Repuica tion oF DNA [t) - DNA replication is the proces by which DNA maker a Copy of itself during Gull Division . “Watson and Crick model of DNA explains that complementary Nalince of wo strands of DNA (a=t, Gee) play a maser wole in weplication L Three theortes were obtained Initially te explain Replictlien 1. CONSERVATIVE 2. DISPERSIVE 3. SEmi- CONSERVATIVE] $f y Parent. ten Replication Parent ioe lig taal replicated « jatthew Meselson aed Fava i Stahl Conducted Eyperimert ped te prove the Semi- Conservative Replication of DNA- In this experiment E.coli were witially grown in a Medium Containing Dymmoniure Sake wilh heavy Nitnogen (8x) D Eul pna—all of the DNA of € cali was Heo because the Cells has taken up heavy aa Nitnogen ('°N) later after centrifugation , the heavy and lighter P Cals were seperated « Dil the DNA was heavy - (almost all bia) ot wa é anticles of the. Light Call Divisions : E.coli grown in Lighin. Nibegen- Cn)Band cyverved = tight Provin Half Heauy [Half Light ~ Seri crac - Replication | expercimentally demonstrated the Sem'-Contervahu, Fansl Second aan Gh pison Cell DER. -Messelson and Stahl | DND REPLICATION & the procen by which DP makes & CePy of | ikselp during call Divisinepaicnnon gUABRNOTES. STEP A: The fast Step i» DNA Replication is to Seperate the two | Strands of the double hel\ ghretu of DNA- Step: Yexicase: the Seperalin of atrands / Unsipping Strand s is done by Helicase engy me which breaks the Hydrogen Bonds between the cornplementany Bose pairs (A=T, Gz) sreps. Sse : (Smale sTRAND BINDS Protein) The Seperated | etrands ane inhibited from reanneoling by $88 pretin | which binds to both the Stronds | ISTEP: PRIMASE + Helps in the Synthesis of Short Seqpences q ch helps ip DNA Chain QNA primers (<1S Nudlestides) wh elongation. STEPS; REPLICATION FORK + The Seperation of too single shands 0} DNA Creates “Y” Shaped Gtrocture Called Replication Fork . the two Seperated atnands will act 4 Templale jer the | syrtiesis of news strands STEPG: LEADING STRAND & LAGGING STRAND: One LEADING STRAND 6 ee Leading @trand: the Strand Oren i Bt06! diredion. Lagging strand: the other strand Oriented in 6! to 3) direction.i | a] __e- Single Cell Binding Protein Strand Helicase enzyme | sl " hagaing DNA Polymerase. Strand. 5 | Rerueation CONTINUES . | 5 ; | 3 TU 5! Coilin tous strand s| 4 1 Okazani fed foyrat U © Ee PRotEIns AND _ENZymeg — PL 0, | EE PND END: A. YMES DNA RE, LICATION Ue Sree PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES “Dna “A’ profein DNA A’ profein | licase | 2| Helicase ( Dna’) 2. Yelicos 3. S8SBs | 3| $8Bs | ; 4. DwA Topritomerase or | 41 DNA Topoisomerase or Gyrase Gayrase | | | | :O Recognises the Ori Site_ Onigin of Replication sié | in DNA @ rrp required © Binds to Ori site helping in ‘y" bord breakage hence ATP seppired v DNA “8 /WeLicAse :OUnwinds the double helix in Opposite divedion @breoks the “i bonds (A=1, GSC). forming the Templates . Seperated Strands - (© proteds ge DNA from Nuclease Degradation Dua ToPOsOmERASE-I : © Hurthur to the Replicdlion Fork (i & bound) [ONG 110 Fale einer rey © Relieves torsional gkvess or Super coils Stren ELONGATION | Primase TE PROKARYOTES EVEARYOTES \ Primase Dun Polymerase 7, i, @. 2-DNA Palymerare alpha & Delt DNA ligase 3. DNA tigaseFunctions : (z] PaImAse + Synthesize RNA Primer. Primer provides “fice aoe] fox polymerase activity. 2) DNA PoLrmeRnse Eongalion Of Be strand, adds Complementary nucleotides to fre oH end of the etand Rokeryols Dwg polymere if ~ for bath leading and lagging DNA polymerase Activity: dhion (polymerase Activity ) strands . bo g-8- chong a dest eyonvclemse (proef, Reading) | 3. sl-al- exonuclease (Repair Adavity) - Evkanyolts 1 DNA Polymenane -§- Leading strand DNA Polymerare- & - Lagging ghend: | DNB Polymerase nuwily | Primers DNA Polymevael DNA-Pol-c0 - gnitiates Replicalon and Synthenige oa DNA-pol -B- Replicatiso with Low Fidality - helps in Pepa Pimer | = polymerigerin ( Mitochondviad) bial merase Adivity- | 3| DNA-pol vt Jowa-pol &- Elongation — poly yeading & filling Gap. of DHA Strands by Caps & Nich Ligated) > 51 Dnp-pol- E- prof Phospho diester 3-|DNA apse + a the, fering | . - fond formalion- Regrives ATP. GL_TERMWNATION - Prokan soles aul a ter called }Each Replica? leads to loss of DNA: to avoid Cont. repetitive Seq Telemeres are synthesised by Bt Telomerase + | Tus Protein No Telomerare, Terrninalicn si sey Sites ane prevent ae -|Topoisornerare Unlocks dovghten & Porent DNA~ -|Tos protein binds to tes sites forms hair pin loops & terminates Replica” |