rpaA
rear peficrerff ce onilTBa Aa npilBneqe BHilMaHrero
9uraro. f1o npounn na cu46ara npngo6reaHero
ua o6qecreoro tA Aa v3qvcrA HeraruBHr4n cr,r o6paa.
Ha hMor
Mrnocupgnero, Koero nponBflBa, e 3HaK 3a roBa, qe He e
c nogo6Hra pa3Mepu cBn4ereflcrBa 3a corir4AHr4 Eoxo4rl
caMo n e4ilHcTBeHo cypoB u xecToK qoBeK.
u e xpatlHa cMerKa BoAt4 flo apecryBaHero sa KanoHe sa
AaHbqHyr tA3MaMtL no-KoHKpeTHo - Hennat4aHe Ha Abn-
xt4Mn cy MtA KbM
Abpxa BaTa. :i#ryss_e
llo oHoaa BpeMe r3nbKBa n Apyra crpaHa B xapaK- xee@N6.@wFyp.et
Tepa My, a nMeHHo orHoureHilero r<uM Aeqara r 6e4Hure.
''--.---'\-o,
Begnrx nrenrBa Ha ynilqara Ha rpynrlqKa MbpnflBn MoM-
NCTUHCKI/| CEMEEH qOBEK
fiyuara "raurcrep" BepoRTHo npe4n3BhKBa B qilHa B pauoHa noAo3ilpaT
cb3HaHilero o6pa: Ha xecroK qoBeK, xorirro e e KaKbB e rcTilHcKr4fT My
cbcronHue Ea orHeMe xilBora Ha HRrofr Apyl 6e: il3TOqHilK Ha AOXOAT4.
Ea My MilrHe oKoro. HeHagefino o6aqe An KanoHe, OceeH npilnaBa-
cilMBonr3upaq TVnvqHVfl raHrcTep/ e cbqeBpe- HeTO Ha BaXHOCT r4 oCO-
MeHHO qOBeK, CUI|HO npuBlrp3aH Xt'^4 CeMei- 6eHo gnaqeuue Ha cemerTr-
creoro. lzlrpae Ha ronKa cbc cBofl cr,4H B 3aflHrlfl Hufl xnBoI, Kanone nonara
EBop, no4xBbpnsrlxr Hexxo ronKara,3a Aa ycnee ycvm A Ea ce noKaxe B
Aerero Aa ff xBaHe. flo Kone4a pa34aBa noflapbqn 4o6pa ceernuua npe4 cBo-
v cna4Kn Ha yqeHullilTe v yqvTenfl B yqilnuqeTo, ure crcegn. BepoflrHo roBa
Koero nocet4aBa MarKara my cecrprvra. Brnaru ce Abnxu ua Qarra, ve
ycMilxHar u c orBopeHu o6nvn nocpeula rocru B eBeHryanHoTo pa3KpnBaHe
AoMa cil, He3aBucl,4Mo Kov n RaKBV ca re. C npec- ua no4po6uocrv or nv\l-
TnnKa npe3 Kpbcra npaBil cnareril B xyxnnra.3a Ht4' MV )KI4BOT MOXE
rorBapcKure My yMeHilfl 14 Br4Horo "9uautu" ce gu ,rnrut, *opuru. k-
roBopn 13 qentaff xsapran. flpeg ocepure Kanoue Btgrvroxuo e A-n ,qa ce
^ KanoHe,
ce npeAcraBn 3a lbproBeLl Ha Me6ern, no ruri xaro onhTBa Aa HaMepu onpo- penaKcnpaul no
il AoMauiHil qeMil,
qecTo ce pa3MoTaBa no xarlaT r4eHile 3a KpilMilHarIHilTe 6ascxu, sa nonnss
^ MHo3uHa ce paABar Ha orBapgHero Ha o6r4ecreexn KyxHff or
re ce cbMHtBaI, qe ilNta ctgcelr o6ilr-
BepoflTHo cr AeflHufl c noBefleHuero B UMeHneTO Ch.
Kanone e rpar ra 1 930 r BcaKa ceAMnqa xl4 rAAn fna[Hv nonyqaBar
HoBeHil 3aHhMannR. lltpsouavalHo o6aqe ual-
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou cl4 yfloMa.
rontn o6np. Taxa An cn cneqenga a o6r4ecraoro uuero ra
6narogeren.
Kpanr Ha eEHa pa3MVtpHa enoxa
ffaunxara, KoflTo o6xsaua cBera
Olr,rvlr or 1987 r. "The Untouchables"
(Hegoceraemrre), e rorZro Po6tpr ge Hrapo il3n-brHnBa
pornra Ha An KanoHe, a KeeilH KocrHtp e MraAiler
$nraHcoe cn)DKuren Enurr Hec, pa3KpilBa npeA cBera
noppo6nocru oKono apecra ua Kanoue. Manxo npe-
chreHil il3ilexgar geficreunra ua Hec, npeAcraBeHil B
no-ApaMaTrqHa cBeTIilHa, oTKoflKoTo ca e getacremren-
rocr. Mtxtl rotlto naucrnHa 3acnyxaBa noxBana 3a
apecra Ha etAKarcKtAA raHrcrep, e Se4epanuranr npoKy-
pop lxop4x E. K.,QxoHcun.
Oegepanuoro npaBilrencrBo r4cKa Aa n:gurne o6en-
HeHrfl 3a y6uilcteo cpeLqy Kanoue, Ho e HeB-b3MoxHq
nopagh rilnca Ha AoKa3arercrBa. Oe4epanuure npo-
MeHffT TaKTilKara cv vt 3anoqBar cuge6no npecflegBaHe
c o6e[4HeHrR 3a HenrarlaHe Ha AaHbqil Bbpxy Aoxo-
qtarc. 1929 e roAfiHara Ha orpoMeH cpilB Ha $on4oeara
6opca Ha,,Yoncrpwirf', noilno noranr qenilF cBFr B yrKo-
HoMr4LrecKa AenpecilF. Benuxara Eenpecilfl oKa3Ba cBo-
ero Brl4flHhe u Bbpxy noA3eMHurR cenr. MexgyepeMeHHo
ce Hapilra il HapacrBa BbnHara or Kpr4Tr4Kyr ruu "cyxmn
pexnrra'i a xourpa6aupara c anKoxon nocreneHHo 3anoL{Ba
4a 3ana4a. CauyrRr Kanone BeponrHo npegyceula nph-
6nnxaeaqrn xparl na:naruara epa Ha raHrcrepure il npe.
KapBa Bce noBeqe BpeMe B xacueHAara cil eue (Dnoprga.
CrAe6uoro [pecJreABaHe r{ apecrbr
flpnemguo ueno6e4uuara ilMnepilr ua Kanose
3anoqBa Aa ce nponyKBa M noKa3Ba cna6ocrra cra.
Oe4epanunre Bnacril apecryBar n-bpBo Pan$ KanoHe
no no4o3peHilF B yKpr4BaHe Ha AaH-bqlt npe: '1 930 r.
Ocrauanute npv+rentA il cbApyxHrqh na KanoHe cuqo
ca pa3cneABaHil, a cqeToBoAHaTa ilM AoKyMeHTaqilF OT
npeAnuHil roAtAHtA e noAaoxeHa Ha npoBepKa. Ararara
ce HacoqBa KbM B-brpeuHnn Kpbt Ha KanoHe.
[1o roea epeue Enuur Hec ornaenaa rpyna pa3cne4-
Baulh, Koyrro eHepruqHo cu6rpar goxatarelcrea. Hec
orxB-bpnfl noAKyna B pa3Mep Ha 2 000 gonapa, xofiro
My npeAnara Kanoue, n raKa 3aeAHo c-bc cBoilTe Koneril
nonyqa Bar nporer qero He4oceraeuure. OcBeH Bct4q Ko
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
ocraHano, SegepanHvrre Bnacril noBAr,l-
rar oSurrlraarHo o6et,tHeHile il apecryBar
Kanoue Ha 5 uarZ I931 r. O6eilHilrenHllrr
arr cu4-upxa 22 rovru, carpsaHn c yKplr-
BaHe Ha AaHbqil B nepilo4a uex4y 1924
r. u 1929 r. 3a4 oxecroveHoro crge6Ho
npecneABaHe oT cTpaHa Ha A-bpxaBaTa
ce Kpile c'bBceMTpr4BilarrHa npilqilHa:
BracTilTe A-bpxar B pbqeTe cil cqeTo-
BoAl/renn ua Kanone flecnm [.lrmyerl.
O6er4auo My e, qe aKo cbrpyAHilqil Ha
pa3cneABaHero il cBilAerencrBa cpeu{y
ceon 6oc, cpeuly Hero HrMa Aa 6r4ar noe-
AVTaHV HilKaKBvr o6euHeHnR. Tara flecnvt
o6eulaea Aa AaAe noKa3aHilfl.
Kanose npegnara cAeflKa Ha Qegepannoro .&
-'$
o6gilHeHue, Ho KareropLrr.rHo orKa3Ba Aa npero- i'
eapn. flnanlrpa il 3aroBop ra y6uvrcreoro Ha cny-
xrrenu Ha lRS
(lnternal Revenue Service - Cnyx6a 3a BbrpeuHil npil-
xogr.r ua CALL{), xoirro ce npoeann. llpoqec'urcraprupa Ha
6 oxroruepN. Kanoue ce onhrBa Aa nogKynil crge6nnre ^ KanoHe Ha il3nr3aHe or
Qe4epannun cbA npe3 1931 r,
3aceAaTenil, Ho n Te3n HeroBil HaMepeHilF npeTbpnflBaT cneA KaTo npilKnncBa AaBaHero Ha
Heycnex, a cbcraBbr Ha cr4e6nure race4arenil e r43llFno noKa3aHufl. flpnsrxan e B c-bAa no
noAMeHeH B nocne4Hyrfl moueHr. An KanoHe e o6neeH sa noAo3peHilfl B yKpilBaHe Ha AaHbq!4
BilHoBeH Ha 24 oxrouepil n oc-bAeH ua 1 1 ro4uur rareop
(qecer or Koilro npepcroil Aa il3nexu eue Qe4epaneu
3arBop, a eAHa B ularcKr4 ), xarro il na 3anJrarfl rno6a e
pa3Mep na B0 000 Aonapa. O6xaneaHero Ha nphcbAara
ce oTxBbpnfl il HaKa3aH/eTo My Bnil3a B cilna.
llpodneuu cbc 3ApaBero HaABrrcBar
HAA KATIOHE
Ha 24 orrouepw 1931 r. KanoHe e il3npareH B 3arBopa
"Kyx Kaynw". Heroeara cnaBa My no4Hacfl cnellilanHo - "Anxarpaa" Qegepannunr :areop,
orHoueHre no4 Qopruara Ha npocropHa caMocrofl- pa3nonoxeH Ha caMoTeH ocTpoB B
3anfiBa Ha CaH Oparqncxo. lHec e
rerHa Kulr4F. Cne4eaqara roAuHa npe3 rvrarl e npexetp- Typr/crilqecKa :a6enexnrerxocl
neH BbB Qe4epaneH 3arBop B Arnaura, a ua 22 aeryct a 3aA cTeHfrTe My ce opfaHLl3ilpaT
1934 r. e il3npareH e "Anrarpar'i "Anrarpa:" r4Ma cra- n03HaBarenHv o6vxonxw.
BaTa Ha MflCrO, OT KOeTO He MOXe Aa CeU3&fa, a AHec e
nonynnpHa rypficn4qecKa arpaKqufl. f]eqanHo u3BecrHr4
npecrbnHilqr4 xaro Kanoue qecro ca il3npaqaHil raM.
,{uperroprr Ha ro3r4 rareop,Qxerirvrc A. AxoHcruH ce
oTHacR KbM Hero KaTo KbM BCeKU Apyr 3aTBOpHl4K U rO
Hap[qa npocro"sareopHhK HoMep oce^nAecer r nefi 3a
camrR KanoHe npecronr e "Alxarpaa" He e HnKaK nprfl-
reH. HenperucHaro ce onrrBa ga cr ra:gefrcrBa cneq[-
arHo oTHouieHne, Karo HanpuMep noBeqe cBilxAaHilR
ctc ceMeficreorq Ho Bct4rtKt4 yctAnnfl ce orasear 6er-
nnoAHu. Koraro scuqxu 3ilrBopHl4tlt4 ce Bflilrar na 6yH1
3a Aa nporecrupar cpeqy ycnoBilFftt cil Ha cbulecrBy-
eaue, KanoHe orKa3Ba Aa ce nphcbeArHr, 3au.loro ce
6ou, ve eegrara qe 6u4e naraaaH, a npucb4ara Myy4bn-
xeHa. Toea My goHacr Henonynn pHocr cpe4 ocra Hanrre
n nofly'{aBa Aocnt nouJa paHa Ha 23 nuu 1936 r., xoraro
or 3arBopurqnre :a6uea Hox B rbp6a My.
eAlaH
Kanore ce Bpbu{a KbM exe4HeBHara cr pyruHa, cne4
Karo HaHeceHara paHa 3apacrea, no na 5 Seepyapur 'l 938
r. yrMa npilcrbn Ha AenhpilyM. flolyvaea napanil3a B
pe3ynmr or BHe3anHa ocrpa Kpil3a, ecnegcreue cuQu-
nucat c rorlro ce 3apa3flBa oule Karo rufiHerl4xup, rrr
cfleA Karo rABa B cb3HaHre, npoAbnxaBa Aa e B cbcro-
flHre Ha TpaHc.
,{rarHosara e HeepocraQranuc. llonyvaea MeAuqnH-
qKJAfpnxv il reqeHne, AoKaTo ce HaM[pa B 3aTBOpa, 4
BpeMeHHo noKa3Ba nph3Haqt4 na nogo6peHne, Ho nprc-
TbnuTe ce noBTapflT 14 BbpuLr uoKl4paqu Heqa, KaTo
ToBa Aa xBbpnr no creHilTe co6creeHhre cu [3npaxHe-
Hun. flpe4ra il3l4t{aHero Ha nprcbAara Mye tarnpareH Ha
ocrpoe TepmnHan e 6nuaocr Ao floc Auryenuc.
Cnorcoftna cMbpr
llprcqgara ua KanoHe il3n4qa Ha 16 Hoemepra 1939 r.
Cne4 oceo6ox4aBaHero cta nocrbnea e 6onnuqa "lOHyrun
Memopuu'i Kbgero npeKapBa 4 ueceqa. Cne4 xaro
n3fllea or mgu 6onHuqHa ttHcrr ryLlun,3€DKr4BrBa flxo,
Mr4pHo 14 cnoxorlHo cuc ceMeilcreoro cn e flanrvr ArlntH4.
flpunrenra or MuHanoro t4ABar Aa ro HaBecrffI, Ho
Kanoxe pflAKo rn pa3no3HaBa. llperapea AHnre cn, Bne-
pun norneA e 6es6pexHoro Mope hnr naupuoperixr
Hepar6urpaemu u3peqeHilR. He ocrasa u cneAa or npe-
gxujHoro Benilqhe Ha ilMnepaTopa.
llpe nHyapr 1947 r., creA npa3HyBaHero Ha pox-
Pasnr,rqHa
"uEflTA OnPABEABA CPEACTBATA" 14 rEM14[X14l4TE B EbflrAp]4f,
B Havanoro Ha }X e. e 6tnrapun geficrBar pa3HonocoqHu no cBoure paa6upaunn
rpynupoBKr4 c npecrbneH crnr Ha noBe4eHne. Pe4uqa or rRx pa6ornr na npilHqnna
"qenra onpas4aea cpegcreara".
floeeqero arerraru or Haqaroro na XX e. ca cBbp3itHt4 c opraHu3aqun, r3nbnHf-
Bau.lu repopncprqHu aKroBe, rperupaHh Karo vacr or 6tnrapcKoro HaquoHanHooc-
eo6o4nreano ABuxeHue. Btanpuematero Ha repopa Karo paAuKanHo cpegcrBo 3it
o6eguuernero ua 6tnrapcxun erHoc B paMKnre Ha eAHa flbpxaBa e r4er, 3arerHana
BAeflHuflTa na r. uap. "Femu4xur,t'i
l4reeor.r4 n xaro "Conyrcxure areumropu'i re ca nrpaara 6tnrapcKa rpynhpoBKa,
KoRTo Bnor3Ba 3a cBoe 3HaMe uflerra 3a oceo6oxgeuuero m 6tnrapure e Maxe-
gonun. fleftcreurerHo l43BbpuBar repopr4cnrrtHl4 aKUuu B Haqanoro Ha BeKa u ocra-
BaT yHUKanHU C OT TflX HaqUHU Ha npOTt4BOnOOaBffHe Cpeqy rypCKaTa
'r3non3BaHnTe
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
AeHr4fl cr4 AeH, noflyqaBa y4ap. CyrpnHra aa25 anyapvi
oxono721 qaca cyrpytHTa mt>ru1 xofiro ronKoBa Abnro
BpeMe e raHrcrep, yMytpa,mo6uroner or Harl-6nnrrure
cnvo6ur4aHn xopa, eABa ua 48-ro4uuHa Bb3pacr.
Curprn Ha ro3r4 raHrcrep, xorlro Hnrora gupxu a6co-
rprHara Bnacr Hafl qffn rpaA raro 9nxaro, e no crpa-
HeH HatlilH cnaAKa, c nphBKyc Ha foprtl4BilHa B Heff.
Moxe ra 4a e ulacrnt,lB Aa yMpe no e,qilH cnoKoeH HaqrH.
CeMericreoro My r4cKa oxono norpe6eHnero Aa He ce
BAilra MHoro uyru. Ha aynoxoftHara cnyx6a npilcbcr-
ear 350 oneqaneHfi. (DeAepanHunr npoxypop
^ flxop4x E.
florpe6aH e B paHHuF cnego6e4 na 4 Seepyapu e K.[xoHcbH, Koiro pa6oru HeyMopHo
rpo6r,rr4ero "Maynr Onraeel Ceanefisraoro My, Koero 3a n34nraHero Ha o6arneunr cpeqy
qenu norafiuocrra u nilqHoro npocrpaHcrBo, no-KbcHo KanoHe. 3a pa3nnKa or KopyMnnpaHxre
cu Koneru, 14cKpeHo HeHaBhxAa
hpervrecrsa rffnoro B orpoMHoro rpo6rar4e "Maynr oMoTaBaHeTo B ,lbxn Ha xopaTa.
Kapuen'i Cmrprra My e orpa3eHa BbB BecrHuqrre B
qnna Anaepuxa n 6enexr KpaR Ha eAHa epa. KanoHe e
eAHoBpeMeHHo aHrnrepori 14 cnMBon Ha epara na"cyxvn
pexru"e Alaepraxa.
Kanone lr xoreJr "Ka.nu{opHrrfl')
flecenra "Hotel California" (Xoren,,Kanra$opnranf , pas-
6ueaulunrxur Ha aMeprKaHcKara poK rpyna"The Eagles'i
e nonynffpHa 3apaAu 3aragbqHnfl cil reKcr. B necenra
rvttxl xotlro ce oTerqaBa oT n'bryBaHufl B nycTl4HtTr?t,
ce or6ilea B xorer "Kanu$opnva", toAero npexhBnB<t
crpaHHa cnf{Ka. Xoren "KanrQopHun" cbulecrByBa B
4ericrarrenHocl a co6creenilKbr My B epara Ha"cyxufl
pexuur" He e HRxofi Apyt a caMunr Ar KanoHe. B xorena
HaMyBaT nonilqan, KoraTo e apecryBaH 3a yKphBaHe
Ha AaHbllyr. llo-rucHo ce h3non3Ba 3a BoeHHil qeru,
a AHec e 3arBopHilqecKa vlcrtAryqt fl,
Hapeveta CRC
or California Rehabilitation Centre (LleHrup 3a npeBb3-
nuraHr4e ,,Kanu$opuva"). B nero ce npiltorffBar HapKo-
nnacbopyr 4 Heil3,leqilMyt HapKoMaHil, Kol4TO He MOraT
Aa ce cnpaBflT c nopoKa ch, ocbAeHil Aa Lr3TbpnnBaT ^ KanoHe Ha Kopilqara Ha cn.,,TaiM"
npe3 1 930 r.
HaKa3aHUfl C npOAbnXilTenHOcT MaKCytMyM neT roArH[.
fl pecrunHrrrqrare u Hapyu urenilre npeMilHa Bar neproA
Ha npeBb3nnTaHue, TaKa qe MflcToTo e no-cKopo caHaTo.
pl4yrw oTKonKoTo 3aTBop.
lrlrnunHeHrre c Atn6or cMucbn AyMt4 B reKcra:
"MoxeuL Aa cu B3eMeu ctar no BcRKo BpeMe, Ho Ht4Kora
He Moxeu Aa s oceo6o4mu" eeponruo cytMBonu3upar
npoMeHrilB[Te cu46u Ha rerr, Kor4To HanycKar xorera.
Bnacl Ko!fio ca MHoro no.pa3nnqHn or Bct4rtKo Aocera. Btpxy rexnnfl noqepK
ugeure Ha aHapxuEua. Karo lannqHa npecrbnHa rpyna araKyBar rpaxgaHcKt4
c qen BcFBaHe Ha cMyr il nocritBflHe B Heu3rogHo noroxeHue Ha Macrra. KeuHreceF
qurm ua 4efinocrra uM ce KopeHu ets Sarra, qe npeABuxgar orHeMaHe xneorit
uesnuuu xopa. OcHoBHo cpeflcrBo ca eKcn lo3t4Bure, Kol4To cnopeA AaHHure ca
6rpanu emencuMocrorforeMhHara sa o6errure r BapnparKaro
1 0 u 1 00 KunorpaMa. Pealno nornegraro n3nomBaHunr Marepnar e 3a MacoBo
qoxeuue, Axo ra caMure arerraropr4 ToBa e repopraatrvr, o6errplan c
ngeff, rexHure geficreun rpynHo Momr ga 61gar npnpaBHeHh c peAuqa aK.U4tr or
HaquoHarHoocBo6ogurenuure 6op6u na 6rnrapure or XIX eeK flpor.lecur na pa:-
qhcrBaHe Ha cMerKu,3a qurro 6ara ce r3nofl3Ba nonuruKara, e aHanom'leH 3:t qnfla
Eepona npea 20-re u 3Gre roguHu;ra X( e.
EaH4rrre tr,rcyX ttflT pelm rlw))
Pagl,rtrpHtrflT XX BeK B AvrepI,IKa
B Anaepuxa rleHHocrnuta cvrcrev'arr Harrr{Hbr Ha xrr{Bor Ha xopara ce npoMeHqr Aocra xaorl4qHo.
3axousr 3a"cyxkrfl.pexzu", Syn4arueuraJrHo HecbBMecrI4M c erroxara, BJIH3a B cl{Jra npes 1920 r.
BasAnre ce rpr4eMar or o6llecrBoro sa ueo6xoArrMo 3Jro. CrsAaea ce HoBa 3JIarHa epa Ha sa6aerenufl.
n cnopr, a a vrg1vrraHero cr{ Ao BbpxoBere Ha rroA3eMHI{t cB-f,T Kauoue npeo6ptrqa Herlara.

20-re ronrnu - 6ypHure ToAHHI{ na XX n.

D AMEPI4KA OT 20-TE fOIl4HI4 Ha MuHanilF BeK,
-L]Dxoraro KanoHe BracrBa Karo ilMneparop Ha
npecTbnneHilflTa, KoHcepBaTilBHilTe LleHHocTt4 oT
MilHafloro 3anoqBar nocreneHHo ga ce pyuar. Ha
cLleHara v3ntA3ar HoBr4 qeHHocl4, HoBo caMocb3Ha-
Hhe, HoB Tvln KynTypa, oKa3Baulil orpoMHo BnvAHne
B-bpxy cpeEara.
Karanuaarop Ha roBa pa3Bvrrile e llupeara cBeroBHa
eofiua. AuepnKa AaBa cBor orpoMeH npilHoc Ha cbo3-
Hi4qecKuTe ctAntA tA c-boTBeTHo xbHe nIoAoBeTe Ha
ycnexa. Eeponeicrure Haqilvr h3nagar B ,rKoHoMt4qe-
cKa nponacl a Auepuxa il3BegHtx ce npeBp'bula or
MtxHr4K B KpeAurop. lzlxoHorunrara Ha crpaHara ce
pa3BilBa AO TaKaBa CTeneH, qe n npeBpbula B qeHT'bp
Ha cBeroBHr4H na:ap. flpocnepilTerbr ce pa3urpflBa
go aeromo6nnHara uHAycrpr4fl, Aocra qyBcrBhrenHa ^ Areurv no BpeMero Ha,,cyxilfl pexrM"
xauanu:aqrrra 6rpa,
tr3xB-bplffT B
cQepa orxrvr neqan6n, KbM crpor4rencrBoro h r4Mo-
6yrrnrpara e 6tuen.
rvre, tA MHoro Apyn4 o6nacrn. l.lJrpoxouaula6uw cta-
BaT MaCOBOTO npOfi3BOACTBO 14 OTTaM MaCOBaTa KOH-
Peeo,TlouuflTa Ha x(eHI{Te
ryMaqhfl. Aaroruo6ilnilre, Karo HanpilMep re3il c Map-
xara "OopA'l craBar iqocrbnHil ga Harl-o6ilKHoBeHilre OcHoeilre Ha AeMoKpaLlrFTa ce noflarar c
BbBexAaHero Ha r:6rparenHfi npaBa 3a xeHr,rre
xopa. lloecemecrHo ce pa3npocrpaHrBar u pa4ilo-
nper 1920 r. XeHrre craBar Bce no-He3aBilcr4Mr4,
anaparhre. Xenure ca no-oceo6o4eHil, pa3nonarar c
a pa3npocrpaHeHileTo Ha AoMauHrre eneKrpoy-
noBeqe ceo6ogno BpeMe il npeKapBar noBeqe BpeMe pegu AoBexAa Ao HaMaflflBaHe Ha BpeMero, Heo6-
Ha eun. lloaeqero aMepilKaHcxra yp6an racrnv H r crunoBe xogvrMo 3a AoMaKilHcKa pa6ora. XeHure npeKap-
ce paxAar uMeHHo B Ta3il enoxa, KoFTo Bar noBeqe BpeMe il3BbH creHilTe Ha AoMa, a roBa
craBa n3BecrHa no-KbcHo xaro"SypHure Heus6exHo EoBexAa Ao peBontoqiloHHil npoMeHn
4ea4ecer'i B Mo4ara. Mo4Hnre reHAeHqilil or re3[4 BpeMeHa
BKnroqBar nnbreH cnofi vepsuno u ceHKil, Kbco
noAcrpilfaHa Koca il Aocra pa3KpenocreHil Apexil.
,Qo roan MoMeHT 3a crMBon Ha xeHcrBeHocrra ce
cMflTa KopcerbT, Ho cera o6aue no4rrceHara Ao
( HI4BOTO Ha KofieHara nora Ce CqilTa 3a UOKr{paUlO,
AMeprKaHKara Kapil
Hefi u-bH, KoflTo cneqenBa Aopr4 Kpeulnu-lo orKnoHeHre or o6ulonprerilre
6e:curprue Karo crlMBon AOrOraBa HOpM14.
ua "cyxnn pexnn'i
Axo HeoutxeHilTe xeHn He ce coqilann3ilpar, Te
llo-u3BecrHa e Karo
Kepu Cexnpara. Haxnyea
HrMar Bb3MoxHocr Aa ce cpeular c M-bxe. XeHrre
no 6apoaere, qynr crbKna, 3anoqBar Aa nvflr, nyuar u raHuyBar no 6apoeere.
oTneAana, uaun n 6ytunxvi Tesr xeHil, crrilTaHil 3a HeMopanHil, ce Hapilttar
c anKoxon. llpeo6pt,ula
,,eMaHqilnaHTrn" v ca o6err Ha Bb3xr4qeHile or no-
nenenHILll4 n nrloBaff Huqu
il rI xBbpnfl no fnaBflTe MflaAilTe gesorZxu. llo oHoea BpeMe He ce noce-
ua co6creennqnte Ha ulaBar eneraHTHrre raHqyBanHrA 3anrA or 6nugroro
3aBeAeHuFTa, 6e3yMHara MilHaflo, a BMecro rfx Ha MoAa IA3nA3ar 6aplu tt
Abp3ocr ce npeBpbula B
purrMr,4rlHn rauqra, no4o6Hn Ha qapflcroHa.
14

nereHAa.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 ( ,lxa: u:nunrrenu or Hn
OpnhbHc, Kouro npeBpbular
My3nKaTa B CBOe OCHOBHO
3aHuMaHtre, ry6rr pa6orara cn,
KOTaTO 3aBeAeHUnra 3arBapFT
eparn, cne4 xaro AMep!4Ka Bntr3a B

fl'bpBara cBeroBHa soisa. Mnoro

or rflx ce npemecrear e t{uxaro, ,,A3 cblt egnH noqreH
rt4ero pa6ornr e He3aKoHHhre
nrreiHr :asegerus. 6ugHecrvreH, KofiTo AaBa Ha
xopara roBa, Koero )Kenaf,Tj'

noBceMecrHoro pa3npocrpaHFBaHe Ha AoMauHnre ttCyxunr pexcrrMtt rr rr34lrranero lra

eneKTpoypeAn HaMarfl Ba BpeMeTo, Heo6xoAnMo
Aa ce cBbpun qflnaTa AoMaKl4HcKa pa6ora. XeHl/lTe faHfcrepcKr.rq 60c
ilMaT B-b3MOXHOCT Aa npeKapBar nOBeqe BpeMe
h3BbH AOMa Cn tr nOlyqaBaT nOBe'{e B}3MOXHOCTLI Arr'repuxaHcrunr aBrop o. cxor ourqAxepan4 nnu:e,
Aa ilfpafT aKTrBHa ponn B 06qecrBoro. Toaa ce qe BchqKH/ npilHaArrexaulil l(bM onpeAeneHa Knaca
cBt'p3Ba nocle il c ABnXeHreTo 3a npoxl,l6uqufl.
xopa, rbpcnr yAoBoncrBr4Fra u 3anoqBaT Aa npaKrilKy-
BaT XeAOHrl3bM. Te O6ptr4ar rpt6 Ha xilBoTa, 43nbnHeH

c nilueHhf ce6eorpilqaHue, AoKaro nonilTilLluTe npo-

,1

AbnxaBar Aa nocraBfl r yAapeHue Bbpxy rpaAilquoHHhre

qeHHocrr B aMepuKaHcKoro o6lqecrBo. B cn[4eon Ha
To3r4 HoB Qeuor',1en ce npeBp-bula "cp<ranr pexum'i

llypuraucxure rpa1lutAtA, Kovrro ce paxAar B HoBa

Aurnva, hMar Eocra crnHo npilcbcrBile il Bnhfl-
uue e CAI!. B ocHoeara nM 3arflra hAerra 3a Bpe-
Aara or arKoxona etpxy o6r4ecreoro. tl TaKa"cqnflr
pexum"(raroubr e HaphqaH oqe npoxil6nrlran) enh:a
B CUra 3a nbpBr4 n-br B ulara MerlH nper 1858 r.
,{euxeuuero B HeroBa noAKpena ce pa3npocrpaHflBa
uB Apy.lA paioHr l/1 3aeMa BaxHo Mfcro B norilrt4-
xara. Pa:eilea ce B HaqiloHaneH Maqa6, Ho no BpeMe
Ha [pax4aHcKara BoftHa e CAU-I e nepiloAa 1 861 -1 865
t 3a MarKo He il3qe3Ba cbBceM.
"Cyxnn pexuM"orHoBo ce noflBflBa Ha gHeBeH peA,
Karo ce cBbp3Ba c ABilxeHilero 3a npaBa Ha xeHhre,
Koero ilM AaBa Bb3MOXHOCT Aa V3nfl3ar Ha npeAeH
nraH B o6qecreeunR 4e6ar. 3anovear Aa ce cb3Aa-
Bar MHoxecrBo opraHu3aqilu, noAKpenn uJtA " cul.vtfl
pexuvr'i llporecraurcxu nacrop cb3AaBa npe 1894 r.
Iura cpeqy nurerlHure 3aBeAeHilF, Karo 3a yKpenBaHe
Ha opraHh3aqvflra at npeMaxBa BcflKaKBil no3yHru B
r43flBreHuflTa cr. Btnpexu orcbcrBilero Ha KoHcrt4-
ryqr/oHHr4 npoMeHil no BpeMe Ha npe3uAeHrcKHre
vtz6opu npes 1912 r., opraHil3aqnmre, Konro ce o6s-
BflBar 3a BbBex4aHero na npoxu6rq[flra, HaMhpar
or3ByK 14 noAKpena Ha cBorre ycnnut. Manxo npegn
roBa Ha cLleHara ce noflBFBa Kepra Hefiuuu-Cexupara
vr ce npeBpbrla B noBceMecrHa reMa ua pa:roeop. Tn
BflpBa, qe e nonyqilna HacbH 3HaK or 5or ra npegnph-
eMaHe Ha 4eficreun r
parmaxeatlrr 6pagea B pbKa,
o6rtrana 6apoeere, norpouaeafixil Bct4qKo B rflx.
Axrueucrilre na npoxlr6raquflTa il3MeHtr HacoKara
Ha ABilxeHilero u HacoqBar yctAnvflTa cil K-bM palaQn-
KaLluF Ha KOHCTr4Tyqr4OHHil npoMeHil, y3aKOHffBaUlH
sa6panara ra ynorpe6a Ha afiKoxon.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 I AxopAX XbpMaH Pyt Kofiro npeeplula 6efi:6ona

?
e nn6uuo cnoprHo 3aHnMaHile 3a ceo6ogroro
BpeMe Ha aMeprKaH[4nre, e u3BecreH noBeqe
noA uMero 6eft6 Pyr. flevenu nonyflnpHocr or
HaqnHa cu Ha hrpa, npn KoftTo,3acraHar a 6a:ara,
rptuxo o6narea, ve ule yAapil no BpeMe Ha
o6uxonxa tr cnea roga nocoqBa cbBceM
BflpHO HaKbAe Ule Ce OTnpaBn ronKara

,{oxaro Auepnra ce HaMilpa

BbB BofiHa, Ce pa3npocrpa-
HnBaT CfiyXOBe 3a UnilOHr4,
Kor4ro ce cb6npar no 6apo-
Bere. B reMa Ha Ae6aT ce npe-
Bp-bqa ilAefTa, qe xpaHt4refi-
Hure npoAyKTVt, v3non3BaHtA
3a npor43BoAcrBoro Ha anKo-
xofl, MoraT Aa ce u3non3Bar
3a no-6naropoAHr4 qenil, Karo
HanpuMep n3xpaHBaHeTo Ha
BofiHr4r-lilTe, Kor4ro ce 6ilFr B

flupeara cBeroBHa BoftHa. C

noAKpenaTa Ha BcilLrKil aKTuB14-
cril 3aKoHbT 3a"cyxtAq pexilM"
Bru3a B cilna npe3 1 920 r.

C eteexAaHero Ha AXa3a. KanoHe craBa narpoH r noKpoBilTefl Ha Mnnr ^ CrleHa or Ornua eKpaHn3aqnr
flpoxr6raqnra ce 3a6paHrBar h XnurrH, a c noMoqra Ha npocnoByroro cr4,,KpacHope- Ha poMaHa Ha O. Cxor Onq4xepan4
qne" faHfcreprare y6exgaear 3ByKo3anilcHilTe KoMna- ,,Bennxnn ferc6u".
cqnraT 3a He3aKoHHr4 npoAax-
6ara, eHoca, v3Hoca tAhnnv npo- HW Aa v31aBar My3rKanHure My u3nbrHeHiln ra reop6n.
T43BOACTBOTO Ha anKOXOflHt4 Tasil enoxa pax4a nereHAilre B AXa3a,[rcr EnrHrrun,
HanilTKr4. flO-rOnflmara qacT or Iyuc Aprucrponr u,{xenu Pon MopruH.
xopaTa He Morar npocro Aa npfi- B nrneH KoHTpacr c xecroKocrra u KoBapcrBoro,
eMar ro3r4 Qarr r
Aa ce oTKa- Koero AeMoHcrphpal MHoro or raHrcrepilre nMar AocTa
XAT OT nileHero. llopagu ra3t4 nprqilHa B'b3Br4r.UeH ecTefl4qecKn exyc. Toea e oule eAHo oTpaxe-
3anoqBa Aa ce pa3npocrpaHfBa KoHrpa6aHAeH anKo- Hile Ha enoxaTa, HapeqeHa "EypHr,4Te ABaAecerr:
xon vnA Aa ce BHacfl no He3aKoHeH nbT oT MecTa, KaTo Kanose HanpuMep o6rqa ue caMo AXa3a, a
Hanpr4Mep KauaAa. HegaronHnre nilTerlHil 3aBeAeHufl no4o6Ho Ha MHoro ilTanuaHlg4 e crpacreH noqilTaren
npoq'borfBar. 3ag rynracrare raHrcrepilre 3anoqBar Aa Ha onepara. fto6uvuare My npoh3BeAeHun BKnoqBar
maurpar rafiHaTa cyt cTpaTerilfl. "Pagliacci" (llannqo) Ha PPocr,rHm, "Aida", "La Forza del
An KanoHe rBbpAr4, qe e noqreu 6nauecueu, xorlro gaaa Destino" (Cranara na crA6ara) u "Les Vepres Siciliennes"
Ha xopa'nt ToBa, Koero xenaflT. Or caon srpaHa o6Lqecreoro (Clrrlunraancxa sevepun) na ,[x. Bep4ur. B ocHoeara Ha
npheMa 6aHAure KaTo eAHo Heo6xoAr4Mo 3rro. Ha ocHoBara coxera a "Cv4wnnancKa BeqepHfl" 3anffra BbcraHue B
Ha 3aKOHilTe 3a TbpCeHeTO U npeAnaraHeTg uHTepecilTe Ha Ctaqnnna, cBbp3aHo c HaAuraHero na nita$nnra. KanoHe
6an4lmare il o6ilKHoBeHnre xopa hMar AonhpHr4 Tot{KI4. oco6eHo MHoro ce BbnHyBa or ra3u onepa, Koraro rpaA-
llpumep 3a roBa craBa Ha eAhH nGKbceH emn caMhflr cKaTa ynpaBa My Hanara cTpofr4 orpaHnqeHilfl.
Kanose cbc cBofire KprMilHarHil AerHilff. lltpeoHavanHo Epara Ha "cp(iln pexilM" e n gnareu BeK B cBera Ha
o6aqe ce Ha6noAaBa eAHa reHAeHqilff noKa3HilTe raHr- cnopra. KanoHe nogbpxa 6ehz6onuwn "9rararo Kt6c'i
crepn Karo An, nouaraqu Ha 6eAHnre, Aa ce pa3rnex- Koraro B or6opa rarpae 6erl6 Pyr, ra ce retp4ta, qe HuKora
Aar Karo repon. ocBeH roBa 3ag KyntActAre Ha AeficBuren- He nponycKa HilTo eAilH oT MaqoBeTe, Ha KoilTo ca AoMa-
HOCrra nonhTilql4re pa6onT p'bKa 3a pbKa c raHrqrepilTe. Kl4Hu. SoKcbopbr lxax ,{euncn cbqo ce cbcre3aBa npe3
Ioea yxpenea no eEilH Aocta e$ernaeeH HaqilH Macrra Ha ra3il enoxa. lon$tr xaro urpa cbu{o npexilBrBa cBor 6yM
rdHfcrepnTe, KoeTo or cBofl crpaHa BoAt4 Ao oqe noBeqe B noA3eMHnfl cBflT, KanoHe, xorlro ue e oco6eHo HagapeH
y6uhow B cBeftr, Koirro cb3AaBar. ,{erlcreranra o6aqe Ha urparr Ha ron$, HuKora He ce 3anarBa no ro3n cnopr.
BC'ltlKr4 raHrcrepu KaTo qFno n KoHKpeTHo Ha KanoHe KaEnuara - ocHoBara Ha nptaxoAr4 3a raHrcrepilTe,
BoAffr Ao npoqrQrneane Ha 3a6aBHara nHAyqrpnfl il He cur4o npoqt$rnBar npe3 re3h roAilHr4. OceeH ve ynpa-
noTbBar B 3a6paBa, a HanpoTr4B - noMHFT ce n Ao AHec. BrFBa Ka3ilHo "Kopa6rr" e [raqepo,6angara ua KanoHe
opraHu3npa h 3anaraHilfl Ha rouuu uag6nreaHnfl, neqar-
Kanone AaBa Br.rcoKa oueHna 3a 6ure e roilro ca npeABapilreflHo pa3npegefleHil. CaMilRr r AmepuxaHcxnrr nucaren O. Cxor
erloxaTa, B KosTo )ItI{Bee Kanone e 3ananeH KoMapgxr4fl, Ho u3rnex,qa qe He My Orq4xepan4. OceeH ornnqhrerHoro
cr npoh3BeAeHne,,Bennxnst ferc6w",
BbpBr4 oco6eHo B xa3aprHnre ilrpil. yMero OnnCBa HaBnql/lTe n
B KOeTO
Bcrxa nor4 or My6oBere Ha noA3eMHnF cBffT Ha raHr- Sypuure 4eagecer roAilHr4 Ha XX e., :a qilero 3HaquMo npoueHure npe:20-Te roAnHn Ha
crephre ce Hocflr xl43HepaAocTHrTe 3Byr_lyr Ha AXa3a. npilcbcrBile B ilcropr4flTa AonpilHacfl r caMilFT KanoHe, XX 8., c'b3AaBa cbqo raxa "Flappers
Hafr-hseecrHuRr 6ap e "Korun Yrny6" e Llraqepq xofiro e cBbpuJBaT c HaLiaroro ua Benuxara Aenpecilfl npee 1929 and Philosophers" (Euarqnnrpauu n
co6crBeHocr Ha KanoHe. B nero csnpnr Haf-n3BecrHhre gtn6oxor.,rucneru) n,,Epara Ha gxa:a',i
r nocneABaulara orMflHa Ha"cwvn pexru'iflopr
r. gHec
oTKbAero npoh3xoxAa r TepMnH-br
AXa3 n3nbflHr4renu. B Lluxaro ce cb6ilpar rvuroro aQpo- no-Bb3pacrHure xopa B AMepilKa c yMuneHne cil cnoM- cbc cbu.loTo ilMe.
aMephKaHqu, Kor4ro cnyuaT AXa3 il MeqTaflT 3a ycnex B HffT 3a BpeMeHara Ha cBoflra MnaAocr Karo "4o6poro
xilBora. Ta:u enoxa craBa u3BecrHa n Karo enoxara Ha crapo BpeMe':

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
Kannopara r uaQunra
ynara ,,6anga" (orrav npora-rnv3a vt Eywam
,,6auguf ', ua anrn e:Nx'Qa ng"o:laqaea'6aHAa';
orraM il AyMara'QangsterJ o:Hauasa"rpyna rrqa'l
|o-rucHo npra4o6lrsa t4 ilpyv:raveHnn. llpe:
1657 r ce orHacr 3a,,rpyna xilBolHra'ja npe 1 823
r. lyMaTa ce /3nor3Ba 3a HFKonKo KopyMnr4paHr4
rort4m1tA, Rowro pa6ornr e xov6rla. ClapeveH-
HOTO 3HaqeHLre Ha AyMam, OTHaCffUIO Ce 3a "rpyna
npecrunHrqra'l ce noFBFBa orono 1870 r.lA
qreH Ha nogo6la rpyna ce Haprlqa "raHroep"
(uru,6aulnr)
Baxro e o6aqe Aa ce npaBil pa3nrlKa Mex6y
"6aH4a" n ,,r'taSna". lnec c gyrvara ,,va$rn" ce
o3HaqaBa BcFKa eAHa fpyna npecTbnHt4\t4,
pa6oreLqra 3aeAHo, Ho crporo norne4Haro rep-
Mr,4Hbr creABa Aa ce orHece eA/HCTBeHo KbM
BilA npecft,nHa OpEH/3allt4fi, Cb3AaAeHa oT
In
Ct t)t4nvtaH1l,4. CunnO AbpX/ Ha MeCTHl,4Te
r,4 r nogo6Ho Ha $/nMa or
Kp-bBHrlre Bp-b3Kt1
1 97 2 er" (KprcrH ra <lr), cuqecreyea
r. " Godf ath
orpoMHo AoBepr4e MexAy BoAaLD4re ,4 rexHilTe
nocfieAoBarerlr. Ce-rp:ear rv pr4ryarn Ha noc-
BeulaBaHe 14 xerre3Hrl npaBr1na, L[4eTo Hapyuia-
BaHe e paBHoc/nHo Ha cMbpr
l/ftanvencxute KpvtMt/Hart+tA opraHu3aLl/iA
or epara Ha Kanore vrrv.ar pa3n/'.:,+t/ nMeHa,
3aBricr'rMocr or rexHrlfl nporl3xo!. Clqecreyea
MaQranra, cbcroFula ce npe,gr4MHo or cvt\:An/l-
alqr,Hgpareram, gt4ttro KopeHrl npor43nr43ar or
Kana6pnn (o6nacr e loxHa l/lranwn) r Kauopam,
urfiro qeHrup e Heanon. lloeeqero vffarilAaHcKvl
nMt4rpaHTn qneHyBaT B eAHa oTrp7ne rpynrl.
"Gang"(crc:raqeH/ero o1 Ha,,6anga') e o611
TepMtlH, OTHaCFLLI Ce 3a BClA9Kl/t l,13Bt,H 3aKOHa
Avepra<a. Iz1 go<aro Moxe Aa ce relpgr, ve An
Kanoue e,,Kpal Ha raHrcrepr4re'j norpeLuHo e
Aa ce Kaxe, rie e,,Kpan Ha Ma$r4.flTa':
BcutlKtA Te3rl npecr-bnHr,4 opraHh3allLl,l ce
6uat na yfivt\ara B 3ai.!l,4Ta Ha ceoRra qecr. B
epara Ha KanoHe Kavopara e,qaneq no-cl,4rHa
or Ma$rnra. C re,leHV e Ha BpeMero noBeqero
> KapreqHilqara
Kenn npe3 30-re
ro4uru Ha XX a.
Kynyaa aarouo6un,
KotZTo u3non3Ba,
3a Aa t43Bbpr!Ba
npecTbnneHilt 14
cneg roea 4a 6ara.
lpagcxnre 6augn
) Axec!,|
,qxel4Mc - qpKnflr Cyp6aauza4nnra ua AueprKa B HaLrafloro
npeAcTaBilTe,l Ha XX e. 6anpvte, Ko!,4To B Mr,4Haroro Kp-bc-
Ha 6ar4nrcxara
TocBar nycroulTa, ceTa npevecraar qa6o-
o6r.qrocr or
Bere cr Ha ynpaBneHrle B FpaAoBere. Mroro
BTOpaTa noroBrHa
Ha XIX e. or ,lMilrpaHTr4Te He roBopFT anrnuilcrct ezux
u Tbpcqr Kpr/Mr/HanHilre opraHr43all/r,4 c uen
coyanvBayAn. Zaglpxar ce or npocl.4ry-
wF u xa3aprH4 vrpv 14 npocTl,4paT BflacTTa
rar<a cr4 B epara Ha ,,cy:xAn pexnu'i ,qsnonzeaiAxr4
orpoMH r,4Te neqan6u, HarpynaH14 BCneAcrBhe
<oHrpa6aHgara Ha arKoxon. Toaa epeve
6erexr Hai-arcorara roLtKa B pa3BrlTr4ero
Ha enoxara, Hapr4qaHa ,,5ypHrre Aeagecer'l
opfaH|Ba\nv ca noT-bflHaTh oT
oT ocTaHanr4Te
qvhto cur,Aeon e Kanoue.
MaQrrra. Cunra ce, qe HFKor,4 or rpa6,4t-{l,4t4re
B KaMopara ca npeHeceHr,l or MaOr4Fra.
llo-rlcHoBenN<ara Aenpecr4F, KoFTo ce
pa3npocTpaHFBa no uFn CBFI r,1 oTMFHaTa
Ha ,,cyxtA1 pexr,4M" AoHacFT KpaF Ha Ta3h
flngepnre Ha noA3eMHnA cBflr
enoxa, Ho 6aHgrzre, KpbcrocBaulm B Mr4Ha
lopr npegr noFBara Ha KanoHe, B AMepr4Ka roro, ce nonBFBar orHoBo a o6pa:rre ua
cbllecrByBar MHoxecmo 6aHAr. Axecra Axerzrvrc, Kenr KaprevHrUara, boHrl u Knahp v 6ett6n
r43BecrHr,4nr aMepr<aHc<rz,,Po6na Xyali, BepoFrHo OerZc HenclH. Te:r Hoerz 6pogeulu 6aa-
e Hafr-npe4cnBr,lrerHara Srarypa cpeg xopara, Anrv v3nor3BaT 3a cBorlTe npecrbnHil qerr14
HaMt4pault4 Ce il3Bt H 3aKoHa npe3 XIX e. t1pe4- aeroN4o6t1rr,i. Ha 6op6ara Ha re3il rpecr-bn-
c ObP (Oegepanroro 6opo 3a pa3-
Ht4tJtA
BOXAa OrpOMHa rpyna npecft,nHnq,4, Hapr4qaula
ce6e c/r "6aH4ara Ha AxefiMc'; KoFro orpa6ea ara- cfleABaHe Ha CAIJ-1, ocHoBaHo npe: 1908 r,
B
KoBe /l 6aHKr4 tB Koero noryqaea o$rqranHrl npaBoMoulr4F
\en/Ifl ular M/cypr,i crte,q KpaF
Ha [paxAaHcKara eolrHa, :a6rrBailKvt c nnFqKoca- npez 1924 r.) ce o6p-ul!a rorfiMo BHrlMaHr4e
Hnre napr4 r qeHrocrm.3apagm 6aHxrare z xele t4 B CpeACTBaTa 3a MaCOBa KOMyHhKaLlr4F.
3onbrHTlre nrHNl, co6craeHocr Ha ceBepHr4 KoM MexpyeperraeH Ho n poAbnxa Ba pa3Br4Tr4ero
Ha vTarvaHcKhTe raHfcTepr4 r,4 ce c-b3AaBar
nanvtu, 6aagata Ha Axefr irac npe4rl3Br4KBa fipax
y CeBepHFUrfie, Ho IoXHFU/1Te r/ Cir,tRrar sa 6Ia- raKa HapeqeH vre,,$atttunvtn". Cneg Bropara
cBeroBHa eoiHa xeporHbr ce npeBpbtla B
ropogH r,4 KpaALlr/. 3a pa4N Hei Hara He6e3r13Becr-
ocHoBeH ,43ToqH14K Ha ne,lan6l :a naa$lt nra.
Hoct 3a rpynara ra Axecr lxefivc ce npaBFr
B
MHoxecTBo yecrb,pHrl, cpeA Koriro 'The Great ilo-<lcro noA3eMHrFT cBrr ce pa3pacrBa
rz pa:Hoo6pa:flBa orK-bM HaLlhoHarHocl4, c
Norhtfreld, Minnesota Raid" (lomvram araKa Ha
nofiBaTa ,4 HanafaHeTo ra aopoarraeprzraH-
Hopr$rarZn4, Mrnecora) ot 1972 r. N"Long Riders"
(ErEaqr ornaneqe). cKr,4, roxHoa3r4 aTCKt/t vl gpyrvt 6aupu.
Ocaeu lxecr flxeiuc, Apyrv nv'uHocrv,
o6FBeHrl l438-bH 3aKoHa, ca 5bq
Kacr1Al,4 14 CbH-
AaHc Kr4Ac, Kor,4To cTaBaT nonynFpHt4 or Srnrraa,
Hocel! c'brl]oro r,1Me, or 1969 r, rarro r Cav 5ac,
Koirro rpaBr4 HanaAeHr4F B Uara TeKCac, a cbulo
raxa r 6parnra fiHrup, xorro uecro ce cbo3nBar
c Axecr4 flxeirvc.
Bcvtururezu paz6oirtnu4r4 He Br4Harr4 ce pa3-
rnexAaT 11 npr4eMaT oT ocTaHanr4Te B ,43t1fino
HeFaTrlBHa CBeTIr,lHa. TOea Ce Abrxr,4 Ha oaKra,
qe AeTeKTr4BilTe llnu<epror, Kor,4To npec|eA-
Bar rllUa t13B-bH 3aKoHa, no4o6Ho Ha lxecn
!xe/uc, qecro Blpuar Heula, Kor,4To ce 3ane-
qaTBaT B C-b3HaHr4eTO Ha XOpaTa CbC CBOFTa
xecloKocT Aaneq no-cr4nHo, oTKonKoTo npec-
T-bnleHtzlfiTa Ha caMrre 6angttttt, r onpeAe
neHo c'] cneqenBaT aHl\fiarwle Ha Bcl/tr-tKtl.
BeponrHo nogo6Ho orHoueHLre e pe3ynrar
or peaKurlffra cpeuly 3aolrBaHero Ha pela,
cbllecrByBaul e o6qecreoro no oHoBa BpeMe.
SyneeapgHrre poMaHr4 c-bqo neqenFr nony-
nFpHocI onucea(AKt4 nr4qHocl,4Te, o6FBeHr4 Cnrcagnsra or osoBa BpeMe neqenflT nonyntpHocr c
rl3Br,H 3aKOHa, 3a Fepor4. pa3Ka3nre 3a raHrcrepu, xonro ny6nuxyear.
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
r
3HaMeHHTocTrITe rr rroA3eMHr,rflT cBtilT
Anaepr,rrcarperbprrflBa orpoMHr4 rrpoMeHrl rrpe3 20-re rolr4Hrl na XX s. 3a 4o6po vnnsa Jrorro
raHrcrepcKr{.f,T nr{Aep An Kauone crzMBoJrr{3krpa eputa, npe3 Korrro yrrpaBnf,Ba [oA3eMHrrfl. cBflT.
I,Inaero My ce ilpeBpbrrla B cr{HoHrlrr,r na y6uficrBara. Kauone e o6err Ha r,rHTepec 3a MHo3r,rHa KaKTo
B1bB BpeMeTO, B KOerO )Kr4Bee, TAKAVT IO-KbCHO, rIaK AO HaIrrLr AHI4.

Arruopbr, cneqerun Harpaflara

,rOcxap", KoihTo 3anoqBa x(nBora
c!! KaTo ManoreTeH npecTbnHnK B
uMurpaHTcKrrr KBapTan
Po6upr ge Hrapo (p.1943)

Koraro Po6upr4e Hupo nonyqaBa ponffra Ha An KanoHe nper 1987 r. eue Qunma"The
ta Vfiawn,3a Aa ce noflrorBl4 3a ponfra, Koflro
Untouchables" (He4oceraerritrare), rarrauuaea
npeAcror4 Aa n3rrpae. CHuuaqHusr eKiln cMflTa, qe roBa e crpaHHo xpyMBaHe, npeABuA

$arra ve ra KanoHe cbu{ecrByBar Ha pa3noroxeHre MHoxecrBo Marepuanh. CruRra ce

o6ave, ve roea e npocro r43FBa Ha eAHa Apyra crpaHa or xapaKrepa na ,[e Hupo raro arruop.
Mrxur, rofiro ce 3aBplqa or Cpe4ureuHoMopcKt4n pafiox, He e Po6rpr ge Hupo, a rbqe-
3apHuflT 14 cbu{eBpeMeHHo reMnepaMeHreH Ar KanoHe. B npo4uaxeHue Ha eAuH rueceq fle
Hupo Ha44aaa r.lenu 1 4 rr. Arrooptr ue e AoBoneH or roBa retro lt Hocr4 crfrau{o 6eluo nog
Apexure cu,Vzcrcy6ea Aopr4 Kr4'.typr4 or Kocara cu,3a Aa cb3flaAe xapaKTepHoro onfleuil-
BrBaHe Ha KanoHe. Teau HeulloeepHvycvnun u3rpax4ar o6pata Ha gguH xecroK Kanoxe,

xofiro ocraeR ornerlarbK y 3purenfiTe, MaKap qe npncbcrBuero na [e Hrapo Ha eKpaHa e

KpaTKO KaTO npOAbnXUTenHOCT.

fle Hupo e rpero noKolreHue uMilrpaHL vufiro 6aqa e nonyr4ranuaHeq u nonyaMepuKa-

aeq, a matlxa My e nonoBuH upnaH.qKa. l4spacrea B uMfirpaHrcKr4fi KBapran Ha Manrara Vlranva u e nporoHeH or ruMHa3nflTa 3apaAil npecrbnleHilrra,
Kol4To Bbpmt4 raro pxoua. TaKa HaquHb1, no roriro pacre, xanoMHfl MHoro 3a paHHure roAuHu na KanoHe. Ha ra3u npeqKa B ceoR xileor KanoHe pearupa
c npucbeAilHnBaHe KbM 6aH4a, Ho [e Hupo, poAilTenta ca xopa Ha u3KycrBoro, xenae Aa craHe aKrbop ou{e or 1 O-roAuuta Bb3pacr. Cneg npo-
'{r4r4ro
roHBaHero cr4 or yqunuqe 3anoqBa Aa y'14 B cnequanHa aKrbopcKa uLrona. Tanaxrrr my parqu$ea a ge6orHun my $unrvr or 1969 r. "The Wedding Party"
(Caar6exo rupxecreo). flevenu ,,Ocxap" ra naft-go6pa BropocreneHHa ponn 3a yqacruero cra e "The Godfather Part ll" (KplcrHurtl ll qacr) nper 'l 974 r.

u 3arabpxAaBa noroxeHuero cu e Xonueyg c HarpaAa or Auepuxarcxara $raruoaa aKa4eMrfl sa Qunua or 1 980 r. "Raging Bull" (ParnpeHunr 6rax).

!e Hupo HaMupa il3xr4BnBaHero cu npu npecb34aBaHero Ha o6pasa Ha Kanoxe e "The Untouchables" (HeAoceraemure) 3a u3KflrorrurerrHo u3nura-
Hue.3aReRea, qe He xerae Aa nonyqaBa noBeqe ponu, no4o6Hu Ha ra3n, Ho cbqeBpeMeHHo pa6orra Bbpxy yqacrun B oqe ABa Quama ra npo4bnxaBa
cBoflra ycuneHa pa6ora. Beponrno roaa c npaBo Moxe Aa ce orgage Ha crpacrHara ilrarraHcKa Harypa, Korro e o6qa ra [e Hrapo u KanoHe.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
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raHrcreptr Karo KanoHe, 3a Aa |Emi.vspqrt* ]-l AMephKaHcKu poMaHxcr
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cneqenfr KMeLKtt nocr npot3BeAeHut, (a1o
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6onrara u yAoeoncreuero
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M'HANUF BEK.

^ ItrqHocrilTe B crBhre Kapera ca npeAcraBeH[ B Ta3n rnaBa

Heno6eguMrrrrr cBeroBeH uaMnuoH, u3nor3BaH

oT raHrcTepuTe
,[xax fiertancur (1 895-1 983]

Ha ,[enn Ha He3aBucr4Mocrra, 4 nnv 1 91 9 r., ce pax4a HoBa 3Be3Aa B cBera Ha 6oKca. Ha roau geH ,[eMncil HoKa-
yrrpa nonynflpHnfl fixec yunapfl u neqenil cBeroBHara HatpaAa B TexKa Kareropilfl.
llo oHoaa BpeMe B 6oxcoeilre cpegn ce BoAm noneMuKa orHocHo ypeneHure MaqoBe. Cnoprur ce npeBpbqa B

gofiaa xpaea 3a raHrcrepilTe, Kor4To l43KapBar napn or xa3aprHilre urpu. Cteceu ecrecrBeHo B Ta3il KopyMnupaHa

cpeAa rqeMncil ce 3ano3HaBa c qoBeKa, Koiro onilqerBopflBa h pa3npocrpaHflBa cbu{ara ra3m Kopynqilr B qFno
Vuraro - Ar KanoHe. Tasr epuxa o6aue e pa3pyueHa npez 1927 r. rqeMncu peuaBa Aa HanpaBil Maq peBaHu npe3
cenreMBpt4 cbqara ro4taHa, cne4 Karo ry6m uaunnoHcKara rnrra npeAhuJHara ro4uHa. HocRr ce HenpilsrHil cny-
xoBe, qe ilMeHHo KanoHe npeMara Kynilqa napil Ha Aeuncra Aa naAHe a roau 4ey6ori. Cauunr flemncu cruRra An

3a cBor4 noqilTaren HoMep eAHo, Ho 3apaAh cnoprcMeHcrBoro cil ro Molrr4 Aa ce Abpxyr Ha pa3cronHile. laHrcreprr
u3nbflHfBa Mon6aTa My rr il3npau{a qBern, npilAppfieHil c Kapryrr{Ka, qilfrTo TeKcT e exo Ha Ka3aHoro or fleuncu ra
cnoprcMeHcrBoro. AeMncu ry6l4 Maqa il peuaBa Aa ce orrernu. llpeeprr4a ce B 6oKcoB MeHilA)r{bp. KanoHe sanoqea Bce no-qecro Aa ro noceujaBa c mon6u
3a cbAeilcrB[e B ponflra Ha nocpeAHilK npil ypexAaHero Ha 4ey6oure. ,QeMncil nocreneHHo 3anoqBa Aa HeroAyBa cpeqy An, KorlTo uMa Bnacrra Aa peuaBa
xoft ga no6egu u rotl ga uzry6vi, 14 Aopl4 pyH4a, B Kofiro Maqbr rpn6Ba Aa npilKntoqr. B peaynrar or roBa AeMncn cKbcBa BcflKaKBu orHoueHilfl c KanoHe.
Hegoeoncreoro or AercKure cil ro4ilHm 6oKcbopbr r43pa3nBa c pa3MaxBaHe Ha toMpyqil. Paxga ce e cemeficreoro Ha 6onHaBa uaraxa ra 6erpa6oreH 6au.la
nper I 985 r. B MaHaca (qara Konopa4o).lAznwsaimtA cpaM or 6e4Hocrra u Huqerara, B Korro e npilHy4eH 4a xueee, 4"un6oKo B ce6e cr rafiHo xaAyBa Aa
cneqerr Kynilqa napu Karo HaiA-ctAnHtAfl 6orcuop Ha cBeTa. Meqrara rvry ce c6u4ea tA ce t/F,AWa Ao BbpxoBeTe Ha 6oKcoBr4fl cBflT. AeMncil e xuB npilMep 3a

peanu3npaHara"ArrlepuxaHcra Meqra"Ha 6e4Hnxa, KofiTo npeycnrea. Ha pnHra Ha xilBora HflMa HilTo eAHa:ary6a tAynvpa Ha 87-rogl4urHa Bb3pacr.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 Fennnr Ha fl)Ka3a, palrguQrnBarq e,,Sypnrre
ABageceT"
Ilync Aprvrcrponr (1900-1 9711

,{xar myrnrara ce pa4a 6narogapeHne Ha qepHoKoxure aMepuKaHqil, ronro xoru6uHlrpar KnacilqecKara My3uKa c
pllrMure Ha rpaguLlt4oHHara aQpuxaHcxa My3ilKa. Bre speneHara, xoraro a$poauepilKaHqilTe Bce oqe ca nopoxeHr Ha
cilnHa AucKpttMnHaqur, My3fiKara e il3TorrHuK Ha roru$opr u ycnoxoenue.Jlyuc ApMcrpoHrce pax4a e Hn OplrbHc -n1gr-
xara Ha gxaea. O6oxaea uytuxara c qflnoro cr4 cuprle, rura raro rR 6necru c RpKa cBernuHa Bbpxy MpaqHara Huqera.
flpee egHa HoBoroguuHa Hou.t qenilrrr rpa4 e orapeH or Qoriepaepxu no cnyvafi nparHuxa. Momqeraia crpennr c Aer-
cKure cll urpaqKttntctonetu.fnegatlxu ecuuxoroaa,vna1vn llyuc Aprr,rcrpoHr npoil3Bex4a il3crper or l4cn4HcKarzl nyuKa
Ha cBoR 6aqa. ApecryaaH e il u3npareH B npeBb3nurarenHa v+crvry.IAfr.Cr46ara My rorBt4 o6aqe ueoqaxean o6par, rufi
Karo ilMeHHo raM HayqaBa 3a KopoHHt4fl l4Hcrpyueq xofiro qe ce npeBbpHe BbB Bogeu{ 3a HeroBara rpyna. Jlyr,tc HunHasa
ga tluxaro HRroaKo foflttHu no-KbcHo B3eMa rBbpAo peueHne ceprlo3Ho Aa ce 3axBaHe cbc 3aHilMaHrflIa
t4 Ha qoBer<, xotino
$6asnRea ny6nurara,
l4cropunra Ha AXa3a e rrcHo cBbp3aHa c ucropltnTa Ha raHrcrepure. Crqecreyea reopilfl, qe
Axa3br Karo My3uKaneH crilr Bb3Hr4KBa or cBhpeHero Ha poro-
Be, Koero ce u3non3Ba, 3a Aa ce npuBrlt4qar KnueHru e ny6nu.rnilTe AoMoBe B KBapraflilTe Ha yAoBorrcrBilero. Hro OpnurHc ra3naAa B HeMtanocL a AXa3 My3iKaH-
"lure ce ornpaBfr rcuu 9uraro Ha An Kanone. Totl npraerua pa4yulHo aBreHrut{Hure
AXa3 My3ilKaHril t4 Aopu ce rBbp4u, ue e xry6oeere ci HaeMa u3nbnHiTenu
eAilHcTBeHo or aQpoarvrepraraHcxu npourxofl. flo oHoaa epeme lyuc AprrlcrpoHr ce noABt43aBa a guxaro. Cne4 apecryBaHeTo Ha KanoHe
4xaltr npeMecrBa cBo-
rra 6am e KaHtac Curil. ToBa ce Abrlxll or'racrn Ha $arra, ve raM ilMa corruAHa noAKpena or crpaHa raurcrepure. l'lo-KbcHo
Ha B Kpenocr Ha Axa3a ce npeBpbqa
Hro tzlopr. Oco6eHo MHoro n no cnequafeH HaquH ce qeHu rqxarrr na,,6poy4erl"n,,Xapnervr'f xoero ro npeBpbqa B xapaKrepHa aMepuKaHcKa My3l4ra. AprucrpoHr
o6ave orrasea ga ce npilAbpxa KbM ra3u $oprvrylra il oruBa HaraM, HaKbgero ro noBexAa ranaHrur uy. lrlreecreH c npo3Br4qero cu Cavmo, rorl u3nblBa cBera c
qacrue c u3BecrHure cu napqera, Karo Hanpumep "what a wonderful world" (Karue nperpaceH cenr).
B onura cr ga ce oceo6o4ra or 6e4Hocna, KanoHe il:norsBa peBonBepa, a Apmcrpoxr - rpounera. E$erru1 rorlro oxalgar stpxy xopara, e pa3nuqeH, Ho t4

ABaMara ca npegcraBilTenHn $urypvi Ha xe4oHl4crrlqHara epa B aMepilKaHcKara ucropt4n.

Benururr xonrrByflcKrd rBoperl, KofiTo nperBoprBa cBera Ha

raHrcTepuTe Bbpxy eKpaHa
Xayupg Xoxc (1 896-1 9771
B cpe4ara Ha 20-re roAuuu na XX e. $unmure, npou3BexAaHu e Amepura, aaeMar 90 o/o
or ceeroeHun QuntroB na3ap. Ha rpe6ena Ha BlrHara B aMepuKaHcKoro
K[Ho npe3 1927 r.ce cnyuaa eAHo peBonpLluoHHo ct6urue, Koero KopeHHo t43MeHfl cBera Ha $unttrare - nofBara Ha nbpBran oasyveH $ulm. Krarioroop6ure cbc 3ByK

14 cBucreHero Ha ryMu nogy4flBar ny6nurara.

llo oHoea BpeMe KpbBonporll4TilRTa B raHrcrepcKara eoftHa ca
nah-cunu,Ar Kanone ce npeBpbqa e cu6rpareneH o6par Ha raHtcrepilTe u cnryV3a Mo4ea
Ha npecrbnHnqilTe Rbpxy eKpaHa. HenperucHaro ce ctrgaaar QvlnMu, vmcnupupann or KanoHe. E4uH or rolevrilTe uegboBpl4 B xaHpa Ha mHtcrepcKilTe
$unuu e
HanpaBeH nper i 932 r. u Hocu 3amaeue"Scarface"(6ennsaHunr). Heroe pexracuop e Xayupg Xorc. flpra curgaaaHero Ha ra3n Kt4HorBop6a
Xorc urvra Bb3MoxHocrAa
n3nor3Ba rexHhqecKure cbBeru Ha Qurypu or noA3eMHuf canr. gyear ce u3crpeni or cbBceM ucrl4HcKl4 KapreqHi nucroleru, a 6enerur Ha Kanone e npecb34aAeH
Rbpxy nilqero Ha lraBHtlF repoh, u BcuqKo roBa B uMero Ha peani3Ma. Xoxc npealrHacf mHrcrepure, onpe4elnrixu rv xaro"uctuucru ulxe'l lzlanrnHeHure
c
rBbpAe MHolo Hacilnue cqeHil or Sunrrila ce npeBpbqar reMa 3a pa3roBop, xoraro
B $unutr il3flil3a Ha eKpaH, BbnpeKu roea o6ave ycnrBa Aa craHe eAHa or narl-
neqefl uBurl4re npoAyKt lt4t4 Ha roAuHaTa.

Xoxc, uuuro 3aHilMaHilfl e ceo6o4noro BpeMe HflMar HilKaKBa Bpb3Ka cbc cb3AaBaHero na
Qranmra, Karo HanpuMep asro[4o6unHn cbcre3aHur il rereHe cbc

cxu 4e6ror npaeu npea 1 926 r. c Qurma cra "The Road to Glory" (lltrRr ru^r cnaeara). HeHaeux(Aa cto6pasRaaHero c Brracrra Ha KuHocryEilure u ce Mecru or eAHa B
Apyra,3a Aa Moxe Bce naKAa HaMepu KoMnpoMl4c Mq(i4yTRX 14 ceoilre co6creeHu Bb3lnegu 3a xneora. llpoQecuoHaflil3MbT HaMupa u3RBa e uHoxecreo SmMoBr4
xaHpoBe: ucTopl4qecKara ApaMa, yecTbpHt4, KoMeEilil t4 Mto3ilKbI14.
Maxap ve Xoxc ce 3ano3HaBa c ucrl4HcKt4 ftHrcrepu no BpeMe Ha cHtlMKure Ha "scarface" (SennraHunr) u BFpHo u roqHo pa3Kp4Ba rexHuff cBrI, MarKo ce ilHTe-
pecyBa or rflxHara qoBeuKa crpaHa. Bcuvxr,rre My ocraHanil xpail.
Quntru ca c r4acrnue

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 "HegoceraeMriAT", xofiro ce n3npaBf, cpeqy
He6nearara Kopynqn* B 9uxaro
Enuur Hec (1903-1 9571
Aero6raorpaQr,tnra na Ennur Hec'The Untouchables" (He4oceraeuure) e ny6nuryeana nper 1 957 r. IlereH4apHara il repovtqHa

6op6a cpeqy noA3eMHnR cBrn, Kofrro neqeril B npo4bnxeHue Ha eAHo qflno noKoneHue, no-KbcHo e eKpaHn3npaHa Karo reneBu3tt-
oHHa rqpaMa. KHurara e xanrcaHa,3a Aa pa3Kpue pa3oqapoBaHnnTa, Kot/To Hec uEnurea.

Enurr Hec ce paxlp B opeMrfiaBo yp6aHurupaqnn ce rpa4 9nxaro npea 1903 r. ly':pacrea B cbBceM o6urHoeeHo ceMeficreo.
Tori e rpacrae ra p,reu. flo4 ennnluero Ha cbnpyra Ha cBoflTa cecrpa, xoriro e arenr ete 06? rileqrae 3a xilBol a xotiro qe nottara ga
Bb3TbpxecrByBa otpaBqAnnBocTrit. B egun n,toueHr cauuRr rofi ucra 4a pa6orra :a 068 eMecro rosa o6aqe craea areHT no HaflaraHe

na"cynta pexrM'e MuHrcrepcrBoro Ha npaBocbAuero u nonyqaBa Ha3HaqeHue B cneqilareH exrn, Btnpexu qe 3anoqBa pa6ora,
npo4bflxaBa Aa xl,rBee c poAurenure cu u e cilnHo 3aBucr4M or cBoRTa matlxa. Maxap qe uMa npunil'lHa BtA3viA u xapaKrepHure 3a
repo[Te qepr]t tcrlo nrTenhreHrHocr u au6uqun, e nepQerquonucl xotlro e AeficrgurenHocr He Moxe Aa ce cnpaBn c pa3oqapoBaHnfl il Heycnexn.
HeroB Bpat pa:6upa ce, e roneMilflT raHrcrep An KanoHe. Bua epeueHara, Koraro roJlKoBa uHoro nornqetlcKt,l 14 AbpxaBH tA cnyxvren pa6ornr pbKa 3a

ptr<a c 6anArmme, Hec e qacr or"He4oceraeuure'i Kol4To He Morar Aa 6r4ar nogxyneHra, 3areapn qexoBere 3a npou3BoAcrBo Ha arlKoxorl eAuH no e4un, Toaa

noAnomara HanpegbKa My npu HanaraHero Ha 3axoHa. MHoro xopa pa6ornr no apecra Ha KanoHe, Ho HecxelaeAa e qoBeKbI, Hoceq ortoBopHocrra 3a HeloBoro
nagenlre l-lage6gr,ne myo6ave He ce onpae4aear.Tofi cr6upa goxamrencrBa 3a noB4uraHero Ha o6ailHeuran cpeqy KanoHe 3a HapyuaBaHe Ha uroHa la"cp<ttR
pexaaml rtoaqrafiHaorerxa raurcrepbre apecryBaH 3apaA[ yKpuBaHe Ha AaHbUr4, Meqrure Ha Hec ca paa6nru, KoraroABilxeHilero 3a orMRHa Ha npoxn6wqnan
ycnnBa Aa pearrcnpa qenra cra, roft ocraea 6el pa6ora. llo-rucHo 3aeMa no3uqunTa Ha flilpeKrop no o6qecraeuara 6egonacuocr e Klnenrn4. He e oco6euo
noflynflpeH r He ce 3agbpxa Abnro Ha ratu cnyx6a. Karo nrneH uey4aqHil6 no-KbcHo ce or4aBa Ha aJlKoxonil3bM. Koraro e nunn, c HocranrilF pa3Ka3Ba 3a cBoure
crbnKloe€Hlrfl u6vnnt c KanoHe, a reltA tAcropt vt cny)Kar 3a ocHoBa Ha HeroBara 6norpaQuvHa rrura. Ycnerur Ha il3Aa4eHara raop6a o6ave He ro cnacflBa or
3itrpyAr€Horo nonoxeHue, Koero ce HaMupa, u rofi ylaupa, npegu KHurara Aa ce noflBu no KHr4xHure pa$roee. Hec noKa3Ho npilApyxaBa Kanoue go rareopa e
B

Arnanra, ra g3 ro 3au{in4 or t{ypr.uyMure Ha naervrnra y6rariqu. Ha c6oraane o6euHeHnnr e 4aHbqHa q3MaMa 3arBopHnK noxenaea ecuvro xy6aeo Ha Hec. Karear,
ve geicrarreanata npilqilHa, nopa4u Korro Hec racxa 4a npuApprv KanoHe e 9uraro, e 4a ugnuHu co6crgeHure cvt Meqru 3a repoil3bM.

f[eagecer ocMlrrr npe3ngeHT Ha CrregnHeHUrre aMepuKaHCKvt

ut
r{arn, KofiTo noranf, crpaHaTa Gn B xaoc n 6espefluf, crrc cBof
3axon 3a cyxurf pe)KUrM
Tonaac Ygpoy Yuncun (1856-1 9241
Beporno nafi-go6pe npegcraan Ygpoy YnrcrH,4eaflecer u ocMr4fl npe3ugeHT Ha Cre4uHeHure aMepuKaHcKr4 qaril, HeroBara MaKciMa/ qe,,aKo HfMau crpacr

or xafi<naexrre ri 4Hvr.
Yuncux e cnH Ha nacrop or Brrrp4xuHuR (e4uH or nbpBure aMepilKaHcru r4arrrr). lipeBpbula ce B nbpBoKnaceH yqeH, cneg Karo cbBceM caMocronrenHo h3yqaBa

ry6epnarop Ha u{ara Hnc $opcra. floKaro e Ha ro3r4 nocl BbBexAa peBontoqiloHHr4 npoMeHu ra e rrrr6paH ra KaHAnAar or pe4oBere Ha cBoflTa naprt,tfl 3a y'{acrile B
npe3ilAeHrcKure rr6opu nper 1912 r.,rouro neverr y6egurerHo. lloeaneH e or 6onect Ho BbnpeKu roBa e npe3u4eHr B npoAu-
xeHue xa 8 ro4uuu.
Hafi-ronsuoro nocruxeuue HaYurcbH eroBa, qerbpcu pelueHile 3a flrpaara ceeroeHa aoftHa, roero cnope4 Herorptt6aaga ce
nocrilrHe c noMoqra Ha pa3opbxaBaHe, caMoonpeAennHe u o6e4uHreaHe Ha Halluure. Torl r4gnara reau uAeu B cBoilTe raKa Hape
veHu "t{erupuna4ecer ro,{ru': Te3u npilHqunu ce nogKpenrr c orpoMeH eHrycua3bM B qnn cBnI, Ho caMara Arvtepuxa He ogo6pnaa
cb34aBaHero Ha cBeroBHa Jrura Ha Haqurre. Crr4ecrByBa reoprn, cnope4 Korro ynopilTocrra na YunctH tr,ty n3t4rpaBa ,Ioua uera, a
npol4BHt4qure My npaBrr Bct4rtKo Bb3MoxHo, 3a Aa nonpevar na o6pa3yBaHero Ha ceeroeeH curog. CamuRr Yunctn e Aocra KoHceF
BaruBeH qogex. He npheMa ceo6oAara n nporpeca Ha xeHm a o6qecreoro u uMa Aocra cunHo u3pa3eHu pacoBil npe4pa3cbAbtlt4,
oco6eHo cnpRnao qepHoKoxure. BgrcrarenxuRr My Mopan noMara 3a clxafleHue Ha nog4pbxHr/qnre Ha Kay3ara Ha npoxu6uqnnra.
lr1 rurir xaro rff xBbpnfl Atreplrra B nponacrra Ha xaoca, no-KbcHor cneA cMbprra Ha Yunctu, ce HaMilpar u xopa, Kol/To t43Ka3Bar
MHeHt4ero, qe c AeftcrgrRra cu rofr cnomara eoftHara il pacu3MbrAa orBeAar cBera e 4e6pure Ha Berurara genpecuR. Al Kanone ce
pa3rne4a xaro repofi B MHoro no-cruHa creneH, orKorxoro YmcuH,4opil 3apaflil o6qecraeHure KyxHrr, Kor4ro orBapn.
Yuncun e 3anrr c B-MHa or KpylruKa 3apaflil ropeu{oro cl4 cbpqe, Kpurnxara u noxBarara eAHoBpeMeHHo ca orrt4ttt4TenHrflT
6ener Ha BeruKlrfl voaex. Ctc curypnocr YranctH nocraBfl ocHoBure Ha Abnbr nepuoA Ha npocnepurer ra Auepuxa, a ltAeanure My
3a fleMoKpaqilfl u cBeroBeH Mup ca xrBil u Ao AHec.

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
Avr ep rr K aHcK trflT rroA3 eM eH
cBflT CreA CMbpTTa Ha CBOfl
I,rMrIepaTop
Epara na,,EyprulTe ABaAecer" upr.rr<flroqBa c orMf,Hara:aa,,cyxvrfl.pe]KkrM",
a An Kanone, BoAerrlara Surypa Ha eroxara, e apecryBaH 3a yKpr{BaHe
Ha glaHTt\v. Ha Heroeo M.lcro r4IBa vrarwraHcKara crrrlr4Jrr4aHcKa tvia;$ut.
Tx paaupocrrrpa opraHrrcar\LrflTa cvvr3 r\flnuta crpaHa upa6oru e rafiHo
cbApyxr4e c Te3r1, KotrTo caHa Bnacr.
Kar auepr4KaHcKr4-sr rroA3eMeH cB-f,T ce rrpoMeH-rr cneA Kanone?

3areerr Ha rrMrreprrflTa Ha Kanone

I f,HOfO OT 6AH44TE B crpa-
IVI"uru ce cr6'rpar npe:
1929 r. e Ho flxrpcu,
3a Aa npo-
BeAaT nperoBopl4 ToqHo B pa3fapa
Ha MacoBrTe raHrcTepcKr4 KpbBo-
nponnruR. Toaa e cpeqa ua uarl-eu-
coKo paBHrule Ha BcilrlKr 6ocoee
Ha noA3eMHrfl cBfl\ a qenra fi e
cb3AaBaHeTo Ha KOMLlCr4fl, KOffTO Aa
peuaBa Bb3Hl4KHannTe CnopoBe
c nponhBaHe Ha KpbB, a cnaEeafixil
3aKoHhre Ha 6ngHeca. Ctqecreyea
o6aqe u Apyra roqKa B AHeBHilfi peA
Ha cpeu.lara, 3a Korro Kanone ue
3Hae HUU.IO.
llo oHoea eperue rofi ce HaMupa
TpyAHa cvryary* Or nonoxeunero
ct,t, npe4ocraBrulo My a6conorua
Brracl e B cbcToRHl4e no HacilItcTBeH
HaqrH Aa ce cnpaBil c ecexr, rofiro
ce r3npeqyr Ha n'brfl my, e cnyvafi
qe He Moxe Aa nocTl4fHe cbrnacne
c Hero. OcraHannre npecrbnHnqr
r{yBcrBar, qe aKo KanoHe nonyqil
pa3peueHne Aa 3ana3il roBa cTa-
ryKBO, raHrcTepcKilET cBflr qe
h3naAHe B Kpn3a. 3aencrra, nopo-
AeHa or otpoMHure npuxo4r Ha
BepofTHo cbulo yt3ilrpaBa cBofTa
ponn Karo Sarrop. Bue eceru cny-
vai e e4nH MoMeHT KanoHe ce npe-
Bpbu{a B nog6y4uren Ha pa3Aopll
oqrre Ha ocraHannre 6aH4n.
flopn ,{xonr,r Topuo, npeAce4a-
reflcTBau.l cpe[4aTa Ha BilCOKO paB-
H[U]e, n3pa3FBa OrKpl4TO MHeHn-
eTo ctl, ,le e rpafiuo epenae KanoHe
Aa ce noycnoxor. Yqacruuqa4Te B
cnoMeHarara c6npra npeAnarar eAHo
rrnarTr AOCTa yHil3ilrenHo peueHile Ha npo-
6nema. 3a KanoHe e rpyAHo Aa npu-
eMe qeTnphHaAeceTTe ToqKil, KOI4TO
ca o4o6peHu, eKrtoqnrenHo u xpafi Ha
BcilqKn y6vtitcrea, Kot4To t43BbpuBa,
pa3nycKaHe Ha 6aH4ara, KoflTo pbKo-
BOAyr, OrAaBaHe B pbqeTe Ha 3aKne-
rrfl Bpar flxoy:e$ Arleno na Bcur.tKt4
He onepaqilu e 9nxaro r npeAaBaHe Ha
uHTepecnTe B xa3apTa Ha yrJacTHLr-
qilre B cpeu{ara. Aro An Hapyuil npa-
Bilnara, xuBortrrrny uqe 6t4e u3roxeH
Ha onacHocr. llpnrucHar e 40 creHara.
r 9apnc lyqaHo - eAnH or raHrcrepilre ,{opu nnaHrpa Aa cb3AaAe ycnoBvt
B or HoBoro noKoneH[e, xoiro geficraa e 3a apecryBaHero cil 3a nnxoe 4pe6Ho
sacanoro Ha 30-re roAhHr Ha XX B. CneA
KaTO e 3anoBeH u u3MbqBaH oT raHfcTepn, HapyueH4e il Aa npeKapa n3BecrHo
npuHaAnexaqu xtu nporneHnxoea 6aHga, BpeMe B 3aTBOpa, AOKaro peueHuflTa
oqensBa r nonyqaBa npo:erqero cn.llrxn
oT cpeulaTa ce npoMeHflT vnv cTaHar
rY'{aHo.
regeficreurenHn.
llo ttpoHwn Ha crg6ara eno-
xaTa Beqe 3anoqBa cBoflTa npoMflHa.
CamnRr KanoHe 3aflBflBa, qe aKo He e
,pWVAr pexnu'i Hl4Kora ne 6u cranan
raHrcrep. llpe:,,Eypnrare ABa4ecer"
ce pa44a qoBeKbI, rofiro qe eneae
B aHarnre Ha ilcropt4flTa raro Hafi-
Al, roneMilffr u nah-onacnvtnT cpe4 aMe-
pilKaHcKilTe npecrbnHilqu. Enoxara
cBbpuBa c Kpaxa na QoH4oeara 6opca
na'Yoncrprfir" e Hto hopx, etenn-
B .rafiril ceera e l-onRtnara Aenpecilfl.
Kpafino BpeMe e MaQuqra
Aa r{3Jre3e Ha rrpeAeH rrJraH
Ctc ranega Ha Bracrra Ha KanoHe
4eere Qpaxqfiil B noA3eMHnfl cBflr
^ Ilocrep Ha $ranrura "The Godfather"
(Kprcru r x'ur). Ha Hp ilopx ranovear eofrHara cil
L-
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 ,,AKo ne 6eure,,cyxnnT pexr,r rvr'i

HnKOra HsMaue Ea cTaHa

raHrcrep."
3a KoHrpon Bbpxy Hero. B pa:rapa Ha ro3l4 xoH$nlrxr
ce paxAa HoBri']8r BUA raHrcrep. Tunwqwtnt My npeA-
craBilTefl e luxm fiyvaHo. fiyvaHo nprflara Ha npaK-
TilKa crparerilRra Ha Maxnaeenil, B pe3ynrar or Kofro

h. ocHoBHr4 $nrypvt e 6aupure ce n:6ileat noMexAy o,1.

Pagqilcreafixil Bcrlr{KM 6ocoee HaBe.qHbx, rou yne-
cHflBa u HaMarflBa 6gnrenuocrra B noA3eMHvrF cBflr
CeH:aquoHurzrre y6raricraa Ha "LrerilpilAecer Ao nerAe-
cer raHrcrepil" 3a eAHa Hoq HaMmpa uilpoK or3ByK B
cpepcrBara 3a MacoBa rzrHSopruraqran. Taxa u He craga
flcHo Aanr Hailcrr4Ha rorKoBa uHoro 6auguiril HaMI4-
par cMbprra cil, Ho noflyqaBa ilMero cm or 6yura Ha
ctl llvrr ila HcKr4Te cefl fl H [4, r/3BecreH nog r nero,,H o qra
Ha cfl qun!4aHcrara eeuepHn'i
fiyuano oc-ur4ecrBflBa 3HaqHMil npoMeHn, cneg Karo
3aB3eMa Bnacrra. Buecro Aa npr3Hae ocrapenrre
Be're cypoBr4 npaBilna, ce $orycupa Bbpxy p'bKoBo-
AeHero Ha ua$rnra raro 6uauec. Oreapn Bparilre 3a
nrafivaH[u, Kor4To He ca cbc cv\nnwaHcKtA nporl3-
xoA, [4 npoA-bnxaBa c opraHil3aqilflra Ha noA3eMHhF
cesr. Taxrfixlr lyvaHo npegrara Ha Kanoue opraHh-
3mpaHero Ha cpeqa Ha BficoKo paBHilule Ha 6an4rare
e 9r1xaro. C qen ra:6nreaHe Ha 6esclnr4cneHn xoHSrr-
Kru, noApexfla Heu]ara cpeg 6aHgrare raKa, qe re ce
cnopa3yMnBar BcMqKri peueHilfl ga 6rgar B3eMaHr
or n3nbfiHr/reneH KoMr4TeL HapilqaH or4e Konucnnra.
Toea 6enexyr paxAaHero Ha eceo6xearHa Kpr,lMr.i-
HanHa Mpexa. Koraro KanoHe e il3npareH B 3arBopa
Ha 24 oxroN4epw 1931 r., Kouucrsra npu4o6rea oqe
no-fonflM KoHTpon.
Opraum:aqunra na KanoHe ce BrliBa a ua$tarra, a

uaQrornre 3aeMar Mflcroro Ha KanoHe Karo xapaK-

TepHa npo8Ba Ha npecTbnHMTe eneMeHTyl B aMep/-
KaHcKoro o6ulecreo.

r fpaxgaHnre Ha LlhKa.o BAl,{rar rocr no cnyqaia orugHara Ha,,cyxft

pexnM" npe3 1 933 L

Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

Cb6paHre Ha BoAaql/Te Ha nerre Haft-roneMil
^
aat,"hnvv Ha Hlot4opKcKaTa MaOnF.
PeQopma KbM eAHa HoBa opraHr{3arlnfl
Benuxara Aenpecilff e Aueprxa Kapa npe3r{AeHra
Opaumuu Pyaeenr Aa BbBeAe HaqiloHanHa aAMvtHt/1-
crparuBHa nonvrvKa, il3BecrHa oule Karo,,Hoe rypc"
,New Deal). 3axon-ur 3a,,cwAfl pexrzrrra'j xoirro enilga e
cr,|]a KaTo eAilH coqnaneH il ilKoHoMt4qecKn eKcnepil-
r,leHT C B-b3Br4rueHil qenn, Ho oT Apyra cTpaHa/ cb3AaBa
pat-cta6vnunn n3ToqHuK Ha AoxoAt4 3a raHrcrepure,
ce orMeHff nper 1933 r. flpnxo4u ra uaSrnra 3anoqBar
qa HocflT xa3apTbT v Ka3t4Hara, nefanr3rpaHil B ulaTa
Hesana. MaQunra ce npeMecrBa r ?I
Xoryanp il cBera Ha Luoy6usueca,
npeBpbu.lailKn ce B cilnaTa, KoRTo
q-bpna KoHqrlre e npo$curoture
,,Tr,rrZucrtpc" n,,lonruoprvreH'i
KanoHe npegnoqrra noKa3Hocrra
Ha raHrcrep. MaQrorure o6ave
npeAnoqilrar 4a ce cnoraitaar m
4a re 6unr Ha oLlr4.
B 6aHgrare cbqecrByea eErH
eneMeHT, xofiro cnegea uaHu-
epHre Ha Kanone. TorZ Hanprrr-
r'rep o6rauarlHo AaBa noAKynil Ha
AbpxaBHil cnyx.nTenvi, a npileM-
HL4qhre My cne4Bar ro3t/ HeroB noqilH. Toea AoBex[a
4O 3acilnBaHe il yKpenBaHe Ha Bpb3Kilre MexAy
6aHgurure u ynpaBneH,4ero, Koero ule ilM AoKapa
HenpnflTHocTl4 Ha eAnH no-KbceH eTan.
floAseNrH[qr cBqr r{ rrpaBl{Ter'rcrBoro
[lpuemnux ua KanoHe e gilxaro craBa aMepnKaHe-
r-lbr c-bc c14rliln tAaHcKllnpontxo4 Cau,{xaHxana. llper
anprn 1961 r. nonyvaea von6a or IIPY (L{eHrparHoro
pa3y3Ha Baren Ho ynpaBneHile Ha CAI!) ga y6ve xy6u-
n e qa Ora4en Kacrpo. 3a ro eop-ur :a y6rrr rrrcrBo n perbp-
nFBa npoBan. lzlHqu4eurrr pa3Kpl,4Ba rafiHara Bpb3Ka
MexAy npaBilTencrBoro il MaQilflTa il nocraBn Haqa-
noro Ha p-un6orr npol4Bopequfi.
Pexru-u1, npeguecrBaul ro3r Ha Kacrpo. no4-
Abpxa 4o6pra e:avrrrloorHouleHhF c ua$unra, uo
Tfl T-bpnil 3HaqilTefiHil nry6vt or 3arBapflHero Ha
Ka3ilHara e XaeaHa cne4 ilnBaHero My Ha Bnacr.
Peaxqrnra na ma$ranra e 3aroBop ra y6uricreoro na
ry6uucnta flilAep il o6seseaHe Ha HarpaAa 3a rna-
Bara My. LIPY ra6ennsea roBa. CuLqecreyea reopnff,
cnope4 roaro uaQnnra He Bb3HaMepnea ga y6ue
HailcrilHa Kacrpo, a no-cKopo il3non3Ba 3aroBopa 3a
y6wilcteo Karo npr4MaMKa 3a npeBpbu.laHero na l-.[PY
B cBorl c-bro3Hl,4K, or eAHa crpaHa, il Aa Abpxl4 06P Ha
pa3croflHile, or Apyra crpaHa.
llpr ocHoeaeaHero cu npe3 1 908 r.05P usMa rofleMil
npaBoMorlI4fl. Ho xoraro npez 1924 r. HeilH AupeKrop
craBa Ix. E4rap Xyeup, rfl ce Mo4epHil3r4pa, pa3un-
pnea o6xaara Ha cBoflTa AefiHocr m npngo6uea rHavu-
renHa Bnacr. Xye'up crrra go xparZHocrr, onuceahrn
Bpar Ha HapoAa il exrpqearZxil noee-
rrlaQrzrnra Karo
qero or qlreHoBere it a cneqraneu cnilcbK 3a ulareflHo
ua6no4eHne. Ho 4o crporure orpaHilqr4rerHh MepKu,
HanoxeHu Ha Ma$uflra npe: 1957 r.,06P ue npil3HaBa
eceo6xearHocrra ri e HaqmoHaneH uaqa6.
llo-xucHo OEP ce onilrBa 4a par6epe AeficrBr4-
reflHoro cbcroflHile Ha Heulara B Ma$ilFTa qpe3 nog-
cnyuBaHe tA EpynA no4o6Hil MeroAr4. llpe: 1962
r. 6an4urur lxoyreQ Banaqm HapyuaBa o6era cyr
^ Cav,lxasxasa - 6oct1 ynpaeraaaul
LlilKaro oKono 1 960 r.
3a MbnqaHile il
noBAilra 3aBecaTa ta AefiHocrra Ha
naQurnra orB-brpe. Vlzcnyweauvrara e KoHrpeca no
BpeMe Ha pa3KpLrTt4FTa Ce il3nbqBaT no Bcr4LtKil TeIe-
BtA3vwt B HaqiloHaneH e$rap no HapexAaHe na lxon
O. KeHe4ra. llo4po6nocrrrrre 3a ilcrfiHcKara c'bt{Hocr
Ha ma$mnra uoKilpar o6u{ecrBoro, xoraro uair-na-
Kpafl Br4xgar 6nn cesr.
l1o epeue Ha npe3ilAeHrcKr4fl MaHAar Ha ,{xoH O.
KeHe4u no-MarKllFr rvry 6par Po6r'pr e Ha3HaqeH Ha
nocra TraBeH npoKypop. Tofi ualara crpot KoHTpol
etpxy rvraSrann. lAz6yxea o6aqe cKaHAan;a nto6oe-
Hilqara, KoFTo cr4 gennr flxon 0. KeHegr,r tA \ttKar-
cKilFr noA3eMeH 6oc Cam ,QxaHxana. Cnope4 egna
or nonynnpHfire reopytr4 y6nhcreoro Ha ,{xoH 0.
Kenegu ra 22 noevrepu 1963 r. e pe3ynrar or 3aro-
Bopa Ha uaQrnra Aa Heyrpanil3rapa Po6tpr Keue4ra
r Cqena or onnua or 1 932 r "Scarface"
(6enfl3aHfirr), c pexncuop Xaytpq Xoxc.
y6veaitxu HeroBilfl 6par - npeaugeHra.
14HAilpeKTHo,
PeAoM Ao "Little Caesar" (Manxrnr l-le:ap) cranrenHure nogpo6Hocrr4 ocraBar Heil3BecrHu,
fl efi
n "Public Enemy" (O6qecraeH epar), roaa e Ho e Qaxl qe no-KbcHo Po6tpr KeHe4ra ce orKa3Ba
eAHa or rpure xuHoreop6u B raHrcrepcKt4n
xaHp, eKpaHfi3ilpau]ff xMBora na Kanose. Aa pa3BilBa KaKBaro u ga e gerZHocr, HacoqeHa cpeuly
raHrcrepilre. llo oHoea BpeMe Bpb3Kt4Te MexAy noA-
) 6ponuparunr
aerol,to6rln na Kanose
no BpeMeTo, KoraTo ro
ocTaB9/ 3a Aa oTilAe B
:arsopa. Cre4 xato ce
l,3non3Ba MHOTOKpaTHO
npI cHrMKn Ha
KpffMilHaneTa,
npeMnHaBa B LtacTHr
pt,qe go npo4ax6ara
cil Ha Tbpr npe3
cenreMBpI I 989 r.
Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 ( [xoy:e$ Baravu pa:xa:aa
npeg OEP:a ilcrfiHcKoro
nonoxeHre etrpe a uaSurra
Ha 8 oKroMBpfr I 963 r.
llpil3HaHfl sra My 3anoqBar
oule npeAHaTa ToAilHa, Ho 3a
Aa ocraHe B 6e3onacHocl e
orKbcHar or cBorte 6nvtxn
r no3HaTil, a oxpaHara My e
3achneHa. CKopo cneA ToBa
npaBfl fl cBorTe pa3KpilrilF.

) Cqeua or Qrnma ua
KyeHTilH TapaHTilHo
"Reservoir Dogs" (TnyrHilqa
Kyqera). OnnMbr Pa3Ka3Ba
rcropflflTa Ha uecr Mtxe,
xorro u:atpuar o6rp
Ha 6flxyrepileH Mara3ilH.
Cqennre ra Hacflflile B
KilHorBop6ara nopaxAar
pa3ropeuleHa nofl eMilKa.

3eMHilfl CBflr V nOnVrWKaTa BCe OUle Ca 06rbpHaTil B Bop6a, pa3KpilBaula enoxara Ha //raHrcrepcKl,4fl pa3-
MilCTepilfi. LlBer'; craBa "The Godfather" (Kpi,crHriK'br) or 1972
r. OilnMvr Karo "The Untouchables" (Hegoceraeunre'
Eeo,rrcqusra Ha raHr-crepcxl{fl }KaHp B ot 1987 r., "Reservoir Dogs" (lnyrHralla KyLlera) Ha

KI{HOTO KyeuruH TapaHruHo or 'l 991 r. rzi "Road to Perdition'

(fl'ur xr'vr 3ary6ara) or 2002 r., KaKro vt oule MHoro
Paeqeer-ur Ha 6aHAilTe r MaOt4Fra HaMt4pa cBofi
fl3pa3 B raHrcrepcKrlTe onnMri. crlrn-ur B MoAara, Apyfl/ tA3nv3ar Ha eKpaH B no-HoBo BpeMe, noAAbp-
xairKn nnaMbLreTo Ha ilHTepeca KbM To3H xaHp.
HanoxeH oT KanoHe - uanKara "bopcanrzuo'i nypara
Or enaperer Ha LluKarcKilfl noE3eMeH cBFr A,'t
t4 - He OCTaBar He3a6enfl3aHr OT
KOCTTOM
Kanore ce npeBp-bula B ocHoBHo AeficrBaqo rilqe
'lbcKaBilflT
Xonrzrayg, Kb4ero 3anoLrBarAa ce cHilMar HoBt4 QilnMil
BbB 0r1nMr4 r/ poMaHil. t{oaex4 Koilro e eAHoBpe-
c HoB yp6aHrcTilqeH AeKop, KopeHHo pa3flL4qeH oT
MeHHO l,4MnepaTOp Ha npecrbnneHileTo t4 nonynflpeH
Til nr{qH nTe AoToraBa yecTbpH14. laHrcrepcxrnr xaH p
repofi, e eAHa or Hafi-6necrnulilre oilrypvt Ha XX B,
B KI4HOTO AOCTmra CBOF B-b3XOA npe3 30-Te :OAV|HVI
^ AueprxaHcrrsr OilnMoB pexilcbop il Hacrnrero, xecroKocrra il HeroBilTe Maut4Haqilr My
Ha MilHarrF BeK C oilnMilTe, eKpaHil3upaulvr xl4BoTa
aKTbop KyeHTilH TapaHTrHo e poAeH npe3 no3BonFBaT Aa ce r/3AilrHe Ao BbpxoBeTe Ha noA3eM-
Ha KanoHe, Karo "Scarface" (DerngaHilnr) ot 1932 r., 1 963 r
I/3BecreH e c Srnmrre cu'lackie
HL4fl CBflT/ HO Heanor!ilTaHCKilffT My CTiln/ pa3nMqeH oT
"Public Enemy" (O6r:1ecraeH Bpar) or 1931 r. il "Little Brown" (AxaKfl bpayH),"Kill Bill"(Y6rfi 6ur)
m "Pulp Fiction" (Kpruusare), xoiro neqerr ro3il Ha ctAMnvaH\vt-|e, e 3HaK 3a roBa, Lle MaoilFTa
Caesar" (Manrrzrnr !e:ap) or cbulara roAilHa. HarpaAara,,3narHa narua" or $rluoarn HFMa Aa rO Bb3npileMe KaTO CBOfi HaqilH Ha AerlCT-
llpea 60-re vt7l-re roAnHV npeAcraBurenHa KriHor- $ecrraan a Kau.
Bile. Totl o6a,re cil ocraBa eAilHcrBeH no poAa cL1

flac Berac (u1ara Heaaga), K-bAero noroKbr or raHrcTep il Bcenpfi3HaTa 3Be3Aa Ha noA3eMHrR CBFT.
xopa, o6oNaeaulu xa3apra, HrKora He cnflpa.
la t;e]fli!u.I.A pexnM" Ka3nHara ce
:8. Hdil-rOn€MilF lr3TOqHi4K Ha AoXoAil

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Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou
 A'I KANOHE

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