Lesson Book JOHN

Welcome to Bible Study Fellowship! We are glad you have chosen to study with us this year.
At BSF we exist to magnify God and mature His people through in-depth Bible study.
As you encounter God through His Word in BSF, we pray you grow to know and love Him
more deeply, trust Him more fully, and reflect His Son, Jesus Christ, more clearly.
Each week as you engage with God’s Word personally and in community, we invite you
to draw on BSF’s distinct four-fold approach to in-depth Bible study, which incorporates
the following:
1. Questions for Personal Study
Each week’s lesson includes questions rooted in a weekly Bible passage,

intended for personal daily study and designed to help you understand God’s
Word and develop a heart connection with God. This book contains the lesson
questions and lays the groundwork for meaningful small group discussion.
2. Small Group Discussion
Each week’s BSF gathering includes a small group discussion centered on the
weekly Bible passage.
3. Lecture
Each week’s study includes teaching on the weekly Bible passage developed and
delivered by a BSF-trained Bible teacher. Note-taking pages are provided to use
as you listen.
4. Lesson Notes
This lesson book contains a written explanation of the weekly Bible passage
developed by BSF staff in collaboration with our trusted network of theologians.
If you have come across this lesson book and are not yet a member of BSF, we
welcome you to explore BSF class and online group options through our website at
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formats for notes and questions as well as lessons and lectures for download.
May the Lord bless you and keep you this year as you study His Word through Bible
Study Fellowship.
© BSF 1960-2023 (This material may be downloaded from mybsf.org and used by BSF class members in connection with their personal BSF class studies.
It may not be otherwise reproduced without BSF’s written permission.) All Scripture quotations, in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW
INTERNATIONAL VERSION® NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
“All Scripture Is God-Breathed”
Each time you read your Bible, you are reading God’s inspired, inerrant, infallible Word
(2 Timothy 3:16). Time spent with your BSF lesson is an opportunity to grow in your relationship
with God and apply His truths to your life. Intentionally and prayerfully surrender yourself to God
and His truth by faith. Ask others to pray for you and with you that you will draw nearer to Him
and be transformed. As you apply God’s Word by faith, the person God created you to become
will be revealed. You will see and love the world and people around you in His way. You will
magnify God and mature in your loving commitment to Him and your compassion for people.
Studying the Bible with BSF

The purpose of Bible study is to spend time with God and in community to know Him better, to
grow in Christlikeness, and to make Him more fully known. Studying God’s Word in BSF follows
two main principles which, when properly understood and applied, will transform your time in
God’s Word.
Context Is Key
A key to in-depth Bible study is to know the context of the verses you read. Without this, you
risk misunderstanding and misapplying the intended meaning of the text. Before you come to
class, it may be helpful to:
● Read or listen to the week’s entire passage at least once or twice.
● Examine what comes before and after it.
● Consider the original audience to whom it was written and the author’s purpose
for writing.
The daily study questions will help you identify the facts of the passage, make important
connections to other parts of Scripture, and equip you to reflect on the central truths in the
text. Your group discussions, class lectures, and lesson notes will provide invaluable historical,
literary, and cultural context that will deepen your understanding of the passage.
Scripture Interprets Scripture

What God’s Word says it means matters more than what we think or feel it means. God’s
revelation in Scripture is coherent, cohesive, and consistent. To understand the intended
meaning of a passage and avoid personal bias in how we approach the text, we use other
Scripture references to help us understand and interpret Scripture faithfully. The cross-
references in your Bible and footnotes in the lesson notes will help you understand how the
passage you are reading fits into the whole narrative of Scripture.
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Contents
Introduction Lesson – The Gospel of John .........................................1
Lesson 1 – John’s Prologue ...............................................................11
Lesson 2 – John the Baptist’s Witness and the First Disciples....... 25
Lesson 3 – Water to Wine and Temple Cleansing ............................39
Lesson 4 – Jesus, Nicodemus, and John the Baptist ......................53
Lesson 5 – Jesus’s Witness in Samaria ............................................67
Lesson 6 – Jesus’s Journey from Samaria to Galilee.......................81
Lesson 7 – A Sabbath Healing............................................................95
Lesson 8 – Two Signs at the Sea of Galilee.................................... 109
Lesson 9 – Jesus: The Bread of Life, Part 1................................... 123
Lesson 10 – Jesus: The Bread of Life, Part 2................................. 137
Lesson 11 – Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles............................. 151
Lesson 12 – Jesus: The Light of the World..................................... 165
Lesson 13 – Jesus and the Man Born Blind................................... 179
Lesson 14 – Jesus: The Good Shepherd........................................ 193
Lesson 15 – The Raising of Lazarus............................................... 207
Lesson 16 – Jesus’s Anointing and Arrival in Jerusalem.............. 221
Lesson 17 – Jesus Washes His Disciples’ Feet............................. 235
Lesson 18 – Jesus Announces His Departure and Return............ 249
Lesson 19 – Jesus Promises the Holy Spirit.................................. 263
Lesson 20 – Union with Christ......................................................... 277
Lesson 21 – The Holy Spirit’s Ministry............................................ 291
Lesson 22 – Jesus’s Intimate Prayer to His Father........................ 305
Lesson 23 – Jesus’s Arrest and Jewish Trials................................ 319
Lesson 24 – From Pilate to the Cross............................................. 333
Lesson 25 – The Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.................................. 347
Lesson 26 – The Burial of Jesus Christ.......................................... 361
Lesson 27 – Jesus’s Resurrection................................................... 375
Lesson 28 – John’s Epilogue........................................................... 389
Lesson 29 – Reflecting on John’s Gospel: The Truth..................... 403
Lesson 30 – Personal Reflections on This Year’s Study................ 417
OVERVIEW OF JOHN
The Gospel JOHN
of John INTRODUCTION
LESSON
Lecture Notes
Next step: Read the lesson notes.

© BSF 1960-2023 (This material may be downloaded from mybsf.org and used by BSF class members in connection
Introduction Lesson | 1
with their personal BSF class studies. It may not be otherwise reproduced without BSF’s written permission.)
Introduction Lesson Notes
Overview of John
Focus Verse
“Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded
in this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son
of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.” (John 20:30-31)
Outline
● The Authority of John’s Gospel
● The Purpose of John’s Gospel
● The Structure of John’s Gospel
Engage
Throughout history, people have searched for sufficient words to describe and celebrate
love. Beautiful poetry and love songs attempt to capture glorious feelings and express
devotion. If human love stretches our imagination, how could we ever adequately speak
about how God loves us? Centuries ago, a disciple of Jesus named John did just that.
John personally experienced Jesus’s love in deeply powerful ways. With years to think
about his time with Jesus, John penned words about the Savior he loved so we would
love Jesus too. He wrote what the Holy Spirit led him to remember and what God helped
him understand. At the end of his chronicle, John confessed that all the books in the world
could not capture the wonder of Jesus. Such treasures transcend human language.
No other writer reveals Jesus as intimately as John. He pulls back the curtain to share both
tender and powerful moments. John recorded not only what Jesus said, but also helps us
understand what Jesus meant. He did not write just so we would know about Jesus but
called us to believe in Him and experience the fullness of life He offers.1 As we embark
on our study of John’s Gospel, prepare to embrace the wonder of who Jesus is, what He
has done, and how He loves. John calls people to believe and find life in Jesus, God’s
Son. Whether you are merely curious about Jesus or deeply committed to Him, this book
promises great adventures and amazing truth. Receive the words of this book as God’s gift
to you, His beloved.
1. Fullness of life: John 10:10
The early Church proclaimed the hope-filled truth about Jesus, who came to earth, died for our
sins, and rose again so we might stand in God’s presence. Gospel means “good news”—and
glorious news it is! The gospel is God’s life-changing power that brings salvation and eternal
life to all who believe in His Son.
2 | Introduction Lesson
The Authority of John’s Gospel
The Four Gospels

Jesus appointed the apostles as His witnesses and guardians of the truth.1 Through the Holy
Spirit’s power, the apostles preached, remembered details of Jesus’s ministry, and wrote
with God’s authority.2 The Church grew, and four accounts circulated among believers. The
Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John were known and treasured before the
calendar year AD 100. In the second and third centuries, church leaders recognized the need
to identify truly authoritative books. Only books with unquestioned validity—written or
approved by the apostles and in agreement with the whole of Scripture—were received by the
Church as God’s Word. The four Gospels stand as a confirmed declaration of Jesus’s work on
earth and God’s eternal truth. While there is one essential gospel, we have four authoritative
accounts to treasure.3
Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels. The word synoptic comes from the
Greek language and means “viewed together.” Written at roughly the same time, these three
Gospels contain much common material, though presented from different perspectives. John’s
Gospel stands apart from the others. Written about 20 to 30 years later (AD 80-100), John’s
Gospel is often referred to as the “spiritual,” “supplementary,” or “complementary” Gospel, as
it offers a unique perspective on Jesus and His mission. The Synoptics tell Jesus’s story from
the “earth up,” as people realize who Jesus is. John tells Jesus’s story from “heaven down,”
telling us who Jesus is in his very first verse. Archaeological discoveries of verified ancient
manuscripts of John’s Gospel indicate a sufficiently early date for authorship by a living
eyewitness. John brings theological insight likely gained through years of contemplating the
rich meaning behind Jesus’s words and actions.
Like four artists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John produced four similar but unique portraits of
Jesus. Each book presents a dramatic portrayal of Christ. While the beauty of the Lord Jesus
cannot be adequately described, the four Gospels combine to offer a rich picture of God’s Son.
The Apostle John

Though the author of this Gospel does not expressly mention his name, internal evidence
throughout the book clearly points to the apostle John. The intentionally anonymous author
referred to himself as “the disciple whom Jesus loved.” This phrase indicates not pride,
but rather humility and wonder at the depth of Jesus’s personal love. Eyewitness details,
geographical accuracy, and a deep infusion of wisdom drawn from his intimate relationship
with Jesus validate John’s authorship—a fact well-established in the early Church.
John and his brother James were Peter’s partners in the fishing trade along the Sea of
Galilee.4 The brothers, sons of Zebedee, left their business to follow Jesus.5 John’s mother,
a committed believer often identified as Mary or Salome, is known for her request that her
1. Apostles: Matthew 16:17-19; 28:19-20; John 15:16, 26-27; Ephesians 2:19-21

2. Apostles’ authority: John 14:26; 16:12-15; 2 Timothy 3:16
3. The gospel: Romans 1:16-17; 4:24-25; 1 Corinthians 15:3-4
4. Fishermen: Luke 5:7-10
5. James and John: Matthew 4:21; 10:2; 26:37
Bible Study Fellowship | 3

two sons be granted seats on Jesus’s right and left in His kingdom.6 Jesus called John and
his brother James the “sons of thunder,” perhaps because of their fiery and strong-willed
personalities.7 The Lord marks a unique path for each of His children. Among His disciples,
Jesus entrusted John, Peter, and James with greater responsibility and opportunities.8
John’s other New Testament writings include 1, 2, and 3 John as well as Revelation. The Bible
is silent on how John left Jerusalem. Church tradition says that John ministered for years in
and around Ephesus. Revelation 1 finds the elderly John exiled on the Aegean island of Patmos,
probably under the persecution of Roman Emperor Domitian (AD 81-96).9 John’s long life of
commitment and service to the Lord allowed him time to process all he experienced. John’s
writings reveal that Jesus’s friendship transformed the youthful “son of thunder” into an apostle
of love.10
Through the Holy The Unique Perspective of John’s Gospel

Spirit’s power, God Through the Holy Spirit’s power, God powerfully uses people who love Jesus
powerfully uses passionately and follow Him earnestly. John’s words reflect a depth of maturity
people who love and wisdom that causes critics to question authorship by an uneducated
Jesus passionately fisherman. Inspired, empowered, and instructed by the Holy Spirit, John
and follow Him explains not just what Jesus did, but why He did it. He offers information
earnestly. alongside explanations of the deeper intent behind Jesus’s words and actions.
John wanted his readers to know, love, and believe in Jesus.
John’s writings differ in style and content from the other three Gospels. About 90% of the
material recorded in John is unique to this book. He omitted details the other Gospel writers
included and wrote about events and teachings they did not record. John’s literary style stands
apart as well. John masterfully used simple words such as “light “and “life” to capture profound
eternal truths. His metaphors and symbols add incredible depth and meaning. John often used
dualism—deliberate contrasts such as “light and darkness,” “life and death,” and “faith and
unbelief.” John also uniquely emphasized Jesus’s dialogues and revelation of truth to individuals.
In many ways, John’s Gospel expands and deepens the truth within the other three Gospels.
The Purpose of John’s Gospel
John’s Clearly Stated Aim

We need not doubt John’s aim in writing his Gospel. John had one purpose in mind with
everything he wrote. John 20:30-31 reveals his objective for his readers: “Jesus performed many
other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book. But these are
written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing
you may have life in his name. [emphasis added]” This unifying purpose threads masterfully
throughout the entire book.
6. John’s mother: Matthew 20:20-21; 27:56; Mark 15:40

7. Sons of thunder: Mark 3:17; 9:38; 10:35-37; Luke 9:54
8. Jesus’s inner circle: Matthew 17:1-13; 26:36-46; Luke 8:49-56; 22:8
9. John on Patmos: Revelation 1:9
10. Transformed by Jesus: John 15:15
God’s Written Revelation
The Doctrine of the Bible
The Bible stands apart from all human literature. The accuracy, divine authority, and power
of the Scriptures remain constant, despite opposition. Inspired by the Holy Spirit, more
than 40 human authors recorded God’s revelation of Himself to humanity.1 The eternal God
speaks to the people He created in words they can read, hear, and understand. The Bible
reveals the heart and mind of God Himself. Because God cannot lie,2 the Bible, in its original
manuscripts, speaks only truth. As flawed humans, any challenges we sense in reading
God’s Word reveal our limited human understanding. The Bible has stood the test of time
and can be trusted.
The Bible tells one grand story of God’s redemption of humankind and His plan for
eternity. Beyond recounting important facts and history, God’s Word offers truth about
God, humanity, and the world. We can build our lives upon this steady foundation. The
Bible contains two main sections—the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old
Testament records the creation of the world, humanity’s fall into sin, God’s work through His
chosen nation of Israel, and His promise of redemption. The New Testament starts with the
arrival of God’s promised Deliverer—His own Son, Jesus—who came to die as a substitute
for human sin and restore what sin had damaged. John wrote his Gospel to clearly reveal
Jesus as humanity’s Redeemer. We approach this great book with humility and expectancy
that God will speak timeless yet timely truth into our hearts and lives.
Without the Bible as our anchor, we live through the ups and downs of life without God’s
eternal perspective. When we depend on the fluctuating tide of human opinion, our lives
rest on shifting sand; our deepest yearnings and most earnest questions land on this
world’s limited sources for answers. If we see the Bible as an ancient and outdated book,
we miss God’s current work and eternal plan. By refusing to read the Bible or ignoring its
truth, we overlook the gracious and loving lifeline God has extended.
God’s words carry more weight than the flood of printed and pronounced words we hear
and read every day. The Holy Spirit gives perspective on life to and through the words of
the Bible. We read Scripture, but in many ways Scripture reads us. Through the Bible, the
Holy Spirit reveals our sin and offers certain hope. The teaching of Scripture leads us to
God and prepares us for eternity. As we study the Gospel of John this year, God intends
much more than filling our heads with facts. Through every passage and glimpse of
Jesus, God extends an opportunity for wonder and worship. Will you approach this study
with anticipation that the God of eternity will personally reveal His great love for you? The
profound truth in John’s Gospel awaits, whether this book is new or extremely familiar to
you. What will God do this year through His Word?
1. God’s very words: 2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21
2. God cannot lie: Numbers 23:19; 2 Samuel 22:31; Proverbs 30:5; John 17:17

John’s Key Words
Three words found within John’s purpose statement recur throughout his Gospel as deeply
connected threads within his writings.
“Signs”
John called Jesus’s miracles “signs” because he sought to demonstrate Jesus’s identity and
divine authority. John sometimes expanded the meaning of miraculous events to include
Jesus’s corresponding teaching.11 The word “sign” or “signs” occurs almost 20 times in John’s
Gospel. These signs operate like audio-visual displays of Jesus’s authority.
“Believe”
John genuinely desired for unbelievers to become believers. He wanted people to come to
saving faith in Jesus—God’s Son, the promised Messiah and humanity’s Redeemer. The theme
of faith remains so central in John’s book that the word “believe” occurs more than 80 times.
“Life”
John wanted people who were dead in their sin to find life in Jesus. Eternal life describes a
quality of life that begins now, reaches into eternity, and never ends. The words “life” and “live”
appear more than 50 times.
John’s message rings clearly and compellingly. Eternal life comes only through personal belief
in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, whom the signs reveal.12
John’s Primary Themes

John intended for his revelation of Jesus to invite a response. From his opening words to his
concluding thoughts, three interwoven themes emerge:
● The revelation of Jesus—Son of God and Son of Man
● The faith of a small minority who believed the truth13
● The unbelief of the majority, which culminated in final, murderous rejection14
John’s “I Am” Statements

Jesus identifies Himself in John’s Gospel with seven distinct statements that unveil His
deity and redemptive work on behalf of those who believe in Him. Jesus declared in John
8:58, “Before Abraham was born, I am!” This absolute “I am” statement differs in quality from
the seven statements below. Here, Jesus alludes to God’s disclosure of Himself to Moses in
Exodus 3:14—“I am who I am.” With these words, Jesus identified Himself as Yahweh Himself.
Each statement below offers a metaphor rich in spiritual meaning.
● “I am the bread of life.” (John 6:35, 41, 48, 51)
● “I am the light of the world.” (John 8:12)

11. Corresponding teaching: John 6:1-15 with 6:25-59; 9:1-12 with 9:35-41; 11:25-26 with 11:43-44
12. Salvation in Christ: John 3:16-18, 36; 14:6; Acts 4:12; Romans 10:9
13. Faith of the few: John 1:12-13; 20:28-29
14. Unbelief: John 1:9-11
● “I am the gate for the sheep.” (John 10:7, 9)
● “I am the good shepherd.” (John 10:11, 14)
● “I am the resurrection and the life.” (John 11:25)
● “I am the way and the truth and the life.” (John 14:6)
● “I am the true vine.” (John 15:1)
With clarity and purpose, John presented Jesus Christ as God’s Son and our promised Savior.
He called people to believe in Him and find true life. The strength of John’s gracious and
powerful invitation to faith continues to speak today.
The Structure of John’s Gospel

John organized his book with a straightforward structure. He begins with a prologue—power-
packed verses that reveal Christ’s divinity. John ends with an epilogue, closing words admitting
he could never capture all of Christ’s beauty. The content between John’s monumental prologue
and humble epilogue is often most simply divided into two sections. “The Book of Signs”
(1:19–12:50) presents Jesus’s call to belief in Him as Messiah. “The Book of Glory” (13:1–
20:31) includes Jesus’s path toward the His death and resurrection—His path to glory. BSF's
study of John, however, is organized around the more detailed outline below.
The Prologue – 1:1-18

The first verses of John’s Gospel present Jesus in unforgettable words. With magnificent beauty
and remarkable brevity, John’s prologue captures Jesus’s preincarnate existence, participation
in creation, and His incarnation, as well as the human response to God’s Son. Jesus, Son of God
and Son of Man, took on human flesh to bring light and life to people lost in darkness.
Outline of John
To offer more context for our study, we will use the following outline:
I. Prologue: Jesus’s Incarnation and Humanity’s Response – 1:1-18
II. Jesus Revealed – 1:19–17:26
A. To the World – 1:19–12:50
Reception – 1:19–4:54
Rejection – 5:1–12:50
B. To His Own – 13–17
III. Jesus’s Death and Resurrection – 18–20
IV. Epilogue: Jesus’s Commission – 21

Jesus Revealed – 1:19–17:26
To the World – 1:19–12:50
Jesus’s public ministry forms this section of John’s Gospel. John’s threefold theme unfolds
through a series of events and conversations that reveal Jesus’s true identity. Like the other
Gospels, John begins by recounting the witness of John the Baptist who declared Jesus as
the “Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!”15 Jesus called His first disciples16
and offered the first “sign” of His regenerative power by turning water into wine at a wedding
in Cana.17 As Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover, He cleansed the temple in a
powerful display of His authority and disdain for religious hypocrisy.18
Jesus’s ministry became increasingly more public. He continued to shine the light of hope to
hopeless people. Jesus revealed Himself through unexpected dialogues with a Jewish religious
leader named Nicodemus19 and an outcast Samaritan woman.20 His healing miracles and
powerful teaching presented signs confirming His divine origin. Jesus fed 5,000 hungry people
and walked on water. Some came to faith, recognizing Jesus’s unique authority and undeniable
power. As Jesus’s reputation and popularity grew, opposition against Him escalated. When He
raised Lazarus from the dead, Jesus’s enemies plotted His death and made plans to arrest Him.21
To His Own – 13–17

In the hours before the cross, Jesus poured truth and consolation into His disciples as He taught
and prayed for them. He washed His disciples’ feet,22 dismissed His betrayer Judas,23 comforted
the remaining disciples, and prepared them for His departure and return.24 Jesus promised that
the Holy Spirit would come to help them.25 He prepared His followers to expect opposition.26
Jesus knew that His Father would preserve the disciples’ faith and bring them safely through
to share His glory. In a beautiful prayer, Jesus surrendered Himself to death, seeking to bring
glory to His Father through His death.27 Before His final steps to the cross, Jesus offered an
intimate prayer for His disciples and all future believers.28
Jesus’s Death and Resurrection – 18–20

Nowhere in John’s Gospel does Jesus’s glory shine as radiantly as in these chapters. Jesus’s
cross and resurrection reveal who He is, what He has accomplished, and what He will do.
God’s sinless Son was falsely accused, arrested, mistreated, and nailed to a rough wooden
cross. The humiliation of the cross actually disclosed Jesus’s glory as God and King.29 Jesus
15. John’s declaration: John 1:19-34

16. First disciples: John 1:35-51
17. Water to wine: John 2:1-12
18. Cleansing the temple: John 2:13-25
19. Nicodemus: John 3:1-21
20. Samaritan woman: John 4:1-42
21. Lazarus: John 11
22. Disciples’ feet washed: John 13:1-17
23. Judas released: John 13:18-30
24. Comfort for Jesus’s disciples: John 14:1-14
25. Promise of Holy Spirit: John 14:15-31
26. Expected opposition: John 15:1–16:33
27. Prayer for God’s glory: John 17:1-5
28. Jesus’s prayer for His disciples and believers: John 17:6-26
29. Jesus’s glory: John 18:4-6, 36-37
triumphantly finished the work of salvation.30 He rose from the grave proclaiming victory over
sin and death.31 John’s Gospel offers the convincing eyewitness accounts of the risen Christ
that only blinded eyes refuse to believe.
The Epilogue – 21
John’s Gospel ends with two brief snapshots of Jesus’s work in those who trust Him. Through
a miraculously large catch of fish, the risen Jesus appeared to His disciples. Jesus also
reinstated a confused and discouraged Peter who had denied Him. John ends his book by
testifying of the absolute truth of everything he wrote. His words could not fully encompass the
wonder of Jesus, though he tried. John wrote with a deliberate purpose. John calls people to
believe and find life in Jesus, God’s Son.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
John wrote his Gospel with recognized authority as an apostle of the Lord Jesus Christ. He
gained rich perspective through years spent contemplating all that Jesus said and did. John’s
Gospel differs significantly from Matthew, Mark, and Luke in content and perspective. John’s
laser-like purpose permeates the entire book. Above all, John sought to reveal Jesus as
Messiah and call people to believe in Him. From his opening words to final paragraph, John
proclaimed Jesus Christ as the source of light and life for all people.
John’s Gospel begins with his prologue, which exalts Jesus as equal with God yet reveals
how Jesus humbled Himself to enter the world in human flesh. The book presents eyewitness
evidence of Jesus’s power and authority. Some believed in Jesus while others rejected Him, even
to the point of nailing Him to a cruel cross. Jesus invested in His disciples, preparing them to
carry on His message and mission after His departure. John closed his book by acknowledging
Jesus’s uncontainable majesty. John’s accounts and evidence of Jesus’s identity offer an
invitation that transcends time and culture. True to his purpose, John’s book invites people of all
time to place their faith in Jesus, God’s Son and the only source of true and lasting hope.
Apply It
John’s Gospel contains remarkable accounts and riveting words. He carefully and intentionally
recorded scenes and truth to accomplish his stated purpose. However, behind the miraculous
signs and heartfelt testimony stands an ordinary man. John left his fishing nets to follow
Jesus. He encountered love that so shook his Galilean existence that even today we marvel at
what he experienced. John heard what Jesus said and saw Him do incredible things. He wrote
about them with purpose and power. But beyond all the accounts and teaching, John remained
amazed at how Jesus loved him. Divine love that originated in heaven took on human flesh and
walked with John on earth. John recognized who Jesus was and wanted others to experience
30. “It is finished”: John 19:30

31. Jesus’s resurrection: John 20

the transforming love that changed him forever. “The disciple whom Jesus loved” knew Jesus
loved the world. But wonder of wonders—John received that love personally. God so loves
the world! Do you know that this same God loves you intimately? Jesus loves us in a way that
infinitely surpasses the jaded and shallow understanding of love promoted in the world. The
love that defies human description is not a nebulous cosmic force but comes with a personal
invitation to know Jesus and experience His love.
This year affords the opportunity to study this book with a group of people on the same journey
to grow deeper in relationship with Jesus. Verse by verse and chapter by chapter, you have a
chance to process John’s words and learn more about Jesus. How should you receive such
truth? The accounts will be intriguing. The teaching will invite you to ponder rich truth. John’s
symbols and metaphors can take your understanding to new depths. However, John’s purpose
for your study exceeds intellectual stimulation. John shares God’s heart for you to know
Jesus. Truth about God’s Son demands a response. Whether you have never trusted Jesus
for salvation or have walked with Him for decades, God is offering you a chance to grow in
worship and wonder of who Jesus is. Will you approach this book with expectancy? May the
study of John’s Gospel help many believe in Jesus. May all who study with us grow in awe at
the incredible love God shows us through His Son.
The fullness of God’s eternal truth stretches human language and comprehension. As you
study, you will have questions. You may struggle to understand or make sense of what you
read. We all come to the Bible with preconceived ideas, life experiences, and a personal grid
that shapes our understanding. For now, do not puzzle over what confuses you. Instead,
commit to obey what you do understand. Study John’s Gospel with an open heart. Ask the Lord,
by His Holy Spirit, to cause the verses you read to make sense to you. Expect Jesus to show
you the changes He wants to make in your life and how He wants to help you. Nothing about
you or your questions will surprise God. He meets us where we are, just like He did with the
fisherman John. Through His power and infinite love, God takes us where He wants us to go
and shapes us into who He wants us to be. This book about Jesus touches us where we live
today. Will you open your heart to learn about Jesus and respond to Him?
10 | Introduction Lesson All Scripture quotations in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION ® NIV ®
Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
JOHN: LESSON 1
LESSON
John's Prologue SCRIPTURE

JOHN 1:1-18
Lesson Questions
First Day: Read Introduction Notes.
The notes and lecture fortify the truth of the passage for understanding and application to daily life.
1. How did the notes help prepare you to study John’s Gospel? What truth stood out to you?
2. In what ways did the lecture help you understand the significance of John’s Gospel? How
will you apply what you learned?
Second Day: Read John 1:1-5.

John introduces Jesus Christ, the eternal Word.
3. From John 1:1, give three phrases about “the Word” that describe Jesus. Tell why each
phrase is important.
4. How do the following passages help you understand what John 1:3 teaches about Jesus’s
relationship to God, to creation, and to spiritual life and light?
Genesis 1:1
Colossians 1:15-17
Hebrews 1:1-3
Lesson 1 | 11
5. a. Explain what the words “light” and “darkness” mean in John 1:4-5. (See also John
3:19-21; 8:12; 12:46 and 1 John 1:5-6.)
b. What examples of light and darkness do you see in the world today?
Third Day: Read John 1:6-8, 15.

Jesus’s forerunner called all to believe in Jesus, the Light.
Note: These verses refer to John the Baptist, not the apostle John who wrote this Gospel.
6. a. What was the aim and life work of John the Baptist?
b. How would you describe the primary purpose and focus of your life?
7. a. From verse 15, what three phrases did John the Baptist use to describe Jesus and what
does each mean?
b. What significant truth about Jesus was John the Baptist affirming with these words?
Fourth Day: Read John 1:9-13.

Jesus shined God’s true light into the world.
8. a. How did most people respond to their Creator when He came into the world?
12 | Lesson 1
b. Who were Christ’s “own” who did not receive Him? (See also Deuteronomy 7:6; John
19:15; and Romans 3:1-2; 9:4-5.)
c. Give examples of reasons and ways people reject Christ today.
9. According to verse 12, how do people gain the “right” to become God’s children?
10. Put each phrase from verse 13 into your own words. (See also John 3:3-8; 6:63; Romans
1:16; 10:17; Ephesians 2:1-10; and 1 Peter 1:23.)
“born not of natural descent”
“nor of human decision”
“or a husband’s will”
“born of God”
11. How can you know for sure you are God’s child?
Fifth Day: Read John 1:14, 16-18.

Jesus came to earth in the flesh.
12. Read verse 14 carefully and write, phrase by phrase, what John is saying about Jesus and
what each phrase means.

13. John’s personal testimony about Jesus is woven into verses 16-18.
a. What did John acknowledge in verse 16? Say this in your own words.
b. How have you personally experienced God’s inexhaustible grace?
c. Explain each thought below from verses 17-18. Which point speaks to you most
powerfully?
“The law was given through Moses”
“Grace and truth came through Jesus Christ”
God’s “one and only Son, who is himself God … has made him known”
14. What have you learned about God the Father by knowing God the Son?
Sixth Day: Review John 1:1-18.

Jesus Christ is God—the only source of eternal life and light.
15. What truth about Jesus stands out to you in John’s majestic prologue?
No Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, etc.) assigned for Group and Administrative
Leaders this week
Next step: Listen to the lecture.

14 | Lesson 1
Lecture Notes

Lesson 1 Notes
John 1:1-18
Focus Verse
“No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is himself God and is in closest
relationship with the Father, has made him known.” (John 1:18)
Outline
● The Deity of Christ – John 1:1-5
● The Forerunner of Christ – John 1:6-8
● The Reception of Christ – John 1:9-13
● The Incarnation of Christ – John 1:14-18
Engage
What do you do when you have big news to deliver? Do you wait for the right moment
and gently lead up to the big reveal? Or do you burst forth with words you simply cannot
hold back? The Holy Spirit led the apostle John to wait decades before recording what
God taught him about Jesus. Every experience, sign, and expression of love resonated
with John. The truth about Jesus built up within him like water behind a dam. After years
of thinking, evaluating, and listening to God’s voice, John could not wait any longer to tell
us what we most needed to know. When John’s words about Jesus began to flow, they
exploded with passionate, God-breathed force.
John’s Gospel opens with 18 solemn and awe-inspiring verses. Each power-packed phrase
contains infinite truth that can scarcely be housed in human terms. We dive into John’s
book by first lifting our eyes to heaven and back in time. In profound yet simple language,
John exalts Christ and calls us to believe in Him. The glory of Almighty God brilliantly shone
into our world when God’s Son became a man. Jesus Christ is God—the only source of
eternal life and light. May this passage and this book deepen our love for Jesus Christ, the
eternal God who took on human flesh to redeem sinners.
John’s prologue erupts like the incredible overture of a grand symphony. He introduces all
his major themes in breathtaking style. He captures our attention with magnificent language
and astounding truth. Who is Jesus? John tells us in no uncertain terms. From his opening
revelation to the end of his book, John calls us to believe in Jesus.
16 | Lesson 1
The Deity of Christ – John 1:1-5
Jesus Is Eternal God – 1:1

John earnestly wants us to know that Jesus is no mere man. With beautiful artistry, John affirms
Jesus’s deity before he tells us one thing Jesus said or did on earth. In these opening verses, John
did not mention Jesus’s name but referred to Jesus with the Greek word Logos, translated here
as “the Word.” This term occurs four times in these 18 verses—three times in the first verse and
again in verse 14. The word Logos incorporates far more layers of meaning than can be easily
captured in a single word. In ancient Greek mythology, Logos indicated the “First Cause”—an
intelligent, divine, but unknown power behind the universe. In Judaism, God’s “Word” represents
the dynamic power of His will. He speaks and it is done. Psalm 33:6 reads, “By the word of the
Lord the heavens were made, their starry host by the breath of his mouth.” John fittingly used
“the Word” that signified ultimate wisdom to describe the superior glory of God the Son.
“In the Beginning Was the Word” – 1:1a

John opens his Gospel with the same majestic words that launch Genesis 1—“In the beginning.”
John’s revelation of Jesus does not begin with a manger in Bethlehem but in eternity past.
Before the world was created or time began, the Word “was.” This amazingly simple yet utterly
weighty phrase relates Jesus’s eternal pre-existence. God’s Son did not come into being when
He came to earth. Like His Father, Jesus has always existed.
“The Word Was with God” – 1:1b

The truth John reveals about Jesus continues to expand. He exposes the intimate, eternal
relationship between the Son and the Father. “With God” suggests the fellowship of two distinct
eternal persons. This amazing phrase gazes into the mystery of the Trinity—the separate
yet unified Persons within the Godhead. In His preincarnate state, Jesus enjoyed unbroken,
intimate communion with His Father. This fact magnifies the wonder that Jesus left the
splendors of heaven to come to earth and be made in human likeness.1
“The Word Was God” – 1:1c

Before the end of his first verse, John pulls out all the stops to indisputably claim that Jesus
was fully God. John intended every word of his Gospel to be read considering this life-changing
fact. Jesus shares all His Father’s attributes, possessing the same nature or essence. To know
Christ as Savior means believing He is fully God. Jesus’s deeds and words are the very deeds
and words of God Himself—nothing less. Colossians 1:15 declares, “The Son is the image of
the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation.”
Jesus Is Creator God – 1:2-3

Jesus was with God “in the beginning”—a full participant with His Father when all things were
created.2 More than a casual observer, Jesus, the eternal Word, was the agent of creation. With
1. Human likeness: Philippians 2:7

2. Jesus’s partnership in creation: Colossians 1:16; Hebrews 1:2

purposeful clarity, John states this truth both positively and negatively in verse 3: “Through him
all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.” Countless galaxies
in the farthest reaches of the universe, the smallest subatomic particles, and the human body
all reflect creation’s vast intricacies. Christ’s creative wisdom can be seen all around us.3 Jesus
was involved in creating everything that has being. In Jewish thinking, if Jesus was Creator,
then He was shown to be divine.
God’s Son remains so central to creation that even today He sustains all things by His
powerful word. Without Him, everything would fly apart.4 Every electron and every planet
maintain their orbits because of Jesus’s sovereign control. He set the earth on its axis, tilted at
the right angle and distance from the sun to sustain life. Even our individual lives depend on His
sustaining grace.
Jesus Is Life and Light – 1:4-5

Jesus, the Life and Light of all Humanity – 1:4
Humanity’s spiritual and physical life and light flow from Jesus, the eternal Word. These two
key words, life and light, appear throughout John’s Gospel as well as in the epistle of 1 John
and the book of Revelation.
God Himself first breathed life into human beings,5 whom He created in His image.6 In the
Bible, the word “life” refers to not just physical life, but includes moral, intellectual, and
eternal life.
Light describes the whole realm of reality that is dominated by God and known through Christ
Jesus. The concepts of “life” and “light” were linked by Jesus Himself when He promised,
“Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but will have the light of life” (John 8:12b).
God shares the qualities of life and light with those who come to Christ for salvation. Jesus
came to offer people abundant life.7 John uses “light” as a metaphor for regeneration—new life
given by God and lived out in relationship with Him.
Jesus, the Light that Darkness Cannot Extinguish – 1:5

John often teaches truth through contrast. God’s light shines on all humankind and cannot
be overcome by sin’s darkness. Adam and Eve’s choice to distrust and disobey God broke
humanity’s fellowship and union with Him.8 The darkness of sin resulted in spiritual and
physical death.9 From that moment on, all people have walked in spiritual darkness, gripped by
death and the fear of death.10
Throughout all time, God’s light “shines” into the darkness—describing the present continuous
action of Jesus Christ, the Word. The light of God’s glory shining through Christ overcomes
3. Christ’s wisdom in creation: Psalms 8; 139:13-16

4. Jesus, the Sustainer of creation: Colossians 1:17; Hebrews 1:3
5. Breath of life: Genesis 2:7
6. Created in God’s image: Genesis 1:26
7. Abundant life: John 10:10
8. Broken fellowship: Genesis 3
9. Spiritual and physical death: Romans 5:12; 6:23; Ephesians 2:1-3
10. Death’s grip: John 8:24; Hebrews 2:14-15
18 | Lesson 1
The Structure of John’s Prologue
John utilized an intentional structure to organize the monumental truths he communicated
in the prologue. He employed a style known as “chiasm” or inverse parallelism (A-B-C-D-C-
B-A form) as illustrated below.1
A. The Identity and Mission of the Word – 1:1-5
B. The Testimony of John the Baptist to the Word – 1:6-8
C. The Incarnation of the Word – 1:9-10a
D. The Response to the Word – 1:10b-13
C. The Incarnation of the Word – 1:14
B. The Testimony of John the Baptist to the Word – 1:15
A. The Identity and Mission of the Word – 1:16-18

1. Strauss, Mark. Four Portraits, One Jesus: A Survey of Jesus and the Gospels. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan
Academic, 2007, 2020.
darkness.11 The Greek word used here for “overcome” can also mean “understand.” Many see
this as a play on words to communicate that darkness can neither overcome nor comprehend
the light—two important themes in John’s Gospel. God’s victorious light and life prevail. The light
within those who find life in Christ is greater than the darkness around them.12 When believers
shine God’s light into the dark world, they reflect His light, which is set ablaze within them.13
The Forerunner of Christ – John 1:6-8

John shifts his focus from the eternal God to a faithful man God used to point to His Son.
Because the Gospel writer John does not refer to himself by name, we know that the John to
which this verse refers is John the Baptist. God sent John the Baptist to prepare the world for
the incarnate Word, Jesus Christ. This trustworthy servant had one mission—to testify about
the light of Christ so that people would believe in Him. John the Baptist’s ministry was not
about himself; he humbly and consistently exalted Jesus. In the same way, your highest calling
is to point people to Jesus.
John the Baptist remains an important focus throughout the first chapter of John’s Gospel.
John speaks of him again in verse 15 and in verses 19-36—the focus of next week’s lesson.
11. Overcoming spiritual darkness: Matthew 4:16; John 3:19-21; 12:46; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Ephesians 5:8; 1 Peter 2:9; 1 John 1:5-7; 2:8
12. Light overcomes darkness: 1 John 4:4
13. Shining lights for God: Matthew 5:14-16

Jesus Christ—Son of God and Son of Man
The Doctrine of God the Son
Jesus Christ is God’s Son—the second Person of the eternal, divine Trinity. As John’s
prologue affirms, Jesus, the eternal Word, is fully God and has always existed. From eternity
past, God the Son enjoyed complete union and communion with His Father. At the point
in time God determined, He sent His Son into the world to redeem humanity from their
sinful state. Jesus humbled Himself and came to earth as an obedient servant—dying on
a cross to save sinners. Because Jesus is fully divine, He could offer the perfect sacrifice
God required and bear sin’s penalty for an infinite number of people. God has given Jesus a
name above every name and promises that every knee will one day bow before His Son.1
Jesus will return to earth to take His people to glory and bring final judgment to the world.2
To many people, Jesus Christ is a familiar name perceived to wield little impact on their
daily lives. Some are comfortable with the idea of “God” but shrink away from the message
and mission of His Son, Jesus. Failure to recognize Jesus as God means forfeiting the
greatest gift offered to humanity. There is no true and lasting hope to be found without
receiving the gift of salvation Jesus came to provide. The truth about Jesus cannot be
avoided forever. One day every tongue will confess who Jesus is—even those who deny or
ignore Him now.
Life changes forever when you understand who Jesus is and how deeply He loves you.
Worship flows when you recognize that Jesus left heaven’s glories, not for a faceless
humanity—He did this for you.3 John’s awestruck words about Jesus resonate deeply, not
merely as lofty truth, but as a transforming reality rising from eternity past to change your
present and future. Your response to Jesus matters. One day you will join every human ever
born in offering Jesus the adoration He rightfully deserves. In humility and gratitude, you
assume heaven’s posture now, adoring Christ and seeking to honor Him in this life. Jesus,
God’s own Son, died for you. Human words cannot fully express that wonder. Serving and
following Jesus becomes your greatest joy and privilege.
1. Jesus humbled and exalted: Philippians 2:5-11
2. Coming glory and judgment: Matthew 16:27; 26:64; Acts 1:10-11; 1 Thessalonians 4:13-5:11; Titus 2:11-14
3. Jesus’s humble sacrifice: Philippians 2:5-11
The Reception of Christ – John 1:9-13
The True Light Shines – 1:9

The infinite Son of God entered our world in human flesh. “The true light that gives light
to everyone was coming into the world.” This verse presents the amazing truth of Jesus’s
incarnation. Jesus became a man to bring the only source of true light into a dark world.
20 | Lesson 1
Christ Rejected – 1:10-11
The Creator Was Unrecognized – 1:10
This verse presents a rather astonishing fact. The Creator entered the world He made, and the
people He created did not recognize Him! Almost 80 times in his Gospel, John uses the term
“world” to indicate the sphere of human life in which people choose to live apart from God.
Those who refuse to believe in Jesus Christ prove they love darkness rather than light because
their deeds are evil.14 Whether through conscious rebellion or unconscious repression of truth,
ignoring or rejecting Jesus brings serious consequences.15
Jesus was Rejected by His Own – 1:11

As a plant turns to
Jesus came unto His “own” who did not receive Him. In one sense, everything sunlight, we were
Jesus encountered on earth was truly His “own.” The dust and grass through designed to turn to
which He walked and the people to whom He talked were all His own God. To reject God’s
creation. However, more specifically, the people of Israel failed to accept light and choose
Jesus. The nation God entrusted with His revelation of truth failed to receive
darkness signifies
the promised Messiah they awaited.16
the greatest tragedy
Israel’s rejection represents the human majority in every age who choose imaginable.
to live in alienation from their Maker. God created people with the unique
capacity to know and worship Him. As a plant turns to sunlight, we were designed to turn to
God. To reject God’s light and choose darkness signifies the greatest tragedy imaginable.
Christ Received – 1:12-13

By God’s grace and to His glory, not everyone rejected Christ. The remainder of John’s prologue
describes the blessings and benefits of turning to Christ. Faith in Christ never rises from
a manmade resolution or an emotional impulse. John uses two verbs to describe personal
commitment to God through true faith in Christ.
Receiving Christ and Believing in Him – 1:12

True believers “receive” Christ—they come to Jesus on His terms, not their own. Christ’s
saving work need not be validated by human agreement or acceptance. Instead, true believers
receive and surrender themselves to the undeniable, light-infusing, and life-transforming truth
of all Christ is and what He has declared. This means to receive Christ into your inner being as
Lord, King, and Savior from sin, including your specific sins.
To “believe” in Christ represents a deliberate commitment to everything Jesus claims as

absolutely and eternally true. An individual agrees with this truth and commits to live based on
this belief. Saving faith in Christ includes personal appropriation of His atoning sacrifice and
resurrection life. A believer grows to understand all Jesus is and His rightful claim on their life
by walking with Him and yielding to His truth.
14. Loving darkness: John 3:19-20

15. Rejecting and repressing truth: Romans 1:18-23
16. Jesus rejected: Isaiah 53:3

Becoming Children of God – 1:13
John wants us to recognize that our salvation is not a human work. To be adopted as God’s
child represents God’s supernatural, life-giving work on behalf of the believer. All who receive
Christ are reborn by God to be His own children. God creates eternal life within a person who
receives Christ by faith.17
John employs three negative phrases to help us understand the miracle of life in Christ.
God’s children are not born of “natural descent”—salvation is not inherited through a physical
family. No one becomes a believer through a “human decision”—mere intellectual or emotional
determination. Neither does a “husband’s will” bring salvation—a decision to receive Christ
cannot be made for someone else. New birth brings life from God because He chooses to give
it and sent His Son, Jesus, to make it possible. Have you experienced this miracle?
The Incarnation of Christ – John 1:14-18
The Word Became Flesh – 1:14

This verse represents a pivotal statement of majestic beauty as John returns to the language
that opened his prologue. A glorious expression captures the mysterious union of eternal God
with humanity: “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.” The Greek verb
translated “made his dwelling” relates to the noun used in the Greek Old Testament to refer to
Israel’s tabernacle. If John has this imagery in mind, the sentence could be rendered, “The
Word … pitched His tent among us.”
There is much to amaze us within this glorious truth. The infinite, eternal God made Himself
subject to time and space. The invisible God became visible on earth. Jesus’s incarnation
did not limit or negate His deity. In the ultimate expression of sacrificial love, Jesus took on
flesh to be able to die.18 Equipped to understand our struggles,19 Jesus provided an example of
reverent and obedient submission to His Father.20
John himself witnessed God’s very glory in the man Jesus Christ, especially at the
transfiguration.21 Jesus uniquely revealed and expressed His Father’s glory—the fullness of His
divine nature of grace and truth.
The Testimony of John the Baptist – 1:15

Jesus’s forerunner proclaimed Jesus’s infinite superiority. He declared that Jesus came after
him in time but surpassed him in every way because “he was before me.” With this statement,
John the Baptist affirmed Jesus’s preexistence and deity.
17. New life: John 3:6; 2 Corinthians 5:17-18

18. Able to die: Hebrews 2:9, 14-15
19. Jesus understands: Hebrews 4:14-16
20. Jesus’s example: Hebrews 5:7-9
21. Seeing God’s glory: Matthew 17:1-9; Luke 9:28-36
22 | Lesson 1
The Glory of Christ – 1:16-18
The final three verses of John’s prologue continue to exalt the Lord Jesus Christ. We hear
John’s humble personal testimony woven unobtrusively into these words as his primary focus
remains on Jesus. John wrote, “Out of his fullness we have all received grace in place of grace
already given.” The humble Gospel writer personally experienced relentless waves of God’s
inexhaustible grace. To the believer, God’s steadfast provision of grace operates like the life-
sustaining supply of oxygen inhaled into our lungs with each breath. God continues to pour
out undeserved blessings onto believers from His infinite storehouse of eternal riches.
God gave the Law for human life through Moses, but sinful humans could not keep God’s
righteous standard. Much needed grace and truth came through Christ Jesus. Christ fulfilled
the truth to which all Old Testament symbolism and ceremonies pointed.22
John concludes his prologue with the glorious reminder that God reveals Himself through His
Son. Jesus came to make His Father known. Jesus left heaven’s glories to walk on earth and
make a way for us to know God. Jesus Himself said in John 14:9, “Anyone who has seen me
has seen the Father.” Jesus Christ is God—the only source of eternal life and light. John wants
us to know Jesus and believe in Him.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
John’s prologue opens his Gospel and introduces all his major themes. John proclaims Jesus
as the eternal Word who has always existed in indisputable equality and intimacy with God. In
rich and profound language, John affirms Jesus’s preexistence and participation in creation. He
heralds Jesus as the only source of life and light available to humankind. John lauds Jesus’s
incarnation—that the Savior of the world took on human flesh to shine inextinguishable light
into a world shrouded in darkness. The Creator of the world chose to make His dwelling among
us. God reached to us through His Son to rescue us from death and darkness.
John’s opening words not only exalt Christ but also realistically record humanity’s response to
the incarnate Creator. Jesus came into the world He created and walked among people He loved.
The very people Jesus came to save rejected Him. Yet some received Christ and believed in Him;
they were miraculously raised to life by God as His own children. John the Baptist and John the
apostle together testify to the superiority and wonder of Jesus. The eternal Son, who shares the
closest relationship possible with the Father, has revealed Himself to us. Believers exist within the
realm of God’s grace as grateful recipients of the truth and grace Jesus provides.
Apply It
Immeasurably profound truth flows throughout John’s prologue. We read of “the Word” who
existed before time began and through whom everything was created. Simple words such as
22. Law’s fulfillment: Matthew 5:17; Colossians 2:16-17; Hebrews 10:1-18

“life” and “light” capture immense concepts. The God of eternity, who surpasses us in every
possible way, became a man to save us. How do we respond to this? Should we shudder in
amazement or remain frozen in breathless wonder? Does such truth answer some questions
but raise more? God’s infinite character and mysterious ways expand and challenge our limited
understanding. How has pondering and probing this magnificent text stirred your thoughts
toward your relationship with or love for Jesus? Have you received Jesus for who He declares
Himself to be? Do you believe in Him and commit your life to His cause? Words can hardly
express the wonder that God makes sinners His own children. John’s awe-inspiring thoughts
are written for us and demand a response.
The apostle John presents Jesus as God’s Son. In his quiet and unassuming way, John testifies
to Jesus’s glory, to the truth he had embraced, and to the grace he had experienced. As an
eyewitness to Jesus’s magnificent radiance, John verifies that Jesus was God’s one and only
Son. He also expresses that “we”—speaking for believers—have received “grace in place of
grace already given.” John experienced God’s endless stream of undeserved grace flowing
into his life. When God extends grace to us, He is acting according to His nature. He delights
to show us favor. How has God poured grace upon grace into your life? Do you recognize the
strength and purpose God gives you for each new day? When God convicts you of sin or gives
you strength to obey Him, can you acknowledge His gracious investment in you? Constant
awareness of God’s inexhaustible grace prepares us to notice God’s purposeful work in our
lives. How have you seen God’s grace today? Our needs know no limit, but praise be to God—
His grace abounds!
Much about God remains unknowable to us. Human minds and language cannot capture the
boundless realities about God that will amaze believers for all eternity. So how can you know
God today—as you await heaven’s perfection? John tells us, “Look at Jesus!” When Jesus came
to earth, He showed us what His Father is like. Jesus displayed God’s character and heart. He
demonstrated God’s authority and power. He modeled God’s compassion for broken and needy
people. Jesus loved people in ways that changed them forever. We live in a world where people
attempt to define God on their own terms. This year, we have an opportunity to better grasp
who God is as we gaze intently at His Son. Ask God to expand your thoughts about Him. Seek
to grow in worship and wonder of who Jesus is and what He has done for you. 2 Corinthians
4:6 says: “For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ made his light shine in our hearts
to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ.” Will you ask
God to shine His light on you this year?
24 | Lesson 1 All Scripture quotations in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION ® NIV ®
JOHN: LESSON 2
John the Baptist’s Witness LESSON
and the First Disciples

SCRIPTURE
JOHN 1:19-51
Lesson Questions
First Day: Read Lesson 1 Notes.
1. What truth from the lecture made John’s prologue especially meaningful and practical
to you?
2. How did a specific truth from the notes expand your thinking or challenge you?

A Jewish delegation from Jerusalem questioned John the Baptist.
3. Record the five questions the Jewish delegation asked John the Baptist and his answer to
each question. (The Old Testament references offer some context for the questions asked.)
Question 1 (implied) – 1:19-20
Question 2 – 1:21a (Malachi 3:1; 4:5)
Lesson 2 | 25
Question 3 – 1:21b (Deuteronomy 18:15)
Question 4 – 1:22-23 (Isaiah 40:3)
Question 5 – 1:24-27
4. What did John the Baptist’s responses reveal about his personal identity and his perception
of the Messiah?
5. What do you learn from John the Baptist that you can apply to your own witness for Christ?
Third Day: Read John 1:29-34.

John the Baptist testified to Jesus’s purpose and authority.
6. John the Baptist presented Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world.
a. Tell how John the Baptist’s proclamation relates to the Old Testament ceremonies and
symbols that were a part of Israel’s worship? (See also Leviticus 4:32-35; 5:5-6.)
b. In what ways does this truth about Jesus personally impact you? (See also Isaiah 53
and 1 Peter 1:18-20; 2:24.)
7. How did John the Baptist’s testimony of his experience at Jesus’s baptism in verses 32-34
support his claim of Jesus’s origin and identity? (See also Matthew 3:13-17.)
26 | Lesson 2
8. What is the difference between John the Baptist’s water baptism and the baptism Jesus
gives? (See also John 7:38-39; Acts 2:38; and 1 Corinthians 12:13.)

Jesus called two disciples to follow Him.
9. Give details of Jesus’s call to two of John the Baptist’s disciples that you find meaningful.
John the Baptist’s influence
Their initial response
Their interaction with Jesus
The impact on Simon Peter
10. Consider your own experience of learning about, knowing, and following Jesus.
a. How would you answer the question, “What do you want?” if Jesus asked you that today?
b. In what way has Jesus invited you to “come” and “see”? (See also Isaiah 1:18 and
Matthew 11:28.)
c. What have you learned about Jesus as you have walked with Him?
d. In what ways has Jesus called you to believe Him?

Fifth Day: Read John 1:43-51.
Jesus called Philip and Nathanael.
11. How did Jesus reach Philip? How did Philip respond?
12. a. What words would you use to describe Nathanael?
b. How did Jesus speak to Nathanael in a way that broke barriers and reached his heart?
c. Read John 14:6. How does this verse help you understand Jesus’s words in verse 51?
(See also Genesis 28:10-17.)
13. Who do you need to bring to Jesus? What does that mean in practical terms?

God calls every Christian to proclaim Jesus.
14. What stands out to you about Jesus and how to respond to Him from this passage?
Leaders this week

28 | Lesson 2
Lecture Notes

Lesson 2 Notes
John 1:19-51
Focus Verse
“The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, ‘Look, the Lamb of God, who
takes away the sin of the world!’” (John 1:29)
Outline
● Preparing for Jesus – John 1:19-28
● Proclaiming Jesus – John 1:29-34
● Following Jesus – John 1:35-51
Engage
News travels fast. Momentous news travels even faster. After 400 years of seeming silence,
God sent His prophet who arrived on the scene with a riveting declaration. In his prologue,
John introduced another man named John—John the Baptist—whom God sent to testify
concerning Jesus. The arrival of Messiah’s forerunner and the Messiah Himself headlined
earth-shattering news. With humility and boldness, John the Baptist fulfilled his call. Very
quickly, crowds gathered to hear him preach. Many responded in repentance and were baptized.
Ultimately, everything John the Baptist said and did deflected glory from himself and pointed
to Jesus. As he proclaimed Jesus, some believed, others denied, but many were intrigued.
With John’s majestic prologue still ringing in our ears, our attention now turns to Jesus’s first
week of public ministry. John the Baptist witnessed publicly about Jesus to those ready
to believe and others poised to reject Him. Jesus called disciples who did not understand
everything about Him but recognized His authority and followed Him. John the Baptist’s humble
witness sets an example for us. God calls every Christian to proclaim Jesus. No greater message
or mission exists than to point to Jesus, the Lamb of God sent to bear the sin of humanity.
Preparing for Jesus – John 1:19-28
John the Baptist’s Preaching and Baptism

A wide cross section of Jewish society poured out of Judea and Jerusalem to listen to John
the Baptist.1 The Holy Spirit spoke powerfully through him, convicting many of their sins.
Cut to the heart, they confessed their need for God’s cleansing and were baptized to express
repentance and God’s work in their hearts.2
1. Crowds seek John the Baptist: Matthew 3:5-6; Mark 1:5; Luke 3:7
2. John the Baptist’s call to repent: Luke 3:3, 7-9
30 | Lesson 2
For the most part, Jewish people presumed that as God’s people they were already clean.
John the Baptist’s listeners saw the reality of their sin in God’s sight and realized they needed
spiritual cleansing as much as any Gentile sinner. This movement challenged traditional
Jewish thinking and authority.
John the Baptist’s rising ministry stirred up hope of the Messiah’s coming. Old Testament
prophets foretold a cleansing ministry associated with the Messiah.3 People began to ask if
John the Baptist was the promised Messiah.4
Questions from a Jewish Delegation

John the Baptist’s call for repentance and messianic rumors troubled the Jewish leadership
council, the Sanhedrin. The Jewish hierarchy sent an official contingent from Jerusalem to
investigate John the Baptist and his influence. Who was this strange man who preached in
the wilderness and baptized without their official sanction?5 This confrontation represents
the earliest opposition to Jesus and His message. John’s Gospel records the escalation of
opposition throughout Jesus’s ministry.
John’s Gospel uses the word “Jews” (or as the NIV translates here, “Jewish leaders”) almost
70 times. Obviously Jesus Christ and John were Jews. However, John usually used this word
to represent those who resisted Jesus. From the beginning, this Gospel makes it clear that
whenever Jesus is revealed, opposition arises because of sin and unbelief. Picking up on the
theme introduced in his prologue, John continues to highlight the wonder of belief alongside
the hostility of unbelief.6 John’s Gospel powerfully presents this combination of God’s love and
human rejection—the offer of grace and the warning of judgment.
The apostle John, likely a disciple of John the Baptist at this time, recorded this conversation.
The Jewish delegation engaged John the Baptist in a series of questions regarding his
identity and baptism. Their inquiry did not arise from an honest quest for truth but from
a desire to deny his claim of authority. True to his calling, John the Baptist seized every
opportunity to exalt Jesus and not himself.
Who Are You? – 1:19-23
“Are You the Messiah?” (implied) – 1:19-20

The Jews longed for the coming of the Messiah—an expectation that began in the Old
Testament7 and developed in Judaism between the time of the Old Testament and the New
Testament. Some key features identified with the Messiah include:
● He would be King David’s descendant.
● He would be guided and empowered by the Spirit of God.
● He would exhibit supernatural power.
● He would defeat nations and enemies of God.
3. Cleansing: Isaiah 52:15; Ezekiel 36:25; Zechariah 13:1

4. The Messiah: Luke 3:15
5. John the Baptist’s strange ways: Matthew 3:4-6; Mark 1:6
6. Unbelief: John 1:10-11
7. Expectation of the Messiah: 2 Samuel 7:8-16; Isaiah 11:1-11; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Micah 5:2; Matthew 1:1

● He would purge Jerusalem of sin.
● He would bring worldwide peace.
● He would establish an eternal reign of justice and righteousness.
The Old Testament promises about the Messiah often blended Jesus’s first and second
comings in ways that people failed to understand. Jewish expectations of the Messiah did not
include the divine nature of the Messiah as God’s own Son nor His earthly mission to die as
the Suffering Servant. The Jewish leaders schooled on the promise of the Messiah failed to
recognize Jesus when He came to earth.
“Are You Elijah?”– 1:21a

With their second question, the Jewish representatives checked another possibility off their
list. Elijah, Israel’s great reformer, did not experience death but was mysteriously taken to
heaven in a whirlwind.8 The prophet Malachi spoke of Elijah’s return to prepare God’s people for
“the day of the Lord,” the final judgment of the world.9 John the Baptist’s lifestyle and ministry
paralleled the style of Elijah.10 Both Elijah and John the Baptist confronted evil leaders, had their
lives threatened by self-serving queens, and struggled with discouragement.11
John the Baptist’s reply left no room for doubt. He was not Elijah. However, Jesus later
connected Malachi’s promises with John when He said, “I tell you, Elijah has already come.”12
How do we reconcile John the Baptist’s firm denial with the Lord’s words? Zechariah, John the
Baptist’s father, received a prophetic message that his son would come “in the spirit and power
of Elijah.”13 John the Baptist was not actually Elijah but was sent by God to fulfill a similar role
with similar power.
“Are You the Prophet?” – 1:21b

This question likely refers to Deuteronomy 18:15-18, the source of a Jewish expectation of
another prophet like Moses. Most likely, Jesus Himself fulfilled this prophecy. John the Baptist
simply and straightforwardly answered, “No.”
“What Do You Say about Yourself?” – 1:22-23

With their checklist of options growing thin, the Jewish delegates sought a viable answer to
take back to the Sanhedrin. Because John the Baptist had revealed only who he was not, they
diligently tried to extract a claim regarding his identity. John the Baptist’s steadfast aim was
to turn attention away from himself and direct the focus on the good news of the Messiah’s
coming. He replied by quoting Isaiah 40:3: “I am the voice of one calling in the wilderness,
‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’” The “Lord” in Isaiah 40:3 is none other than Yahweh, the
Lord God. John the Baptist prepares for the coming of God—Jesus. He humbly deflected any
specific title or name and only identified himself as the “voice.”
8. Elijah’s departure: 2 Kings 2:11

9. Elijah’s return: Malachi 4:5
10. Parallel to Elijah: 1 Kings 18:21; 2 Kings 1:7-8; Matthew 3:1-4
11. John the Baptist and Elijah: 1 Kings 18:18; 19:1-4; Matthew 11:2-3; 14:3-4, 8-11
12. Jesus’s words about Elijah: Matthew 17:11-12
13. Spirit and power of Elijah: Luke 1:16-17
32 | Lesson 2
Why Are You Baptizing? – 1:24-28
Without a satisfying answer regarding John the Baptist’s identity, the inquiring panel moved on
to ask for the reasons behind his practice of baptism. Perhaps they suspected he was a false
prophet. They wanted John the Baptist to declare what right he had to baptize, as he did so
without their authority.
Once again, John the Baptist pointed away from himself and directly to Jesus. He did not want
anyone distracted by his practice of baptism with mere water. All he sought to do was prepare
people for the gloriously worthy One who had come. He again humbly expressed his own lowly
position before Jesus who was coming behind him. “He is the one who comes after me, the
straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie.”
The apostle John provides distinct geographical details regarding the

location of this recorded conversation. There were evidently two towns
From the terrible
known as “Bethany”—one near Jerusalem14 where Jesus raised Lazarus
moment when sin
and one “on the other side of the Jordan, where John was baptizing.” first entered the
John offered this clarifying eyewitness detail to eliminate any confusion world, God made
regarding the location of this confrontation. a way for people
to grasp their
inability to save
Proclaiming Jesus – John 1:29-34 themselves from
sin’s death grip.
John used the phrase “the next day” more than once to indicate the
chronological flow of events through Jesus’s first week of ministry. Prior to
the Jerusalem delegation’s confrontation of John the Baptist, Jesus had already been baptized
by John the Baptist and overcome Satan’s temptation in the wilderness.15 John 1:29 indicates
that Jesus approached John the Baptist the day after the Jerusalem delegation’s visit. In verses
32-34, John recalled God’s confirmation of Jesus at His baptism which had occurred earlier.
John the Baptist Proclaims Jesus as the Lamb of God –

1:29-31
When John the Baptist saw Jesus, he announced the most important message of his life: “Look,
the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” Jesus, God’s chosen Lamb, “surpassed”
John the Baptist because “he was before” John the Baptist. Although Jesus was 6 months
younger than John the Baptist in physical age,16 He had always existed in eternity past. John the
Baptist’s exclamation of Jesus as the Lamb of God connected Him with important symbolism
rooted in the past—the first Passover celebration.
In coming to earth to offer Himself as the sinless substitute for humanity’s sin, Jesus fulfilled
the symbolism to which the Old Testament sacrificial system pointed. From the terrible
moment when sin first entered the world, God made a way for people to grasp their inability to
save themselves from sin’s death grip. In Israel, someone who sinned brought a lamb to the
door of the temple, laid hands on the lamb’s head, confessed the specific sin, and then killed
14. Bethany near Jerusalem: Mark 11:1; John 12:1

15. Jesus’s baptism and temptation: Matthew 3:13–4:2
16. John the Baptist older than Jesus: Luke 1:26-33

The Progression of Sacrifices that Culminate in Jesus
● One sacrifice for one person – Genesis 3:21; 4:4
● One sacrifice for one family – Exodus 12:3
● One sacrifice for one nation – Leviticus 16:15-16
● One sacrifice for the world – John 1:29
the lamb.17 The innocent lamb paid the price for the sinful person to be made right with God.
The priest then sprinkled the lamb’s blood on God’s altar to show that death accomplished the
required judgment for that sin.
The prophet Isaiah connected the image of the sacrificial lamb with the Messiah, saying, “the
punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed…and the Lord
has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”18 By God’s design, Jesus’s death fell during Passover as
He offered Himself as God’s perfect substitute for sinners.19 Jesus died as the true Passover
Lamb.20 Though few understood the magnitude of John the Baptist’s words, he prepared people
to recognize that Jesus was indeed God’s promised Messiah.
John the Baptist Proclaims Jesus as God’s Chosen One –

1:32-34
John the Baptist remembered a defining moment in his understanding of Jesus’s identity. God
promised to confirm the Messiah’s identity to John the Baptist with a physical sign: “The man
on whom you see the Spirit come down and remain is the one who will baptize with the Holy
Spirit.” John’s Gospel does not mention that John the Baptist baptized Jesus but simply notes
the sign that confirmed Jesus’s identity. John the Baptist saw the Spirit descend from heaven
and rest on Jesus in the form of a dove. With this scene etched in his memory and heart, John
confidently declared, “I have seen and I testify that this is God’s Chosen One.”
John the Baptist’s water baptism pictured the true spiritual cleansing all people need and only
Christ’s death could accomplish. Through repentance and water baptism, John the Baptist
prepared Israel for the coming of Jesus who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.21 Jesus taught that
sinners need to be born again of the Spirit.22 After Jesus ascended to heaven, God poured out His
Holy Spirit upon His people.23 The baptism of the Holy Spirit is God’s gift to all who receive new
life through faith in Christ.24
17. Sacrificial lamb: Leviticus 4:32-35; 5:5-6

18. Perfect sacrifice: Isaiah 53:5-10; Hebrews 7:27
19. During Passover: Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54: John 19:14, 31, 42; Acts 2:23
20. Passover Lamb: Exodus 12:1-29; 1 Corinthians 5:7
21. Baptism of the Holy Spirit: Luke 3:16
22. Born again: John 3:3, 5, 8
23. Spirit poured out: John 7:38-39; Acts 1:5; 2:1-4
24. God’s gift: 1 Corinthians 12:13; Ephesians 2:8-9
34 | Lesson 2
Following Jesus – John 1:35-51
John the Baptist’s Disciples Follow Jesus – 1:35-42

On the third day of this pivotal week, John the Baptist directed two of his own disciples so
humbly and emphatically that they left him to follow his Lord—Jesus. One of these men was
Andrew and the other was likely the apostle John, who never names himself in his Gospel.
When John the Baptist drew their attention to Jesus, the Lamb of God, they followed Him.
Jesus met them with a searching question, “What do you want?” Jesus knew every thought and
impulse within these two men. He made it easy for them to follow Him without fear.
The two men called Jesus “Rabbi”—a sign of respect. Their question for Jesus communicated
their desire to have more than a casual acquaintance with Him: “Where are you staying?” These
two men may have struggled to know what to say in this powerful moment. Jesus answered
with a beautifully simple promise that magnetically drew their searching hearts, “Come, and
you will see.” Few people grasp the eternal significance of Jesus’s gracious invitation to
“come.” This moment remained so indelibly fixed in John’s mind that about 60 years later, he
remembered that this life-changing interaction occurred at 4 p.m.
Andrew, also moved by his encounter with Jesus, immediately found his brother Simon. He
confidently announced the joyful news that he had “found the Messiah.” Whenever the Gospels
mention Andrew, he was busy bringing people to Jesus—his brother Simon Peter, a boy with a
lunch to share, or Greeks who wanted to meet Jesus.25
Jesus “looked” at Simon. The original Greek word describes a searching, penetrating gaze.
Jesus spoke to Simon and changed his name from Simon to Cephas, an Aramaic word
meaning “rock,” translated into Greek as “Petros” or “Peter” in English. This new name
anticipated Jesus’s transformative work in Peter’s life. The apostle Peter became a faithful,
tender shepherd who did not shrink back from following Jesus.26 Jesus not only knows who we
are, He knows who we can be by His transformative power.
Philip and Nathanael Follow Jesus – 1:43-51

The next day while traveling to Galilee, Jesus found Philip and issued a call to follow Him. Like
Andrew, Philip could not keep this glorious news to himself and found his friend Nathanael.
He boldly claimed, “We have found the one Moses wrote about in the Law, and about whom the
prophets also wrote—Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.” Both Philip and Nathanael were
godly men who clung to God’s promises about the Messiah.
Nathanael immediately questioned whether anything good could come from Nazareth—likely
a reference to the insignificance of this small Galilean village. Philip did not argue but simply
invited Nathanael to “come and see.” Nathanael approached Jesus to discover the truth for
himself. Jesus seemed to recognize and speak to Nathanael’s inquisitive mind. He praised
Nathanael as “an Israelite in whom there is no deceit.” Astonished by Jesus’s words, Nathanael
questioned how Jesus knew him.
25. Andrew’s invitations: John 1:42; 6:8-9; 12:20-22

26. Peter: John 21:18-19; Acts 4:13, 19-21; 1 and 2 Peter

Believing What God Has Declared as True
The Doctrine of Faith
John’s Gospel, from start to finish, calls people to faith in Christ. At its simplest, faith is
believing God and acting upon that belief. Biblical faith involves more than optimism, blind
hope, or only intellectual agreement with facts. Even demons recognize undeniable truth
but refuse to surrender to what they know.1
Saving faith requires three important elements. First, specific content—actual truth
God has revealed about the gospel of salvation—must be believed. John the Baptist and
Jesus’s first disciples embraced specific truth about Jesus.2 Secondly, conviction leads to
personal trust in Jesus.3 Thirdly, commitment to repent and follow Christ brings willingness
to surrender to Jesus’s right to control and direct one’s thoughts and actions.4 If I trust
someone then I respond to what they say.
True faith involves more than a casual acknowledgement of Jesus with no bearing on
daily life. Failure to recognize Jesus for who He really is comes with great cost. Without
personally receiving Jesus as Savior, sin’s deserved judgment must be carried yourself.
However, faith in Jesus offers more than escape from judgment. Without Jesus and God’s
unchanging truth as the anchor for life, this world’s fleeting pleasures and ever-changing
voices place your feet on constantly shifting sand.
Knowing and believing what is true about Jesus changes your life forever. Through the
Holy Spirit’s power, genuine faith yields a deepening understanding of salvation’s wonder,
a growing love for Jesus, and an ongoing surrender to Him in the moments of life. Faith in
Christ is not a benign influence but a transforming force in an individual’s life. Like Jesus’s
disciples, how has Jesus called you to believe in and follow Him? How has following Jesus
transformed your life?
1. Demons: James 2:19
2. Gospel truth: Matthew 16:16; Acts 4:12; 16:31
3. Personal faith in Christ: John 1:12; 3:16; 6:37; Acts 16:14
4. Commitment to Christ: Matthew 11:28-30; Luke 9:23; 14:25-27; Acts 3:19; 20:21; Romans 12:1-2
Jesus’s response to Nathanael immediately overcame his doubts and penetrated his heart.
When Jesus mentioned he had seen Nathanael under the fig tree before Philip called him,
Nathanael immediately confessed that Jesus was God’s Son and the king of Israel. In ways
we cannot fully understand, Jesus’s words demonstrated His omniscience and deity that
personally broke down barriers in Nathanael’s heart. Jesus’s intimate and personal knowledge
brought Nathanael’s immediate confession.
Jesus’s response to Nathanael’s budding faith indicated that even greater revelation awaited
him. The Savior who knew when and where he sat would reveal far greater truth. Jesus
referenced their ancestor Jacob’s dream of a ladder to heaven—a familiar image of angels
36 | Lesson 2
ascending and descending from heaven.27 Through Jesus, God offered Nathanael an open
door to His presence and unbroken fellowship with Him.
John the Baptist pointed to Jesus and called people to Him. Andrew and Philip met Jesus and
immediately shared the news. God calls every Christian to proclaim Jesus. There is no greater
message than truth about Jesus and no greater privilege than sharing that good news with others.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
John the Baptist humbly pointed to Jesus, the Lamb of God sent to take away the sin of the
world. When questioned by an official Jewish delegation, John the Baptist clearly denied being
the Messiah, Elijah, or God’s promised prophet. He powerfully testified to Jesus’s superiority.
He had seen God’s Spirit descend from heaven and rest on Jesus in the form of a dove. All
John the Baptist wanted to do was get out of the way so God’s Chosen One would be received
and exalted.
Jesus demonstrated His authority by calling His first disciples. Trusting John the Baptist’s
bold witness, two of his disciples—Andrew and likely John—were bid by Jesus to “come.” They
left what they were doing to follow Jesus. Andrew quickly found his brother Simon who also
responded to Jesus’s invitation. With simple words, Jesus called Philip and revealed Himself
to Nathanael. Jesus gathered a growing list of disciples who committed to follow Him but had
minimal understanding of the glorious adventure ahead. This first trickle of faith will continue to
flow until believers from every tribe, tongue, people, and nation have joined its mighty stream.28
What a privilege it is to be a witness for Jesus—the world’s only Savior!
Apply It
John the Baptist sets an amazing example of denying self to exalt Christ. Though praised
by Jesus29 and filling an important role in God’s redemptive plan, he constantly yielded the
spotlight to Jesus. He boldly confronted sin but humbly proclaimed Christ. How do we, as
naturally prideful humans, properly exhibit the elusive quality of humility? How do we balance
faith-filled boldness with proper surrender? What helps us determine when to step up and
speak out and when to step back and bow down? We do not win the battle with self by simply
trying harder. Ultimately, Adam’s children gain a proper self-perspective through an exalted
view of Christ and an accurate assessment of their own spiritual neediness. In what ways
might you unknowingly promote yourself, even as you seek to serve the Lord? How can you fix
your eyes on Jesus so that your own agenda fades in the light of His greatness?
When Jesus called His first disciples, they responded with immediate surrender. They left
whatever they were doing to follow Jesus. Competing loyalties challenge everyone who desires
to walk with Christ in this life. Daily cares such as earning a living, paying bills, and caring
27. Jacob’s ladder: Genesis 28:10-17

28. Stream of faith: Revelation 5:9
29. Jesus praised John: Matthew 11:11

for family represent duties that require much time and focus. While God does not call every
believer to vocational ministry, He plans important work for all His children. Whoever you are,
wherever you live, and whatever you do, Jesus’s invitation reaches to you. In many ways and
across time, He says, “Come, and you will see.” God has positioned you right where He wants
you. Following Jesus is more important than anything else you are doing. How is God leading
you to speak for Him within your circle of influence? What is holding you back?
Jesus’s encounter with Nathanael demonstrates His intimate knowledge and intentional
love for every individual. We do not know exactly why Jesus’s custom-crafted words made
Nathanael ready to follow Him. Somehow, Jesus spoke “Nathanael” to Nathanael. Jesus knows
exactly how to reach each of His children. Some hear God’s call through hardship, others
through success. God arrests some people’s attention by engaging their minds with lingering
questions. Other people are forever changed when they experience God’s power, presence, and
intervention. God’s Word can powerfully melt resistance and negate excuses to bring surrender.
How is Jesus saying, “Follow me” to you? What has God used to unlock your heart to the truth?
In what unique ways has the Lord reached to you so you would hear Him? No matter how you
have discerned God’s voice, when you follow Jesus, greater and greater wonders await you.
JOHN: LESSON 3
Water to Wine and LESSON
Temple Cleansing
SCRIPTURE
JOHN 2
Lesson Questions
1. What truths in last week’s notes or lesson discussion about John the Baptist’s witness or
the disciples’ call stood out to you? Why?
2. In what way did the lecture help inspire you to proclaim the promise and person of Jesus?

Jesus and His first disciples attended a wedding.
3. a. Describe the problem that occurred at the wedding and the possible embarrassment
this could have caused.
b. What do you think Mary intended when she approached Jesus? How did she respond
after hearing Jesus’s words?
Lesson 3 | 39
c. How might your intentions affect the way you approach Jesus?
d. What lessons do you draw from Jesus’s words to Mary?
4. Which attributes did Jesus reveal about Himself in His first miraculous sign of turning
water into wine?
5. a. Read verse 11. Explain how Jesus revealed His glory through this sign. (You may use
other Scripture references to support your answer.)
b. In what ways does Jesus’s revelation of His glory in this passage help you?

Jesus cleared the temple courts.
6. For which Jewish festival did Jesus travel to Jerusalem? How might this celebration
explain the sale of animals and the presence of money changers? (See also Exodus
12:1-11, 24-28 and Deuteronomy 14:24-26; 16:5-7.)
7. a. How did Jesus respond to what He saw in the temple court?
b. What lessons might be learned from Jesus’s actions?
40 | Lesson 3
8. a. Which Messianic prophecy did Jesus’s actions cause His disciples to remember? (See
also marginal references for the Old Testament verse quoted in John 2:17.)
b. In what way did Jesus’s actions also fulfill the prophecy of Malachi 3:1-4? How does this
affect your perspective of Jesus?

Jesus foretold the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem.
9. a. Why would the Jews (a term John often uses to denote the Jewish religious authorities)
question the source of Jesus’s authority?
b. What do they reveal in their request for another sign?
c. Have you ever questioned, challenged, or acknowledged Jesus’s authority over you?
What were the results?
10. a. How did Jesus respond to their request and what did He mean? (See also John 10:17-18.)
b. How were Jesus’s words twisted at His trial and crucifixion? (See also Matthew
26:59-61; 27:40.)

Jesus performed more signs and discerned the hearts of people.
11. a. What was the difference between the disciples’ belief in Jesus (John 2:11) and the
“belief” of many at Passover (John 2:23)?
b. In what way does this passage challenge your faith?
12. a. Why would Jesus not entrust Himself to people gathering around Him at Passover?
b. How does Jesus’s complete knowledge of the deepest motivations of your heart
impact you?
c. Share with your group a way that God has drawn you to Himself.
Sixth Day: Review John 2.

Jesus wields transforming authority.
13. What has this chapter taught you about the transformational power and authority of Jesus?
Leaders this week

42 | Lesson 3
Lecture Notes

Lesson 3 Notes
John 2
Focus Verse
“What Jesus did here in Cana of Galilee was the first of the signs through which he revealed
his glory; and his disciples believed in him.” (John 2:11)
Outline
● Jesus Displays His Power – John 2:1-12
● Jesus Displays His Authority – John 2:13-17
● Jesus Displays His Divinity – John 2:18-25
Engage
At some point and to varying degrees, everyone desires transformation. We often seek a
better version of ourselves or some sort of upgrade—a new home, more education, fresh
coat of paint, new city, job promotion, or even maturity as the years pass. While any of these
may be good, the rejuvenation eventually recedes into the everyday. We yearn for more. The
transformation this world offers yields only partial refreshment and momentary excitement.1
In the opening days of Jesus’s public ministry, He attracted followers and offered evidence
of His majesty. The Lord began to share His heavenly perspective with the world. At a
wedding in Cana, in the temple courts of Jerusalem, and through His encounters with fellow
Jews, Jesus redefined transformation. Only the spiritual regeneration Jesus provides can
bring lasting change. Jesus wields transforming authority. He desires and has the power to
change His people from the inside out.
1. Worldly treasure: Matthew 6:19-21
Jesus Displays His Power – John 2:1-12

Jesus performed His first sign soon after gathering His first disciples.1 This recorded miracle
took place at a wedding and was the first of many signs to point to His authority, divinity, and
regenerating power.
Wedding at Cana – 2:1-5

The Setting – 2:1-2
Jesus had just recruited Nathanael, Philip, and Peter to follow Him. Additionally, two of John
the Baptist’s former disciples, Andrew and likely John (this Gospel’s writer), left their fishing
1. First disciples: John 1:35-51
44 | Lesson 3
nets to follow Jesus. The newly formed group traveled together to a wedding in Cana, a village
near Jesus’s hometown of Nazareth.
In Jewish culture, weddings presented a time of joyful fellowship. The celebration typically
consisted of events lasting an entire week or more. The bride and groom were treated like a king
and queen. A wedding provided respite from days of hard work, poverty, and Roman oppression.
The Problem – 2:3-4

This wedding, likely that of a relative or family friend, involved Jesus’s mother, Mary. The scene
opens with Mary scrambling to find a solution to a critical need—a shortage of wine that would
have humiliated the hosts of such a festive occasion. Although drunkenness has always been
a sin,2 wine was considered essential at weddings and other important celebrations. In ancient
times, wine was often a regular part of daily life.
In desperation, Mary turned to the One she trusted most to find a solution. She simply
approached Jesus and stated her problem: “They have no more wine.” Because Mary’s husband
is not mentioned, she may have been a widow at this time. She would naturally turn to her
eldest son for help.
Luke’s Gospel makes it clear that Mary knew Jesus’s true identity since before He was born.3
Had Mary heard the pronouncements of John the Baptist?4 Did she think it was time for Jesus
to reveal Himself to the world? Or did she simply want more wine for the wedding guests?
Jesus gently, firmly, and succinctly replied to Mary’s request. Consider three noteworthy
points in His response:
“Woman”
Jesus respectfully addressed His mother in the same manner He would from the cross, the only
other time Mary appears in this Gospel.5 Using “woman” as a common expression, Jesus moved
Mary to see Him no longer as the son of her flesh but as Lord of her life. Mary’s relationship with
Jesus would become even more intimate through faith in Him as her Savior and Lord.
“Why do you involve me?”

Like the term “woman,” this phrase should not be considered discourteous. Rather, Jesus
understood the work His Father sent Him to do. While His mother sought a solution to a
practical problem, Jesus focused on an eternal timeline. Jesus’s words reveal that He and His
mother had different primary concerns.
“My hour has not yet come.”

Jesus understood that He came into this world to accomplish His Father’s purpose.6 By divine
omniscience, Jesus knew everything His Father planned long before He entered the world.
Whenever Jesus spoke of His “hour,” He referred to the cross.7 Throughout His ministry, Mary
and others desired for Jesus to reveal Himself more broadly and urgently as the Messiah. However,
2. Drunkenness: Proverbs 20:1; 23:29-35; Isaiah 5:11, 22; Habakkuk 2:5, 15

3. Jesus’s identity: Luke 1:35-56; 2:1-52
4. Proclamation of the Messiah: John 1:32-34
5. “Woman”: John 19:26
6. Jesus’s purpose: Luke 2:41-49; John 1:1-5; 17:1-5
7. "Hour" of the cross: John 7:30; 8:20; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 17:1

Jesus’s “hour” would not come until He entered Jerusalem as King and Messiah, riding on a
donkey and fulfilling prophecy.8 Though at the point of Mary’s request Jesus had not yet offered
signs of His authority, He offered many before His “hour” on the cross.
Jesus’s “hour” would overturn expectations of the Messiah as a conquering king. Jesus’s path
to His eternal throne would instead include suffering and death. The Lamb of God must die and
rise again to defeat death and provide salvation for God’s people.9 Everything Jesus did during
His earthly life pointed toward the eternal impact of His saving act on behalf of humanity.
A Mother’s Response – 2:5

With trust in her son and Lord, Mary instructed the wedding servants, “Do whatever he tells
you.” In faith, Mary demonstrated the appropriate response to Jesus’s absolute authority—
obedience. Mary’s example continues to speak to us today.
The One who Water to Wine – 2:6-10

transforms hearts
of stone to love The Water – 2:6-8
and obey God Nearby stood six stone jars, each with the capacity of 20-30 gallons (75-115
would regenerate liters). These jars held water for the traditional ceremonial cleansing of hands,
ordinary water into feet, and household objects. Jewish tradition rather than God’s law dictated
fine wine. God is this cleansing ritual. Perhaps these now empty jars supplied water for a ritual
in the business of within the wedding ceremony.
transformation. The servants obeyed Jesus and filled the jars to the brim with water. Next
they drew a sample from the vessels to take to the banquet master. God
positioned these servants as eyewitnesses to Jesus’s transformational power. Scripture does
not tell us whether these servants knew about Jesus or His identity as the Messiah. The Lord
accomplishes extraordinary work through ordinary people and ordinary things.
The Wine – 2:9-10

Jesus transformed the water within the stone jars into new wine. Jesus, who was with the
Father “in the beginning” when the heavens and earth came into being,10 summoned His
divine, creative power to provide more than enough wine for this wedding feast. Jesus’s
generous heart gave more than Mary had asked. The One who transforms hearts of stone to
love and obey God would regenerate ordinary water into fine wine. God is in the business of
transformation.
The banquet master testified to the excellence of the wine. He marveled that the best wine
would be served at this point in the festivities. Typically hosts served lesser quality wine when
their guests’ palates were dulled. In Jesus, God offers the world His best—and with His
perfect timing.
8. Triumphant entry: Zechariah 9:9; John 12:12-16

9. Salvation: John 3:16
10. In the beginning: Genesis 1; John 1:1-3
46 | Lesson 3
Jesus’s Miraculous Signs in John’s Gospel
● Turned water into wine – 2:1-11
● Healed royal official’s son – 4:46-54
● Healed paralyzed man – 5:1-15
● Fed 5,000 – 6:1-14
● Walked on water – 6:16-21
● Healed blind man – 9:1-41
● Raised Lazarus – 11:1-44
● Resurrected – 20:1-29
(Scholars differ regarding the numbering of the signs. Some, for example, do not count Jesus’s
walking on water but do count the resurrection as the seventh and pinnacle of all the other signs.)
The Signs of His Time – 2:11-12

Signs – 2:11
Jesus’s transformation of water into wine at the wedding in Cana presented the first of countless
miracles He would perform throughout His public ministry. In his Gospel, John refers to Jesus’s
miracles as “signs” designed to reveal Him as the Messiah.11 Jesus came to earth to do more
than heal the sick, multiply food, and give sight to the blind. He intended for His miracles of
compassion to achieve a higher purpose. They were “signs” specifically meant to lead people to
believe in Him.12 Jesus offered visible and tangible expressions of His divine authority.
Jesus’s first miracle occurred at a wedding. The context of this sign hints at the great wedding
feast to come on a glorious day in the future. Jesus will return to establish the new heavens
and new earth. Jesus the Bridegroom will be united, eternally and in glory, with His bride—His
people, His Church.13
Moving On – 2:12
Jesus and His followers soon left Cana for the town of Capernaum, about 16 miles (26 km)
away, which would serve as the base of Jesus’s ministry in Galilee. From there, the group
traveled to Jerusalem where Jesus would make His first rightful claim to His authority
over His temple and His people. Jesus started His public ministry with a quiet display of
His transformative power. Jesus’s trip into Jerusalem to celebrate Passover14 brought public
confrontation and God-ordained conversations as He carried out His Father’s plan. The faith of
Jesus’s mother, brothers, and disciples would grow as they followed and abided in Him.
11. Signs of the Messiah: Isaiah 25:4-8; Jeremiah 31:11-12; Joel 2:24-28; 3:18; Amos 9:13
12. Signs: John 20:30-31
13. Wedding supper: Matthew 22:1-14; Revelation 19:7-9; 21:9
14. Jesus’s trip into Jerusalem: John 2:13–4:54

Jesus Displays His Authority – John 2:13-17
Jesus and His followers moved from a wedding in Cana to Passover in Jerusalem—from one
glorious celebration and reflection of God’s relationship with His people to another. Passover
offered a sacred remembrance of God’s miraculous deliverance of His people from bondage
and slavery in Egypt.
Passover in Jerusalem – 2:13-14

Passover was one of three annual Jewish festivals that required the presence of Jewish males
aged 12 years and older.15 Passover became tied to the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread
that immediately followed. While those who did not live near Jerusalem were excused from this
obligation, many traveled from far away to celebrate. The people revered the Jerusalem temple
as a holy place symbolizing God’s presence and pledge to dwell with His people.16
The Feast of Unleavened Bread, which followed Passover, required sacrifices of bulls, lambs,
goats, or doves depending on the worshiper’s financial resources. These sacrifices provided
God’s way for His people to enter a restored relationship with Him. Like the Passover lamb,
these sacrifices foreshadowed the perfect sacrifice, Jesus Christ, whose blood was shed for
the sins of the world.
The outer court of the temple, known as the Court of the Gentiles, became a place of
commerce. This court was the only place of the temple open to non-Jews. Overflowing with
merchants, noise, and greed, this holy ground had been turned into a market and impeded
God’s intended purpose for the temple. A place designed for welcome, worship, and serenity
turned into a bustling marketplace that distracted visitors from focusing on God.
Clearing the Temple – 2:15-16

With justifiable anger, Jesus made a whip out of cords and drove out the money changers and
livestock. “Get these out of here! Stop turning my Father’s house into a market!” With His purifying
whip and authoritative words, Jesus transformed this sacred place, at least for this moment.
The other Gospel writers include another record of Jesus clearing the temple the week prior to
His crucifixion. Sin never escapes the Lord’s notice. In His second encounter, Jesus used even
stronger language to confront corruption: “‘My house will be called a house of prayer,’ but you
are making it ‘a den of robbers.’”17
Jesus’s reference to the temple as “my Father’s house” and “my house” clearly stood as
messianic claims. Both times Jesus cleared the temple, He demonstrated His divine authority
to transform—like turning water into wine. These events also point to the Messiah and the end
times. Jesus claimed authority over the place considered the most sacred spot on the earth for
a Jew. Ultimately, the final clearing and cleansing of the Lord’s temple—His people—will take
place on the day of judgment.18
15. Festivals: Exodus 23:14-17; Deuteronomy 16:16

16. God’s dwelling: Exodus 25:8
17. Second temple cleansing: Matthew 21:12-17; Mark 11:15-18; Luke 19:45-48
18. Judgment day: Malachi 3:1-4
48 | Lesson 3
Fulfilling Prophecy – 2:17
Every day the disciples spent with their Lord brought them more revelation of His perfect
nature. Here at God’s temple, they witnessed Jesus’s burning desire to honor His Father and
allow both Jews and Gentiles to enter His presence. Before their eyes, Psalm 69:9 came alive:
“Zeal for your house consumes me.” Through moments like this, the roots of the disciples’ faith
grew deeper. As you spend time with Jesus in His Word, will you draw closer to Him? Take to
heart the perfect attributes of Jesus’s character, will, and zeal for you, His people, and His Father.
Jesus Displays His Divinity – John 2:18-25

Jesus issued a clear statement of His divine authority when He boldly drove out and
admonished the merchants in the temple courts. Such a revelation demands a response. Jesus
invited scrutiny as He boldly launched His confrontation of Israel’s religious leaders. Certainly
God’s own Son, the Sovereign Lord of eternity, was fit for this challenge.
Jesus’s Purpose – 2:18-22

The Jews’ Challenge – 2:18
The authority Jesus visibly demonstrated quickly brought questions from the religious leaders
who likely blessed and benefited from the temple court commerce. Blind to the fact that they
stood face-to-face with God’s Son, “the Jews” asked a logical question: “What sign can you
show us to prove your authority to do all this?” These religious experts missed the fact that
Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of Zechariah and Malachi, who promised the Messiah would
sweep the temple clean.19 They failed to ask, “Could this be the Messiah?”
Jesus’s Response – 2:19

Throughout Jesus’s ministry, people constantly questioned the source of His authority. Often
the religious leaders tried to trap Jesus in error or self-incrimination. Jesus’s wise answers and
the shrewd questions He returned to His detractors always probed beneath the surface. With
intentionality, Jesus exposed people’s motives and sin as well as His own identity. Jesus offered
a profound answer to their question: “Destroy this temple, and I will raise it again in three days.”
Jesus’s Meaning – 2:20-22

The questioners focused only on the magnificent structure in front of them. How could the
temple that took a lifetime to build be destroyed, much less rebuilt in three days? Later at His
trial and crucifixion, Jesus’s enemies twisted His words to falsely accuse Him.20
The people at the temple courts that day did not understand the truth that would soon become
clear to Jesus’s disciples. His words represented God’s good news, the greatest sign of all.
Death would be defeated. Jesus, the true Temple and presence of God, conquered sin and
death and rose from the grave. Through faith in Jesus, God “rebuilds” people who are dead in
their sin, transforming them to enjoy God’s glorious presence in this life and forever.
19. Cleansed temple: Zechariah 14:20-21; Malachi 3:1-15
20. Twisted words: Matthew 26:60-61; 27:40

Transformed into New Life
The Doctrine of Regeneration
God created human beings for an eternal relationship with Him. However, beginning in
the garden, sin fractured that sacred bond with our Father and Creator.1 Because God is
completely holy and perfectly righteous,2 sin is incompatible with His presence.3 In our
natural sinful state, we are like a heart that is not beating—dead to God. We can do nothing
to revive ourselves and restore our relationship with Him. No noble act, payment, right
thinking, or self-help program will do what only God can do.4
Only God regenerates. In mercy and love, God sent His Son to die on the cross and pay sin’s
penalty for us.5 Through faith in who Jesus is and what He did, the Holy Spirit regenerates
those dead in sin to life everlasting. God brings new, eternal life to those born again as
only He can. Like the empty jars at a wedding in Cana or the cleansed temple court in
Jerusalem, Jesus regenerates a dead heart and a meaningless, empty life into one filled
with peace, joy, celebration, worship, and a renewed, eternal relationship with Him.
A dead heart cannot turn to Jesus for salvation. Without the Spirit’s regeneration and
creation of spiritual life within, you will not seek God or recognize the depth of your sin.6
Your feeble attempts to clean up your life and be a better person can never satisfy God’s
righteous standard.
Only God can spark spiritual life and regenerate a dead heart. The Holy Spirit awakens us
to new hope and vitality. Jesus died so we do not remain dead in our sin. God raised Jesus
from the dead so He could raise you from sin and death to live a vibrant new life in His
power.7 Jesus’s life-giving power regenerates dead hearts with new life.8
1. Sin’s damage: Genesis 3; Ephesians 2:1-6
2. God’s holiness: Isaiah 6:1-6
3. Incompatibility with sin: Psalm 5:4
4. No human effort: Ephesians 2:8-9
5. Jesus died for us: John 3:16; Romans 5:8; 8:32
6. Dead in sin: Romans 3:10-18
7. New life: Romans 6:1-14
8. Jesus’s regenerating power: John 3:6-7; 4:10; 5:24
The Greek word naos used here means “temple.” Jesus spoke of His own body as the temple.
But He also knew the Jewish temple these people so admired would be destroyed within a
generation. The symbolism of the temple pointed to Jesus. God’s glory filled the Most Holy
Place until the time of Israel’s exile.21 Now God’s glory stood present among them and before
them in Jesus. After Jesus died, rose, and ascended into heaven, the Jerusalem temple
became obsolete.22 Jesus, God’s true Temple, fulfilled everything the temple foreshadowed.
The truth about Jesus would unfold throughout His earthly ministry—Jesus is the way, the
truth, and the life.23 Jesus would demonstrate that He came to earth as the one, true God
21. God’s glory: Exodus 40:34-35; 2 Chronicles 7:1-3; Ezekiel 10
22. Temple obsolete: Hebrews 8:1-6
23. The way: John 14:6-7
50 | Lesson 3
to give life and light to all who believe in Him. Everyone who trusts in Jesus Christ shares in
His victory. As man, Jesus was filled with the Holy Spirit.24 Today the Holy Spirit lives in God’s
people—all who have received Jesus as Lord and Savior—and our bodies are His temple.25 New
life flows through Jesus, the giver of life.
More to Come – 2:23-25

Jesus’s Signs – 2:23
Though the full revelation of Jesus’s glory awaited the cross, He revealed His true identity
through powerful signs and authoritative words. While in Jerusalem, Jesus offered many signs
as He invited people to believe in Him. Jesus fulfilled His purpose as people in Jerusalem
believed in His name.
Jesus’s Scrutiny – 2:24-25

With effortless accuracy, Jesus knows the absolute truth about every human heart. As crowds
gathered and word of His miracles spread, Jesus discerned what human statistics cannot
measure. Jesus wisely determined the scope, target, and timing of what He revealed about
Himself. He knew the Jerusalem throngs sought only the spectacular and did not recognize
His unique identity. Jesus gradually revealed His message and mission to a carefully chosen
and growing circle of disciples. Still, the good news was on the move, by God’s design and
according to His plan.
Jesus disclosed who He was in timely and divinely orchestrated increments. As His public
ministry began, hints of His greatness emerged. Everywhere Jesus went and through everything
He did, His power and purpose surfaced. Jesus wields transforming authority. His power
cannot be suppressed and stands available to all who place their faith in Jesus.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus began His public ministry with a quiet miracle at a wedding in Cana. He transformed
ordinary water stored in stone jars designed for ceremonial cleansing into fine wine. Similarly,
sinful humans cannot be purified or made new through external religious ceremonies but only
through the miracle of Jesus’s transforming power and authority. Jesus then boldly entered
and cleansed the Jerusalem temple of the profiteering commerce that polluted God’s intended
purpose. Jesus came to bring a solution to sin’s corruption and purify human hearts to know
and honor God as He intended. As He performed miraculous signs to gathering crowds in
Jerusalem, Jesus discerned their shallow interest and withheld truth they would not accept.
Jesus revealed His transforming power to the world to fulfill God’s plan.
24. The Holy Spirit in Jesus: John 3:34; Luke 4:1, 14, 18
25. Temple of the Spirit: Luke 11:13; 1 Corinthians 6:19; Romans 8:16

Jesus overturns convention and expectation. He levels the field in a world where people seek to
get ahead. He honors and serves the humble, lowly, and downtrodden. He offers freedom from
the power and propensity to sin. In and through Jesus, we learn to see others as God’s children
to love and serve. The transformation He brings and that we experience rises as our spiritual
act of worship back to Him.26
Apply It
Mary turned to Jesus when a crisis dampened the joy of wedding festivities. Jesus turned
a social predicament, an inadequate supply of wine, into a miraculous expression of His
regenerating power. Jesus provided relief, joy, and evidence of His compassionate heart. The
ordinary became extraordinary. The miraculous overtook the mundane. A troubled mother
experienced relief and help from her earthly son who was truly God’s Son. God sparked new
life in water confined in jars designed to provide cleansing only God can accomplish. Jesus
instituted a new way. How have you experienced the internal transformation only God can
produce? Can you sense the new life the Holy Spirit generates within you? In what ways have
you seen God revive and change your thinking, priorities, and actions as you look to Jesus as
your source of hope? Like Mary, will you present your needs to Jesus and trust Him to supply
what only He can provide? Jesus works through the ordinary moments of life to reveal His
extraordinary power and authority.
The livestock market and money exchange at the temple courts benefited a few at the expense
of many. By stark contrast, Jesus came to earth at His expense for the good of all. He lived
with and died for fallen, sinful humankind. He exposed evil and demonstrated righteousness.
Jesus’s broken body hung on the cross, but He rose victorious over death. Jesus offered
Himself as the required atoning sacrifice for all humankind. Because of Jesus, we enjoy a
renewed relationship with God Himself. What habit or lifestyle choice would Jesus overturn
in your life? Has a festering sin or lingering distraction lured you from God? How might you,
intentionally or unintentionally, take advantage of others for your personal benefit? Jesus longs
to cleanse you from anything that dishonors God. His regenerating power compassionately
reveals sin and offers power to yield to Him in obedience. How will you respond this week to
Jesus’s gracious intervention to rescue you from sin? He will transform you from the inside out.
God accurately assesses the reality within your heart. With divine omniscience, God searches
and knows the undeniable bottom line of who you are and how you think. He knows what
you seek and why. He recognizes what you understand and what confuses you. He discerns
the authority exerting the most power over you and your daily choices. While God’s unlimited
knowledge of our inmost being can be daunting, this fact also brings comfort. God also knows
the right way and perfect timing to reveal truth so we can hear and understand. Jesus offers
transforming power to the lives of those who follow, love, and worship Him. How have you
responded to Jesus’s offer? What excuses hold you back from fully trusting Jesus? Will you ask
God to help you see and believe all He has revealed to you through His Word? What keeps you
from the Savior who loves you and longs for relationship with you?
26. Living sacrifice: Romans 12:1-2
JOHN: LESSON 4
Jesus, Nicodemus, LESSON
and John the Baptist

SCRIPTURE
JOHN 3
Lesson Questions
1. What truths from the notes or discussion on Jesus’s power and authority changed
your thinking?
2. In what ways did the lecture help you understand or appreciate God’s gift of salvation?

Nicodemus meets with Jesus who tells him about being “born again.”
3. a. What might have been Nicodemus’s motivation to approach Jesus? Why at night? (See
also John 2:13-20, 24.)
b. What is your motivation for seeking Jesus?
Lesson 4 | 53
4. a. Why would Jesus talk to Nicodemus about being born again before saying anything else?
b. What did Nicodemus reveal in verse 4 as he answered Jesus?
5. Explain what Jesus meant by the word “flesh” in verse 6? (See also John 1:14; 6:51-56, 63
and Romans 8:5-9.)
6. a. How did Jesus describe someone who has not yet experienced new birth? Why is new
birth essential? (See also John 5:24 and Ephesians 2:1, 5.)
b. According to this passage, can anyone know whether they are born again? Do you know
whether you are born again?

Jesus expands on His divine identity.
7. a. What witnesses did Jesus include when He used “we” instead of “I” in John 3:11?
(See also John 1–2.)
b. What accusation did Jesus make against Nicodemus and the Pharisees? (See also
John 1:19-28; 2:13-25.)
54 | Lesson 4
8. How does the incident involving Moses in the wilderness point to Jesus? (See also
Numbers 21:4-9.)
9. a. Describe your personal understanding of what it means to be saved. (See also Acts 4:12
and Romans 10:13.)
b. What part of your definition of “saved” puzzles you or moves you to praise God?

God gave Jesus as a gift to humankind.
10. Describe what is true of a person who believes in Jesus. (See also John 3:36.)
11. From each passage below, describe someone who does not believe in Jesus.
John 3:16
John 3:17-19
John 3:36
2 Thessalonians 1:8-9

12. How do the truths in verses 16-21 challenge or encourage you?

John the Baptist accepts his role in relation to Jesus.
13. a. What concern did John the Baptist’s disciples bring to him?
b. How did John the Baptist respond to the growing interest in Jesus?
c. In what way do you want to follow John the Baptist’s example?
14. Who did John the Baptist say Jesus is? Who do you say He is?

Jesus gives light and new life to those who believe in Him.
15. What glorious truth about Jesus most impacted you in this week’s study?
Leaders this week

56 | Lesson 4
Lecture Notes

Lesson 4 Notes
John 3
Focus Verse
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him
shall not perish but have eternal life.” (John 3:16)
Outline
● Nicodemus Encounters Jesus – John 3:1-15
● Jesus Alone Brings Salvation – John 3:16-21
● John the Baptist Exalts Jesus – John 3:22-36
Engage
Did darkness frighten you as a child? Even as adults, the darkness of today’s world alarms
us as uncertainty, violence, sin, fragility, and vulnerability surround us. Humanity’s darkness
threatens our joy, contentment, and hope for the future. Sometimes we choose physical or
metaphorical darkness to hide what we don’t want others to see, know, or believe about us.
We might even try to hide from God, who sees and knows all.
God responded to our need in a glorious way: Jesus Christ, the Light of the World, left
heaven’s glory to dispel darkness. Under the cover of night, Jesus shed light on Nicodemus’s
greatest need—to be born again. This conversation helps us understand the light of salvation
that Jesus shines on humanity. John the Baptist also aimed the spotlight on the One who
came to save. Jesus offers the world the profound gift of Himself. He bids us to believe in
Him and receive His gift. Jesus gives light and new life to those who believe in Him.
Nicodemus Encounters Jesus – John 3:1-15

Jesus increasingly attracted attention as His public ministry progressed. He cleared the
temple courts, foretold His resurrection, and performed signs that revealed His divine authority.
Everything Jesus did stirred curiosity and raised questions. Many professed to believe but
Jesus knew the truth about their hearts. Most in the gathering crowd did not truly know or
understand that Jesus was their Messiah and Savior and surrender to Him.1
Light in the Darkness – 3:1-3

Who Was Nicodemus? – 3:1
A Pharisee named Nicodemus became intrigued by Jesus. A wealthy member of the Pharisees,
a scholarly sect of Jewish leadership, Nicodemus also served as an influential member of the
1. Jesus knows hearts: John 2:23-24
58 | Lesson 4
Sanhedrin—the ruling council. Nicodemus did not oppose Jesus but neither was he convinced
that Jesus was the Messiah. Because the Pharisees had already begun to oppose Jesus,2
Nicodemus exercised guarded curiosity and discretion in meeting Jesus.
Nicodemus sought a private conversation with Jesus at night to ask his rising questions, likely
unwilling to compromise his stature among his peers and community. Little did Nicodemus
know that he would encounter the Light of the World in the darkness of that night.
Who Is Jesus? – 3:2

A well-schooled authority on Jewish scripture, Nicodemus respectfully greeted Jesus
as “Rabbi.” Nicodemus approached Jesus with a power-packed statement revealing his
understanding that Jesus’s miracles revealed divine power. Nicodemus’s words set up a basic
question every person must answer: Who is Jesus?
Jesus’s Response – 3:3

Rather than responding directly to Nicodemus’s statement, Jesus reached for this curious
Pharisee’s heart. “Jesus replied, ‘Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless
they are born again.’” As a Pharisee, Nicodemus believed religious knowledge, upright character,
and the high regard of his peers adequately prepared him to enter God’s kingdom.
Like all Jewish boys, Nicodemus had been circumcised eight days after birth, the mark of
belonging to God’s people. He lived as a devout and upright Jew and did not doubt his place
in God’s kingdom. However, Nicodemus’s conversation with Jesus took an unexpected turn.
Jesus upended Nicodemus’s preconceived ideas by unveiling his need to be born again.
Exposed to the Light – 3:4-8

Practical Question – 3:4
Nicodemus responded to Jesus’s stunning statement with a practical question. He could not
fathom the physical perplexity behind the words “born again.” Nicodemus reasoned that no
one could reenter their mother’s womb. John records multiple times when people routinely
misunderstood Jesus.3
Yet Nicodemus possibly recognized a spiritual implication within Jesus’s answer. Could Jesus’s
words mean that he lacked preparation to enter God’s kingdom despite his tidy religious
background? At this moment Nicodemus could not yet understand the spiritual truth Jesus
declared. Like every human ever born, Nicodemus did not need a second beginning; he
needed a new beginning—rebirth by the Holy Spirit.
Born of Water and the Spirit – 3:5-8

Jesus continued to add depth and clarity to His first statement. His expanded explanation
begins with a defining truth: “Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless
they are born of water and the Spirit.”
2. Rising opposition: John 2:18
3. Misunderstanding: John 2:19-21; 3:3-4; 4:10-11, 32-33; 6:32-33

Born of Water
“Water” has been understood in various ways.
Physical birth: This interpretation points to physical birth. Obviously to be saved, you first
must be born. However, it seems unlikely Jesus would emphasize such an obvious fact
with His hallmark introduction to crucial truth: “Very truly I tell you.”
Water baptism: Challenges exist with this interpretation. An outward action or ritual cannot
produce new, spiritual life.1 Rather the Holy Spirit imparts new spiritual life as only God can.2
God commands water baptism but as an outward sign of this inward reality.
God’s Word: Throughout Scripture, water often represents the cleansing, life-giving power
of God’s Word through the power of the Holy Spirit.3 Jesus declared His disciples clean
“because of the word I have spoken to you.”4 Paul said Christ gave Himself up for the
church “to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word.”5
Peter likened believers’ purity, obedience, and love for one another with being “born again …
through the living and enduring word of God.”6
1. Outward signs: Romans 2:28-29; Galatians 2:15-16; 5:1-6
2. Spirit gives life: Job 33:4; Ezekiel 36:26-28; Galatians 6:8; 1 Peter 3:18
3. Life-giving Word: Deuteronomy 32:2; Isaiah 55:10-11; John 4:10; 7:37-39
4. Cleansing Word: John 15:3
5. Cleansed church: Ephesians 5:26
6. Purifying truth: 1 Peter 1:22-23
Born of the Spirit

Jesus explained the difference between being born of flesh and the Spirit.
Being born of “flesh” points to physical birth in a physical body, which includes our will,
thoughts, and emotions. Humanity’s fall in Eden left all flesh subject to temptation, weakness,
sin, and death.4 Though Jesus descended from heaven to be born in the flesh through a human
mother,5 He is the only sinless person to ever live. Therefore, Jesus alone could offer the only
appropriate sacrifice to pay for the sin of humankind.
Being born of “the Spirit” refers to new birth by the Holy Spirit, who indwells all who believe in
Jesus as Savior. Only God can give spiritual life, which allows a sinner to be born again as a
new creation in Christ.6 In this regenerated state, God gives His redeemed children a new will to
live for Him. The Holy Spirit enables those who become a new creation in Christ to “see” God’s
kingdom. With God-given spiritual eyesight, believers understand that God has rescued them
from their sinful state and delivered them “into the kingdom of the Son he loves.”7 The Spirit
gives believers eternal life and an unending relationship with God that cannot be reversed, even
by physical death.8
4. Fall: Genesis 3
5. Word became flesh: John 1:14
6. New creation: 2 Corinthians 5:17; Ephesians 4:24; Colossians 3:10
7. Rescued: Colossians 1:13
8. Eternal security: John 10:27-29
60 | Lesson 4
Jesus compared the Spirit with the wind, an unseen but observable expression of nature.
Those born of the Spirit recognize His leading. In both Hebrew and Greek, the original
languages of the Bible, the word for spirit is also the word for wind. The Holy Spirit is as
refreshing as a cool breeze on a hot day.
The Fulfilled Promise – 3:9-15

Spiritual Ignorance – 3:9
Despite his vast knowledge of the Old Testament, Nicodemus remained perplexed. Unable
to grasp Jesus’s disconcerting words and seemingly challenged for a meaningful response,
Nicodemus simply asked, “How can this be?”
“What We Know” – 3:10-11

Despite his extensive learning, Nicodemus remained blinded by unbelief. Jesus marveled
that Israel’s teacher failed to understand what Scripture plainly promised and that Jesus came
to fulfill. By contrast, Jesus’s first disciples—unschooled fishermen—immediately left their
livelihoods to follow Him.9 Their first encounter with Jesus resulted in belief in Him as the
Messiah. Nicodemus questioned who Jesus is, whereas the disciples accepted Jesus with
childlike faith.10
Jesus exposed the root of Nicodemus’s confusion—a refusal to believe. The plural “we” in
Jesus’s statement regarding those who know and see likely includes His Father and the Holy
Spirit as well as those who already believed. Faithful followers such as John the Baptist and
Jesus’s disciples recognized God’s glory in Jesus. Conversely the Jewish leaders, including
Nicodemus, witnessed Jesus’s authority but refused to believe.
Divine Authority – 3:12-13

Belief in Jesus, the one God sent, is the only way to know and understand heavenly truth. As
their conversation continued, so did Jesus’s call for Nicodemus to believe. Jesus, the Son
of Man, came from heaven to reveal eternal truth. He challenged Nicodemus to acknowledge
His divine authority and accept Him as the promised Messiah. Jesus taught with authority. He
alone came from heaven to declare truth about Himself and His kingdom.11
The Cross to Come – 3:14-15

Reaching back to an Old Testament text that would have been familiar to Nicodemus, Jesus offered
a tremendous revelation—the redemptive work of the cross. Responding to His people’s rebellion
in the wilderness, God brought a plague of poisonous snakes.12 The dying Israelites asked Moses
to pray. God commanded Moses to make a bronze snake which illustrated the sting of sin and
death. As the snake was lifted on a pole, God promised He would heal anyone bitten who looked
at the snake. This miraculous physical deliverance received by looking at the snake pointed to
Jesus and His defeat of death on the cross, a demonstration of God’s mercy for humanity.
9. Followed the Messiah: Matthew 4:18-22; John 1:41, 49

10. Childlike faith: Luke 18:17
11. Witness to the Father: John 1:18
12. Plague of snakes: Numbers 21:6-9

Jesus told Nicodemus that He, the only Son of God, came to take our sin, death, and
punishment. He would be lifted up like the snake.13 The Israelites who obeyed God’s Word in
faith and looked at the snake lived. All who look by faith to Jesus, who bore sin’s punishment
on the cross, receive eternal life. Because of Jesus’s sacrifice, believers do not face eternal
punishment but live as God’s beloved children by the power of the Holy Spirit.14
The words “so the Son of Man must be lifted up” point first to the cross and also look ahead
to Jesus’s ascension into glory as the Son of Man and Son of God.15 To receive eternal life by
faith is to see Christ uplifted and dying for you on the cross and now ascended into heaven
alive forevermore. “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to [Him]’.16 He is our
Lord and our Savior, equal with God the Father.
Jesus Alone Brings Salvation – John 3:16-21

God chose to save us because He loves us. Willingly and obediently, Jesus Christ took on
flesh, casting His light in our dark world. He came to die in our place so we might live with Him
forever. God is love. God is light. God is our salvation.
The Love Gift: Jesus – 3:16

At this point the dialogue with Nicodemus seems to stop, and John writes words that
crystallize and summarize Jesus’s amazing message. The wonder contained in this well-loved
verse can be lost in its familiarity. Out of His great love, the Father willingly offered His only
Son to die on the cross as an atonement for our sin.17 God’s own Son suffered so that eternal
life and joy would be available to all who believed. Had God’s love for humanity been less or had
there been another way, God never would have sent His Son to die. Those who receive God’s
love gift of Jesus receive life for all eternity.
When people truly believe in Jesus, they have everlasting life now and have “crossed over from
death to life.”18 Believing this, we can live with confidence in Jesus’s profound promise: “I give
them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one will snatch them out of my hand.”19
No Condemnation – 3:17
Jesus came to earth to redeem, not condemn, humanity. Jesus came to make salvation possible.20
Death without Him – 3:18

Like two sides of the same coin, salvation for all who believe means judgment for those who
do not. All people are like sheep, prone to stray and destined to perish.21 Many people joke
13. Jesus took our sin: Isaiah 52:13–53:12; 2 Corinthians 5:21; 1 Peter 2:24
14. Salvation: John 5:24; Romans 8:1, 14-17
15. Jesus’s ascension: Acts 2:33; 5:31; Philippians 2:9
16. Jesus’s authority: Matthew 28:18
17. Atonement: John 10:11; 15:13
18. Crossed over to life: John 3:36; 5:24
19. Eternal life: John 10:28
20. Savior: 1 Timothy 4:10
21. Like sheep: Isaiah 53:6
62 | Lesson 4
about or reject the idea of hell. However the reality of hell does not change because someone
dismisses the idea. Jesus’s frequent warnings and the teaching of Scripture make judgment in
hell and the dreadful face of eternal punishment clear.22
To refuse to believe and receive God’s gift means to receive the “second death.”23 Hell
represents the eternal, conscious torment that results from rejecting Christ. Just as Scripture
describes the incomprehensible beauty and blessing of God’s eternal kingdom,24 the reality of
hell is far worse than we can fathom.25
Light Versus Darkness – 3:19-21

Jesus brings light into this darkened world. Those who reject Jesus love darkness, sin, and
rebellion against God. Only Jesus delivers people from the sin so deeply rooted within us.
He brings people out of darkness and into the light of His love. A desire for Jesus and His
power in your life indicates that you truly seek God and His goodness and light. John’s Gospel
does not record Nicodemus’s response to the truth about salvation that Jesus presented.
Later when the Sanhedrin attacked Jesus, Nicodemus called for patience in giving Jesus a
hearing.26 And after Jesus’s death, Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea took Jesus’s body
off the cross and wrapped Him in spices and linen in accordance with the Jewish burial
customs.27 Many believe that Nicodemus responded to Jesus’s offer of salvation after this
encounter but before Jesus’s crucifixion.
John the Baptist Exalts Jesus – John 3:22-36
Disciples’ Concern – 3:22-26

After His encounter with Nicodemus, Jesus left Jerusalem for the province of Judea where John
the Baptist continued to call people to repent and be baptized. During this time, Jesus baptized
people as well. Earlier, Jesus personally identified with us through His own baptism by John.28
John the Baptist’s disciples saw his influence waning as Jesus’s popularity grew. The thought
of another teacher siphoning people from the godly man they loved, admired, and followed
concerned them. They took their complaint directly to their leader.
God’s people are not immune from shortsighted envy and its divisive results. Paul admonished
the church at Corinth for their contentious alignment around their preferences.29 Jesus Himself
would admonish His disciples for lobbying for positions of prominence.30 John the Baptist
could easily have felt neglected or forgotten as the spotlight shifted to Jesus, who seemingly
owed much to John the Baptist for introducing Him to the world.
22. Eternal punishment: Matthew 7:13; 11:24; 18:6, 8; Luke 16:19-31; John 3:36
23. Second death: Revelation 20:14-15
24. Eternal kingdom: Revelation 21–22
25. Reality of hell: Matthew 13:42, 49-50; 25:41; John 8:24
26. Nicodemus calls for hearing: John 7:50-51
27. Burial customs: John 19:39-40
28. Jesus’s baptism: Matthew 3:13-17; John 1:31-34
29. Believers’ preferences: 1 Corinthians 1:10-17
30. Seeking prominence: Matthew 18:1; 20:20-22

From the Darkness of Death to the Light of Life
The Doctrine of Salvation
Nicodemus did not realize he was a man in need of Jesus’s salvation. Nicodemus and all
people enter the world as sinners deserving death. Jesus, our only hope, died in our place.
As we are born again through faith in Jesus Christ, we receive God’s gift of salvation. The
sins for which Jesus died will never rise to accuse or haunt believers again.1
Salvation in Christ brings freedom from sin’s penalty, power, and presence. Sin results in
death:2 physical death and spiritual death—eternal condemnation by God and separation
from Him. Through His death on the cross, Jesus bore sin’s death penalty for all who place
their faith in Him. Salvation from sin’s power describes the present dimension of salvation.
The Holy Spirit works within a believer to recognize and overcome sin in daily life.3 This
gradual victory over sin’s power will not be complete until we are glorified. Although we still
struggle on earth with sin’s pull and power, all Christians anticipate a future day when Jesus
ushers in a new creation and they are forever delivered from sin’s presence.4
To ignore or reject Jesus’s gift of salvation means you must bear sin’s penalty and live
under its present bondage without hope of eternal deliverance. If Jesus does not pay
the price for your sin, you must bear that burden yourself. Purpose in life and assurance
regarding eternity rest on Jesus Christ and His gift of love. Without faith in Jesus’s atoning
sacrifice and resurrection life, the grave beckons without hope.
God did not ignore our perilous state as sinners but sent His own Son to die a death He
did not deserve to give us life we could not earn. Because of Jesus, believers face the
challenges of life and the certainty of physical death with unquenchable hope. Sin’s cost is
paid. Sin’s tyranny is broken. Sin’s stranglehold will end. The glory of Christ and the wonder
of His love bring a heart of humility and gratitude for such an indescribable gift. Jesus
came to earth so we could walk in the light with Him. What a wonderful Savior!
1. Sin forgiven: Psalm 103:11-12; Isaiah 38:17; Jeremiah 31:34
2. Sin’s wages: Romans 6:23
3. Overcoming sin’s power: Romans 6; 8:1-17; Philippians 2:13; Colossians 1:13-14.
4. Sin’s presence removed: Revelation 21:1-8
John the Baptist’s Reply – 3:27-30

John the Baptist’s wise and humble reply proves his godliness, surrender, and God’s purpose for
all believers. He recognized the truth: It’s all about Jesus.
John the Baptist contentedly focused on the work God had given him.31 He repeatedly
confirmed that he was not the Messiah.32 He rejoiced when Jesus, the Bridegroom, made
Himself known.33 John the Baptist remained clear about his place and purpose—God called him
to point and make way for the One who came to save.
31. Believer’s purpose: Matthew 28:18-20; Romans 12:2
32. Not the Messiah: John 1:19-20
33. The Bridegroom: Matthew 3:1-17; Mark 1:4-11; John 1:29-34
64 | Lesson 4
John the Baptist felt utter delight when people left him to follow Jesus because he saw the
visible fruit of his obedient, God-honoring labor. John the Baptist rejoiced that God had sent
him to point others to Jesus, the Bridegroom. His role was to be a friend who brings to the
Bridegroom the bride—God’s people, the church. What a friend John the Baptist had in Jesus!
John the Baptist closed with an inspiring statement that should challenge us—“He must
become greater; I must become less.” His deepest desire was for Jesus to become greater.
If you have received Jesus Christ as your Savior and Lord, is this your life’s goal? Seeking a
following represents a true temptation. There is no higher calling than leading others to Jesus.
The Greatness of Jesus – 3:31-36

Four Qualities – 3:31-35
Four distinct qualities set our Lord Jesus Christ apart from John the Baptist.
● Jesus’s origin – 3:31: Jesus was and is above all. Jesus is from heaven; John is from earth.
● Jesus’s insight – 3:32: Jesus declared what He had seen and heard in heaven. John
the Baptist’s knowledge, while inspired by the Holy Spirit, was limited. “No one accepts
his testimony” refers to most people in John the Baptist’s day and, sadly, in our day.
Counter to the world’s thinking, John the Baptist accepted God’s Word as true. Still he
had only partial knowledge.
● Jesus’s truthfulness – 3:33: Jesus spoke the very words of God. All that Jesus says is
true. Jesus brings the “last word” of God.34
● The Holy Spirit without limit – 3:34-35: John the Baptist ministered in the Holy Spirit’s
power, but Jesus alone baptizes with the Holy Spirit. Though fully God, Jesus lived as a
man indwelt by the Holy Spirit without limit. The Father placed all things in the hands of
Jesus, His only, beloved Son.
Eternal Life – 3:36

This chapter ends with a resounding conclusion: “Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life, but
whoever rejects the Son will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on them.” One of two destinies
awaits every person. God’s wrath remains suspended over everyone who does not turn to Christ
for salvation. God’s Word could not be clearer, and His gift could not be more glorious. He wipes
away the debt and shame of sin. Jesus gives light and new life to those who believe in Him.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Nicodemus approached Jesus in the dark and was exposed to the Light of the World. In His
dialogue with this inquisitive Pharisee, Jesus outlined for all believers the necessity of being
born again to see the kingdom of God. No mere wise and righteous teacher, Jesus is God in
34. Last word: Hebrews 1:1-3

the flesh. Through faith in Jesus, believers are sealed with the Holy Spirit and promised an
eternal relationship with God beginning immediately and continuing into the heavenly kingdom.
To believe in Christ is to believe He is the Son of God. This is what you were created for. To
believe in Jesus is to lean on Him, love Him, and flourish in His light.
John the Baptist loved Jesus. God gave him the role and privilege of introducing Jesus to the
world. John the Baptist did not feel slighted by taking a secondary role but fulfilled His God-
given purpose with contentment and joy. He never sought to collect disciples for himself.
John the Baptist modeled Jesus’s call to all His followers—to share the gospel with the
world and make disciples of all nations.35
Apply It
Nicodemus, a well-educated and admired leader, lived a morally upright life. Yet he remained
a sinner in need of the Savior. He sought out Jesus with curious questions. What questions
do you have for Jesus? How do the words “you must be born again” speak to you? If you are
uncertain about the idea of new birth, will you pour out your questions to God? Faith is not a
leap in the dark but reasonable trust in eternal truth. Today God calls you to step into the light
of His truth—questions and all! How might you allow the Lord to provide necessary answers
as you trust Him? If you know Jesus by faith already, then rejoice in what you have received—
forgiveness and new life—as an amazing eternal gift from God.
Jesus spoke the truth to Nicodemus—no one may enter God’s kingdom unless they are born of
water and the Spirit. God gives everlasting life through His Word and the mysterious working
of the Holy Spirit. Today many people of the world and even in our churches, believe if they
behave well, they will earn God’s favor. At the same time, these same people hesitate to give
complete allegiance to Jesus. Jesus knows the hearts of all people—those who truly seek Him
and those who do not. Nicodemus was curious enough to seek Jesus out but not courageous
enough to walk into the light at that moment. What do you risk in following Jesus? Where do
you take your questions or concerns? Go to the source of truth and perfect wisdom. The world
is full of people who “stand condemned” and will perish unless they know and believe in Jesus.
Jesus came not to condemn the world but to save us. If you have questions, who will you speak
with regarding salvation? Will you ask God to guide you as you tell others about the salvation
that comes only through God’s Son?
John the Baptist’s example of humility and surrender should inspire us. How easy it is to seek
the attention and favor of others and to desire our fame more than God’s glory. John the
Baptist stepped up to obey God and stepped back to exalt Jesus. In what ways do you struggle
to achieve that balance? Denying self remains a constant battle, even as we seek to serve the
Lord. How willing are you to serve God and others in ways people seldom notice? How bold are
you to step up and speak out when doing so risks the criticism of others? Pointing to Jesus
represents the greatest privilege we can experience. How willing are you to shine the light on
the Light of the World? The giver of life is worthy of the wholehearted devotion of our lives.
35. Make disciples: Matthew 28:18-20
JOHN: LESSON 5
Jesus’s Witness LESSON
in Samaria SCRIPTURE
JOHN 4:1-30
Lesson Questions
1. What fresh thought or perspective about new birth in Christ from last week’s notes or group
discussion stirred your thinking or encouraged you?
2. How did a thought from the lecture expand your thinking or deepen your love for Jesus?

Traveling through Samaria, Jesus encountered a woman at a well.
3. Read 2 Kings 17:24-41 and Ezra 4:1-5. What facts about the Samaritans help explain why the
Jews did not associate with them?
Lesson 5 | 67
4. Review John 3:1-20. List the differences and similarities between the Samaritan woman and
Nicodemus, including their encounters with Jesus.
5. a. How does Jesus’s approach to His conversation with the Samaritan woman reveal
something we could put into practice?
b. What did Jesus tell the Samaritan woman she needed to know and do?
c. When and how have you awakened to this truth?

Jesus revealed to the woman the source of eternal life.
6. a. What is the main difference between ordinary water and the water Jesus offers?
b. What is symbolized by “living water”? (There are various interpretations; see also John
6:35, 7:37-39.)
c. For what things do people “thirst”? How has this type of thirst affected your life?
(See also Jeremiah 2:13.)
68 | Lesson 5
7. a. How did the woman show both belief and unbelief in John 4:15? What did Jesus say that
specified her immediate problem?
b. In what ways has Jesus led you to recognize your own most urgent need? (See also
1 John 1:8-10.)

Jesus revealed Himself as the Messiah to the Samaritan woman.
8. What difference between the way the Samaritans and the Jews worshiped did the woman
note in verses 19 and 20? Why might she have raised this point?
9. a. How did Jesus identify Himself with the Jews and God’s revelation to them?
b. What does this truth say about the importance of the Old Testament for believers today?
10. a. What kind of worshiper does God seek? (See also Romans 12:1.)
b. How might you worship God in this way?

The woman rushed into town and shared the good news of Jesus.
11. a. Why might the disciples have been surprised when they returned?
b. What does Jesus’s conversation with the woman at the well indicate about His character?
12. a. Why did the woman leave behind her jar?
b. What is the first thing she did, and what were the results?
13. What new or deeper truth does Jesus reveal to you through His conversation with this
woman?

Only Jesus can satisfy our deepest longings.
14. Through this week’s study, what has God revealed to you about your deepest longings
and satisfaction?
Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, etc.) for Group and Administrative Leaders:
John 4:1-30

70 | Lesson 5
Lecture Notes

Lesson 5 Notes
John 4:1-30
Focus Verse
“But whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give them will
become in them a spring of water welling up to eternal life.” (John 4:14)
Outline
● A Divine Appointment – John 4:1-6
● A Life-Altering Conversation – John 4:7-26
● A Transformed Woman – John 4:27-30
Engage
Everyone seeks satisfaction. Our hearts are bottomless pits of discontent. Whether we
admit it or not, we desperately strive for relief from the restless void that lurks deep within.
Children often seek satisfaction in new toys, friends, or parental approval. As we grow up,
we pursue fulfillment through education, popularity, or athletic achievements. As adults, we
think a bigger house, more money, a better job, or a healthier body will finally quench our
thirst and ease our fears of not measuring up. But inevitably, we find ourselves disappointed,
disillusioned, and exhausted. Yet we seek more. Where does true satisfaction lie?
Ministering to people, Jesus moved from a private evening conversation with a puzzled,
pious Jewish man to a tender midday appointment with a sinful, shunned Samaritan woman.
Carrying fear and shame along with her water jug, this woman encountered Jesus. He
engaged her in conversation to gently expose her sin and offer a powerful solution. He invited
her to drink from His spring of living water that would quench her every thirst and never run
dry. Jesus offers this same living water to all who come to Him. Only Jesus can fully satisfy
our deepest longings. Nothing in this world will ever be enough. Those who seek fulfillment in
Christ experience freedom and fellowship with Him. By the power of His indwelling Holy Spirit,
Jesus transforms lives. He enables His people to worship God genuinely in spirit and truth.
A Divine Appointment – John 4:1-6

John recorded the second of three successive, life-changing encounters Jesus had with
individuals:
● Nicodemus the Pharisee (3:1-21)
● Samaritan woman (4:1-30)
● Gentile official (4:43-54)
72 | Lesson 5
Though Nicodemus did not respond immediately, each of these spiritually thirsty people became
a witness to Jesus. Individually, each encountered the source of abundant life and eternal
satisfaction.1 Each represents people Jesus came to seek and save—the Jew, the Samaritan,
and the Gentile. Jesus would later command His disciples to follow this pattern in their Great
Commission—to witness “in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”2
From Judea – 4:1-3

After His nighttime meeting with Nicodemus, Jesus traveled south with His disciples from
Jerusalem to the Judean countryside. The Pharisees’ hostility toward Jesus steadily grew as they
observed His ministry. The fact that Jesus’s disciples were baptizing more people than John the
Baptist did not escape the Pharisees’ attention and caused them grave concern. Because His
rising popularity would soon provoke direct conflict with the current religious establishment,
Jesus led His disciples out of Judea toward Galilee to avoid a premature confrontation.
Through Samaria – 4:4

Though Israel was only 120 miles (190 km) from north to south, the land was divided into three
territories. The province of Samaria lay between Judea in the south and Galilee in the north. The
shortest travel route between Jerusalem and Galilee passed through Samaria. Jews, however,
often took the six-day journey around Samaria—across the Jordan River and east through Perea.
Why would Jewish travelers take this detour? Bitter distrust and conflict had long separated
Jews and Samaritans. Their fierce rivalry stretched back more than 700 years to the days of the
Assyrian Empire. Assyria crushed the northern kingdom of Israel in 722 BC, taking captive and
deporting most of the population. To replace the exiled Israelites, Assyria forcibly resettled peoples
from other conquered lands in Samaria.3 The Israelite population who remained intermarried with
imported Gentile settlers in direct violation of God’s command.4 Their descendants combined
the worship of other gods with a confused belief in the God of Israel.5 This represents the Jewish
version of the origin of the Samaritan people, while the Samaritans tell a different story. Traveling
Israelites would cross back over the Jordan toward Galilee to avoid the “contamination” of Samaria.
Samaritans accepted only the five books of Moses (the Pentateuch) as authoritative Scripture.
Centuries before, when Jewish exiles returned from Babylon to Jerusalem, the Samaritans’ offer
to help rebuild God’s temple was rejected.6 Later, around 110 BC, the Jewish king John Hyrcanus
attacked Samaria and burned down the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim. A century later,
during the period of Roman rule in Judea, a group of Samaritans defiled the Jerusalem temple
with bones of dead people.7
With this history in mind, Jesus seems to deliberately take the direct route to Galilee through
Samaria. When we read, “Now he had to go through Samaria” (emphasis added), we sense the
Lord had a predetermined appointment. Jesus broke with the bitterness of history out of divine
necessity. He intentionally bypassed centuries of hostility to reach a despised and discontented
woman to whom He would extend a gift of love.8
1. Life in His Name: John 20:31

2. Great Commission: Acts 1:8
3. Samaria settlement: 2 Kings 17:24-34
4. Intermarriage: Deuteronomy 7:3-5
5. Mixed faith: 2 Kings 17:41
6. Opposed temple: Ezra 4:1-5
7. Josephus, Antiquities 18.2.2 §22
8. Love: 1 Corinthians 13:4-8

Jacob’s Well – 4:5-6
Jesus’s route through Samaria followed the ridge of land that passed by Sychar, the location
of Jacob’s Well. Scholars today identify two possible locations for the village of Sychar:
ancient Shechem at the foot of Mount Gerizim, or modern-day Askar on the slope of Mount
Ebal. Scripture does not record Jacob digging this particular well, but Shechem was where
the patriarch Jacob first bought land in Canaan.9 Jacob seems to have included this land in
his deathbed gift to his son Joseph. When God delivered His people from slavery in Egypt, the
Israelites brought Joseph’s bones with them and buried his bones at Shechem.10 A well more than
100 feet (30 meters) deep can still be seen at this spot.
Jesus and His disciples arrived at the well at midday when the heat was most intense. Exhausted
from His long journey, Jesus needed physical refreshment. So He sat by Jacob’s Well. While the
disciples went into the nearest town to buy food, Jesus set the stage for His interaction with a
spiritually thirsty and emotionally weary woman.
A Life-Altering Conversation – John 4:7-26

Jesus’s exchange with this Samaritan woman is the Lord’s longest recorded conversation in the
Gospel accounts. Jesus loves to pursue human hearts. In this encounter, Jesus probes into the
heart of the Samaritan woman, inviting her to see what she truly desired—the “living water” that
only He provides.
Jesus Meets Us Where We Are

In John 3 and 4, Jesus encounters two vastly different people, demonstrating His love and
desire for all He meets to know and believe in Him.
Nicodemus Samaritan Woman

Came to Jesus at night Conversation at midday
Initiated conversation with Jesus Conversation initiated by Jesus
Thorough knowledge of Scripture Knew Samaritans’ mixed religion
Fully Jewish Despised Jews
Moral and religious Five failed relationships; living with man outside marriage
Highly respected man Outcast woman
Rich and influential Poor and powerless
Named Nameless
Slow to believe and receive Quick to believe and receive
Honored Jesus later Confessed and shared her faith in Jesus immediately
9. Jacob’s land: Genesis 33:18-19

10. Joseph’s burial: Joshua 24:32
74 | Lesson 5
Developing a Relationship – 4:7-9
Taking the Initiative – 4:7-8
While the disciples were in town, the woman arrived at the well. Drawing water at noon, the
hottest time of the day, was unusual. Water’s necessity for daily chores led local women to
gather early each day at the well where they could enjoy conversations with one another. Perhaps
this woman came later to avoid encountering her peers.
Imagine this woman’s surprise when she observed Jesus sitting at the well. As a Jewish rabbi,
Jesus would most likely have withdrawn 20-30 feet from the well to indicate His permission for
her to approach. Men did not usually converse with women publicly. Certainly no Jewish man
dared to speak to a Samaritan woman. Cultural limitations did not limit Jesus. Instead He took
the initiative to speak with her.
“Will you give me a drink?” asked Jesus, who was tired, thirsty, and in need of a cup of cool water.
Jesus’s desire to meet this woman’s deeper need mattered more than His thirst. Jesus knows the
hearts of all people.11 Jesus saw a wounded heart and the unsatisfied thirst of this woman’s soul.
By asking for water, Jesus placed Himself in her care. Our Lord was thoughtful, unselfish,
empathetic, understanding, and humble as He sought to win the confidence of this lonely woman.
Woman’s Reply – 4:9

Surprised that Jesus would speak to her, this woman replied, “You are a Jew and I am a
Samaritan woman. How can you ask me for a drink?” The Lord deliberately broke down
manmade cultural barriers and began His divine process of softening this woman’s heart.
Introduction to Living Water – 4:10-12

Jesus’s request spurred the woman’s interest, if not her confidence. She likely did not realize
His intent to awaken her desire for what she desperately needed. With patience and love, Jesus
progressively revealed Himself as the giver of soul-satisfying living water.
Jesus’s Offer – 4:10

Four points stand out in Jesus’s offer of “living water”:
● Living water is God’s gift.
● Living water is tied to Jesus’s identity.
● Living water is available to those who ask.
● Jesus gladly gives living water.
The woman still saw Jesus as an ordinary man. Jesus graciously revealed His true identity to her.
She needed to recognize Him as the Messiah. Only Jesus can give God’s gift of living water to
those who ask.
Living water refers to fresh, flowing spring water, rather than the still, stagnant water in a
cistern. In the Old Testament, God said, “They have forsaken me, the spring of living water, and
have dug their own cisterns, broken cisterns that cannot hold water.”12
11. Knows hearts: John 2:25

12. Living water: Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

Jesus’s offer of living water includes the Holy Spirit, who gives eternal life.13 The Holy Spirit
indwells all who receive Jesus, producing an inner spring of joy that continually renews and
satisfies the heart of the true believer.
Woman’s Reply – 4:11-12

The woman’s reply reveals that her mind remained fixed on the impracticality of Jesus drawing
fresh water from a 100-foot (30-meter) deep well. Jesus seemed to offer the impossible.
As if uncertain how to respond, she blurted out, “Are you greater than our father, Jacob?” Did
her comment express an accusative or defensive reply? Perhaps the woman’s thoughts turned
toward the promise accepted by the Samaritans that God would send a prophet like Moses—one
who could produce water out of a rock.
Divine Satisfaction – 4:13-15

Jesus answered, “Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks the
water I give them will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give them will become in them a spring of
water welling up to eternal life.”
Temporary Satisfaction – 4:13

Ordinary water cannot permanently satisfy. Earthly pleasures can only temporarily quench
thirst, and emptiness soon returns. This woman’s unhappy life left her emotionally thirsty and
continually unsatisfied. Without God, earthly gifts come up empty.
Eternal Satisfaction – 4:14

Jesus’s words reach beyond this woman to us. To drink the living water Jesus promises means
He meets our deepest inmost needs. Through faith in Jesus, we find true love, peace, joy, and
meaning. Jesus satisfies our soul’s deepest thirst immediately and eternally.
Inevitable trials come to every person. Believers find that God’s gift of living water produces
profound contentment and peace in Him no matter what life brings. As we trust Him, we gain
unshakeable confidence in His wise and loving purposes, even in our darkest hours.14
Desire for Satisfaction – 4:15

This woman’s reply represents another example of people misunderstanding Jesus by being too
literal.15 She missed the spiritual symbolism of the living water. However, Jesus, always patient,
continued to probe and stir within her a desire for continual satisfaction. As Jesus continued to
unfold His revelation of Himself, she began to want what Jesus offered and asked for this gift.
Conviction of Sin – 4:16-18

Confronting the Truth – 4:16
Always the Great Physician,16 Jesus gently opened a wound in this woman’s heart so His divine
healing could begin. “Go,” Jesus said, “call your husband.” Conviction of sin is the first step in
receiving living water from Jesus.
13. Holy Spirit: John 6:63; 7:37-39
14. Contentment: Romans 8:28; Philippians 4:11; 1 Timothy 6:6; Hebrews 13:5
15. Misunderstanding: John 2:19-22; 3:4
16. Great Physician: Mark 2:17
76 | Lesson 5
Partial Confession – 4:17a
“I have no husband,” she replied. Imagine the tension and likely shame this woman might have
felt. Yet the man standing before her came not to condemn but to save.17 She gave a truthful
but incomplete answer—the man with whom she was living was not her husband. Jesus would
expose her situation, shining His light on what she attempted to conceal.
Jesus’s Full Knowledge – 4:17b-18

Jesus knows our hearts—He understands our hurts and comprehends our sin. In the wake of five
failed relationships, this woman likely felt hopeless. Resigned to failure and scorn, she may have
seen no other choice than to live with a man out of wedlock.
Rather than condemn, Jesus called her to see her sin and her true state from God’s perspective.
In compassion, Jesus revealed He knew her completely. The secrets of her heart were open to
Him.18 Jesus’s words did not scold or condemn but offered hope. Jesus loved this woman deeply.
Knowing the worst, Jesus would offer His best.
One Worthy of Worship – 4:19-24

Misplaced Worship – 4:19-20
This woman recognized Jesus as a prophet but would discover He is so much more. Was she
repenting or changing the topic because Jesus was so close to seeing her deepest hurts? Either
way, her shift in the conversation allowed Jesus to continue to offer hope.
Like eyes adjusting from deep darkness to dazzling light, this woman could not yet fully
comprehend everything about Jesus. The only religion she had known mixed false religions and
an abridged version of the Old Testament. Samaritans believed their own version of history that
revised some facts. Their altered beliefs elevated themselves over the hated Jews and their
own Mount Gerizim over the temple in Jerusalem.
True Worship – 4:21-24

Jesus cited the past, present, and glorious future. He revealed the profound impact of living
water. A time would come when all who believe—Jews, Samaritans, and Gentiles—would
worship the one true God in Spirit and in truth.
A Prophecy – 4:21
God symbolically dwelled in Jerusalem’s temple. Jesus promised that a time would come when
there would no longer be one place of worship. All the symbolism of the temple, especially the
sacrifices, pointed toward God’s Son.19 Jesus’s sacrifice on the cross provided the only way to
renewed fellowship with God.20
God’s Revelation in the Old Testament – 4:22

As He continued, Jesus corrected the woman’s wrong assumptions. He addressed the false worship
of the Samaritans—no small matter. Jesus stated, “You Samaritans worship what you do not know;
we worship what we do know, for salvation is from the Jews.” God first revealed Himself to the
Jews and through the Old Testament. And through the Jews came the promised Messiah.
17. Save not condemn: John 3:17
18. Knows our hearts: 1 Samuel 16:7; Psalm 44:21; 1 Corinthians 14:25; Hebrews 4:12-13
19. Temple sacrifices: Deuteronomy 12:11, 13-14; 16:5-6; 1 Kings 12:25-30; Hebrews 9
20. Only way: John 14:6; Romans 5:1-2

Worship in Spirit and Truth – 4:23-24
Salvation would come first through the Jews but would not be restricted to them.21 Jesus
repeated the phrase “a time is coming.” But here He added, “and has now come.” Jesus’s
presence merged the past and the future, offering to all the world full entry into His kingdom
through faith in Him. Jesus’s perfect life, atoning crucifixion, and death-defying resurrection
and ascension inaugurated the eternal life He promised. The Holy Spirit would be poured into
believers.22 This same Spirit now lives permanently within all who receive Jesus.23 As Jesus
foretold, no temple currently stands in Jerusalem.24 The temple of God is built within the hearts of
those indwelt by the Holy Spirit,25 enabling His people to worship in Spirit and truth.
The temple of God Meet the Messiah – 4:25-26

is built within the
Woman’s Desire – 4:25
hearts of those
indwelt by the Holy The woman confessed longingly, “I know that Messiah … is coming. When he
comes, he will explain everything to us.” Though not Jewish, this woman knew
Spirit, enabling His
the Messiah was also meant for her. After Jesus had dug a well in this woman’s
people to worship heart, she revealed her real need. Jesus would reveal the real answer.
in Spirit and truth.
Revelation of Jesus – 4:26
“I, the one speaking to you—I am he.” Sometimes the simplest words carry the deepest meaning.
The Messiah—the Savior of the world, God’s only Son, the perfect Lamb—revealed Himself to this
broken, previously hopeless, lonely outcast from a small village of an idolatrous nation. She was
met and understood by Jesus. Through this unexpected, unconventional encounter, this woman
believed and trusted the Light of the World.
A Transformed Woman – John 4:27-30

Disciples Return – 4:27
Surprised and speechless, the disciples returned with their groceries. Yet no one asked what they
all wondered. Why was Jesus, a Jew, speaking to someone who was both a Samaritan and a
woman? Confused, the disciples remained unaware that this woman would soon join their cause
in telling the world about Jesus. Jesus came for anyone and everyone who would believe in Him.
New Possession – 4:28-29

This woman approached the well for physical refreshment. She left with so much more! She
encountered Jesus, her Savior. His boundless gift of eternal refreshment was not hers alone but
meant to be shared. Like the first disciples who followed Jesus, she left behind what she had.
As if on wings, she hurried to tell others the good news, “Come, see a man who told me everything
I ever did. Could this be the Messiah?”
21. First the Jews: Romans 1:16

22. Spirit poured out: Acts 2:1-4, 33; 10:45
23. Sealed by the Holy Spirit: Ephesians 1:13
24. Jerusalem temple: Matthew 24:2
25. Temple of the heart: 1 Corinthians 3:16
78 | Lesson 5
Transformed into New Life
The Doctrine of Redemption
The Samaritan woman lived an empty life carrying an empty jar. Then she encountered
Jesus—the One who offers life to the full. Enslaved by her sin and seeking fleeting
satisfaction, this outcast woman’s life seemed to offer little value in a broken world. Yet Jesus
found this woman precious in His sight, and He graciously gave of His time, His love, and His
life. Like this woman, all people are broken by sin and ripe for redemption.
The term “redemption” comes from the ancient world of commerce where enslaved people
were bought and sold. Jesus has purchased, or redeemed us, from sin’s slavery. Jesus died
in our place. His blood frees us from sin’s penalty and power—and ultimately sin’s presence.
He transforms our lives, declaring us righteous in His sight.
The Old Testament story of Hosea’s purchase of Gomer exemplifies this transaction.1 In the
New Testament, Peter advances this truth in 1 Peter 1:18-19: “It was not with perishable
things such as silver and gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed
down to you from your ancestors, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without
blemish or defect.” At the moment of our redemption, we become Christ’s possession.2 We
are redeemed from our empty lives and for belonging to Jesus.
Failure to accept Christ’s redemption leads to an empty life void of God’s forgiveness and
unable to experience God’s love or wisdom. Those who refuse Christ’s sacrifice remain under
God’s wrath and will live separated from God forever.3
Understanding the price Christ paid for our redemption magnifies His grace for sinners. God
did not abandon us to our helpless estate.4 Only through faith in God’s Son, Jesus Christ, can
our lives be redeemed and transformed. The Holy Spirit seals and indwells believers, who are
reborn into a new life and can live a life filled with joy even in the most difficult circumstances.
God’s children live as salt and light on earth,5 sharing the good news of the gospel. The
redeemed are assured they will worship in God’s presence forever.
1. Hosea and Gomer: Hosea 3:1-2
2. Christ’s possession: Romans 6:22- 23; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20; Ephesians 1:7
3. Eternal separation: Mark 16:16; John 3:18, 36; 5:28-29; 8:24; 15:6; Revelation 21:8
4. God did not abandon us: John 3:16-18
5. Salt and light: Matthew 5:13-16
People’s Response – 4:30

Filled with effusive joy, this woman’s message must have overflowed with profoundly convincing
truth.26 The same townspeople who considered her an outcast ran to meet the only One who
could satisfy their thirst. Only Jesus can fully satisfy our deepest longings. The curious
townspeople who headed to that Samaritan well found Jesus waiting, prepared to give them all
they truly needed.
26. Overflow of the heart: Matthew 12:34

Take to Heart
Hold Fast
After His nighttime encounter with Nicodemus, the respected Pharisee, Jesus chose to travel
through the forbidden territory of Samaria. By a well in the heat of the noonday, He met an outcast
woman. Jesus pursues all people—both the favored and the forgotten. A thirst that cannot be
satisfied by anything or anyone other than God abides within us. The greatest need of all people
is to know Him. Yet Jesus comes to us, and He comes for us.
Jesus shows us that we remain thirsty, like the Samaritan woman, when we search for
satisfaction apart from Him. Our sin and this world’s pleasures cannot satisfy the deepest
longings of our hearts. In loving grace and with no condemnation, Jesus lifts the cover of our
lives to expose our sin and reveal the dissatisfied heart within.
Freed from the burden of our sin, Jesus opens our eyes to new life in Him. Complete satisfaction
lies in Jesus. In Jesus, the Samaritan woman found true love, compassion, understanding,
wisdom, and power. She had a story to tell. This new, overturned, exciting life propelled her from
being rejected to telling others of the Messiah.27 The salvation Jesus brings not only deals with
sin, it enables redeemed people to walk with God.
Apply It
Do you feel like you never measure up? Who or what has continually failed to meet your
expectations? The fragmented relationships, bruised egos, and smeared reputations of this life
can paralyze us with disappointment and doubt. Jesus continues to love us in our brokenness.
He continues to pursue us. Jesus came from heaven into this shattered world to save us. He
comes to where we are to reach us as we are. His love cannot be deterred by our sin. How will
you turn to the only One who came to redeem our broken lives?
A relentless thirst grips every single person today. The pursuit of wealth, notoriety, possessions,
and acclaim leads many to want more and more, only to find that fulfillment escapes them. Jesus
alone offers what truly satisfies. Jesus knows we need more than a cool drink of water on a
scorching day. Jesus provides newfound peace and joy in this life and for eternity. Only in Him
can our souls find rest. Where do you find satisfaction—in things of God or things of this world?
Turn to Jesus. Ask Him to satisfy you with the living water that springs up into eternal life.
People who respond to Jesus’s offer of eternal life have good news to share. The Samaritan
woman did not understand everything about Jesus and eternity, but she responded in life-
transforming faith to what she did know. She ran to her town and shared what she knew. Jesus
welcomes all who turn to Him and transforms those who believe in Him to become salt and light
on earth.28 Do you hesitate to talk about Jesus because you are afraid of questions you cannot
answer? If you have accepted the living water Jesus Christ offers, you have a story to tell. Will you
turn to Him and ask to who He is calling you to share His good news? What a privilege!
27. Witness: Matthew 28:18-20; John 4:39-40

JOHN: LESSON 6
Jesus’s Journey from LESSON
Samaria to Galilee
SCRIPTURE
JOHN 4:31-54
Lesson Questions
1. How did the lecture help you recognize the love and compassion Jesus has extended to you?
2. From the notes, how were you encouraged by Jesus’s interaction with the Samaritan woman?

Jesus revealed His highest priority.
3. a. What “food” sustained and satisfied Jesus? (See also John 17:4 and Hebrews 1:9.)
b. What is your greatest source of inner joy? How does this compare with Jesus’s
highest goal?
Lesson 6 | 81
4. a. In what ways were Jesus’s disciples confused by His words?
b. What are some works God gives believers to do today? (See also Matthew 6; 28:19-20;
Acts 20:24; and any other Scriptures that come to mind.)
5. a. What typically consumes your day-to-day focus and priorities?
b. In what ways does God redirect your thinking and priorities to help you align with His
purpose for your life?

Jesus taught His disciples about sowing and reaping His harvest.
6. a. What did Jesus mean when He spoke of the “harvest” in verse 35?
b. How did Jesus expand His disciples’ vision about the harvest? (See also John 4:28-30.)
7. a. Who is the “sower” and who is the “reaper” in verses 36-38?
b. What are the “wages”?
82 | Lesson 6
c. What lessons might Christians learn from these verses?
8. In what ways do Jesus’s words about the harvest challenge, encourage, or motivate you?

Many Samaritans believed in Jesus.
9. Describe the progression of the spiritual harvest among the Samaritans recorded in
these verses.
10. In what way does this response in Samaria reflect God’s plan for the world? (See also
Acts 1:8; 8:4-8, 12.)
11. a. What do you learn from the testimony of the Samaritan woman?
b. How might God use your personal testimony to reach others with the gospel? With
whom could you share today?

Jesus healed a royal official’s son.
12. Where did Jesus travel and how was He received by the people there?

13. a. Describe the man who approached Jesus, his situation, and the request he made.
b. How would you explain the way Jesus responded to him?
14. What does this miracle teach you about the way the Lord shows grace and answers prayers?
15. How is God growing your faith today as you wait on Him to answer your most fervent prayer?

Eternal priorities matter more than temporal pleasures.
16. What truth from this lesson stands out as God’s clearest message to you this week?
Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, character study, etc.) for Group and Administrative
Leaders: John 4:31-54

84 | Lesson 6
Lecture Notes

Lesson 6 Notes
John 4:31-54
Focus Verse
“‘My food,’ said Jesus, ‘is to do the will of him who sent me and to finish his work.’” (John 4:34)
Outline
● Feasting on God’s Will – John 4:31-34
● Focusing on God’s Harvest – John 4:35-42
● Finding God’s Healing – John 4:43-54
Engage
We experience this physical world while living in bodies of flesh. The things we see and
touch often fully absorb our attention. We plan our next meal and await our next paycheck.
We walk, talk, and work as the years pass by. Daily life can utterly consume our time,
energy, and focus. How do we live in this world and figure out what really matters? Surely
God intends more for us than an inch-deep focus on this physical world. What helps us see
beyond the fleeting and visible to seek and embrace what will last forever?
Throughout John’s Gospel, Jesus sought to raise His followers’ focus from an earthly
perspective to a heavenly one. When people limited His words to the physical realm, Jesus
expanded and elevated their thinking. Jesus explained spiritual rebirth to Nicodemus, who
puzzled over physically reentering his mother’s womb. Jesus offered the Samaritan woman
living water, not just liquid water. As John 4 closes, Jesus led His disciples to see beyond
physical food to spiritual food. He directed their attention to the spiritual needs of people
around them and the eternal satisfaction of doing God’s will. Eternal priorities matter more
than temporal pleasures. May the Lord lead us to see the world and measure our lives the
way He does.
Feasting on God’s Will – John 4:31-34

God sent His Son into the world to reveal His life-giving power to real people. Through a series
of targeted encounters and meaningful conversations, Jesus engaged with people to open
their hearts to truth. He spoke to Nicodemus,1 the Samaritan woman,2 and a father in desperate
need.3 These encounters increasingly clarified the truth of Jesus’s identity and power.

2. The Samaritan woman: John 4:1-26
3. Desperate father: John 4:46-54
86 | Lesson 6
The Disciples’ Temporal Mindset – 4:31-33
When the Samaritan woman left, Jesus’s disciples implored Him to eat. To their surprise, He
replied, “I have food to eat that you know nothing about.” This perplexed the disciples, who had
returned from town with purchased food. Had someone else delivered Jesus a meal? Their
focus remained on the literal and physical rather than Jesus’s deeper spiritual meaning.4 Jesus
sought to move His disciples beyond the realm of grumbling stomachs to grasp something far
more important.
Jesus had just experienced something far more satisfying than any meal. As He spoke
with this outcast woman, Jesus saw her heart soften as she absorbed and responded to His
invitation. He watched her reach out to receive His gift and become a child of His eternal
kingdom. And then, she eagerly shared the good news with others. This woman’s budding faith
and joyful response brought deep satisfaction to Jesus.
Jesus’s Eternal Mindset – 4:34

Having captured His disciples’ curiosity, Jesus purposefully trained them. He invited His chosen
band of developing leaders to experience the permeating joy of God’s eternal work. Jesus
would entrust these very men to carry on His commission when He returned to His Father. He
told His disciples, “My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to finish his work.” Jesus
approached His earthly ministry as a divine endeavor. He desired to finish victoriously. He lived
to accomplish God’s will. Jesus’s greatest satisfaction came by accomplishing the very work
God sent Him to do.
Jesus spoke of spiritual sustenance and nourishment that far exceeded the temporary
enjoyment afforded by any earthly pleasure. Deep satisfaction came not through what He
took in, but what He gave out to others. We often struggle to understand “God’s will” for our
lives but Jesus did not. He came to earth with specific tasks God willed Him to complete.
Most importantly, Jesus came to die for the sin of humanity—a work He resolutely declared
“finished” as He hung on the cross.5 Jesus poured out life and light to many as He set His
sights on completing the work God sent Him to accomplish. Pleasing His Father brought Jesus
untold fulfillment.
Focusing on God’s Harvest – John 4:35-42
God’s Harvest Explained – 4:35-38

As Jesus and His disciples traveled, they undoubtedly passed many fields—planted, growing,
and awaiting harvest. Jesus again offered a physical illustration to teach deeper spiritual truth.
He quoted a common farming proverb, “It’s still four months until harvest.” Jesus graciously
raised the thinking of His disciples from the expected sequence of a physical harvest to the
spiritual harvest God brings in the lives of people. Farmers prepare the soil, plant seeds, remove
4. Literal not spiritual: John 2:19-22; 3:4-12

5. Finished work: John 19:30; Hebrews 12:2

weeds, pray for rain, and eventually harvest a crop. In the spiritual realm, God’s Word is sown into
human hearts.6 Sometimes people respond in faith immediately. At other times, God’s people
wait patiently for a harvest of faith. Jesus wanted His disciples to open their eyes to the spiritual
opportunities all around them.
The spiritual seed Jesus planted within the Samaritan woman’s heart had already produced
a crop ready to harvest. Jesus told His disciples, “Open your eyes and look at the fields! They
are ripe for harvest.” Perhaps at that moment, men and women streamed out from the town of
Sychar to meet the Lord. The Samaritan harvest was ready to reap. In farming the ripeness of
the crop creates urgency to reap the harvest. Similarly, God calls believers to recognize both
the fleeting nature and constant supply of spiritual opportunities. We never have a guarantee
of more time to invest in others and sow the seed of the gospel. And yet, we live surrounded by
spiritual need in people all around us.
Jesus spoke of “harvesting” people for eternal life. The “wages” those who work in the fields
receive are the joyful rewards of sharing the gospel. This remained Jesus’s constant focus. God
orchestrates a network of workers to share the labor and privilege of reaping God’s harvest.
Some plant seeds of truth that others harvest.7 One person sows, perhaps for many years and
through much prayer, while enduring hardship and great sacrifice. Then another person reaps
the harvest as people come to faith and lives are changed. The harvest of a soul for Christ
often incorporates the investments of many people. The teamwork and collaboration among
God’s people allow sower and reaper to rejoice together when God’s kingdom advances.
The harvest of God’s Harvest Experienced – 4:39-42

a soul for Christ Jesus’s disciples immediately witnessed the profound truth of His words.
often incorporates Though the disciples themselves had not personally shared the gospel in this
the investments town, they experienced an outpouring of Samaritans who believed in Jesus.
of many people. The investment Jesus made in a lonely woman reaped an amazing harvest.
The teamwork
and collaboration The Samaritan Woman’s Testimony – 4:39
among God’s people The woman Jesus gently and compassionately called to faith immediately
allow sower and shared what she knew with the people in her town. She had formerly drawn
reaper to rejoice water in the noonday heat, possibly to avoid people. Now, this woman joyfully
together when and confidently declared, “He told me everything I ever did.” She did not
God’s kingdom understand or explain the full picture of all that Jesus is and what He came to
advances. do. She simply told people she knew what Jesus did for her.
Jesus’s intimate knowledge of this woman and the depth of her pain touched
her powerfully. She wasted no time in telling others about Jesus. A personal account of a
changed life offers a compelling witness to the truth about Jesus. In a small village such as
Sychar, this woman’s reputation and past were likely common knowledge. Her testimony and
transformation were so convincing that her neighbors put down their work in the middle of the
day. They came out of the town to meet Jesus themselves. Many believed in Him.
6. Sowing spiritual seed: 1 Peter 1:23

7. Shared cultivation: 1 Corinthians 3:5-6
88 | Lesson 6
The Samaritans—Who Were They?
Samaria was the capital city of the northern tribe of Israel during the divided kingdom
period in Israel’s history. When Israel fell to Assyria, the majority of the people who lived in
the Samaritan territory were deported. Those who remained developed into an ethnically
mixed people who practiced a hybrid religion that blended aspects of Judaism with pagan
worship.1 They established Mount Gerizim as their primary worship site and rejected the
Jerusalem temple and Levitical priesthood.
In New Testament times, Jewish people shunned the Samaritans with great disdain. They
went out of their way to not set foot in Samaritan territory. Despite this, Jesus intentionally
went through Samaria to reach people there. He reversed the perception of Jewish superiority
and demonstrated that salvation was for the entire world. When Jesus commissioned His
followers before He ascended to heaven, He sent them as His witnesses in the power of His
Spirit to Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and the ends of the earth.2
1. Samaritan religion: 2 Kings 17:24-33
2. Great Commission: Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 1:8
Jesus’s Powerful Words – 4:40-41

The people of Sychar were not content merely to hear about Jesus from this transformed
woman. These Samaritans came to Jesus and urged Him to stay in their town. Surely Jesus
rejoiced at this request and the openness of these people to receive His message. For two
days, Jesus stayed and talked with the townspeople. Because of Jesus’s presence and words,
many more came to faith.
Believing and Receiving the Savior – 4:42

The Samaritans’ faith became grounded in their own personal relationships with Jesus.
Believers share the gospel with others, but true living faith cannot be a secondhand
experience. The townspeople told the woman, “We no longer believe just because of what
you said; now we have heard for ourselves, and we know that this man really is the Savior of
the world.”
This Samaritan response presents the first large group of people to receive salvation and
openly confess Jesus as Savior. These non-Jews received the truth and represented the host
of people from all nations, times, and places who come to faith in Christ. The offer of salvation
came first to the Jews, but in grace, God sent His Son to save the world.8 These Samaritans
lacked the spiritual advantages of the Jews,9 yet now boldly confessed Christ.
The Jews, through whom the good news of salvation came, remained largely indifferent to God’s
gift. Those called “the first” ignored or despised the Savior, while “the last” pressed forward.10
8. Savior of the world: John 3:17

9. Jewish advantage: Romans 3:2; 9:4
10. First and last: Luke 13:29-30

God’s Lavish Blessings to the Undeserving
The Doctrine of Grace
Everything God does reflects all that He is. His actions toward humanity reveal His
character. By nature, God is gracious—inclined to offer blessings and favor to the
undeserving. God’s grace refers to His bestowing of benefits that are not earned or
merited by human effort. By God’s grace, the beauty of His creation reveals His creative
power and majesty to all humanity. Believers and unbelievers alike experience sunrises,
sunsets, and rain that waters dry ground. The most powerful expression of God’s grace is
seen in the sacrifice of God’s Son to redeem people enslaved by sin and death. God extends
grace to the unworthy by offering salvation and spiritual blessings that cannot be earned.
Salvation in Christ comes by grace through faith.1 If human goodness or works could earn
salvation, it would not be by grace. Because God is the author of salvation and provides
everything a sinner needs to receive eternal salvation, all the glory goes to Him. Sinners are
saved because of God’s unmerited favor toward us in Christ—which cannot be earned.2 God’s
grace not only brings sinners salvation, but also sustains them in life and for eternity.3
To fail to understand or appreciate God’s grace means living life trying to earn God’s favor
or completely ignoring Him. Because the best we can offer God is flawed and inadequate,
attempts to earn His favor will always come up short. We try to feel better by comparing
ourselves to others we deem worse than we are. Without seeing God as inherently gracious,
we wrongly think He is harsh and punitive rather than kind and welcoming.
God’s posture toward humanity is utterly gracious. He knows the depth of our neediness.
He moves toward us to meet us where we are and give us what we need. To relish God’s
grace, we must realize we deserve nothing but judgment. When God opens our eyes to
recognize His grace, we see His ongoing care and provision in salvation and daily life.
Proper understanding of God’s grace regularly moves our hearts toward humility and
worship. We experience peace because of God’s grace. We depend on God’s grace and
trust Him for all we truly need. By grace, when God looks at a believer, He sees only Christ’s
imparted righteousness, which cannot be earned. All praise and glory belong to the God
of all grace!
1. Grace in salvation: Romans 3:21-24; Ephesians 2:8-9; 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 2:11
2. Salvation cannot be earned: Romans 4:1-8
3. Sustaining grace: John 1:16; 1 Corinthians 15:10; 2 Corinthians 12:9; Hebrews 4:16; 2 Peter 3:18
In the early days of the Church, many Samaritans turned to Christ.11 These two days Jesus
spent in Sychar laid the foundation for the belief of many to follow. One sinful woman’s faith in
Jesus as Messiah became the turning point for an entire town. Is it any wonder Jesus “had” to
go through Samaria?12
11. Samaritan believers: Acts 8:5-25

12. Through Samaria: John 4:4
90 | Lesson 6
Finding God’s Healing – John 4:43-54
Jesus Returns to Galilee – 4:43-45

After two days, Jesus traveled to Galilee where the people welcomed Him. Jesus taught that
a prophet is not honored in His own country. This inclusion probably reflects a contrast with
the reception in Samaria. Many of the Galileans had witnessed all Jesus had done while in
Jerusalem for the Passover feast.13 Though rejection escalated as Jesus’s ministry progressed,
the Galileans received Him at this point.
Jesus Heals the Royal Official’s Son – 4:46-54

This encounter represents yet another gracious revelation from Jesus that affirms who He is
and calls people to belief. John’s presentation of Jesus includes relational conversations that
reveal truth about Jesus.
Jesus’s Conversation with a Desperate Father – 4:46-49 Difficulties we

Jesus returned to Cana where He had turned water into wine.14 A royal official cannot control
approached Jesus with an intense personal need. John’s account reveals strip us of
only essential facts about this man. He lived at Capernaum, roughly 20 miles pretense, pride,
(about 30 km) from Cana. A loving father, he desperately worried about his and independence.
son who lay ill—seemingly with no hope for recovery. When the royal official
heard that Jesus had returned to Galilee, he left his sick son and traveled to
Cana to see Jesus. This father faced a need that neither his position nor power could resolve.
Difficulties we cannot control strip us of pretense, pride, and independence. The man begged
Jesus to come and heal his son who was near death.
Jesus’s reply to this man’s desperate cry for help may seem at first strange or even harsh.
Jesus answered, “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will never believe.” We must
realize Jesus intended to heal the boy, but His greater priority was to awaken faith in the royal
official. The “you” in Jesus’s statement is plural, indicating He also spoke to the unbelieving
people in His presence.
The man must have felt the sympathy and compassion in Jesus’s words. He persistently
begged for Jesus to come to Capernaum before his son died. The cry of his heart exceeded
a desire to observe miraculous wonders. Through His next words, Jesus encouraged this
desperate father to take the next step of faith.
Jesus’s Challenge to a Father’s Faith – 4:50-54

Jesus’s reply communicated His authority and healing power. He told the man, “Go, your son
will live.” With His answer, Jesus called this father to believe without visible proof.15 The father
had to trust that Jesus could heal his son from afar. Jesus invited him to fasten his faith solely
on God’s word and power.
13. Passover in Jerusalem: John 2:13-25
15. Faith not sight: 2 Corinthians 5:7

The official took Jesus at His word and departed for Capernaum. His budding faith sprang into
action. On his way home, the man’s servants met him with news of his son’s recovery. He asked
when his son revived and noted the healing occurred at the exact time Jesus spoke to him.
This man of high standing came to Jesus with a frantic physical need. Jesus challenged his
faith. Because he trusted the Lord’s promise, he experienced the joy of Jesus’s power and
compassion on his behalf. Jesus not only met an intense physical need in the royal official’s
family, but also met their desperate spiritual need; the man and his entire household came to
saving faith in Jesus. God often uses difficult circumstances to identify our spiritual needs and
build our faith. The son’s physical life was spared, and the entire family experienced spiritual
new life through faith in Christ.
John recorded this miracle as Jesus’s second “sign” after coming from Judea to Galilee. The
Gospel writer continues to make a case for Jesus’s identity, power, and authority to call people
to believe in Him.
Jesus met temporary, physical needs with a constant eye on spiritual, eternal priorities. He called
earthbound people to look beyond this world’s joys and challenges to focus on weightier eternal
matters. Nothing is more important than doing God’s will. Jesus resolutely stayed the course
to go where the Father sent Him and accomplish His plan. Eternal priorities matter more than
temporal pleasures. By God’s grace, He turns our focus to what truly counts for eternity.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus’s disciples returned from the town of Sychar with food just as Jesus had finished His
life-changing conversation with the woman at the well. The disciples offered Jesus physical
nourishment, but He called them to a richer sustenance. Jesus’s “food”—His deepest source
of soul satisfaction—came from doing His Father’s will. Nothing in this world compared to the
pleasure of obeying His Father and completing His assigned work.
Jesus taught His disciples by comparing a farmer’s physical harvest with the spiritual harvest
of people coming to saving faith. While farmers follow an expected progression from soil to
seed to harvest, the spiritual “fields” before the disciples were already ripe for reaping. Jesus
raised His disciples’ awareness of the spiritual needs and opportunities all around them. He
described the joy of harvesting souls for God’s kingdom. Jesus explained the collaborative
efforts of those who sow and reap as people come to faith. He challenged His followers to set
their sights on the spiritual investment He was calling them to make in people with desperate
spiritual needs.
In an immediate and visible demonstration of this truth, many Samaritans came to faith in
Christ. Some believed based solely on the testimony of a woman who was transformed by
Jesus at the well. Jesus stayed there two days and personally invested in the people in Sychar.
Many more believed.
92 | Lesson 6
Returning to Galilee and the town of Cana, Jesus met a royal official with a desperately ill son.
This father begged Jesus to heal his dying son. Jesus spoke targeted words that stimulated
this father’s faith. Jesus pronounced that the boy would live and sent the man home with
newfound faith. Indeed, the boy revived at that exact moment. The man and his entire family
came to faith in Christ because of this sign of Jesus’s power and authority.
Apply It
How have you experienced the incomparable delight of obeying God? This world offers
many brands of supposed satisfaction and fulfillment. We often seek identity and purpose in
education, jobs, entertainment, positions of influence, and much more. Jesus helps us realize
He has so much more for us than the temporary happiness and fleeting pleasure this world
offers. Jesus thrived on doing His Father’s will and He wants us to flourish by pursuing what
really matters. While God’s will for us may sometimes seem like an elusive pursuit, what He
wants most is for our hearts to so long for Him that nothing else compares to pleasing Him.
In what way has God nourished your soul as you value His treasures more than this world’s
pleasures? What helps you keep your eyes on the higher prize when this life’s cares encroach
on your time and focus?
The Samaritan woman did not know everything about Jesus but boldly testified to His power
in her life. Never underestimate the power of your story. How has Jesus transformed your life?
In what way has the gospel entwined with your call to believe and follow Christ? Who needs to
hear what you know about Jesus? God has uniquely positioned you to proclaim boldly what you
do know to people who do not know Christ. The gospel represents the power of God to set sin’s
captives free. Tell people what Jesus has done for you. You never know what God will do with
your story.
God builds His kingdom through a network of people who care about eternity and people. God
is calling you to invest in His harvest. Whether you pray for someone for many years or offer a
passing comment in a daily conversation, God weaves our investments into His harvest in His
time. You may teach students who do not seem to listen. You may pray for family members
and look for opportunities to speak into their lives. We should not take credit for what we
are privileged to reap or sense failure when visible results seem few. What do you do if you
constantly sow but never seem to reap? Keep on sowing. Only eternity will measure the fruit
God will bring from your spiritual investments in people around you. God can be trusted with
whatever you invest in His kingdom.
The Lord faithfully invites us into deeper faith. Jesus knew what the royal official needed
to hear and experience to seek Him and grow in faith. God may use hardship, blessings,
challenges, or joys to reveal Himself. God loves us enough to allow us to run out of human
solutions so we will seek Him. What has God used in your life to rob you of self-sufficiency and
draw you to Himself? What situation has revealed your desperate need for what only God could
provide? As you live and pray for those you love, ask God to use whatever it takes to build faith
in Him. God controls what we cannot. He works in ways that reveal both our neediness and His
transformative power. When will you look to the Lord for strength you lack and answers you
need? No matter what we face, our highest calling is to trust God.

JOHN: LESSON 7
A Sabbath LESSON
Healing SCRIPTURE
JOHN 5
Lesson Questions
1. How did the lecture stretch your thinking about true faith?
2. What challenging or encouraging truth in the notes spoke to a need or concern in your life
this week?

Jesus healed a lame man beside the Pool of Bethesda.
3. Describe the physical, emotional, and spiritual condition of the man Jesus healed.
Lesson 7 | 95
4. a. Why would Jesus ask the question recorded in verse 6? What did the man’s answer reveal?
b. Give the specific commands Jesus spoke when He healed this man and what these
commands required.
c. When the man later found Jesus, what did Jesus tell him to do? What might this mean?
5. How has Jesus given you direction or help when you were without answers or hope?

Jesus defended His God-given authority to the questioning Jewish leaders.
6. From verses 16-18, how did the Jewish religious leaders respond to Jesus?
7. a. What truths about the relationship and work of the Father and Son do you gather from
verse 17?
b. How are you helped by understanding that God is constantly active even when you fail
to recognize what He is doing?
96 | Lesson 7
8. List the aspects of Jesus’s divine authority that He describes in the following verses:
5:19-20
5:21, 24-26
5:22, 27-30
5:23
9. What is your proper response to these aspects of Jesus’s deity and divine authority?

Jesus offered four witnesses that testify to His authority.
10. What confirming testimony does Jesus offer in these verses and why is each important?
5:33-35
5:36
5:37-38 (See also Matthew 3:13-17; 17:5.)
5:39 (See also Luke 24:27.)
11. What or whom has God used in your life to confirm the truth about who Jesus is?

12. Why is it important to believe that Jesus is God’s Son—equal to the Father in power and
authority?

Jesus rebuked the Jewish leaders for their unbelief.
13. a. What reasons did Jesus give in this passage for people’s refusal to believe?
b. How might you pray for people you know who do not believe in Jesus?
14. What warnings can you draw from Jesus’s description of the religious leaders’ response
to Scripture?
15. Why is it impossible to truly love God and reject or ignore Jesus?

Jesus’s deity establishes His authority.
16. What was the most surprising or wonderful truth you learned or pondered about Jesus?
Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, etc.) for Group and Administrative Leaders: John 5

98 | Lesson 7
Lecture Notes

Lesson 7 Notes
John 5
Focus Verse
“Whoever does not honor the Son does not honor the Father, who sent him.” (John 5:23b)
Outline
● Jesus’s Demonstration of Divine Authority – John 5:1-15
● Jesus’s Claims of Divine Authority – John 5:16-47
Engage
People make all kinds of claims. Companies market their products by promising incredible
results, which may or may not prove reliable. How can we know if any of the information
provided is factual? Governments claim the right to collect taxes and expect compliance
with established laws. Citizens demand personal rights such as ownership of land or
property. The legitimacy of any claim depends on the authenticity behind that declaration.
A claim must prove true to be real. In a world where people claim so many things, we often
struggle with knowing what to believe and whom to trust.
In John 5, Jesus made bold pronouncements that rattled His hearers, inciting opposition.
He healed a lame man and indicated His authority to forgive sin. He explained the unified
work of God the Father and His Son. He even cited witnesses to verify His claims. Jesus’s
enemies recognized His words as a proclamation of His deity and were offended; what
right did this upstart man have to say such things? Jesus’s declarations forced deep
thought and ultimately a decision. To comprehend Jesus’s authority, we must recognize
Him for who He really is. Jesus’s deity establishes His authority. The claims of Christ are
not empty. He spoke unshakable truth.
Jesus’s Demonstration of Divine Authority – John 5:1-15

Chapter 5 begins a new section of John’s Gospel. As both faith and unbelief grew, so did
conflict. The scene shifts from personal conversations to public disputes. As Jesus’s light
shone brightly, the darkness of unbelief deepened. No one can remain neutral about Jesus. By
the end of this chapter, Jesus’s enemies threatened His life.
The Man’s Condition – 5:1-5

Jesus traveled to Jerusalem for one of the Jewish feasts and passed the Pool of Bethesda,
located near the “Sheep Gate.” The accuracy of John’s description of this pool with five covered
100 | Lesson 7
porches remained disputed until archeologists discovered the five-sided pool in the 19th
century. Today many visit this site in Jerusalem.
Crowds of disabled people gathered at this pool, believing an angel occasionally imparted
healing powers to the waters. Jesus did not address all the needs surrounding Him. One man
among the crowd of blind, lame, and paralyzed people captured the attention of Jesus. We do
not know why He singled out this man, who had been an invalid for 38 years, as the recipient of
His compassion and healing.
The Lord’s Compassion – 5:6-7

Jesus saw and sought out this man. He did not waste time on small talk but, instead, asked
a penetrating question: “Do you want to get well?” Jesus’s question may seem strange to us.
This man’s obvious physical condition and his presence at this pool would seem to indicate
a desire to be healed. How did the question impact a man likely accustomed to hearing daily
conversation about physical ills and life’s hardships? Sometimes seeking health and wholeness
represent responsibility or effort that weary people cannot muster.
Jesus recognized this man’s physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. The lame man’s answer
to Jesus’s question revealed his hopelessness and isolation. He could not get into the water
fast enough when the supposedly healing ripples erupted, and he had no one to help him. He
did not realize that humanity’s source of hope and healing—Jesus—stood before him.
The Call to Action – 5:8

Though the lame man did not recognize Jesus or ask for healing, Jesus challenged him to
take action and risk obedience. The Lord issued three commands, each rich in spiritual
significance.
● “Get up!” – Jesus’s words communicated power that demanded a response,

mysteriously combining His healing power and this man’s effort. Jesus offered His
healing power to legs that had not borne weight for 38 years.
● “Pick up your mat” – Jesus invited this man to move forward from dependence
upon others while offering him the strength to do so. This command later invited the
condemnation of the religious leaders.
● “Walk” – No longer immobilized in a hopeless state, the man heard Jesus call him
to step beyond where he had been stuck. He could choose a new life with all the
responsibilities of a whole body and personality.
The Changed Life – 5:9-15

In response to Jesus’s power-filled commands, the man was instantly healed. Jesus’s divine
method of healing had nothing to do with the tradition of the pool’s healing power. The man
picked up his mat and began to walk, demonstrating faith and obedience with action. Without
physical therapy or gait training, his formerly lame legs sprang to life.

Verse 9 adds an ominous and significant detail: “The day on which this took place was a
Sabbath.” The newly healed man met immediate opposition as the religious leaders confronted
him about carrying his mat on the Sabbath. Instead of rejoicing at this man’s glorious
restoration, those entrusted with Israel’s spiritual leadership saw only their broken rules.
The formerly lame man did not know who Jesus was, but Jesus later found him again and
urged him to “Stop sinning, or something worse may happen to you.” This command may have
referred to a particular habit of sin, but it more likely represented a call to repentance and faith
in Christ. We cannot clearly conclude whether this man trusted in Jesus for salvation, but he
did identify Jesus to the religious officials as the one who healed him.
With purposeful compassion, Jesus sought out a crippled man accustomed to rejection and
stuck in desperation. This physical healing points to the spiritual healing God has entrusted to
His Son. All humans are born spiritually blind, paralyzed by sin, and unable to come to God on
our own. Jesus has authority to heal bodies and forgive sin. As we trust in Jesus, He enables us
to live for Him with all we say and do. His compassionate invitation to sinners continues: “Do
you want to get well?”
Jesus’s Claims of Divine Authority – John 5:16-47
The Controversy – 5:16-18

The Ten Commandments provide core principles for wholeheartedly loving God and others. The
fourth commandment states God’s desire that His people set the Sabbath apart from all other
days of the week.1 God intends the Sabbath day to be a delight not a burden.2 Ordinary work
stops so people can focus on loving and worshiping God.3
Did Jesus intentionally seek to expose the legalism of the Jewish religious system by healing
on the Sabbath? The law of Moses ordained one day in seven for rest as a sign of Israel’s
covenant. By the time Jesus came to earth, Jewish religious traditions exceedingly multiplied
the original constraints of the law. The code of Jewish law, known as the Mishnah, describes
39 activities as work on the Sabbath, including plucking grain, hunting, sewing two stitches,
or writing two letters.4 Additional man-made regulations forbade carrying a small item,
administering medicine, or attempting to heal on the Sabbath. The Sabbath became a burden
God never intended, which distorted His original intent for His people. Jesus loved and fully
obeyed God’s law; He never encouraged anyone to dismiss or treat God’s law casually. The
healed man did not break God’s law but simply carried his mat.
The religious leaders questioned Jesus about this healing. Jesus responded with a bold
statement packed with deep truth about His union with His Father: “My Father is always at his
work to this very day, and I too am working.” Jesus’s words express the mysterious oneness of
purpose the Father and the Son share alongside their constant activity, most of which humans
1. Sabbath set apart: Genesis 2:2-3; Exodus 20:8-11; 31:12-17

2. Delight of the Sabbath: Isaiah 58:13-14
3. Work stopped: Nehemiah 13:15-19; Jeremiah 17:19-27
4. Mishnah, Shabbat 7.2
102 | Lesson 7
fail to recognize. God rested from His work of creation on the seventh day.5 However, God
never ceases to protect, preserve, and direct His creation.6 Babies are born, crops grow, and the
wind blows on the Sabbath just like every other day. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit constantly
work together to redeem and restore humanity from sin’s curse.7 In this very moment, the Lord
Jesus Christ is “sustaining all things by his powerful word.”8
The Jewish leaders immediately grasped Jesus’s claim to equality with God. Jesus’s statement
accelerated their opposition. From this time on, they planned to kill Him.
The Claims of Divine Authority – 5:19-30

In this powerful discourse, Jesus explained His union with His Father and some specific
ways He exercised His authority as God’s Son. Jesus’s detailed explanation proves His equality
with God.
Jesus’s Union with the Father – 5:19-20
The Surrender of the Son – 5:19

Jesus emphasized the absolute truth of His claims by stating, “Very truly I tell you.” Jesus
exercises submission to His Father in everything He says and does.9 He stated, “The Son can
do nothing by himself.” Jesus never seeks His own advantage in a self-serving manner. The
Lord did not mean He could not do anything on His own initiative so much as He would not.
Complete dependence on His Father not only keeps Jesus from acting on His own, but also
allows Him to actively accomplish everything His Father planned. The harmony between God
and Jesus cannot be overstated, while the distinctiveness between them remains mysterious.
The Solidarity of the Father – 5:20

Jesus explained three ways He and His Father remain united.
● First, love defines the relationship between the Father and the Son. Through Christ, this
deep, personal love extends to all whom the Father has given Him.10
● Second, the Father and the Son share complete, mutual knowledge and full disclosure
about all matters. All the Father does, the Son knows, shares, and does as well. Jesus
does state that some things rest with His Father’s discretion. The timing of His return,
for example, is His Father’s business.11
● Third, greater works of divine power were yet to come. The Sabbath-day healing
foreshadowed even greater signs of Jesus’s oneness with His Father. This likely refers
to Jesus’s power over death,12 the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and the birth of the
Church.13
5. God rested: Genesis 2:1-3

6. God’s sovereignty: Psalm 104:27-30
7. Sin’s curse: Genesis 3
8. Sustaining power: Hebrews 1:3
9. Jesus’s perfect submission: Philippians 2:6-8
10. Father’s love: John 17:24-26
11. Timing of Jesus’s return: Matthew 24:36; Acts 1:6-7
12. Power over death: John 11; 20
13. The Spirit and the Church: Acts 2

Jesus’s Divine Authority – 5:21-30
Jesus backed up His claim of union with His Father by citing rights He exercises equally with
His Father.
Jesus’s Authority to Give Life – 5:21 with Illustration in 5:24-26

Jesus explained, “For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son
gives life to whom he is pleased to give it.” The Father and the Son give physical and spiritual
life. Jesus gave renewed physical life to the lame man. Even more, Jesus grants eternal life to
all who place their faith in Him.14 Jesus sets believers free from condemnation, without fear of
final judgment or eternal death.15 The one who trusts in Jesus awaits a future resurrection and
a glorified body for all eternity.16
Jesus’s Authority to Judge – 5:22 with Illustration in 5:27-30

Jesus sets
Jesus’s authority as humanity’s judge demonstrates His equality with God. His
believers free from
just judgments, unlimited knowledge, and infallible justice flow from this perfect
condemnation,
relationship. With God’s authority, Jesus—the Son of Man—will make the final
without fear of final determination regarding the eternal destiny of everyone who has ever lived.
judgment or eternal
death. All people will hear Jesus’s voice and the dead will be resurrected. Some will
rise from their graves to receive eternal life and salvation while others will face
eternal death.17 In context, to do “good” refers to coming to Christ as the
source of all goodness and life. God views turning away from Jesus’s gracious offer of eternal
life as evil.18 The choice to follow Jesus or reject Him determines the kind of resurrection
you will experience. Now is the time to hear and respond to Jesus’s words.19 Eternity holds no
second chances.
Jesus’s Right to Receive Honor – 5:23

No one can honor the Father without giving honor to His Son. Jesus’s union and equality with
His Father signifies His worthiness to receive honor. To reject Jesus is to turn away from the
Father because Jesus provides the only way to God.20 God and Jesus cannot be separated. If
you do not love Jesus, you cannot claim to know God. Some people comfortably think about
God, but stumble over Jesus, whose death confronts their sin and demands a response.21 Most
of the people who came near Jesus when He walked on earth failed to recognize Him for who
He is—God in the flesh. Heaven’s songs resound with eternal praise for Jesus, God’s Son. The
Son of God, who came to earth and paid sin’s price to redeem humanity, deserves honor and
worship now and forever.
14. Eternal life through the Son: John 10:28

15. No condemnation: Romans 3:22-26; 8:1
16. Resurrected body: 1 Corinthians 15; Philippians 3:20-21
17. Resurrection: John 5:28-29
18. Turning away from Jesus: John 3:18-21, 36
19. Now is the time: 2 Corinthians 6:2
20. Only through Jesus: John 14:6
21. Jesus, the stumbling stone: 1 Peter 2:1-8
104 | Lesson 7
The Father and Son—Equal in Power and United
in Purpose
The Doctrine of God the Father
How can we understand what God is like? God the Father, the author of creation, can only
be known and understood through His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ.1 The unity of God the
Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit represents a mystery that transcends human
understanding. Jesus came to earth to reveal His Father’s heart and accomplish His work
of redemption on our behalf. Out of abounding love, Christ’s costly sacrifice made a way
for sinners to enjoy restored fellowship with their Creator. Believers delight in calling God
“Abba, Father,” the same name for God that Jesus Himself used.2
Failure to look to Christ for salvation means living life and facing eternity with a broken
relationship with God. Our heavenly Father created every human with an eternal soul
designed for communion with Him. Words cannot fully capture the present and eternal
loss that results from rejecting God’s love through Christ. You cannot know God without
receiving Christ as His Son and your Savior.
God created all people in His image—made to be in relationship with Him. Knowing,
worshiping, and glorifying God represents your highest calling and greatest joy. You can
intimately know God’s immeasurable greatness, unconditional love, and amazing grace
when you come to Him through His Son. How has Jesus opened your eyes to His provision of
rich fellowship with God the Father? In what ways does Jesus’s sacrifice reveal God’s infinite
majesty to you? The Holy Spirit awakens our hearts to embrace Jesus’s sacrifice, which opens
the way for rich fellowship with God the Father. What amazing truth! What an amazing God!
1. Jesus reveals the Father: Matthew 11:27; John 1:14, 18; 14:6-11; Philippians 2:6-11; Colossians 2:9-10; Hebrews 1:2-3
2. Abba, Father: Mark 14:36; Romans 8:15; Galatians 4:6
The Confirming Witnesses – 5:31-47

Jesus backs up His divine credentials with the testimony of four reliable witnesses. Though
the Lord’s testimony about Himself carried sufficient weight, Jesus provided additional
witnesses to validate His claims.
John the Baptist – 5:33-35

God sent John the Baptist to point to Jesus.22 John the Baptist testified to Jesus boldly,
bravely, and often. Jesus said John the Baptist was “a lamp that burned and gave light, and you
chose for a time to enjoy his light.” Many rejoiced in John the Baptist’s witness. Jesus spoke
of him in the past tense, which indicates that King Herod had imprisoned and perhaps already
executed John the Baptist. Jesus’s words extend an unspoken challenge regarding the religious
leaders’ response to John the Baptist’s testimony.
22. John the Baptist’s testimony: Matthew 3:3, 11-12; Luke 1:17, 76-77; 3:16-17; John 1:19-34

Jesus’s Works – 5:36
Jesus stated that His own works offered a testimony “weightier than that of John.” The
miracles Jesus performed attested to His divine authority. The Sabbath healing, intentionally
suppressed and contested by the religious officials, presented evidence of His deity. Jesus
did things only God could do. His “signs” revealed not only His unlimited supernatural power
but also His compassionate heart for needy people. Jesus’s miracles validated His identity as
God in human flesh. Jesus demonstrated works that pointed to the ultimate work He came to
finish—His death and resurrection.23
The Father – 5:37-38

The Father Himself testified regarding Jesus’s authority. When did this happen? Jesus is
possibly referencing His baptism, when God's voice declared, “You are my Son, whom I love;
with you I am well pleased.”24 This acclamation was repeated at Jesus’s transfiguration.25 The
Father’s commendation permeated all of Jesus's works and words.
The Scriptures – 5:39-47

The Jewish officials Jesus addressed diligently studied the Old Testament Scriptures. Jesus
pointed out that when they rejected Him, they shunned the very Messiah the Scriptures
proclaimed. Though people did not fully understand everything the Old Testament proclaimed
about Messiah, Scripture clearly pointed to Jesus.26
Jesus, in a scathing indictment, exposed the fundamental problem of these proud religious
leaders. They refused to come to Jesus for life and did not have God’s love in their hearts. They
accepted spiritual frauds and promoted empty religious practices but rejected God’s Son. They
did not seek God’s glory because they preferred the honor of other people. They refused to
honor Jesus by believing in Him.
Jesus boldly confronted His accusers with undeniable truth. The Son of God who came to
earth speaks and works in perfect harmony with God the Father. Jesus’s deity establishes His
authority. Reliable witnesses and Jesus’s works confirm His equality with God.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus noticed and healed a man beside the Pool of Bethesda who had been lame for 38 years.
When Jesus asked him if he wanted to get well, the man shared his desperate plight. He had
no one to put him into the pool when the waters rippled. In response to Jesus’s power and
authority, this man went from victim to victor. Jesus commanded him to stand up, pick up his
mat, and walk. When the Jewish religious leaders saw the healed man carrying his mat, they
23. Jesus’s work: John 4:34

24. Jesus’s baptism: Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:22
25. Jesus's transfiguration: Matthew 17:1-5; Mark 9:2-7; Luke 9:28-35
26. Testimony of Scripture: Luke 24:27
106 | Lesson 7
accused him of breaking their Sabbath laws. The healed man pointed them to Jesus as the one
who had healed him.
Offended by Jesus’s merciful act of healing on the Sabbath, the religious leaders began to
persecute Jesus and make plans to kill Him. Jesus, with unwavering forthrightness, offered
claims of His divine authority and equality with God. As Lord of all, including the Sabbath, He
had every right to do what He was doing on that day.27 Jesus cited His unity of purpose and
constant alignment with His Father in accomplishing His work. Jesus’s authority to give life,
render judgment, and receive honor all point to His deity. Additionally, Jesus listed confirming
witnesses to verify His divine identity. John the Baptist, Jesus’s works, His Father, and the
Scriptures all corroborate who Jesus is.
Jesus concluded His conversation with these fault-finding religious leaders by exposing
their own hypocrisy. They could not hide behind their outward vigilance to uphold God’s law.
Although they claimed to honor God, they refused to accept Jesus as Messiah—proof that they
did not truly believe the Scriptures or love God. No one who rejects Jesus actually loves God.
Jesus’s authoritative words and healing power prove that He is who He claimed to be—the Son
of God. Jesus is worthy of worship and honor.
Apply It
Among a crowd of needy people, Jesus set His gaze and compassion upon a lame man stuck
in a hopeless situation. He healed a man who found unexpected help. This man received new
life on the Sabbath. Sometimes we find ourselves caught in challenges where resolutions
seem impossible. Jesus did not heal every broken body gathered around that pool. While Jesus
does not promise a remedy for our every woe, we can know that, like this man, Jesus sees us
right where we are lying. There is no situation too hopeless for Jesus to transform. Difficult
circumstances reveal our helplessness and invite us to seek the Lord. Even when our challenges
remain, God provides the strength we need to trust Him and His purposes. What situation are you
facing that invites you to look to Jesus, not human solutions? How will you find comfort knowing
that Jesus sees you, understands your struggle, and wants to help you?
Do you ever wonder why God does not decisively intervene to alleviate human suffering, right
wrongs, and end injustice? How might a lingering struggle lead you to doubt God’s care and
love for you? Why does God sometimes seem to take so long to do anything? John 5 offers a
helpful promise. God the Father and Jesus the Son are continually at work. Not one second,
one trial, or one moment of suffering evade God’s constant, purpose-filled work in this world.
God is always doing so much more than we realize. The God who knows when a sparrow falls
to the ground,28 who controls every droplet of water in the universe,29 and establishes kings
and kingdoms30 can be trusted with His purposes and plans that we cannot see or understand.
When, by human estimation, God appears slow to respond, we must know that we do not see
all He is doing. Will you trust that God is in control even when He appears silent or inactive?31
In what challenge or joy will you confidently rest in God’s constant, active care?
27. Lord of the Sabbath: Mark 2:28

28. Sparrows: Matthew 10:29
29. Control of the waters: Job 38:8-11; Psalm 33:7
30. Kings and kingdoms: Daniel 2:21; Romans 13:1
31. Waiting: Habakkuk 2:1-3

Jesus defined His authority over humanity and history. As God’s Son, equal in power and united
in purpose with His Father, Jesus deserves honor. Why is it easier to accept Jesus’s authority
over heaven and earth than to yield our own will to His authority—especially when God’s ways
conflict with our plans or preferences? The Jewish religious leaders refused to acknowledge
or yield to Jesus. Ultimately, the truth about Jesus’s authority should lead us to humble
ourselves before Him. Jesus’s authority does not stand as a benign force of nature but as a
personal reality that impacts our lives. We need never fear surrendering to Him who guards
our souls and seeks our highest good. How might you currently be resisting Jesus’s rightful
authority over your life? In what ways will you purposefully yield to Him this week?
How do you know if you really love God? Jesus made the answer clear to the religious experts,
who diligently scrutinized others and the Scriptures but rejected Him. If you love God, you will
love Jesus. The Son of God left heaven’s glories to die on a cruel cross for you and could not
love you more. Love for Jesus grows as we walk through life, apply the Scriptures, and seek
God. Believers joyfully anticipate the day when they will see Jesus with an unveiled face.32 They
will spend eternity free from this world’s burden of sin—worshiping and loving their Savior. How
has your love for Jesus grown as you daily walk with God through this life? Everything you do
now and for eternity to honor Jesus also honors God. What a privilege!
32. Unveiled face: 1 Corinthians 13:12
JOHN: LESSON 8
Two Signs at the LESSON
Sea of Galilee SCRIPTURE

JOHN 6:1-21
Lesson Questions
1. How did the lecture comfort or inspire confidence regarding Jesus’s compassion for
His people?
2. What ideas from the notes helped you better understand or appreciate the sovereign
authority of Jesus Christ?

Jesus crossed the Sea of Galilee, followed by a large crowd.
3. Briefly review John 5. Why might Jesus have retreated to the mountainside rather than
going to Jerusalem for the Passover?
© BSF 1960-2023 (This material may be downloaded from mybsf.org and used by BSF class members in connection with their personal BSF class
Lesson 8 | 109
studies. It may not be otherwise reproduced without BSF’s written permission.) All Scripture quotations in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE,
NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION ® NIV ® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.®. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
4. Read another account of this moment in Mark 6:30-34. What do you learn about Jesus and
what He considers important?
5. How willing are you to lay aside your desires in order to serve others? What do your choices
reveal about your priorities, and what would you like to change?

Jesus and the disciples faced the challenge of feeding the crowd.
6. What was Jesus's purpose in the question He asked Philip as they saw the approaching crowd?
7. a. Describe the different words, actions, and attitudes of Philip, Andrew, and the boy
regarding their dilemma.
b. How do these attitudes compare with yours? How are you convicted or encouraged?
8. What seemingly “meager” offerings are you willing to give to the Lord?
110 | Lesson 8
Jesus miraculously multiplied fives loaves and two fish.
9. Write what you learn from:
a. Jesus’s instructions to the disciples?
b. Jesus’s first response as He took the loaves?
10. In what specific ways can you apply Jesus’s instructions and response to your life?
11. a. How does this miracle point to Jesus’s gracious provision for the spiritually hungry?
b. Reflect on Jesus’s miracle. In what ways could you offer Jesus, the Bread of Life, to
others? (See also Mark 6:34-44 and John 6:35, 63.)
12. a. In what ways were the crowd's understanding of Jesus incomplete or incorrect?
b. In what kind of situations are you most tempted to want Jesus to operate on your terms,
not His?

Jesus walked on water.
13. a. Describe the situation faced by Jesus’s disciples.
b. What did Jesus do when the waters grew rough?
c. How did the disciples respond when they first saw Jesus?
14. a. What did Jesus say to His fear-filled disciples?
b. How did the disciples respond once they recognized Jesus? What was the result?
15. Give lessons that you learned about God when meditating on this scene of the disciples in
the storm.

Jesus has the power to meet any human need.
16. What aspect of Jesus’s sovereign power stirred awe of Him in you this week?
Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, etc.) for Group and Administrative Leaders: John 6:1-21

112 | Lesson 8
Lecture Notes

Lesson 8 Notes
John 6:1-21
Focus Verse
“When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the
boat, walking on the water; and they were frightened. But he said to them, ‘It is I; don’t
be afraid.’” (John 6:19-20)
Outline
● Jesus Feeds the 5,000 – John 6:1-15
● Jesus Walks on Water – John 6:16-21
Engage
This world is a stormy place—hardly a place of calm and peace. Seemingly insurmountable
needs in our communities, churches, and workplaces create persistent pressure. Families
experience hopeless situations with elusive solutions. Unrelenting stress challenges our
physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Weary and overcome, we often feel we don’t
have enough to give. Where can we turn when the waves of this world overwhelm us?
Jesus purposefully engaged with a variety of people throughout His ministry. He met and
provided for physical needs that people recognized and revealed greater spiritual needs
they did not understand. Whether offered to an inquisitive Pharisee in the dark of night, a
desperate woman at a well in Samaria, or a hungry mountainside multitude, the help Jesus
put forward was more than enough. He poured out words of truth, admonition, and wisdom.
With compassion, He healed the sick and helped the lame to walk. The One who was “in the
beginning” put His heavenly sovereignty on full display. Jesus has the power to meet any
human need.
Jesus’s Sabbath healing of a lame man had angered the religious leaders in Jerusalem. They
recognized Jesus’s claims of deity and plotted to have Him killed.1 In stark contrast, “some
time after this,” Jesus interacted with a crowd of curious people on a hillside rather than those
who opposed Him. The synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) offer additional details
of the miracles recorded in chapter 6. John focuses on Jesus’s power over creation and His
compassion for human needs.
1. Persecution: John 5:16-18
114 | Lesson 8
Jesus Feeds the 5,000 – John 6:1-15
The feeding of the 5,000 is the only miracle of Jesus recorded in all four Gospels.2

Jesus and the disciples "went up on a mountainside,” which probably means the hill country
on the north shore of the Sea of Galilee. News spread quickly among the people who saw
Jesus leave Capernaum with His disciples. Many chasing after Jesus were sick and hoping to
receive healing. From the other Gospels, we know they eagerly “ran on foot from all the towns
and got there ahead” of Jesus’s boat.3
The weight of deep compassion alongside the constant press of the gathering crowds and
news of John the Baptist’s death surely left Jesus and His disciples tired and weary.4 Upon
disembarking, Jesus took His disciples up on the mountainside and sat down. Jesus knowingly
continued to invest in His inner circle—the disciples needed to recognize Jesus's divine power
and authority as Messiah.
John records that Passover (which occurred during springtime in Israel—usually in April) was
drawing near. His inclusion of such time markers outlines the three years of Jesus’s public
ministry. John’s references to Passover, a time of nationalistic aspirations, may imply that the
crowd focused on Jesus's messianic claims with hope of liberation from Rome. Jesus, now in
Galilee and some distance from the temple, apparently determined that He would not go to Israel’s
capital. The growing opposition toward Jesus in Jerusalem likely influenced His decision. The
divinely orchestrated timing of Jesus’s ministry moved forward to accomplish God’s eternal plan.5
The Need – 6:5-9

The Question Jesus Posed – 6:5-6
Despite His weariness, Jesus felt profound compassion for the approaching people. The weight
of their burdens, their lack of true shepherds, and their persistence in seeking Him moved Jesus
to action. Jesus knew only He could give them what they needed most.6 Always in tune with His
Father’s heart, Jesus laid aside His own desire for solitude to meet the needs of the desperate
and distressed.7
Jesus recognized an opportunity to train His disciples while providing for the gathering
crowd. He asked Philip, “Where shall we buy bread for these people to eat?” Jesus did not ask
this question to gain information. He already knew what He was going to do.
Jesus’s question represented a test—an opportunity to recognize that He could and would
provide. Everything Jesus said and did throughout His earthly ministry meant more than His
onlookers realized. The Father, the Son, and Spirit constantly work together to accomplish
2. Feeding of 5,000: Matthew 14:13-21; Mark 6:30-44; Luke 9:10-17

3. Eager to see Jesus: Mark 6:32-33
4. Need for rest: Matthew 14:13; Mark 6:30-32
5. Jesus’s timing: John 7:1, 8, 30; 8:20
6. Sheep without a shepherd: Mark 6:34
7. Unity of Father and Son: John 5:19

far deeper purposes than people recognize.8 We barely comprehend a fraction of all that God
is doing in the world. Jesus met physical needs to demonstrate His unlimited power and
generous compassion. His miraculous signs and authoritative words united His divine, eternal
agenda with His earthly steps.
The People Jesus Challenged – 6:7-9
Philip – 6:7
More than once, Phillip found himself the first to verbalize the difficulty the disciples faced.9
In this case, Jesus led him to quickly quantify and bluntly state that the need of the crowd far
exceeded the resources available. Philip did the math. He determined that offering every person
in the crowd just one bite would require half a year’s wages. From Philip’s perspective, the
situation appeared impossible. God often allows His children to recognize the hopelessness
they face apart from His intervention. In wisdom and brilliance, Jesus used moments of dire
need to prepare His disciples to notice His handiwork. He does the same for us today.
Jesus needed no help in carrying out His miracle. He could have fed the thousands that day
without human assistance or the meager lunch the disciples gathered. However, Jesus included
others as His coworkers and allowed them to experience the wonder of His power. Jesus’s
disciples and the people in the crowd needed more than a meal—they needed a Savior.
Andrew – 6:8-9
Each time John spotlights Andrew, we see him bringing someone to Jesus.10 Andrew previously
brought his brother Simon Peter to meet Jesus; this time he brings an unnamed boy. Later, we
will witness Andrew leading a group of Greeks to Jesus before His crucifixion. However, instead
of considering Jesus’s unlimited power, Andrew focused on the inadequacy of resources. The
five barley loaves and two fish Andrew discovered represented a meager lunch for a young boy
and, most certainly, an insufficient meal for a burgeoning crowd. As if to underline the hopeless
situation, Andrew looked at the rations and asked, “How far will they go among so many?”
Both Philip and Andrew attended the wedding in Cana where they witnessed Jesus’s first
miraculous sign.11 They saw Jesus’s miracle unfold and drank the wine He provided. Since that
day, they had watched Jesus heal countless people. They saw a disabled man in Jerusalem
obey Jesus, stand, and walk.12 But now, these disciples saw only a problem that seemed too
big for Jesus to handle. Undaunted, Jesus persistently developed the faith of the men He had
chosen to change the world. Jesus’s disciples had much to learn, but in grace He continually
revealed that He could be trusted completely with every need.
An Unnamed Boy – 6:9

Jesus allowed a young boy to witness His power in an extraordinary and personal way. The
five barley loaves would have been small, round flatbread, like pita or pancakes. Little dried
fish would have been included to flavor the bread. Yet, when given to Jesus, this small gift
blessed thousands.
8. Working together: John 5:17

9. Philip: John 14:8
10. Andrew: John 1:40-42; 6:8-9; 12:20-22
11. Wedding at Cana: John 2:1-11
12. Lame man walks: John 5:1-9
116 | Lesson 8
This boy simply gave what he had to Jesus. What did he think or feel in the moment he
entrusted his lunch to Jesus and His disciples? Did he expect to go hungry himself? Whatever
he thought, this boy could not have guessed how Jesus would use his sacrificial gift.
The Answer – 6:10-13

Organization and Expectation – 6:10
Jesus told the disciples, “Have the people sit down.” He brought order and anticipation to the large
crowd. John records that 5,000 men were on this mountainside. Matthew adds that the crowd
numbered 5,000 men, “besides women and children,” suggesting the group was much larger.13
What did the people seated on the grass that day expect? This meal came a day after Jesus
taught truth, healed the sick, and revealed God’s love. Instilled with hope and confidence, the
entire crowd looked to Jesus, likely wondering what He would do.
Prayer and Provision – 6:11 Jesus's provisions

Jesus took the loaves into His hands and offered a prayer of thanks. Jesus more than meet our
intentionally turned the crowd’s attention to His Father—the source of needs and reveal
miraculous provision and power. The people received the food. They ate as the abundance
much fish and bread as they wanted. While the other Gospels emphasize of His unlimited
Jesus including the disciples in distributing the meal,14 John focuses on the resources.
Lord Jesus. Once again, Jesus displayed His compassion and power.
Regardless of
Satisfaction and Abundance – 6:12-13
what we long for,
satisfaction apart
Everyone in the crowd “had enough to eat.” This translation reflects an from Jesus Christ
understatement. Literally, the people were “filled” or “fully satisfied.” They ate does not exist.
until they could eat no more. Jesus’s provisions more than meet our needs and
reveal the abundance of His unlimited resources.15 Regardless of what we long
for, satisfaction apart from Jesus Christ does not exist.
Generosity and frugality go hand-in-hand. While Jesus provides lavishly, He wastes nothing.
Despite the plentiful supply of food, He commanded, “Let nothing be wasted.” Jesus instructed
His disciples to gather the leftovers. Jesus not only gave the disciples food, He provided an
opportunity to trust Him, recognize His provision, and exercise wise stewardship. God calls
churches and Christian ministries today to do the same.
Obediently, and no doubt in continued amazement, the 12 disciples collected exactly 12 baskets
of leftovers generated by a mere five barley loaves. All 12 disciples held tangible evidence of
Jesus's overflowing provision in their hands. A basket for each disciple visibly attested to Jesus’s
divine power and care for their needs. Always true to His nature, the Lord gave more than people
asked or imagined.16 Only in Jesus can needy people experience true abundance.
13. Matthew’s count: Matthew 14:21

14. Disciples distributed: Matthew 14:19; Mark 6:41; Luke 9:16
15. Jesus gives more: Isaiah 64:4; 1 Corinthians 2:9
16. More than we imagine: Ephesians 3:20-21

The Response – 6:14-15
So often, humans misinterpret God’s intended plans by focusing on their own agendas. The
enormous crowd who enjoyed Jesus's miraculous meal misunderstood His purpose. Their
response revealed a lack of understanding, which led them to act with self-serving motives.
Is Jesus the Promised Prophet? – 6:14

The people sought to explain the astounding miracle they had witnessed. So near to Passover,
the crowd could have easily connected this event to Moses, the greatest prophet, leader, and
deliverer of the Old Testament.17 During the time Moses led Israel in the wilderness, God fed
His people with manna—“bread from heaven.”18 Moses foretold that one day, God would send
His people another prophet. Their recent mountainside experience with the divine provision
of food led the recently fed crowd to say, “Surely this is the Prophet.”19 Was this the prophet
promised centuries ago? Could this be the Messiah who would reign from Jerusalem—the One
through whom Israel would lead the nations of the world?
God’s own Son Let’s Make Jesus Our King! – 6:15

certainly came Jesus knew that the recently satisfied crowd intended to forcefully make Him
to earth as the king. In a sense, the crowd was right about Jesus's identity. God’s own Son
prophet Moses certainly came to earth as the prophet Moses predicted.20 Jesus is rightfully
predicted. Jesus King of heaven and earth.21 He is the Messiah who came to save the world.22
is rightfully King of Jesus was, is, and always will be sovereign over all creation.23
heaven and earth. However, a failure to comprehend their greater spiritual needs motivated the
He is the Messiah crowd’s response. They wanted a king who would serve them and provide
who came to save for their temporal, physical needs. The Lord recognized the crowd’s fickle
the world. enthusiasm and quietly put an end to their plans. Jesus remained fully
committed to His Father’s purpose and His divine mission on earth.
Jesus would later tell Pilate, “My kingdom is not of this world.”24 Until He died and rose again,
Jesus’s only crown on earth would be woven from thorns.25 Jesus’s time to reign had not yet
come.26 As night closed in, Jesus sent the crowd away. He sought time alone with His Father.27
Our Lord received the daily bread of His spiritual nourishment through intimate communion
with His Father.
17. Greatest prophet: Deuteronomy 34:10-12

18. Manna: Exodus 16:4; Psalm 78:24-25
19. Promised Prophet: Deuteronomy 18:15, 18; John 1:21
20. Prophet: Mark 6:1-4; Acts 7:37-38
21. Jesus the King: Matthew 1:1; 28:18; Romans 1:1-3; Philippians 2:9-11; Revelation 19:16
22. Messiah: Matthew 16:16; Mark 1:1; John 4:25-26; 11:27
23. Eternally sovereign: John 1:1-5; Ephesians 1:1-14; Philippians 2:5-11
24. Heavenly, eternal kingdom: John 18:36
25. Crown of thorns: John 19:2, 5
26. Jesus’s time: John 7:6-9
27. Time with the Father: Matthew 14:23; Mark 6:46
118 | Lesson 8
God’s Rightful Rule as King of Creation
The Doctrine of the Sovereignty of God
God is sovereign. This means God alone controls everything. He rules every
sector of the universe He created.1 God’s decrees govern history.2 God’s
sovereignty includes the calling of those who will be saved by Him.3 God
determines the outcome of all things according to His wise purposes. God
controls and guides all events for His glory and our good.
Like their ancestors centuries earlier, the people of Israel desired a king.4 They
recognized Jesus’s authority and correctly speculated about His identity.
However, they wanted a king who ruled on their terms and satisfied their desires.
They stood before eternity’s sovereign King seeking to mold His agenda to
meet their demands. Because of humankind’s inherited sinful nature,5 we long
to exercise sovereignty that belongs only to God. People long to control what
only God controls. We desire autonomy more than submission. God rules rightly,
justly, compassionately, and eternally. His sovereignty remains steadfast despite
our rebellion and utter failure to understand His character and purposes.
Without a proper understanding of God’s absolute rule over time, history, and
every earthly event, we flounder in uncertainty. People’s whims, the world’s
constantly changing landscape, and our own lives seem to careen randomly
forward. Certainly legitimate questions arise as we attempt to interpret the chaos
around us. However, failure to recognize God’s present purposefulness leaves us
without the rudder we need to direct our lives.
The truth about God’s sovereignty stabilizes our thinking in many ways. We do not
need to fully comprehend what God expressly controls. When our understanding
fails to grasp all that God is doing, we trust the infinite perfections within His
character. Knowing that God will one day eradicate evil, end injustice, and reign
without rival offers hope when current events trouble us.6 Recognizing God’s right
to reign over everything helps me relinquish my own desire to rule what I cannot
control or to mold God to fit my image of Him. Surrendering to the Sovereign
God who rules time and eternity is always right. How will you find comfort today
recognizing God’s wise rule over this world and your life?
1. God’s authority: 1 Chronicles 29:11-12; Psalm 47:7
2. God governs history: Daniel 4:34-35; Acts 2:23; 17:24-27
3. God’s call: Romans 8:29-30; Ephesians 1:4; 1 Peter 1:2
4. Israel’s desire for a king: 1 Samuel 8:4-5
5. Sinful nature: Genesis 3; Isaiah 53:6; 59:12-13; Romans 7:14; 8:7
6. God’s eternal rule: Revelation 21-22

Jesus Walks on Water – John 6:16-21
The Storm – 6:16-21

The Disciples’ Departure – 6:16-17
Jesus intentionally sent His disciples back toward Capernaum on a boat while He sought
solace with His Father.28 The feeding of the 5,000 trained them to serve, but strengthening their
faith remained foremost in His mind. Jesus sent His disciples straight into a trial that would
test their faith. They boarded a boat and waited for their Lord to rejoin them. Jesus would
indeed come to them, but not before giving them another opportunity to trust Him more.
The Disciples’ Fear – 6:18-19

An inland freshwater lake fed by the Jordan River, the Sea of Galilee sits almost 700 feet (more
than 200 meters) below sea level. The surrounding hills rest at about 2,000 feet (600 meters)
above sea level, with peaks beyond rising even higher. After nightfall the changing temperature
of air currents around and above the Sea of Galilee could create sudden storms. Fierce winds
can whip up waves strong enough to swamp a small boat. The disciples found themselves in
this situation.
Many of the disciples were fishermen and familiar with traveling across water. They understood
the danger of sudden storms. Mighty winds and rough waters buffeted the disciples, who
franticly rowed for miles. Upon seeing a figure walking toward them on the water, defying the
laws of physics, the disciples understandably found themselves racked with fear.
The Disciples’ Comfort – 6:20-21

Jesus understood the emotional state of His friends. Like a Good Shepherd calling to His
sheep, He spoke gentle and comforting words.29 Jesus said, “It is I; don’t be afraid.” At once,
the disciples welcomed their Lord, their Comforter, into their boat. They immediately reached
their destination.
John offers a more concise record of this incident than the other Gospel accounts.30 He
focused on Jesus’s words and presence during this tumultuous scene. Jesus had not forgotten
His disciples but remained keenly aware of their struggle. At precisely the right time, Jesus
came to the disciples. His calming presence, words, and almighty power relieved their fears.
Then and now, Jesus’s disciples never escape His notice. Jesus remains steadfast in His
intimate and loving concern for His own. He exercises His sovereignty because of His love for
His people and on behalf of His people. This miracle reminds us of Jesus's sovereign control
over everything that troubles us. When the waves of life threaten us, Jesus remains with us and
works for us. Jesus has the power to meet any human need.
28. On the boat by Jesus’s command: Matthew 14:22-23; Mark 6:45

29. Shepherd’s voice: John 10:3-5
30. Gospel accounts of this event: Matthew 14:22-34; Mark 6:45-53
120 | Lesson 8
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus sought the lost and needy. Crossing the Sea of Galilee, the sick, hungry, and broken-
hearted pursued Jesus. People who desired hope and help flocked around Him. Their earth-
bound hearts looked to Jesus to fulfill their dreams. However, the Savior of the world came to
provide much more than a meal ticket for the physically hungry. The miraculous multiplication
of five loaves and two fish pointed to Jesus's sovereignty and represented another example of
His pursuit of their hearts.
Jesus’s care for people runs deep and wide. He served and displayed His divine power to a
field of people ripe for His spiritual harvest. Jesus tenderly and wisely tended to His inner circle
of disciples—the foundation upon whom He would build His Church. Jesus involved them
in serving the multitude, then came to them amidst strain and turmoil on the stormy Sea of
Galilee. Jesus eased His disciples’ fears with His words and presence. He calmed the storm
and led them to their destination.
Apply It
A crowd of thousands—seeking comfort, food, and even a king—surrounded Jesus. Their
overwhelming need and the obvious lack of human resources presented an opportunity for
Jesus to display His power. A young boy gave Jesus what he had and saw his meager lunch
miraculously multiplied. Today we frequently face challenges that outstrip our limited human
strength and means. In gracious love, God often allows us to quantify what we lack so we will
understand our need for His unlimited power. How often do you feel like the resources you
have to navigate life are not enough? What situation are you facing today where your energy,
finances, influence, or answers are clearly inadequate? When you offer the Lord what you have,
He will supply what you need. When God does what He alone can do, He receives glory. We can
offer little because our God is so big. How is He calling you to trust Him today?
How often are you surprised when life becomes unexpectedly difficult? While we might criticize
the pressing crowd who sought Jesus for personal gain, we often find ourselves disillusioned
when God’s path proves challenging. Jesus knew His disciples needed to realize their limited
solutions and row for hours in an unrelenting storm for their faith to grow. God loves us too
much to let us believe that an easy path confirms His care. We need regular reminders that our
strength is small, our needs are great, and our God is powerful. Jesus's presence in the storm,
power over the storm, and purposefulness through the storm matters. Jesus can conquer
whatever conquers us. He measures our struggles in faith-building ways and dispenses His
grace abundantly. What is God teaching you in your current storm? In what ways has Jesus
come to you while you are rowing frantically and getting nowhere? Invite Jesus into your storm-
tossed boat. Trust God with what you cannot control. Recognize your delusion and desire for
sovereignty that belongs only to God.
Most often, we do not recognize God’s greatest work and highest purposes in the world and
our lives. The freshly fed crowd wanted a king who would meet their needs and fulfill their

purposes. A provision-craving, power-hungry world desires to “package” Jesus and fashion a
god it can leverage to their own advantage. Human beings do not have the right or capacity to
handle or manage their Creator. Nor should we desire to control a God who is infinitely good
and loving. The proper response to Jesus's sovereign control is trust. How will you trust God
with what He provides and what He does not provide? How willing are you to let God call the
shots, set the agenda, and lead you? In many ways, we often equate God’s faithfulness with the
fulfillment of our dreams. If God’s path for you does not meet your expectations, how willing
are you to surrender to His plan? We can trust God with everything, even what we do not fully
understand. Our limitations never limit God. Everything He does is right, good, and perfectly
timed to accomplish His purposes. What will you surrender to Him today?
JOHN: LESSON 9
Jesus: The Bread LESSON
of Life, Part 1 SCRIPTURE

JOHN 6:22-40
Lesson Questions
1. What points in the notes especially resonated with you regarding Jesus feeding the 5,000
or walking on water? Why?
2. How did the lecture help you better understand God’s sovereignty or see His sovereign
hand at work in your life?

Jesus confronted the confused crowd with truth about God’s true bread from heaven.
3. a. What did Jesus’s response to the people’s first question (6:25-27) reveal about their
desire and true need?
Lesson 9 | 123
b. How might you struggle to balance your necessary work for “food that spoils” with a
focus on matters of eternal significance?
4. For what did Jesus say the people should work? For what should they not work
(6:27-29)? Give examples of each.
5. The Father placed His “seal of approval” on Jesus, the source of eternal life.
How does God securely seal believers through Christ? (See also John 10:28-29; 17:6-12,
22-24; Romans 8:38-39; and Ephesians 1:13-14.)

Jesus answered the crowd about the work God requires.
6. a. Explain the difference between the people’s ideas about “works” and the one work Jesus
described. (See also Ephesians 2:8-10 and James 2:17-20.)
b. Why and how do people try to earn God’s favor by their own efforts?
7. a. What must a person believe about Jesus Christ to do the work God requires? (See also
John 20:31 and Romans 10:9-10. Share any other verses that make this clear.)
b. How has the truth about Jesus’s provision of a way of salvation impacted your life?
124 | Lesson 9
Jesus told the crowd about the true bread of heaven.
8. a. What kind of sign did the people want Jesus to give them?
b. In what ways do you make demands of God that ignore what He has already revealed
to you?
9. a. What may have motivated the people’s question and reference to manna in the
wilderness in verses 30-31?
b. How did Jesus expand their thinking in verses 32-33?
10. In what ways have you eaten the “true bread” that came down from heaven?

Jesus taught that all who come to Him receive eternal life.
11. Identify truths from this passage that offer assurance for every believer. Which one might
you share with a friend?
12. a. What did Jesus say about true security in John 6:35-40?

b. How is God satisfying your needs for security and fulfillment?
13. a. What truths stand out to you in this passage and why?
b. How has God the Father drawn you to seek and know His Son Jesus?

Only Jesus, the Bread of Life, can satisfy our spiritual hunger and give us eternal life.
14. Write down the verses where Jesus says “I will raise them up at the last day.” What does
this mean and how does this promise bring you comfort?
15. What does the truth that Jesus is the Bread of Life who satisfies completely and eternally
mean to you personally?
John 6:22-40

126 | Lesson 9
Lecture Notes

Lesson 9 Notes
John 6:22-40
Focus Verse
“Then Jesus declared, ‘I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go hungry,
and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty.’” (John 6:35)
Outline
● The Work of Heaven – John 6:22-29
● The Bread of Heaven – John 6:30-33
● The Life of Heaven – John 6:34-40
Engage
Our journey through life presents challenges, conflicts, and choices. Energizing experiences
propel us forward. However, we often spend our thoughts, time, energy, and money seeking
contentment that proves elusive. When our dreams fade or reality does not match our
expectations, we feel disappointed and depleted. Surely life has more to offer than fleeting
physical and material comforts with evaporating moments of happiness! Where can we
look for meaning and purpose that will not spoil or decay? Only Jesus Christ offers living
bread—He alone completely sustains and satisfies all who come to Him in faith. Without
the life-giving, soul-sustaining bread Jesus gives, we perish.
The crowds that followed Jesus cared more about their rumbling stomachs than their
hungry souls. They recognized their need for bread to sustain physical life. However, Jesus
called them to recognize a more profound hunger—one that could not be satisfied with
a physical meal. God planted a longing for deeper meaning, security, and purpose within
every human heart. Jesus offers the only possible source of life, eternal satisfaction, and
enduring hope. Jesus countered the crowd’s confusion by offering unvarnished truth. Jesus
calls us to believe in Him. He invites us to partake of the life only He can give. He offers to
meet our spiritual needs, not just our physical cravings. Only Jesus, the Bread of Life, can
satisfy our spiritual hunger and give us eternal life.
The Work of Heaven – John 6:22-29

Having witnessed Jesus miraculously transform five loaves and two fish into an abundant
meal, many people wanted more of the same. Jesus and His disciples departed because He
knew the gathering crowd wanted to make Him king by force.1 In a Capernaum synagogue,2
1. King by force: John 6:15

2. Capernaum synagogue: John 6:59
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Jesus unpacked the deeper meaning behind the mountainside miracle. He responded to the
people’s three rising questions and their culminating demand. Only John records this discourse.
What Jesus had symbolized, He now explained. Jesus is the Bread of Life.
The Crowd – 6:22-24

When the persistent crowd realized neither Jesus nor His disciples remained in Tiberius where
He had miraculously fed them, they boarded boats and headed to Capernaum in search of Jesus.
What motivated this relentless pursuit? Were they hungry for breakfast? Did they still long to
make Jesus their king? Whatever they thought, Jesus knew their hearts. He would continue to
unveil His divine authority and power because He came to seek and serve lost people. Jesus, the
rightful King, ultimate Prophet, and promised Messiah remained on course to accomplish God’s
plan. His unstoppable purposes lovingly reach toward needy and broken people.
Jesus Speaks Truth – 6:25-27

Whether the group sought a king or desired another miracle, they remained unaware of their
greatest need. The questions the people asked Jesus revealed their limited understanding.
Every time Jesus answered, He pierced through their shallow request to expose a deeper issue
the people needed to face. Jesus swept past their initial question regarding His arrival time to
reveal that they were seeking Him for all the wrong reasons. He clarified God’s intended aim in
the food-multiplying miracle they so enjoyed. Every person present required the everlasting life
only Jesus can give.
Jesus’s Authority
In the Gospels, Jesus often introduces key authoritative statements with the phrase “Truly, I
tell you.” The word translated as "truly” is the Greek form of the Hebrew “amen,” meaning “let it
be so” or “it is so.” Jesus alone expressed His unequaled authority by beginning statements with
“Amen,” an expression that normally occurs at the end of biblical statements. In some cases,
Jesus underscored the importance of His words by saying “amen” twice. The NIV expresses this
double “amen” with the words “very truly,” an expression Jesus used four times in speaking about
Himself as the Bread of Life.3 John’s Gospel uniquely records this doubling, which occurs 25 times.
Jesus’s Insight
As Jesus taught the crowd, He unmasked the people’s true desires.4 They wanted free food,
physical healing, and political freedom. Few desired the spiritual satisfaction only Jesus could
give. These people missed the point of Jesus’s miracles, that He is the Messiah who provides
spiritual food that will not spoil.5 Everlasting nourishment for the heart and soul resides in
God Himself, who alone offers “food” that will “endure to eternal life.” Nothing this world
offers compares to the abundant life Jesus gives.6 Anyone who fails to accept Jesus remains
eternally lost and spiritually hungry.
3. Very truly: John 6:26, 32, 47, 53

4. Jesus knows people’s true desires: John 2:24-25; 6:64
5. Perishable things: 1 Peter 1:23-25

To work for food that endures means to seek Jesus wholeheartedly. Jesus is to be the center
of all our affections, activity, and effort. People who set their hearts on seeking Jesus and His
kingdom discover that He supplies everything needed to glorify and enjoy Him.7
Replacing this world’s passing pleasures with the Lord’s enduring blessings resounds as
a consistent theme throughout Scripture. God desires for His people to live by an entirely
different set of values and priorities. Through the indwelling Holy Spirit, a believer’s desires
gradually change so that seeking God matters more than lesser pursuits. An eternal perspective
overrules the temporary, fleeting options of the world. The Apostle Paul used a picture of
“putting off” the old and “putting on” the new.8 No one puts clean, new clothes on over old, dirty
clothes. Where in your life do you need to “put off” your efforts, energy, and ambitions that seek
things that spoil? “Put on” eternal satisfaction in Christ. Ask Him to help you determine specific
ways to alter your daily life toward this eternal perspective.
The Father’s Seal

God the Father “has placed his seal of approval” on Jesus. Today, the seal of a notary public
or authorized official attests to the authenticity of a document or signature. In ancient times,
officials validated documents with seals imprinted with official signet rings. God the Father
uniquely “sealed” Jesus as the source of eternal life for the world. We receive this amazing gift
by grace from the hand of Jesus, God’s Son.9 Believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit, making
their salvation sure.10
God places within every human being a spiritual hunger that He uniquely satisfies.11 People
long for purpose and meaning that surpasses their ordinary everyday human existence. Only
Jesus can fulfill this eternal longing. Many fail to understand their inborn longing for eternity
as they seek passing pleasures that cannot ultimately satisfy what they crave most. To receive
Jesus is to receive God.12 God has provided Jesus—the greatest treasure for life and eternity.
God’s Work: Believe in Jesus – 6:28-29

The people asked another question: “What must we do to do the works God requires?”
However, their subtle change of Jesus’s use of the word “work” to “works” revealed a deadly
error. The people requested a list of duties they could achieve on their own to receive eternal
life. Their thinking represents a common misconception prevalent among misguided human
religion and people throughout time. Many wrongly seek to please God through a checklist of
behavior. The rich young man, spoken of in the other Gospels, expressed this same desire.13
Inherently flawed human righteousness cannot satisfy the righteous demands of a holy God.14
Jesus said, “The work of God is this: to believe in the one he has sent.” God requires only
one “work” to receive eternal life—to believe and receive salvation through faith in His Son.
Those who come to Christ for salvation offer God-pleasing works, but these come as a fruit,
7. Seek Jesus first: Matthew 6:33

8. Old and new: Ephesians 4:22-25; Colossians 2:11
9. God so loved the world: John 3:16-17
10. Sealed by the Holy Spirit: Ephesians 1:13-14
11. Hunger for God: Ecclesiastes 3:11
12. Jesus is God: John 14:9-10
13. Rich young man: Matthew 19:16-22
14. Not by human works: Romans 3:20-30; 9:16; Galatians 2:16; Ephesians 2:8-9; Titus 3:5
130 | Lesson 9
The Bread of Life Discourse
We will devote two lessons to Jesus’s important teaching in this passage known as the
Bread of Life Discourse. The following outline will help grasp the flow of the message.
1. Background – 6:22-24
In Capernaum, the day after He fed a crowd of thousands from one boy’s meager lunch,
Jesus revealed Himself as the Bread of Life.
2. Questions – 6:25-40
Jesus used His replies to three questions and a request as an opportunity to teach the
crowd who gathered around Him in the synagogue at Capernaum.1
3. Grumbling – 6:41-51
The listeners grumbled when Jesus said He came down from heaven, but Jesus repeated
His claim, promising eternal life to all who believe Him.
4. Arguing – 6:52-59
Sharp arguments arose among the crowd. “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” The
Lord’s reply was even stronger: “Unless you eat [my] flesh … and drink [my] blood, you have
no life in you.”
5. Crisis – 6:60-71
The Lord’s teaching about His flesh and blood offended most who listened. Many disciples
turned away, but the Twelve restated their commitment to Jesus. It seems likely that from
this time on, the flame of rebellion in Judas’s heart began to burn with increasing intensity.
1. Teaching in synagogue: John 6:59
not the source of salvation. To think that eternal life can be earned represents a fatal mistake.
Receiving Jesus’s righteous life and sacrificial death on our behalf is the one “work” God
requires and accepts. We do not rely on what we can do but rather on what Jesus has done. To
believe in Jesus is to be saved from eternal separation from God.
Every deliberate choice a believer makes to die to self and live for Christ does more than simply
reveal true faith.15 Coming to faith and growing in faith means giving up working harder to be
better or doing more works to try to earn God’s favor. No amount of hard work can ever earn
God’s favor. God does not ask us to obey to win His love or earn eternal life. We could never do so.
15. True faith: Luke 9:23; 14:27; John 12:24-26

Instead, believers are set free to live by faith in the Son of God.16 God invites us to believe in His
Son and fix our eyes on Him.17 Believers live in a loving relationship with their Good Shepherd and
follow where He leads. True obedience and good works come only through faith in Jesus. He is
the One who has done the one work God requires for our salvation: Jesus died on the cross as
our substitute to pay the penalty for our sin. He is the pioneer and perfecter of our faith.
The Bread of Heaven – John 6:30-33
Eternal Bread – 6:30-33

The people audaciously asked for another sign so they would believe. The day before, these
same people ate bread and fish Jesus miraculously provided. Like physical hunger requiring
continual feeding, they sought yet another miracle to sustain their flimsy allegiance. Their
request implied that while Jesus fed 5,000, He did so only once. For 40 years In Moses’s time,
God sent a daily supply of manna from heaven to feed the hungry Israelites. The crowd seems
to demand that Jesus feed them like Moses did in the wilderness as a prerequisite for their
faith. They sought further proof that Jesus was greater than Moses.
The questioning crowd failed to connect God’s gracious provision through Moses to His mercy
and goodness. With emphatic certainty, Jesus explained that God, not Moses, supplied His
wandering people with manna. God’s gift of manna only sustained the physical body.18 The
miraculous provision ended when God’s people entered Canaan.19 In contrast to this perishable
bread, God now offered true bread from heaven: “For the bread of God is the bread that comes
down from heaven and gives life to the world.” Jesus Himself offers uniquely imperishable,
life-giving, and soul-satisfying nourishment for the human soul.
The literal and physical often blind people to the spiritual and the eternal. The Samaritan
woman misunderstood Jesus’s offer of living water while standing beside Jesus at the well.20
Similarly, this crowd focused only on their physical needs as they demanded that Jesus “give
us this bread.” The Samaritan woman ultimately recognized Jesus as the source of living
water and, with blossoming faith, reached out to her townspeople.21 In that encounter and this
one, Jesus revealed that He is the source of spiritual sustenance. The people in Capernaum,
however, remained oblivious to the Bread of Life Himself, who stood in their presence.
The Life of Heaven – John 6:34-40

Despite the people’s misunderstanding and unbelief, Jesus continued to reveal more about
true personal fulfillment through relationship with Him. The people that day, like people today,
asked Jesus for something. Jesus offered them Himself. To have Him is to have eternal life.22
Jesus, God’s gift, stood before them. They needed to open their eyes, their minds, and their
hearts and receive Jesus.
16. Living by faith: Galatians 2:20
17. Eyes fixed on Jesus: Hebrews 12:2
18. More than manna: Deuteronomy 8:3, 16
19. No more manna: Joshua 5:12
20. Woman at the well: John 4:15
21. Woman’s faith: John 4:39
22. Eternal life: John 17:3; 1 John 5:12
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Jesus’s Seven “I Am” Statements
In John 6:35, Jesus states, “I am the bread of life,” a truth He repeats three times in this chapter.
This rich declaration is one of seven powerful word pictures recorded in John’s Gospel.
Jesus introduces these powerful sayings with the words “I am” as He reveals His identity
and relationship to believers. Each revelation points to Jesus as the means of salvation and
spiritual sustenance. These statements increasingly reveal Jesus’s identity as Messiah.
I am the … Verses
Bread of Life (or Living Bread) 6:35, 48, 51
Light of the World 8:12; 9:5
Gate (or Door) for the Sheep 10:7, 9
Good Shepherd 10:11, 14
Resurrection and the Life 11:25
Way, the Truth, and the Life 14:6
Vine 15:1, 5
Jesus’s Powerful Declaration – 6:34-35

When the crowd said, “Sir, always give us this bread,” Jesus responded with the first of seven
“I Am” statements included in John’s Gospel (see box above). He cut through their confusion
with truth. Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go
hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty.” He sustains believers in this life and
seals them for eternity in His presence. Those who partake of the Bread of Life find eternal
satisfaction for their spiritual hunger and thirst. Jesus delivers those who receive Him as Lord
and Savior from sin, wasted lives, and painful eternities.
Jesus used the word “come” interchangeably with “believe.” Both words always involve a
definite action. Jesus’s gracious invitation to “come” to Him characterizes His heart toward
people.23 Coming to Christ represents a “once-for-all” action where sinners receive Christ’s
atoning sacrifice to redeem them from the just penalty of their own sins. However, believers
also return again and again to Jesus for sustaining strength, spiritual nourishment, and
clarifying direction. Jesus truly is the Bread of Life that sustains and satisfies completely.
Jesus’s Sorrowful Conclusion – 6:36

Jesus’s words openly exposed the heart condition and lingering unbelief of the hungry crowd.
Jesus did not soften the reality that their questions and responses revealed. These people saw
23. Come to Jesus: Matthew 4:19; 11:28; 14:29; 19:14, 21; John 1:39

Chosen by the Father
The Doctrine of Election
Jesus said, “All those the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me
I will never drive away” (John 6:37). God’s providential sovereignty stands behind the
challenging doctrine of election. Before God created the world, He chose those who would
respond in faith.1 Romans 8:29 says, “For those God foreknew he also predestined to be
conformed to the image of his Son….” However, God’s sovereignty in election does not
negate each person’s responsibility to believe.2 God offers an invitation for all to believe.
When God draws people through His Spirit, He works through their individual faith.3
Sin has so ruined humanity that no one truly seeks God.4 Our fallen state renders us utterly
unable to respond to the gospel in faith unless God first enables us.5 Consider salvation
as a door. A bold invitation is emblazoned on the outside of the door: “Whoever will may
come.” Those who take hold of God’s promise walk through the door by faith to see another
bold sign inside the door: “All those the Father gives me will come to me.”
God’s ways are inconceivably bigger, higher, and more perfect than humans comprehend.
We easily miss the harmony between the twin truths of divine election and human
responsibility. We should not dismiss infinite truths we cannot fully understand. God’s
choice in eternity past does not remove personal responsibility for unbelief in the present.
The seriousness of rejecting Christ remains a sober warning.
The wonder of salvation humbles and amazes us. God imparts life to dead hearts. Knowing
this truth compels us to confidently share the gospel with others. Salvation, from start to
finish, is God’s work. All glory belongs to God. However, the responsibility to turn to Christ
for salvation is ours. Will you trust God who loves perfectly and always acts righteously?
1. Chosen before time: Ephesians 1:3-14
2. Human responsibility: Psalm 81:11-12; John 8:24
3. Call to faith: Matthew 11:25-30; John 6:37-40
4. Sin’s damage: Psalm 14:2-3; Ecclesiastes 7:20; Romans 3:10-18
5. Drawn to faith: John 6:44
Jesus Christ, the Son of God. They experienced His power but chose not to believe Him. Seeing
is not believing. Faith believes, then sees. Jesus’s listeners asked for physical bread without
faith in Jesus’s provision for their greater spiritual need. They did not seek eternal life but
instead rejected Jesus.
Jesus’s Stabilizing Promise – 6:37-40

The Security of Believers – 6:37-39
Jesus shifted to beautiful truth regarding those who do believe in Him. Believers are the
Father’s love gift to His Son. God has sealed for all eternity all who come to Jesus for
134 | Lesson 9
salvation.24 For this reason, Jesus will never turn away anyone who comes to Him. Every person
the Father gives to the Son comes to Him through faith and remains with Him forever. Jesus
said, “And this is the will of him who sent me, that I shall lose none of all those he has given me,
but raise them up at the last day.”
The Surety of God’s Will – 6:40

Jesus Christ came to accomplish His Father’s will and He did so unswervingly.25 Everything
Jesus said and did aligned perfectly with His Father’s promise and plan. The Father promises
that everyone who looks to the Son for salvation will receive eternal life. Jesus expressed the
same confidence in His own divine power to hold and keep those who believe in Him, in this life
and forever.26 New life, even heaven, is not the ultimate fulfillment of the unending life Jesus
came to give His people. That awaits “the last day” when He will restore and resurrect every
believer as all of creation will become better than new.27
There is no deeper security or satisfaction than knowing Jesus Christ. People futilely work for
“food that spoils” while Jesus alone can meet our deepest need. Every human soul longs for
fulfillment this world cannot give. There is no higher calling than following Jesus. There is no
greater “work” than believing in Him. Only Jesus, the Bread of Life, can satisfy our spiritual
hunger and give us eternal life.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
A large crowd followed Jesus after He miraculously fed 5,000. Those who wanted to make
Him king sought an ongoing solution to their physical hunger. Despite their tenacious pursuit,
they remained blind to their real need—the new life that only Jesus provides. Jesus proclaimed
Himself the Bread of Life, not just the giver of perishable bread. Jesus, the unique Son of the
Father, came from heaven to give life to the world.
Jesus’s profound teaching explained the Father’s supernatural work to draw believers to His
Son and salvation. Jesus invites all to “come” as He offers Himself as the key to this life
and eternity. Those who believe in Jesus follow Him into eternity. Those who refuse Him in
unbelief walk away from life’s highest calling and greatest prize toward eternal death. Jesus’s
words set clear-cut boundaries that demand a response.
Apply It
Physical realities often blind us to spiritual realities. A crowd of hungry people enjoyed Jesus’s
miraculous meal but entirely missed the point of His provision. Jesus did not leave them
floundering with misconceptions about their ambitions and His mission. He offered clarifying
truth. Apart from the Holy Spirit’s help, we also remain stuck in confusion, unable to discern
24. Sealed: John 17:6-12, 22-24; Ephesians 1:13
25. Father’s will: John 4:34
26. Forever His: John 10:28-29
27. Creation restored: Romans 8:20-23; 2 Peter 3:13; Revelation 21:1-5

eternal truth. Our own sinfulness leads us to ignore or miss the wealth of evidence God
provides to bolster our faith. Nature and history testify to God’s sovereign power.28 The unified
perfection of God’s Word testifies to its reliability. How has the Holy Spirit raised your gaze
from what you can see, touch, and feel so you might grasp the wonder of who God is and all He
offers for eternity? Have you recognized your accountability to Him? God does not delight in
hiding spiritual truth from us. In fact, God has made His invitation abundantly clear. The Father
sent His Son and gives us His Holy Spirit to unlock our minds and open our hearts to know Him.
How has God done this in your life?
We fail to adequately understand the intense hunger that rumbles within the human heart.
This deep grappling for lasting fulfillment shows up in many ways. Our hobbies, hopes,
dreams, and constant searching reveal the longing for eternity that God has placed within
every human heart. We eat the “bread” of the world but fail to find lasting satisfaction. Jesus
shocked His hearers by offering Himself as the Bread of Life. God sent His Son from heaven
to meet our deepest need. When and how do you seek fulfillment from places, people, or
pursuits that do not satisfy? How does God continually and compassionately invite you to
flee those things and run to Christ? Maybe you have never turned to Jesus or find yourself
struggling with a deep-seated need. Will you turn to the Savior? Jesus’s claims offend many
yet offer eternal comfort for those who find in Him the rest their souls so desperately crave.
Jesus will never turn away anyone who comes to Him, whatever their past or present failings.
God graciously invites sinners to find the hope, healing, and restoration they desperately
need. God’s heart moves with compassion toward sinners. God seeks us, even when we are
confused, self-seeking, and stuck in sin’s traps. Jesus did not let His hearers stay mired in their
shallow expectations. He called them to believe and experience more than they imagined.
How have you heard Jesus’s invitation to “come” to Him? Keep responding to Him; He will not
turn you away. As you depend on the Lord for faith to believe, He repeatedly confirms that He
treasures you as His own. God loves and seeks the wayward. He fills our gaps and satisfies
the deepest hunger of our searching souls.
28. Nature’s witness: Romans 1:18-20
JOHN: LESSON 10
Jesus: The Bread LESSON
of Life, Part 2 SCRIPTURE

JOHN 6:41-71
Lesson Questions
1. What points in the notes especially resonated with you in regard to Jesus’s claim to be the
Bread of Life?
2. How did the lecture give you a better understanding of God’s sovereignty and righteousness?

Jesus responded to the grumbling Jews.
3. From John 6:44-45, what part does Scripture have in people coming to faith in Jesus?
(See also Luke 24:27 and John 5:39-40, 45-47; 6:63.)
Lesson 10 | 137
4. What do you learn from Jesus in John 6:46 and 14:6-12, and what does this say about
God’s relationship with you and with humankind?
5. What does God promise believers about death, and what is your response to His promises?
(See also John 6:44, 50-51; 11:25 and 1 Corinthians 15:54-55.)

Jesus taught about His flesh and blood.
6. What did the blood of the Passover lamb represent, and how did it protect the people from
God’s judgment? (See also Exodus 12:1-30.)
7. How was the lamb’s flesh used, and how is this a picture of Jesus’s promises to believers
in John 6:52-59? (See also Exodus 12:8, 11, 31, 39.)
8. a. What promises did Jesus connect to “drinking,” “eating,” or "feeding" on Him?
b. How do these promises help you understand His meaning?
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Jesus responded to the arguing disciples.
9. a. Describe what it means that the Spirit gives life and the flesh counts for nothing.
b. How have you experienced this in your life?
10. a. Why did many of Jesus’s disciples no longer follow Him?
b. Have Jesus's teaching ever offended you? What did you do about it? Can you share with
the group what happened?
11. a. How does most of the world respond to Jesus and His teaching today?
b. How do you respond?

Jesus asked the remaining disciples about their commitment.
12. a. How is Peter’s commitment like that of the psalmist in Psalm 73:23-28?
b. How does Peter’s response to Jesus’s question challenge or comfort you?
c. What helps you realize that going to Jesus surpasses any other option for seeking
peace, perspective, and direction for this life and eternity?
13. How does Jesus’s statement in 6:70 reflect the grace and gift of following Him? How does
it reflect His response to those who reject His invitation?

Eternal life requires a commitment to Christ.
14. What does the truth that Jesus is the Bread of Life who satisfies completely and eternally
mean to you personally?
John 6:41-71

140 | Lesson 10
Lecture Notes

Lesson 10 Notes
John 6:41-71
Focus Verse
“Simon Peter answered him, ‘Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life.
We have come to believe and to know that you are the Holy One of God.’” (John 6:68-69)
Outline
● Jesus: The Son of God – John 6:41-59
● Jesus: The Decision – John 6:60-71
Engage
Have you ever felt like the only one who believes something you know is true? When you
express what you believe, you may be marginalized, criticized, or left out. Christians often
experience this. Standing on biblical truth can cost us friendships, credibility, or even
the freedom to voice our convictions. Does opposition cause you to question what God
has declared to be true? How much weight do you give to popular opinion when even
foundational biblical truths become unpopular? What does it take to withstand attacks
against God’s truth? Take courage. God anchors believers with His Word and His Spirit to
uphold His truth in this world.
When Jesus frankly shared His divine mission as humanity’s Savior, many of His so-called
“disciples” turned away. Jesus was not the Messiah they had imagined. His forthright
teaching—that He came as heaven’s Living Bread—became too difficult to accept. However,
among the quickly departing crowd remained the faithful. A minority saw, believed, and
followed Jesus—the way, the truth, the life.1 Within the mystery of faith, Jesus’s true
followers find an immovable foundation that dispels the confusion surrounding them.
We will not understand everything about Jesus on this side of heaven. However, He has
revealed enough to make our faith in Him firm. We believe in Jesus and follow Him—that
matters most. Eternal life requires a commitment to Christ.
1. The way: John 14:6-7
Jesus: The Son of God – John 6:41-59

In the previous lesson, Jesus declared Himself the Bread of Life. The Father sent His Son from
heaven to give eternal life to all who come to Him. The people following Jesus eagerly desired
that Jesus satisfy their physical hunger. They even wanted to make Jesus their king. However,
the Lord had so much more to offer than they realized. Only Jesus, the Bread of Life, can satisfy
spiritual hunger. The people resisted this glorious truth and chose to ignore what they truly
142 | Lesson 10
needed. Jesus’s honest statement initiated a significant shift in the crowd’s demeanor toward
Him. When Jesus did not give what they desperately wanted, the crowd began to build a case
against the One who came to save them.
The Divinity of Jesus – 6:41-51

The Jews’ Lament – 6:41-42
John referred to Jesus’s hardened opponents as “the Jews,” meaning the Jewish leaders who
rejected Jesus’s clear claim to be God’s Son and the source of eternal life. What the leaders
thought they knew about Jesus overshadowed what Jesus called them to believe. They knew
the earthly definition of Jesus’s parents as Joseph and Mary. They also knew Jesus grew up
in Nazareth. From their perspective, Jesus’s claim of any origin beyond a merely human one
was blasphemous. At that point, people did not know the intimate details of Jesus’s miraculous
conception or the supernatural events surrounding His birth.1 Still, those who scoffed at Jesus
were responsible for their unbelief.
Jesus offered ample proof of His heavenly authority. His sinless life,2 along with His powerful
words and works,3 attested to His equality with the Father.4 Any open, sincere, and unprejudiced
person would have honestly considered His claims. Jesus Christ is who He said He is—the
incarnate Son of the eternal God.
Jesus’s Reply – 6:43-51
“Stop Grumbling” – 6:43

Jesus heard the grumblers and knew their hearts. Jesus did not explain His genealogy or the
virgin birth. He did not soften His claims but reaffirmed the truth that human opinion could not
erase. Jesus confronted the opposing remarks with declarations of truth about Himself and
salvation.
The Drawing of God’s Spirit – 6:44-47

Jesus began His answer with, “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws
them, and I will raise them up at the last day.” Each believer represents a precious gift from
the Father to His Son. The same Heavenly Father who sent Jesus draws people to Him. No
person understands the depth of their sin or seeks salvation in Christ without the Holy Spirit’s
illumination and intervention.5
The truth Jesus explained that day speaks to us today. In love, compassion, and grace, the
Father draws people to believe in His Son. God regenerates dead hearts with spiritual life that
rolls forward until believers experience the glorious consummation of their salvation on the
“last day.” The eternal life that God ignites within His children brings a new quality of life that
begins immediately, never ends, and cannot be taken away.6
1. Divine birth: Luke 1:26-38; 2:1-12; John 1:14; 7:41-42

2. Sinless life: John 8:46
3. Jesus’s heavenly authority: Mark 1:17-28; John 8:14-15
4. Equality with the Father: John 10:25-30; Philippians 2:6
5. Inability to seek God: Romans 3:11
6. Eternal security: John 6:40, 44; 10:28; Romans 8:30, 38-39

Paraphrasing the prophet Isaiah, Jesus said of His people, “They will all be taught by God.”7
These words also point to the New Covenant which provides forgiveness of sins and God’s
laws written on human hearts.8 Although this prophecy awaits complete fulfillment, Jesus
emphasized, “Everyone who has heard the Father and learned from Him comes to me.” All who
answer God’s call to faith and come to Jesus discover truth taught by God’s Spirit. Belief in
Jesus opens hearts and minds to understand God and His Word.
Indwelled, empowered, and enlightened by the Holy Spirit,9 believers enter a lifelong process
that draws them closer to Jesus as they walk toward eternity. Belief opens our hearts and
minds to understand many Bible passages that formerly seemed obscure. The Holy Spirit
always leads God’s children to Jesus when they receive and act on His truth.
God holds human beings responsible for their response to Jesus. The
Belief opens our
grumbling people listening to Jesus closed their hearts and minds and refused
hearts and minds to be drawn to God’s Son.10 Their refusal to believe Him actually revealed
to understand many hostility toward Almighty God and unbelief in the Old Testament prophets.
Bible passages that Jesus highlighted the necessity of God’s work within a human heart as He calls
formerly seemed sinners to salvation. With unrelenting grace, Jesus restated His offer of eternal
obscure. The Holy life from verse 40. Jesus receives all who come to Him in faith.
Spirit always leads
God’s children to The Promise of Everlasting Life – 6:48-50
Jesus when they Jesus refused to back down from the claims that caused His listeners to
grumble. He continued to restate unalterable truth. In the days of Moses and
receive and act
in the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt, manna from heaven temporarily sustained
on His truth.
God’s people in the wilderness. The Israelites ate, yet they died physically.
Jesus again explained that He Himself is the Bread of Life who came down
from heaven to provide eternal life for all who believe.11 To believe, trust, and commit your life
to Jesus is to possess eternal life immediately and forever. Those who die in Christ never “see”
death. When believers die, they see only the Lord, who takes them to be with Him forever.12
Jesus’s Willing Sacrifice of His Life – 6:51

Jesus added deeper meaning as He pointed to His imminent death. He explained that the bread
of life He offered is His flesh—His human life. At the cross, Jesus would give His life for the life
of the world. Jesus said, “everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal
life.”13 Jesus’s meaning is clear: He is the object of true faith. Here, Jesus revealed how “those
who look to Him” in faith spiritually “eat” the bread of His “flesh” and receive His everlasting life.
Like the previous day’s miracle, Jesus offered His bold statement against the backdrop of the
Passover Feast.14 Jesus’s words prophesied His sacrificial death on the cross at the next year’s
Passover.15 Both the Passover lamb and Jesus's giving of His flesh to give life to the world point
to the cross. There, the Lamb of God would die on behalf of sinful people as our substitute.16
7. Taught by God: Isaiah 54:13

8. New Covenant: Jeremiah 31:31-34; Ezekiel 34-36; Hebrews 8:8-13
9. Holy Spirit’s teaching: John 16:12-13; 1 Corinthians 2:10, 14; 1 John 2:20, 27
10. Closed minds and hardened hearts: John 5:37-44; 8:23
11. Bread of Life: John 6:35
12. Life after death: John 8:51; 11:26; Acts 7:55-60; Philippians 1:21-23
13. Eternal life: John 3:14-15; 6:40
14. Passover: John 6:4
15. Jesus’s sacrifice: Isaiah 53:5-6; Matthew 26:28; 1 Peter 2:24
16. Lamb: Exodus 12:3-13; John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:7
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Believers “eat” spiritually of Jesus as they open themselves to receive and live by the fact
that Jesus died to give them a truly new life. Jesus gave up heaven’s glory and died the death
we deserve to pay for our sins. He did this not to merely offer a better life now but to make His
people a new humanity. By the Holy Spirit’s power, believers live out Jesus’s own life in this world.17
The Flesh and Blood of Jesus – 6:52-59

Jesus’s Blood
Deeply troubled by Jesus’s statements, the Jews’ grumbling devolved into argument. Failing
to understand the symbolism of Jesus’s words, they remained repulsed and angered. Jesus did
not let up. His challenge escalated as He used physical imagery to teach spiritual truth.
In the law of Moses, God forbade drinking blood or eating meat with blood remaining in it.
Blood represents the source of life designed by God to be precious and valuable. The only
permissible use for blood in the Old Testament was to make atonement for sin.18 Because
of this law, Orthodox Jews today still drain all blood from meat before cooking it. Yet Jesus
now said, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in
you.” This shocked and deeply offended the people, who refused to acknowledge the spiritual
meaning of His words.
Jesus described Himself as the Passover Lamb. Jesus’s flesh and blood provide everlasting
life. John the Baptist announced Jesus as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the
world.19 Jesus would later proclaim this same truth at His Last Supper.20
Because shedding blood points to death, to “drink” Jesus’s blood is to participate personally
and spiritually in His death. This means trusting that Jesus died for the forgiveness of sins.21
Jesus’s blood also delivers believers from sin’s power.22 In faith, to “drink Christ’s blood”
means counting oneself as having died with Him to the old sinful nature within. Jesus, not sin,
becomes your master. Jesus’s graphic imagery was challenging and offensive to His listeners
but shows how only Jesus sustains spiritually.
Jesus’s Flesh
Jesus’s flesh represents the human life God intended for every person. Jesus sacrificed His
human flesh to offer believers a newness of life—a new humanity. When we receive Christ by
faith, we “eat” or share in His nature. His Holy Spirit dwells in us and gives us the power to live
a new life.
Only Jesus Christ lived without sin in His total human nature—emotions, intellect, and will. In
every situation, Jesus’s human responses always reflected the holy, perfect character of God
Himself. Fallen human nature, also called “flesh,” manifests the old humanity; Jesus’s “flesh”
represents the new humanity. In faith, believers participate in the divine nature of Jesus.23
17. Christlike life: 2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 2:20; Ephesians 2:15-22; Philippians 2:1-5
18. Sacredness of blood: Leviticus 3:17; 7:27; 17:10-14
19. Lamb of God: John 1:29
20. Last Supper: Matthew 26:28
21. Forgiveness of sins: Hebrews 9:14; 1 Peter 1:18-19; 2:24
22. Freedom from sin’s power: Matthew 1:21; Romans 6:7-8
23. Sharing Christ’s divine nature: 2 Peter 1:3-4

“Rightness” Before God
The Doctrine of Righteousness
Righteousness refers to the perfect and unblemished “rightness” of all God is and does.
God’s perfect righteousness means that He cannot tolerate sin. Jesus Christ is the only
person who has lived a perfectly sinless life.1 Everyone else has sinned and continues to
sin.2 When Jesus offered His followers Living Bread, He offered them Himself. Through
Jesus’s achievement and not their own, those who believe in God’s Son receive eternal life.
Believers continue to sin like all other humans, but Jesus’s blood and righteousness cover
their sins. People who believe in Jesus are justified—declared right with God and thus
able to have eternal life in His kingdom. The indwelling Holy Spirit empowers believers to
recognize and repent from sin. Through this ongoing process, called sanctification, the Holy
Spirit imparts practical righteousness as God’s children grow to be more like Jesus.
People often fail to recognize the seriousness of their own lack of true righteousness.
Comparing themselves to others and not God, they feel satisfied if they deem themselves
better than someone else. No one realizes their need of Jesus as Savior without first
acknowledging their inability to live up to God’s righteous standards. This serious matter
should not be deflected or ignored.
In love and grace, God sent His own Son to rescue us from our desperate state. Jesus
paid sin’s penalty on behalf of all who put their faith in Him.3 The Holy Spirit awakens
dead hearts to recognize their debt of sin and turn to Jesus for salvation.4 Through Jesus,
believers gain right standing with God, not because of what they offer, but based on Jesus’s
perfect righteousness. In Jesus, God provided the righteousness He requires that we could
not offer. For eternity, God’s people will praise His Son for His indescribable gift.5
1. Jesus’s sinlessness: 1 Peter 1:18-19, 2:22; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 4:15; 1 John 3:5
2. Everyone sins: Romans 3:10; 1 John 1:8
3. Jesus’s sacrifice: John 3:16; Romans 5:8
4. Holy Spirit’s conviction: John 16:7-8
5. God’s indescribable gift: 2 Corinthians 9:15
In God’s power alone, God’s children trust God’s promises and fight sin in His strength. They
seek His will in daily circumstances and witness to His presence in the world. Believers still sin,
yet are forgiven as they continue to “eat His flesh.” God’s children grow in Christlikeness and
dependence on His indwelling Spirit. “Eating” means meditating on Jesus’s words, taking them
in, acting upon them, and trusting God for the results He promises.
Most Bible teachers believe Jesus’s words in John 6 are not about Holy Communion, or
the Lord’s Supper. However, both point to the same supreme reality—the cross. Both show
believers their great need and immense privilege to share personally in Jesus’s death and life.
Communion outwardly pictures the inward, spiritual reality of “feeding on Jesus.” The next
time you share in the Lord’s Supper, consider this passage of John 6. Ask God to help you, by
faith, to enter fully into the experience of “drinking Jesus’s blood” and “eating His flesh.”
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Eternal Life through Jesus
Jesus’s rich teaching offered serious warnings alongside glorious promises. To refuse Christ
means facing eternity spiritually destitute and without hope. With repeated clarity, Jesus
promised that those who trust Him for salvation would be raised to eternal life at the last day.
The only way to receive eternal life is by participating fully in the death and life of Jesus
Christ through faith in Him.24
All who by faith “eat” the flesh of Christ and “drink” His blood receive a double promise. They
possess eternal life here and now, as well as in heaven. They also gain absolute assurance
of resurrection and eternal life. To receive Jesus means remaining in Him as He remains in
you. Faith in Jesus involves so much more than a one-time decision. Believers are called to
live the same way Jesus lived His human life on earth—in moment-by-moment dependence
on God. Jesus lived by remaining in His Father and made it possible for you to live forever by
remaining in Him. When believers see Jesus Christ in heaven, their transformation will be
made complete. Then “we shall be like Him”—gloriously free of sin and all its barriers— “for we
shall see him as he is.”25
Jesus: The Decision – John 6:60-71

Jesus’s challenging words brought His followers to a critical decision point. The truth about
Jesus confronts all people with an unavoidable, personal, and eternal choice. At this point,
tragically, many of the “disciples” in the crowd turned against Jesus.
Many Leave – 6:60-66

Many who had considered themselves Jesus’s disciples said, “This is a hard teaching. Who
can accept it?” The word “hard” here does not mean difficult to understand, but rather means
unacceptable, harsh, or offensive. Jesus offered these followers satisfaction and fulfillment in
Himself. As the Lamb of God, Jesus would die to take away their sin.26
The wavering followers wanted a Messiah who fulfilled their personal desires—miraculous
manna, material blessings, and political freedom. A suffering Messiah who would bear their
punishment on the cross did not match their expectations.27 The challenging truth Jesus
unrelentingly taught sifted out His true followers from the fickle crowd.
Jesus knew these disciples were grumbling against Him. The apostle Paul would later write:
“For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are
being saved it is the power of God.”28 Even today, following Jesus requires leaving the crowd
to stand with Him.
Jesus’s previous teaching had baffled His listeners, but this time His message created a
dividing line. Purposefully, Jesus turned the discussion from His death to His coming victory.
Jesus’s resurrection and ascension would prove that He is all He claimed to be. Jesus’s words,
24. Life in Christ: Galatians 2:20
25. Freedom: 1 John 3:2
26. Redemption: John 1:29
27. Punishment for sin: Isaiah 53
28. Message of the cross: 1 Corinthians 1:18-19

full of the Holy Spirit’s power, offered life to those who would believe. Yet Jesus knew the very
hearts of the ones who rejected His words and refused the life He came to give. He repeated
the important truth that only those the Father enables can come to Him. Many superficial
disciples turned away from following Jesus.29 Failure to believe results in failure to understand
spiritual truth.
Some Believe – 6:67-71

As the unbelieving crowd departed, Jesus asked His 12 disciples, “You do not want to leave too,
do you?” Peter, often the spokesman for the rest, replied with words that captured their growing
faith and commitment to Jesus: “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life.
We have come to believe and to know that you are the Holy One of God.” Peter confessed faith
as Jesus’s betrayer, Judas, remained in their midst.30 Even when following Jesus is hard, there
is no better place for us.
The truth about Jesus divides people into two camps. While His teaching propelled many to
resist and reject Him, Peter’s statement marked a turning point in Jesus’s ministry and the
lives of the disciples. Peter and the other 10 men committed themselves to following Jesus.
Eternal life requires a commitment to Christ. Where else could we possibly go to find what
we need most—forgiveness from sin and eternal life? There is no other place. There is no
turning back.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
The large crowd that followed Jesus after He miraculously fed 5,000 grew impatient with
His teaching. They took offense when Jesus taught them further about the Living Bread.
While through Moses God provided daily manna for His people to live in the wilderness, Jesus
Himself was heaven’s bread and the source of eternal life. Those God the Father draws to God
the Son “drink” His blood by accepting His atoning sacrifice that covers their sin. They “eat”
His flesh by living as new humanity, indwelled and sealed with the Holy Spirit. God declares
believers righteous and promises them a place in His eternal kingdom.
Eternal life is a gift that requires a commitment to Christ. For many, that is too much to ask.
The idea of a sacrificial Messiah, rather than the worldly conqueror the crowd imagined and
desired, led many to reject Jesus. Belief in Jesus is the only work He requires. Jesus’s claims
divide humanity into two camps. Believers are the Father’s gift to His Son. Jesus will never
turn away from those given to Him by the Father. Those who reject Jesus and His truth remain
separated from Him forever.
29. Difficult to accept: 1 Corinthians 2:7-12, 14

30. Judas’s betrayal: John 13:21-30; 18:2-6
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Apply It
No one automatically receives the gift of eternal life. By faith, you must spiritually “drink” and
“eat” of Jesus. Jesus shed His blood for you. He gives those who believe in Him the Bread of
Life—eternal satisfaction in Him to enjoy today. Eternal life through Jesus Christ is God’s free
gift to those who take and eat. If not, Jesus says, “You have no life in you.” If you desire this
Bread of Life, know that God is drawing you. Jesus will not turn you away. Will you turn from
your sins to God? Ask for faith to believe that Jesus’s blood, shed on the cross, has cleansed
you completely in God’s sight.
How would you describe your spiritual appetite? Bread that remains untasted upon the shelf
cannot satisfy hunger. Do you regularly feed on Jesus by reading and applying His words? How
aware are you that the Holy Spirit longs to cover you with Jesus’s sinless life while leading you
to forsake specific sin? Have you allowed this world’s busyness or temptations to dull your
appetite for God? Ask God to allow no other food to satisfy you more than He does. By God’s
grace, He desires to awaken within us a permeating hunger that only He can satisfy. Jesus’s
words are “Spirit and life.” As you read the Bible, ask the Holy Spirit to make God’s Word alive
and deeply satisfying to you. Thank Him when He does, and then turn to Him for more. God
both satisfies our deepest hunger and makes us hungry again to receive further truth.
Jesus’s words demand a response. Peter knew he had no better place to go than Jesus.
Turning away was not an option. Perhaps you find yourself with more questions than answers
or more confusion than understanding. How do you respond when God does not do things the
way you expect? God uses our perplexity to call us to Himself and to trust Him with what we do
not understand. People who experience God’s faithfulness in life learn there is no safer or more
secure place to turn than Jesus. The truth that causes some to run from Jesus leads believers
to run toward Him. Where else can we go? Only Jesus has the words of eternal life and the
power to take us safely to eternity’s shore. Forever will not be long enough for your finite mind
to grasp all there is of Jesus’s infinite goodness, truth, power, and love. There is no god like our
God.31 Jesus is the only Savior we need. He is enough. There is no better place to go than to
Jesus— the Holy One of God!
31. No god like our God: Exodus 8:10; 15:11; 1 Samuel 2:2;1 Kings 8:23; 2 Chronicles 14:11

JOHN: LESSON 11
Jesus at the Feast LESSON
of Tabernacles SCRIPTURE
JOHN 7
Lesson Questions
1. What in the lecture helped you better understand Jesus as the Bread of Life and His heart
to receive people who turn to Him for salvation?
2. How did the notes help you recognize God’s work in your life this week?

Jesus’s encounter with His brothers revealed His priorities.
3. a. From verse 1, why did Jesus choose to remain in Galilee?
b. Why did Jesus’s brothers want Him to go to Jerusalem?
Lesson 11 | 151
c. What do you learn from Jesus’s answer in verses 6-8?
4. a. Describe the reactions to Jesus among the people in Jerusalem.
b. How do these responses remind you of the way people, including Christians, view
Jesus today?

Jesus’s teaching in Jerusalem revealed the source of His authority.
5. How did the people in the temple courts react when Jesus began to teach?
6. a. What did Jesus reveal about Himself in verse 16?
b. How did He challenge those listening in verses 17-19?
7. a. Jesus challenged the Jewish leaders about their response to His Sabbath healing
recorded in 5:1-15. What corrective words did He offer in verses 22-24?
b. In what ways might you be tempted to rely on “mere appearances” alone? How could
you begin to assess situations and people in a godly way? (See also 1 Samuel 16:7.)
152 | Lesson 11
Jesus’s claims of authority incited controversy and opposition.
8. a. What caused the Jewish religious leaders to try to arrest Jesus? Why did they fail?
b. How does this scene give you confidence in the Lord?
9. a. What did Jesus mean when He said, “You will not find me; and where I am, you
cannot come”?
b. How did the people respond to this statement?
10. In what ways do you sometimes find Jesus’s words or biblical truths challenging to
understand? What helps you? (See also 1 Corinthians 2:6-16.)

Jesus’s teaching confounded the crowd and angered the Jewish religious leaders.
11. a. To whom did Jesus refer when He spoke of “rivers of living water”?
b. How does “living water” flow from within a believer? What does this mean practically?
c. In what ways does this passage reveal the unity of purpose and work between the
Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit? (Reread John 7:16-17.)

12. a. After hearing Jesus’s claims at the Feast, who did the people suggest He was? (See also
Deuteronomy 18:15 and Micah 5:2.)
b. What kept them from believing the truth about Jesus?
c. When have you struggled to balance logical facts, public opinion, and God’s truth?
13. a. What argument did Nicodemus offer in defense of Jesus? How was his input received?
b. How willing are you to courageously stand for truth in a hostile crowd? What holds
you back?

Jesus confronts confusion with clarifying truth.
14. What truth about Jesus or the people around Him most impacted you this week?

154 | Lesson 11
Lecture Notes

Lesson 11 Notes
John 7
Focus Verse
“Jesus answered, ‘My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me.’”
(John 7:16)
Outline
● Confrontation regarding Jesus’s Timing – John 7:1-10
● Controversy about Jesus’s Teaching – John 7:11-36
● Conflict over Jesus’s Truth – John 7:37-52
Engage
While some people relish controversy for its dramatic value, others fear conflict and seek
consensus at any cost. Differing opinions often escalate to create friction as people
passionately promote their own conclusions above other ideas. In many places today,
not only disregarding alternative views but “canceling” those with whom we disagree
appears acceptable. What should we do when the Bible’s teaching causes disruption or
disagreement? How swayed should we be by public opinion? How do we navigate a world
in which defining your own “truth” is both acceptable and promoted?
Jesus’s words and ways incited a barrage of varying opinions when He entered the public
arena. At every turn, His own family, Israel’s religious leaders, and casual observers
questioned who He was as well as what He said and did. A rising wave of dissenting voices
resisted the resolute truth Jesus proclaimed. Jesus proceeded to speak boldly for God and
as God, unhindered by public opinion. Words that could have unified people instead divided
them. The human heart has not changed. We still wrestle with internal conflict and continue
to fear being outnumbered. How can we navigate a world in which discord abounds? Jesus
confronts confusion with clarifying truth. As we study God’s Word, let us train our ears to
hear God speak louder than all the other voices in our world.
Confrontation regarding Jesus’s Timing – John 7:1-10

After Jesus’s uncompromising teaching in John 6, an atmosphere of open controversy and
confused thinking arose about Jesus and His authority. Jesus moved ahead amid a stormy
climate of heckling interruptions, accusations, and the constant threat of arrest and death.
The ways people responded to the truth Jesus proclaimed revealed the states of their hearts.1
1. Hearts revealed: Luke 2:34-35
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Due to mounting hostility, Jesus remained around Galilee, rather than going to Jerusalem
where Jewish opposition might prematurely escalate. Jesus’s path to Jerusalem and His
sacrificial death unfolded on His Father’s timetable, not man’s. The events in this chapter
occurred “when the Jewish Festival of Tabernacles was near.” Around six months had elapsed
between Jesus’s miracles and teaching on the Bread of Life that occurred close to Passover.2
The Feast of Tabernacles was one of three feasts the Mosaic Law required Jewish men to
attend.3 By the first century, most Jews considered it good enough to attend one of the three
feasts per year. The people built structures of leaves and branches during this popular feast,
which celebrated the harvest of grapes and olives and commemorated God’s faithfulness
during the wilderness wandering. Later in this account, Jesus drew on the feast’s symbolism
in His teaching.
Brotherly Advice – 7:3-5

Jesus’s brothers presumed He would attend the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. They
suggested this as an opportunity to make Him more widely known. What motivated their
advice? Verse 5 tells us they did not believe in Jesus. Did they make this suggestion in sincerity
or tinged with cynicism? Whatever motivated Jesus’s brothers, their counsel reflects worldly
thinking that elevates self-promotion, popularity, and notoriety through whatever method
produces results. Here, family members promoted an agenda that was not in step with God’s
plan for Jesus. Their encouragement for Jesus to seek a bigger arena to showcase His
miracles did not align with His higher purposes.
The resistance Jesus faced from His own family members should help prepare believers to
stand firm even when people close to us do not understand our allegiance to God. The world’s
value system, our families, our friends, and conflicting emotions within us can tempt us to
resist God’s ways. Like Jesus, a steadfast commitment to follow God means following His path
regardless of what others recommend.
Jesus certainly performed miracles that demonstrated His divine authority, but He did not offer
signs of God’s power merely to stun crowds or create a spectacle. Most often, He healed the
sick and spoke God’s truth to ordinary people. Most of His followers were not people who
were impressive by the world’s standards.4 God confronts this world’s value system with His
better ways.
God’s Timing – 7:6-10

Jesus would enter Jerusalem and challenge the Jewish religious power brokers on God’s terms
and timetable. Jesus’s reply to His brothers offers helpful perspective about what matters
most. Jesus measured His steps and planned His path by an entirely different set of rules
than those that governed others.
2. Passover: John 6:4

3. Festival attendance: Deuteronomy 16:16
4. By human standards: 1 Corinthians 1:25-27

The Jewish “Pilgrim” Feasts
Leviticus 23 and Deuteronomy 16 list three festivals Jewish men were commanded to
attend in Jerusalem.
● Feast of Unleavened Bread (Leviticus 23:4-6, 9-11): For seven days beginning the
night after Passover, bread was made without yeast and offerings were brought
to the Lord. On the second day of the feast, the priest presented a sheaf of barley
representing the harvest to the Lord.
● Feast of Weeks (Leviticus 23:15-21): Also known as Pentecost, this feast was
celebrated seven weeks after Passover. The first of the wheat harvest and animal
sacrifices were offered to the Lord. Harvesters were to leave the corners of their
fields untouched to allow the poor and immigrants to gather food for themselves.
● Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:33-39): Five days after the Day of Atonement, on
the fifteenth day of the seventh month, worshipers celebrated the grape and olive
harvests. The people assembled to thank God for His blessings. They ceased from
regular work and built shelters of branches to remember God’s faithfulness in the
wilderness.
The Timetable Jesus Followed – 7:6

Jesus told His brothers, “My time is not yet here; for you any time will do.” People who
live by their own agendas assume they can do whatever they want, whenever they choose.
Often, Jesus used the Greek word hora when He referred to the coming time of His death and
resurrection. Here, the Greek word kairos communicates the best time or greatest opportunity.
Jesus clearly expressed that the time was not right for Him to go to Jerusalem. Jesus’s
submission to His Father in the details of His ministry remains clear.
The Response Jesus Provoked – 7:7

We know that Jesus’s brothers were not yet believers. He told them, “The world cannot hate
you, but it hates me because I testify that its works are evil.” Jesus so embodied God’s holiness
and righteousness that, by contrast, He constantly exposed the world’s evil.5 For this reason,
the world hated Jesus. Those who blend in with the world do not face opposition. When God’s
people live by His standards and are led by His Spirit, the evil world reacts in alarm.
The Obedience Jesus Demonstrated – 7:8-10

Jesus told His brothers to go to the feast without Him. The time was not right and the motives
they expressed did not align with Jesus’s purposes. Jesus would later attend the feast
privately—remaining faithful to His Father and to His Jewish culture. Sensitivity and surrender
to God in life’s details and decisions allow us to recognize His purposeful timing over our
5. World’s evil: John 3:19
158 | Lesson 11
moments and days.6 In a greater measure than we experience, Jesus faced family pressure and
demands on His time. Jesus’s constant surrender to His Father sets an example for us. Jesus
did everything His Father asked Him to do, but not everything others demanded of Him.
Controversy about Jesus’s Teaching – John 7:11-36
Jesus’s Integrity – 7:11-13

When Jesus secretly arrived in Jerusalem during the Feast of Tabernacles, the crowds were
already abuzz with speculation. Some watched intently, while others whispered furtively.
The Jewish officials were looking for Him. They expected Jesus at the feast and still desired
to arrest and kill Him. Pilgrims filled Jerusalem and chatter ensued. The crowds feared the
religious leaders7 and buried their speculation in quiet undertones. Opinions about Jesus varied
exceedingly. Some saw Him as a good man, while others viewed Him as a deceiver. The ever-
vacillating tide of public opinion shifted wildly.
Jesus’s Authority – 7:14-24

The Response to Jesus’s Authority – 7:14-15
Halfway through the feast, Jesus entered the temple courts in Jerusalem and began to teach.
Amazed by Jesus’s obvious authority but unwilling to recognize its divine source, the Jewish
leaders asked, “How did this man get such learning without having been taught?” Jesus’s
knowledge and wisdom did not match His humble origins as the son of a carpenter from
Nazareth. He had not attended their rabbinical schools, yet He skillfully taught the Old Testament
Scriptures with great insight. The leaders were clearly astonished but remained unchanged.
The Reality behind Jesus’s Authority – 7:16-19
The Source of Jesus’s Authority – 7:16

Jesus plainly revealed God as the source of His authority. He answered, “My teaching is not
my own. It comes from the one who sent me.” He did not glean His thoughts from school or
His imagination. Jesus’s wisdom came entirely from His unique and uninterrupted union and
communion with His Father. Jesus spoke His Father’s words with His Father’s authority.8 To
question Jesus is to question God.
The Invitation that Comes with Jesus’s Authority – 7:17-19

Those who honestly seek God, His will, and His truth discover with certainty that Jesus’s
teaching comes from God. In His Bread of Life discourse, Jesus answered the question of
what it means to do God’s will. He clearly declared, “The work of God is this: to believe in the
one he has sent.”9 John’s Gospel frequently referred to Jesus as a “sent one.”10 Unwillingness
6. God’s plan for us: Ephesians 2:10

7. Fear of religious leaders: John 9:22
8. Speaking for His Father: John 12:49; 14:7
9. God’s will defined: John 6:29
10. Sent one: John 3:34; 5:23, 30, 36, 38; 6:38-39, 44, 57; 7:16, 18, 28-29

to recognize Jesus’s authority is not primarily an intellectual issue, but a moral one—refusal
to believe who He is and what God has declared about Him. If you are willing to obey, you will
discern truth about Jesus. Believing is seeing.
A rebellious heart refuses to embrace what God declares. Those who declare their own
supposed truth speak on their own authority for personal gain. By contrast, a person who
lives in God’s truth seeks God’s glory, not their own. Belief in Jesus is our ultimate moral
responsibility and a great, gracious work of God in a human heart. God awakens our desire to
know and seek Him.11 As we respond in faith, God continues to draw us to Himself and reveal
His truth to us.
Jesus knew the real heart condition of the Jewish leaders and fickle crowd who stood before
Him. The religiously astute had accused the Lord of the Sabbath of breaking their laws.12
Divinely aware, Jesus understood that the leaders sought to kill Him.
The Rejection of Jesus’s Authority – 7:20-24

The crowd accused Jesus of being demon-possessed and questioned who was seeking His
death. He cited the example of their scrupulous adherence to circumcision of boys on the
Sabbath day, yet their refusal to accept His Sabbath healing. He found their judgment incorrect,
based on skin-deep appearances, and lacking what really mattered.
Jesus’s Origin – 7:25-32

Confusion – 7:25-27
Jesus’s open defiance of the religious leaders surprised the watching crowd. As yet another
example of the confusion of public opinion, the people questioned with rising chatter whether
Jesus could be the Messiah since they thought they knew where Jesus was from.13 The buzz
of unanswered questions and aimless speculation failed to recognize Jesus’s identity. Truth
rarely emerges from the noise of the crowd.
Clarity – 7:28-32
About Jesus’s Authority – 7:28-29

Still teaching from within the temple courts, Jesus accelerated His declaration of authority.
The fickle crowd thought they knew Jesus’s physical origins, yet they entirely missed His divine
essence. Jesus did not come on His own authority but as a divinely appointed and deployed
delegate of His Father. He boldly charged that they did not know His Father as He did. No one
can claim to know God and reject Jesus.
About the Pharisees’ Intentions – 7:30-32

Jesus’s words unmasked the murderous intentions of those who opposed Him. They could not
silence His message despite their intensified efforts to seize Jesus. Sovereign power overruled
their evil desires, and they could not arrest Jesus because His “hour” had not yet come. Again,
11. Seeking truth: John 6:44

12. Sabbath: Matthew 12:1-5; John 5:1-16
13. Jesus’s origin: Micah 5:1-2; Matthew 2:1-6, 19-23; John 1:45-46
160 | Lesson 11
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—One God in Three Persons
The Doctrine of The Trinity
As humans, we struggle to understand the width and breadth of God’s all-encompassing
nature.1 The unity of purpose that exists and operates within the three persons of God is
equally beautiful and mysterious. In John 7, Jesus revealed that He spoke on behalf of His
Father. He promised the indwelling Holy Spirit as the source of living water to satisfy the
soul-thirst of all who believe in Him. The unity among God the Father, God the Son, and God
the Holy Spirit continues to humble and baffle us.
The Bible clearly upholds the union of the three persons of the Godhead. Though distinct,
all three are fully God and work harmoniously with one another to accomplish God’s plan.
As God reveals His truth to us, we increasingly come to appreciate the majesty of the
triune God we worship. God the Father sent God the Son into the world to save sinners.2
God the Holy Spirit sparks new life within believers; seals them as God’s children; and
provides ongoing, indwelling power to live for God.3 The past, present, and future aspects of
salvation involve all three persons of God.4
Anyone who fails to appreciate the beautiful cooperation and community among the three
persons of God misses an awesome glimpse of God Himself. Though human limitations
do not allow us to grasp the totality of wonder surrounding God, whatever we understand
is more than enough to humble us before His greatness. Many attempt the impossible—to
confine God to the boundaries of their intellect or personal approval. In Jesus’s day and
ours, most people reject truth they cannot understand.
Jesus came representing His Father’s heart, accomplishing His Father’s will, and
demonstrating His Father’s authority. The Holy Spirit draws us to Christ and gives
us the power to surrender with obedience to the Father. Believers can rejoice in the
boundlessness of God that exceeds the confines of their own minds. The simple unity,
complex diversity, and amazing cooperation within the three persons of God should lead
us to worship a God who surpasses us in every way. If you are a believer, will you marvel at
all God has done to save you? If you have not yielded to God, in all His infinite wisdom and
wonder, will you do so today?
1. God’s higher ways: Isaiah 55:8-9
2. The Father sent the Son: 1 John 4:14
3. The Holy Spirit: Acts 2:38; 2 Corinthians 1:21-22; Ephesians 1:13; 4:30
4. Three persons: Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 2:30-36; Ephesians 1:3-10; Colossians 1:15-20; Hebrews 1:1-4
God’s timing ruled outcomes. Despite the controversy and confusion, many in the crowd
believed in Jesus. The indignant Pharisees overheard the whispers of the crowd and sent the
temple guards to arrest Jesus.

Jesus’s Destiny – 7:33-36
As opposition mounted, Jesus announced His impending return to His Father. Jesus came
from His Father and would return to Him. He said, “You will look for me, but you will not find
me,” and “Where I am, you cannot come.” The offended Jews entirely missed Jesus’s meaning.
He spoke more deeply than they could comprehend. Their misinterpretation of His words and
rejection of His mission did not change anything. Jesus would walk on earth for a brief time.
Turning to Him in faith remained a matter of urgent importance.
Conflict over Jesus’s Truth – John 7:37-52

For the first seven days of the Feast of Tabernacles, the people lived in tree-branch shelters
to commemorate God’s faithfulness to Israel in the wilderness. After this, the ceremonies
continued. After offering the sacrifice, a priest filled a golden pitcher with water from the Pool
of Siloam. The crowd shouted and played festive music as he brought the filled pitcher back
into the temple. Such great rejoicing resounded among the people that rabbis claimed those
who had not seen the ceremony had never experienced true joy. The priest cried, “Lift up your
hand,” and poured the water out of the golden pitcher. Accompanied by cymbals and trumpets,
the people replied, “With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation.”14 According to
rabbinic tradition, these words pointed to Messiah.
The last day of the festival differed from the others.15 This eighth day commemorated the new
era initiated by the Israelites’ entrance into the promised land of Canaan. No water was drawn
on this day, symbolizing the Israelites’ transition from the desert to the waters of Canaan.
Jesus’s Invitation – 7:37-39

“On the last and greatest day of the festival, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, ‘Let anyone
who is thirsty come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as Scripture has said, rivers of
living water will flow from within them.’” Jesus is the fulfillment of Old Testament symbolism. In
John 4, Jesus promised the Samaritan woman that those who believe in Him receive living water
in their inner being. He now declared this fulfillment of prophecy. In Psalm 63:1, David expressed
his need for God: “You, God, are my God, earnestly I seek you; I thirst for you, my whole being
longs for you, in a dry and parched land where there is no water.”16 Isaiah declared, “Come, all
you who are thirsty, come to the waters; and you who have no money, come, buy and eat!”17 Here
in John, Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit, who would indwell, guide, and satisfy those who put their
faith in Him.18
14. Wells of salvation: Isaiah 12:3

15. Last day of the festival: Leviticus 23:36
16. Thirst for God: Psalm 42:1-2
17. Satisfied by God: Isaiah 55:1
18. Coming Holy Spirit: John 14:15-17; Acts 2:1-13
162 | Lesson 11
Confusion Abounds – 7:40-49
The Bewildered Crowd – 7:40-44
The puzzled crowd remained split over Jesus’s words. The truth about Jesus divides people.
Some saw Jesus as a prophet, some as the promised Messiah. Others questioned Jesus’s origin
from Galilee, not realizing He was born in Bethlehem. Some wanted to seize and silence Jesus,
but no one laid a hand on Him. Almost everyone who comes to faith in Jesus has questions.
When people truly seek to believe, God provides the insight needed to put faith in His Son.
The Unbelieving Jewish Leaders – 7:45-49

When the temple guards commissioned to seize Jesus returned without Him, the Pharisees
wondered why. The astonished guards marveled over Jesus’s words, “No one ever spoke the
way this man does.” The proud and angry Pharisees accused the guards of being deceived.
They argued that no one of their religious stature had believed in Jesus. They declared the
mob to be cursed, with no understanding of God’s law. Surely they thought only uneducated,
simpleminded people followed Jesus.
The Courageous Challenge – 7:50-52

Amid the arrogant rant of the religious leaders, Nicodemus asked a bold question. Nicodemus had
visited Jesus at night and heard His life-giving appeal. In a meeting with his indignant colleagues,
Nicodemus risked raising a point of the law that should have tempered their response. Should they
condemn a man without first hearing from him directly? The angry rulers ignored Nicodemus’s
honest question of legality and sought to embarrass him. They accused him of being a Galilean like
Jesus—coming from a place that would never produce a prophet of God. They forgot or chose to
ignore that Isaiah foretold the Messiah’s light would shine in Galilee.19
Conflict and division swirled around Jesus. Nothing has changed. The reality of who Jesus is
thrills and strengthens believers, while those who reject Him remain shrouded in a cloud of chaos.
The varying voices of the crowd leave us mired in a sea of churning opinions. Jesus confronts
confusion with clarifying truth. The question, “Who is Jesus, and what is your response to Him?”
divides people today and will continue to do so until He returns. How do you answer that question?
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus’s person, message, and mission created a storm of misconceptions, speculation,
and misguided conclusions. Jesus’s own brothers encouraged Him to seek a public forum
at the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem. They did not understand that public accolades and
prominence did not fit Jesus’s agenda. As Jesus slipped into Jerusalem and taught in the
temple, people rejected His claims of speaking on behalf of His Father. They denied Jesus’s
19. Isaiah’s prophecy regarding Galilee: Isaiah 9:1-2

divine authority while declaring Him a madman. Those who opposed Jesus, specifically the
Jewish religious leaders, sought to seize and kill Him. The watching crowd vainly speculated
with a buzz of empty conversation that failed to grasp the truth.
Jesus captured the hearts of a believing minority while the vast majority remained astonished
and puzzled but unbelieving. As then, the distorted conclusions of the vocal crowd today
mostly fall short. Opinion polls will never represent unchanging truth. People who put their faith
in Christ stand apart from, not with, the crowd. Jesus’s authority challenges everything this
world promotes as important. Even if our initial steps toward Christ meet opposition, like the
appeal of Nicodemus to the angry Pharisees, standing with and for Jesus matters most. Jesus
speaks with God’s authority for our ultimate good.
Apply It
When Jesus’s brothers suggested He find a bigger stage to showcase His wonders, Jesus
refused. He operated on God’s timetable alone. His life, His words, His works, His followers,
and His enemies proceeded as God ordained. No one could take His life until the time God
predetermined. Jesus’s trust in His Father’s plan removed fear of the future or pressure to
conform to any other agenda. What holds you back or coerces you forward as you navigate
life? When we find our security in God Himself, we need not waver in fear or uncertainty about
the future. How do you respond when obeying God brings difficulty? What can the world take
away that surpasses what Christ gives you? Believers live safe in the arms of Christ forever—
even if they die a martyr’s death. No compromise with this world ever matches what obeying
Christ delivers. Eternal gain matters more than temporary loss.
No one likes confusion. Clarity and consistency appeal to us. However, in times when opinions
rage and people constantly question established facts, we struggle to know what to believe.
Views about Jesus divided the crowd gathered in Jerusalem. Nothing has changed. In every
age, the clatter of opinions seeks to question what God has declared. How can we discern truth
when so many varying thoughts abound? Is there a way to unwaveringly stand on what the Bible
teaches and on Jesus’s declarations without being combative or judged as narrow-minded?
Following Jesus requires taking a path the majority rejects. Believers must be increasingly
comfortable standing with God despite how others respond. God helps His children trust Him
and uphold truth with grace and courage. The Bible clarifies what the world seeks to distort. How
has God’s unchanging truth helped you navigate the ever-mutating agenda of this world?
Jesus promised that “rivers of living water” would flow from within those who believed in Him.
God intends for His children to share the cleansing, refreshment, and restoration He pours
into them with spiritually thirsty people. Living water does not stagnate in a pool but flows like
a river that brings blessings to others. In what way might you be stingy or self-satisfied with
God’s abundant blessings? We should not hoard spiritual blessings but see the opportunities
God gives us to extend His grace to others. The benefits of your salvation are for today, not
just for eternity. Do you study the Bible just for personal rewards or to be strengthened and
equipped to reach out to others? Whom do you know who would benefit from the Christian
fellowship you so enjoy? If you are a believer, a stream of living water flows vibrantly from
within you. God’s own Spirit empowers you to share what you know and love about Jesus with
others. Where is God sending you to speak for Him?
JOHN: LESSON 12
Jesus: The Light LESSON
of the World SCRIPTURE

JOHN 8
Lesson Questions
1. What truth in the notes did you find clarifying, challenging, or encouraging?
2. How did the lecture challenge or encourage you in a way that impacted your life this week?

Religious leaders brought a woman caught in adultery to Jesus.
3. a. Describe the religious leaders’ attitude toward Jesus and the woman caught in adultery.
Lesson 12 | 165
b. What do you learn about Jesus from His response to the leaders and the woman?
4. a. Why do we more readily recognize the sins of others while ignoring or defending our
own sins?
b. How can you better reflect Jesus’s heart to others struggling with sin?
5. How do Jesus’s words to the woman recorded in verse 11 demonstrate His character and
heart for sinners?

Jesus revealed He is the Light of the World.
6. What does it mean that Jesus is the Light of the World? How does this truth impact you
personally?
7. From verses 13-20, list the witnesses Jesus gave that prove His testimony is valid. What
does this say about Him?
8. How did Jesus explain the difference between Himself and the people in verses 23-24?
166 | Lesson 12
9. What did you learn from Jesus’s answer to the question the people asked in verse 25?
10. When Jesus spoke of being “lifted up” in verse 28, to what did He refer? Why is this
significant today?

Jesus offers freedom from bondage to spiritual darkness.
11. a. Describe the freedom Jesus spoke of in verses 31-36. How can people receive
this freedom?
b. Share specific freedoms you have been given by Jesus, God’s Son.
12. a. From verses 37-44, how did Jesus directly challenge the Israelites who proudly claimed
Abraham as their father?
b. Why did Jesus say that His opponents failed to recognize or believe in Him?
c. How can you distinguish between the truth of God and the lies of Satan?

Fifth Day: Read John 8:48-59 and Exodus 3:12-15.
The frustrated crowd insulted and threatened Jesus.
13. What do the following passages mean?
a. John 8:51
b. John 8:56 (See also Genesis 12:3.)
14. a. How does Jesus’s statement in verse 58 reflect Exodus 3:12-15? Why is this important?
b. What difference does this make in your life?

Jesus exposes sin to free the sinner.
15. What did you learn about the nature, power, and character of the Lord Jesus in John 8?

168 | Lesson 12
Lecture Notes

Lesson 12 Notes
John 8
Focus Verse
“So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.” (John 8:36)
Outline
● Jesus Liberates from Sin and Shame – John 8:1-11
● Jesus Liberates from Spiritual Darkness – John 8:12-30
● Jesus Liberates from Spiritual Bondage – John 8:31-59
Engage
How do you respond when your sin, shortfalls, or insecurities become exposed? A variety of
responses can follow, but a default reaction often includes defensiveness laced with anger
or denial. While some try to hide the truth or shift blame, others seek distractions to keep
from feeling embarrassed or ashamed. As fallen people who constantly fall short, we avoid
exposure at all costs. Like Adam and Eve, we attempt to hide our sins, failures, and flaws.1
Yet regardless of how hard we try, sin’s fallout catches up with us.
Throughout His earthly ministry, Jesus encountered individuals who found themselves
unexpectedly exposed. John records Jesus’s conversations with a lonely woman at a well,
with another woman caught in adultery, and with powerful men armed with religious pride.
Jesus came to save the world. He revealed the inability of every human, despite wealth or
status, to free themselves from sin’s bondage. Whether caught in personal sin, entrenched
in false belief, or blinded by selfish ambition, every person needs the freedom from sin
that only Jesus can give. In word and deed, Jesus proclaimed He is the Light of the World.
Jesus exposes sin to free the sinner. The light of salvation dispels darkness.
1. Hiding our sinfulness: Genesis 3:7
Jesus Liberates from Sin and Shame – John 8:1-11

The story of Jesus and the woman caught in adultery appears in italics in the NIV because some
of the oldest biblical manuscripts do not include the account. However, early church leaders
referred to this passage as far back as AD 100. Little doubt exists that this depicts a genuine
episode in Jesus’s ministry, even though this passage was not originally part of John’s Gospel.
Since the account illustrates Jesus’s character, the placement of the narrative at the beginning
of chapter 8 seems appropriate. Jesus’s interaction with the woman and her arrogant accusers
shines liberating light on sin’s harsh reality. He frees people from sin’s deadly grip.
170 | Lesson 12
The Trap – 8:1-6a
As Jesus taught in the temple courts, the teachers of the law and Pharisees seized the
opportunity to try to entrap Him. They brought Jesus what they considered an ironclad case—
one that would draw criticism no matter how He answered. They addressed Jesus, “Teacher,
this woman was caught in the act of adultery. In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such
women. Now what do you say?” They extended no compassion or sympathy for the broken
woman. She became a pawn in their scheme. Having been “caught in the act of adultery,” it is
notable that only the woman was brought to Jesus.
Early in Israel’s history, the Law established adultery as punishable by death.1 The religious
leaders thought they had set a perfect trap for Jesus.
● If Jesus responded that the woman should be stoned, He would forfeit His reputation
for mercy.
● If Jesus called for the woman’s death, He would be seen as a criminal by the Roman
government, which prohibited Jews from exercising the death penalty.
● If Jesus declared she should be pardoned, the religious leaders would claim He broke
the Mosaic law by permitting sin that dishonored God as well as the human body
created in His image.2
The Response – 8:6b-8

Imagine the religious leaders’ disregard for the woman they humiliated in front of the crowd.
She stood defenseless before the men who judged her. Her fate rested in Jesus’s hands while
she endured self-righteous condemnation from the others.
Rather than respond in haste, Jesus allowed the crowd to steep in the sourness of their own
hearts. He created an uncomfortable reflective pause while His opponents anxiously waited for
their trap to spring. Jesus quietly stooped down and began to write on the ground. We do not
know what or why the Lord wrote, though many have speculated. As Jesus wrote, the religious
leaders pummeled Him with questions.
Jesus stood and caught each listener off guard by stating, “Let any one of you who is without
sin be the first to throw a stone at her.” Jesus did not absolve this woman of her sin. He did not
dispute the accusation against her. Instead, Jesus placed her in proper context: the woman,
though guilty of sin, dwelt among a company of sinners. Every person in the crowd, except for
Jesus, deserved God’s judgment. All were sinners in need of mercy.
Jesus’s response brought a long, heavy silence as He stooped again to write on the ground.
With divine wisdom and penetrating knowledge, He exposed the true nature of the hearts that
accused this woman. At that moment, the leaders stood spiritually exposed and unable to
muster a response.
Jesus’s penetrating words surely caused His listeners to consider their own sinfulness. They
likely knew well God’s command: “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your
1. Adultery’s penalty: Leviticus 20:10

2. Dishonoring God’s image: Genesis 1:27; 2:23-24; 1 Corinthians 6:12-20

soul and with all your strength.”3 Who among them kept this commandment perfectly? God
had commanded them to “love your neighbor as yourself.”4 Their actions indicated their lack of
love toward this woman. Like a double-edged sword, Jesus’s words pierced the self-righteous
consciences of those around Him.5 They stood chastened, humbled, and now silenced by their
own sinfulness. One by one, the crowd departed.
The Grace – 8:9-11

After the finger-pointing crowd slunk away, this woman stood alone before Jesus. He asked
who was left to condemn her. Certainly not Jesus—He came not to condemn but to save.6
“No one, sir,” she answered. With tender mercy, Jesus replied, “Then neither do I condemn you.”
The woman, who no doubt still expected harsh judgment, heard Jesus speak words of grace
and compassion.
Jesus neither tolerated, condoned, nor encouraged this woman’s sin. With His divine
perspective, Jesus met her personally and called her to a redeemed life. Jesus told her, “Go
now and leave your life of sin.” Having been forgiven, she was asked to respond accordingly
to grace. John did not record the woman’s response. Instead, he highlighted Jesus’s life-giving
words that called the woman to repentance, forgiveness, and redemption. Jesus offers all who
would believe a renewed life in Him.
Jesus Liberates from Spiritual Darkness – John 8:12-30

The Feast of Tabernacles had just ended. This festival, which was a time of great light in
Jerusalem, provided a fitting backdrop for Jesus’s divine revelation of Himself. The feast
included the nightly lighting of four large candelabras. Josephus, a Jewish historian, said the
blaze’s brilliance contained enough light to fill every courtyard in Jerusalem. Throughout the
evening, men with flaming torches danced and sang praise songs accompanied by musical
instruments.7 Temporary shelters caused the people to recall God’s faithfulness in the
wilderness. The light called attention to God’s shining cloud by day and His pillar of fire at night
that guided His people from exile to the promised land.
A Darkness-Shattering Claim – 8:12

Jesus presented a bold claim regarding His identity. Like the morning sun breaking into a new
day, Jesus spoke into spiritual darkness, declaring, “I am the light of the world.” Light dispels
darkness and illuminates God’s glory.8 From the first day of creation9 to Revelation’s picture of
the New Jerusalem,10 God displays His holiness, truth, and splendor through glorious light.
3. Love God: Deuteronomy 6:5

4. Love others: Leviticus 19:18
5. Double-edged sword: Hebrews 4:12
6. Jesus came to save: John 3:16-17
7. Alfred Edersheim, The Temple: Its Ministry and Services (Sacramento: Creative Media Partners, 2018).
8. God’s light: Job 29:2-3; Psalms 27:1; 78:14; 105:39; Isaiah 60:19; Micah 7:8
9. Creation of light: Genesis 1:3
10. Heavenly light: Revelation 22:5
172 | Lesson 12
An Indisputable Testimony – 8:13-20
With eyes accustomed to darkness, the Pharisees turned away from Jesus’s sudden burst of
light. They recognized but rejected Jesus’s claim to be the promised Messiah. Citing the law of
Moses, they required two witnesses to validate Jesus’s testimony.11
The Witness of God the Son – 8:13-18

Jesus upheld His testimony as valid: He is God. As Lord over all creation—sovereign and above
all things—Jesus requires no other witness. Jesus’s wisdom reflects His perfect and divine
judgment, which is infinitely deeper than limited human understanding.
Jesus added that He did not come to pass judgment—He came to save.12 At His first coming,
Jesus came to offer salvation to the world as the promised Messiah. The time of Jesus’s
judgment will come when He returns.13
The Witness of God the Father – 8:19-20

God the Father offers a second witness to confirm Jesus’s words, works, and response to those
who believe in Him.14 Jesus’s resurrection stands as God’s greatest witness of His Son.15 The
Holy Spirit affirms Jesus today, witnessing to His deity.16 The One who seals believers’ eternal
destiny in Jesus brings assurance and transformation to their thoughts, words, and actions.
These religious leaders, well-versed in Scripture, should have recognized their Messiah. Yet
they insulted Him by asking, “Where is your father?” Bluntly and clearly, Jesus responded, “You
do not know me or my Father.” These Pharisees proved they did not know the God they claimed
to serve when they refused to recognize His Son. Anyone who truly worships God the Father
will honor and worship Jesus, God’s Son.
A Purposeful Destiny – 8:21-30

This would probably be the last time Jesus would address a crowd assembled from all parts
of the region. The next festival would be the Passover when Jesus would die as the perfect
Passover Lamb. With His own shed blood, Jesus would redeem God’s people from their sin.
Jesus urgently warned the people regarding the importance of belief in Him. His bold words
continued to provoke opposition.
Another Invitation to Believe – 8:21-26

Jesus repeatedly stated that where He was going, they could not come.17 The Jews, not
comprehending Jesus’s words, thought Jesus was threatening suicide. Rather than address that
question, Jesus explained their faltering understanding. As humans, the Pharisees originated on
earth, whereas Jesus, who was fully God, has always existed—Jesus came from heaven.
11. Two witnesses: Deuteronomy 19:15

12. Jesus came to save: John 3:17; 12:47
13. Return to judge: Matthew 25:31-46; Acts 17:31; Revelation 20:11-15
14. Father’s witness: Matthew 17:5; John 6:40; 12:26; 2 Peter 1:17
15. Witness of death, resurrection: Job 19:25-26; Psalm 16:8-11; Isaiah 53
16. Spirit’s witness: John 14:26; Romans 8:16-17; 1 Corinthians 12:3
17. Jesus leaving: John 7:33

Saved from the Death We Deserve
The Doctrine of Salvation from Sin’s Penalty
Jesus encountered massive crowds and performed spectacular miracles as He walked
among sinners. Yet, He sought out individuals. He also willingly revealed Himself to His
resistant enemies. The self-righteous, proud, and indignant Pharisees exemplify sinful
rebellion. Even so, to fully understand sinful nature, we need only look into our own hearts.
Every human is born with a sinful nature inherited from Adam and Eve. Our sin convicts and
condemns us, separating us from our perfectly just and holy God. We face the well-deserved
punishment of death to pay the penalty that each sin we have committed deserves.
God sent Jesus to die in the place of sinners to make atonement for the sin of all
humankind. By dying on the cross, Jesus paid in full death’s penalty on our behalf. Jesus’s
outpouring of amazing love saved us from the righteous wrath of God.1 Through faith in
Jesus and His atoning sacrifice, all believers experience salvation. We are freed from sin’s
power in our lives and given eternal life with Him.
Without faith in Jesus, people walk through life dead in sin.2 Deceived by the allure of
temptation to sin, death haunts at every turn. Tragically, those who bear sin’s punishment
on their own await not only physical death but also spiritual death, which culminates in
eternal condemnation and separation from God. Life is lived without hope.
When we place our faith in Christ and His redemptive work on the cross, Christ sets
us free from sin’s death penalty. The sin for which Jesus died will never rise to accuse
or haunt a believer.3 Believers are also set free from sin’s present power over their lives.
However, even forgiven Christians continue to sin.4 The Holy Spirit leads the believer to
confess specific sins and grow in personal holiness.5 Believers are saved not only from sin’s
eternal debt but also from a wasted life. How will you celebrate this wonderful gift?
1. Saved from wrath: Romans 5:9
2. Sin’s penalty: Romans 6:23
3. Death of sin: Psalm 103:11-12; Isaiah 38:17; Jeremiah 31:34
4. Continue to sin: Matthew 6:12; Romans 7:14-25; James 3:2; 1 John 1:8
5. Confession: Matthew 6:12; John 1:29; Ephesians 2:1-5; Hebrews 9:23-28; 1 John 1:9
Jesus further explained the growing chasm between the religious leaders and God Himself.
He used the phrase, “If you do not believe that I am he” (italics added for emphasis). These
words echoed the divine “I am” by which God made Himself known to His people in the Old
Testament.18 Jesus warned that those who live in unbelief bear the guilt of their own sin.
Jesus’s answer evoked a question of eternal significance from His listeners: “Who are you?” For
a time, even Jesus’s disciples struggled to completely understand their Lord’s identity, which He
had been disclosing since He began His ministry. Much more about Jesus would be revealed,
especially His love for His people, through His sacrificial death on the cross.
18. I am: Exodus 3:14
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A Promise of Future Understanding – 8:27-30
Jesus’s future death, resurrection, and ascension would bring clarity regarding His divine origin
and mission. Only through faith can anyone follow Him to heaven. All who willingly trust Jesus
as Savior receive His once-for-all payment for their sin.
Everything Jesus revealed in word and deed radiated His Father’s majesty.19 Most of the
people listening to Jesus failed to understand the truths He spoke about His Father and His
mission. However, some people recognized His light and believed.
Jesus Liberates from Spiritual Bondage – John 8:31-59
True Freedom Explained – 8:31-38

Jesus explained that His true disciples “hold to” His teaching. What does this mean? Being a
disciple of Jesus involves more than admiring Him or trying to live as He did. To hold to Jesus’s
teaching means repenting of sin and turning from old ways to Jesus in faith.
A quest for truth rises from within for all humanity. Only Jesus’s true disciples “know the
truth” that sets them free. In what way does Christ’s truth set people free? To know Christ and
receive His salvation is to be liberated from sin’s control over your motives, actions, and future.
The Holy Spirit empowers the believer to live as God intended—righteously, purposefully, and
fruitfully—increasingly more like Jesus Christ, our liberator. Truth about Christ and true freedom
go hand in hand.
The Jewish listeners in the crowd debated with Jesus, claiming they had never been slaves and
did not need to be set free. They disregarded their 400 years of slavery in Egypt,20 their Babylonian
captivity, and their current subjugation to Rome. Most of all, they did not understand their personal
slavery to sin. Jesus, of course, knew of their descendance from Abraham. He also knew the state
of their hearts. He exposed their desire to kill Him. Held captive to their own rebellion, the people
missed the truth that Jesus spoke. Only those set free by Jesus are truly free.
True Motives Exposed – 8:39-59

The Jews intensified their confrontational rebuttal as the clarity of Jesus’s claims increased.
The pride and misplaced confidence of these Jewish leaders in their ancestry and heritage
blinded them to the freeing truth Jesus proclaimed.
Misguided Claims Challenged – 8:39-47
“Abraham is Our Father” – 8:39-41a

As Jesus’s enemies clung blindly to their ancestry, Jesus differentiated between the true and
false children of Abraham. John the Baptist gave this same warning.21 Abraham’s true sons
19. Radiance of God’s glory: Hebrews 1:3

20. Slavery in Egypt: Genesis 15:13; Acts 7:6
21. Warning: Luke 3:8-9

share his faith and obedience.22 The proud Jews who rejected Jesus and sought to kill Him did
not represent Abraham’s sons. Physical heritage alone was insufficient. God promised blessing
to all nations through Abraham,23 but these blessings hinged on faith in Christ. By rejecting
Jesus, the Jewish leaders could not rightly claim Abraham as their father.
“The Only Father We Have Is God Himself” – 8:41b-47

Jesus’s opponents escalated their defense by protesting that they were not illegitimate children
because God Himself was their Father. In a stunning rebuke, Jesus responded that the devil,
not God, was their father. Jesus did not hold back hard but necessary truth when eternal
matters were at stake. The rebellious people needed to accept this harsh reality and seek
repentance before God and His Son.
God’s primary enemy, Satan, has spoken his deceptive language since tempting Adam and
Eve in the garden.24 The same enemy who brought spiritual and physical death to our original
parents fueled opposition to Jesus. God’s enemy continues to promote outright lies designed
to bring eternal condemnation to the world today.
People who listen to God and seek His truth turn to Jesus, not away from Him. Only those who
believe what the Son says belong to God. Those who do not belong to God cannot receive
Jesus’s truth.
Mistaken Conclusions Overruled – 8:48-58
The Erroneous Accusation of Demon Possession – 8:48-51

With their pride duly offended, Jesus’s opponents accused Him of being demon-possessed.
The Jews hated Samaritans and considered them heretics, so their accusation began first by
calling Jesus a Samaritan.25 Anger and pride often lead people to weaponize words to defend
themselves. These angry words revealed the hardened hearts of Jesus’s accusers.
With absolute clarity, humble authority, and astonishing grace, Jesus refuted the desperate
accusations while extending an invitation: “Very truly I tell you, whoever obeys my word will
never see death.” No greater gift ever has been offered to anyone.
The Irrefutable Defense of Divine Origin – 8:52-58

Jesus’s listeners raised a technicality within Jesus’s words to trip Him up. Was Jesus really
claiming to be greater than their exalted forefather Abraham? Jesus denied seeking glory for
Himself and responded, “My Father, whom you claim as your God, is the one who glorifies
me.” Abraham, upon whom the people based their argument, rejoiced at the thought of the
ultimate fulfillment of God's promises.26 Abraham demonstrated that saving faith has always
looked toward Jesus, even in those who lived before He came to earth and did not understand
everything about Messiah.
These time-bound and earth-oriented people failed to connect Jesus’s wisdom to heaven,
eternity, and His sovereignty. How could Jesus, who was less than 50 years old, claim to have
seen Abraham? Jesus replied with a clear and bold revelation of His deity, “Very truly I tell you,
22. Abraham’s faith: Genesis 15:4-6; 22:18; Romans 4:17-22; Hebrews 11:8-12
23. Blessing through Abraham: Genesis 12:1-3
24. Sin’s beginning: Genesis 3
25. Samaritan belief: John 4:19-24
26. Anticipation of Messiah: Genesis 12:1-3; Isaiah 43:10; John 1:9-13; Galatians 3:7-29; Hebrews 11:17-19
176 | Lesson 12
before Abraham was born, I am!” Jesus and His Father have always existed, before anything
was created or anyone born, including Abraham.27 God’s Son humbly entered time and space to
become humanity’s Redeemer.28
When Moses stood at the burning bush and asked the Lord His name, the Lord answered, “I
am who I am.” God went on to say, “This is my name forever, the name you shall call me from
generation to generation.”29 Now when Jesus used “I am” to describe Himself, He announced
that He fulfilled God’s promise to live with His people.30 These statements also point to the “I
am he” statements recorded in Isaiah.31 Jesus declared that He is God.
Deadly Intentions Demonstrated – 8:59 Jesus came as

The devil’s agenda and the people’s intentions surfaced as they tried to stone the Light of the
Jesus. Their actions revealed the bondage to sin embedded in their hearts. World, exposing
Jesus’s path to the cross could not be thwarted by human opposition. He darkness and
escaped by slipping away. Jesus would certainly die, but according to God’s illuminating truth.
timing, not that of His enemies.
Jesus offers a way out. We must face the truth about our fallen nature, our enslavement to sin,
and the freedom Jesus gives. The crowd who heard Jesus’s words faced the same confrontation
we do when we encounter the truth of the Lord. Jesus exposes sin to free the sinner.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus’s claims to deity and truth continued to confront the self-righteousness and pride of
His listeners, including the Jewish leaders. His opponents tried to entrap Him by dragging a
woman caught in adultery before Him. Blind to their own guilt, Jesus’s response caught the
proud men who sought to ensnare Him. When He asked the one without sin to cast the first
stone at the woman, her accusers walked away. Rather than stand as judge over this exposed
woman, Jesus gently encouraged her to leave her life of sin.
Jesus came as the Light of the World, exposing darkness and illuminating truth. Though His
bold claims ignited arguments and opposition, Jesus clearly identified with His Father. He
offered assurance of His power and authority to save to all who believed. He came to set
people free from sin’s bondage. The people who know Jesus’s Father receive Jesus and accept
His truth. To know Jesus is to know God.
Jesus’s claims so angered the listening crowd that they sought to kill Him. Eventually, Jesus
would be crucified. However, Jesus promised that when He did die according to His Father’s
plan, those who believe would recognize His unquestionable authority. All who believe in Jesus
will never see death.
27. In the beginning: John 1:1-5

28. Jesus’s condescension: Philippians 2:6-8
29. I am: Exodus 3:14-15
30. Presence with God’s people: Genesis 17:4-8; Exodus 29:45-46
31. I am he: Isaiah 41:4; 43:10; 48:12

Apply It
The Jewish leaders exposed the guilt of the adulterous woman they dragged before Jesus.
They put her sin on display and attempted to ignore their own. Our world system trains us to
elevate ourselves and develop a false sense of virtue by excelling over and even devaluing
others. When we bolster our own sense of righteousness by celebrating when others sin, we
reveal how little we understand about the darkness lurking within our own hearts. The most
hardened criminal and the sweetest grandmother stand equally in need of salvation in Christ.
How do you wrongly elevate yourself over others? God calls us not to point fingers at others but
to bow our hearts before Him. He meets us with grace when we humble ourselves before His
Son. What sin is Jesus calling you to bring to Him today?
Jesus masterfully communicated eternal truth with words that were equally simple and
profound. He dispels the darkness of sin and victoriously brings life over death. Jesus is the
Light of the World and the Light of every believer’s life. God’s Spirit awakens our understanding
of who Jesus is, what He came to do, and the difference He makes in our lives and eternity.32
God’s thoughts are as high above human reasoning as the heavens are high above the earth.33
We require God’s Spirit to understand the mystery of Jesus. How has God revealed Himself
to you through His perfect Word? What difference has He made in your life? With whom does
the Lord want you to share His Light? God gives us joy beyond measure through a relationship
with Jesus.34
Jesus promised true, ultimate freedom to all who seek Him. Many define the essence of
freedom as personal autonomy—the ability to do what they want, when they want, and how they
want. That brand of freedom does not provide desired liberation but instead brings unexpected
slavery to sin. Human effort alone can never break from sinful habits, dominating fear, self-
absorption, anxiety, greed, pride, and a litany of other sins and temptations. True freedom
comes only as the Holy Spirit frees believers from destructive patterns of sin wedged deeply
in the heart and mind. Defensiveness, escapism, and all the various methods of self-protection
the world offers to dull the pain will never help. Jesus sees, knows, and loves you. Will you
come to Him in faith for forgiveness? Will you allow Him to transform you more and more into
His image? How will you experience true freedom in Christ?
32. Illumination: John 16:12-15

33. Heavenly thoughts, ways: Isaiah 55:8-9
34. Relationship with God: Romans 8:14-17, 35-39
JOHN: LESSON 13
Jesus and the LESSON
Man Born Blind SCRIPTURE

JOHN 9
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you understand Jesus’s compassion and His role as the Light
of the World?
2. What did God use from the lecture to expose your sin, bring conviction, or encourage you?

Jesus healed a blind man.
3. What question did Jesus’s disciples ask about the man’s blindness? How did Jesus redirect
their wrong thinking?
Lesson 13 | 179
4. a. How did Jesus’s methods in healing this man surprise you? What do you learn from this?
b. Tell how the man’s neighbors responded to his healing.
5. Consider your most challenging current situation. What helps you trust that God can reveal
His power and glory through this trial? (See also James 1:2-4.)

The Pharisees investigated Jesus’s Sabbath healing of the blind man.
6. Describe the Pharisees’ attitude and approach as they investigated this healing.
7. a. How did the newly sighted man respond to the Pharisees’ questions?
b. What did the man’s parents say when questioned? Why do you think they responded as
they did?
8. When have others doubted Jesus’s work in your life? How have you responded?
180 | Lesson 13
The Pharisees continued to interrogate the newly healed man.
9. How did the Pharisees’ interrogation of this man intensify when they approached him a
second time?
10. a. What impresses you about the man’s conclusion that he stated in verse 25?
b. How did the man’s testimony seem to gain confidence and clarity as the Pharisees
pressured him?
c. What does the Pharisees’ response to the man in verse 34 reveal about them? (See also
John 10:8.)
11. When and how has God used internal or external pressure to clarify or strengthen your faith?

Jesus sought the blind man after the Pharisees threw him out.
12. What do you learn about Jesus from verse 35?
13. a. How did Jesus draw out faith in this man?

b. Verse 38 records the man’s response. What did he say and do that demonstrated His
faith in Jesus?
c. Write two sentences: one that is an expression of your faith in Christ and one that offers
worship to Him.
14. What did Jesus mean by His words to the unbelieving Pharisees in verses 39 and 41?
15. Think about your experience of learning about God, walking with Him, and studying
Scripture. How has God opened your eyes to understand His truth in a way that has
changed how you think and live?

Only Jesus can make blind eyes see.
16. What did God help you “see” about Jesus in John 9?

182 | Lesson 13
Lecture Notes

Lesson 13 Notes
John 9
Focus Verse
“One thing I do know. I was blind but now I see!” (John 9:25b)
Outline
● Sightless Eyes See – John 9:1-12
● Stubborn Men Refuse to See – John 9:13-34
● Spiritual Sight or Spiritual Blindness? – John 9:35-41
Engage
What would it be like to be born blind? For sighted people, the thought of never seeing your
mother’s face, perceiving the color blue, or gazing at beautiful seas, streams, and mountains
seems a great loss. Our physical eyes allow us to take in the world around us and gain
detailed perspective. Every human, however, faces a greater loss than physical blindness.
Every human is born spiritually blind. Sin has obscured God’s truth from us.1 We cannot
know God’s ways, think His thoughts, or walk His path until He opens our spiritual eyes.
John saw Jesus heal a man who was blind from birth. However, Jesus did more than
merely transform the man's sightless eyes to take in visual fields he had never seen. Jesus
revealed Himself to this man who eventually believed the truth about Jesus and put his
faith in the one who healed him. Jesus brought life not only to his eyes but to his heart and
soul. This newly healed man not only viewed his world for the first time but also worshiped
Jesus with a growing sense of belief. Only Jesus can make blind eyes see. God helps His
children seek and perceive eternal realities. Those who put their faith in Christ recognize
what the world cannot see. The spiritual sight God gives His children puts life and eternity
into proper focus.
1. Sin’s curse: Genesis 3:14-19; Romans 3:10-18
Sightless Eyes See – John 9:1-12

Prior to Jesus’s interaction with the blind man, infuriated Jewish leaders had picked up stones to
kill Him. God’s predetermined path for His Son overruled this premature attempt on Jesus’s life.
He slipped away from the temple grounds unharmed.1 Though Jesus knew His enemies wanted
to kill Him, He never became preoccupied with danger or filled with self-pity. Jesus remained
alert and took every opportunity to meet people’s needs in fulfillment of His Father’s will.
1. Jesus’s escape: John 8:59
184 | Lesson 13
The Blind See – 9:1-7
Jesus’s Deliberate Focus – 9:1
As Jesus “went along,” He noticed a man who had been blind since birth. Certainly many things
filled Jesus’s mind as He walked along that day. He had just slipped away from enemies who
wanted Him dead. Jesus’s undeterred compassion and constant alertness to His Father’s plan
led Him. Jesus knew God intended for this man to be healed. Though Jesus did not meet every
need He encountered or heal everyone around Him, this sightless man captured His attention.
Jesus saw the man who could not see Him.
The Disciples’ Loaded Question – 9:2 God is present in

Perhaps this man was familiar to Jesus’s disciples, because they knew he every detail with His
had been born blind. Their question revealed that they saw the same man people. He knows
Jesus did but in a far different way. The disciples focused on a theological inner struggles
and philosophical technicality about the source of this man’s blindness and outward
rather than his desperate need. circumstances.
The disciples asked, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was His higher purpose
born blind?” Traditional Jewish teaching held that personal suffering resulted prevails in life
from sin, either of the afflicted person or of someone within the family. In the events, whether
disciples’ minds, the fact that this man was born blind indicated someone’s great or small.
sin caused his blindness.
Jesus’s Clarifying Response – 9:3

Jesus quickly corrected the disciples’ wrong thinking with words that help us today. People
often consciously or unconsciously assume that good works bring God’s favor and suffering
indicates God’s displeasure. This way of thinking stands behind the misguided assumption that
our works contribute to God’s blessings, even our salvation.2
All human suffering finds its root in the general damage caused by sin’s curse.3 However, not all
suffering can be directly linked to personal sin. Jesus brought immediate clarity by declaring
that the man’s blindness did not result from specific sin but instead offered a platform to
display God’s glory.
Jesus’s words help us recognize that God can display His glory through situations of suffering
and pain. God’s children can confidently seek God’s higher purposes in everything they face
in life.4 God is present in every detail with His people. He knows inner struggles and outward
circumstances. His higher purpose prevails in life events, whether great or small. God does not
always reveal how our pain brings Him glory, nor does He owe us such an explanation. He can
be trusted no matter what challenges life delivers.
2. Not by works: Ephesians 2:8-9

3. Sin and suffering: Genesis 3:3; Exodus 34:6-7; Ezekiel 18:4; Romans 6:23; 1 Peter 3:14, 17-18
4. God’s glory in suffering: Job 42:1-6; John 16:33; Romans 8:18; 2 Corinthians 4:7-12, 16-17; 1 Peter 4:12-13

Jesus’s Purposeful Work – 9:4-5
Jesus explained His urgency to do God’s work “as long as it is day.” He recognized His limited
time on earth. Jesus knew “night”—a time when spiritual opportunities end and spiritual
reckoning begins—was coming and that His mission on earth would culminate in His arrest,
trial, and crucifixion. The disciples would soon experience despair. Under divine compulsion,
Jesus recognized that God desired Him to heal this man on this day. He did so with urgency
and purposefulness.
The Miraculous Healing – 9:6-7

Jesus healed this man by means we might consider unconventional and unappealing. He spit
on the ground and put mud made with His saliva on the blind man’s eyes. Jesus commanded
the man to wash in the Pool of Siloam. Did the man fully understand all that Jesus was
doing? Would Jesus’s methods have seemed odd to him? The blind man did not object or ask
questions. He went where Jesus said to go and did what Jesus said to do. As a result, His blind
eyes received sight. In an instantaneous and miraculous display of Jesus’s healing power, the
man’s brain organized and interpreted what his eyes observed. He walked away from the pool
taking in the remarkable world surrounding him.
The Neighbors Inquire – 9:8-12

The blind man’s healing mystified his neighbors. Jesus so transformed his appearance and
demeanor that those who saw him regularly wondered if he could be the same man they knew.
When the newly healed man verified his identity, the curious neighbors demanded to know how
he was healed.
The formerly blind man offered no explanation for the divine power that opened his eyes
but only recounted the physical details about his healing. He did not know who Jesus was or
where He had gone. Jesus had begun to accomplish God’s work in this man. He mercifully met
the man's physical need, but more was yet to come!
Stubborn Men Refuse to See – John 9:13-34
The Pharisees’ Inquisition – 9:13-23

The Healed Man Questioned – 9:13-17
The Pharisees, an influential group among the Jewish religious leadership, professed to believe
in God’s supernatural power as revealed in Israel’s Scriptures and history. However, most of
the Pharisees saw Jesus as a threat to their preconceived ideas and prestigious status. They
resisted Jesus’s teachings and rejected Him. The inquisitive crowd, seeking an explanation for
this undeniable miracle, brought the formerly blind man before the Pharisees.
186 | Lesson 13
Obstinate questions and comments from the Pharisees demonstrated their unbelief. They
sought to discredit Jesus’s God-glorifying work and to crush the healed man’s testimony.
The Pharisees asked the same question posed by the man’s curious neighbors. Without
embellishment or drama, the man repeated the same basic facts about his healing: “He put
mud on my eyes, and I washed, and now I see.”
The Pharisees accused Jesus of disregarding the Sabbath instead of rightly processing the
astounding miracle brought before them. They raised this same objection earlier when Jesus
healed a lame man by the Pool of Bethesda.5 Jesus continued to show grace and mercy to these
rebellious Pharisees in a way that intentionally confronted their shallow thinking and hypocrisy.
When Jesus gave sight to the blind man, He did not break God’s law but rather the Pharisees’
tradition.6 Their Sabbath rules dictated that medical attention could only be administered on the
Sabbath when a life was endangered or to keep someone from getting worse. They believed God
would not help a sinner who violated the Sabbath. No effort could be given to make a person
better. Jesus’s actions upheld the intent of God’s law and challenged their added restrictions.
Frustrated and angry, some of the Pharisees declared that Jesus could not be from God
because He did not keep the Sabbath. Others continued to wonder how a “sinner” could
perform such signs. The divided Pharisees again turned to the formerly blind man, who
seemed to be gaining spiritual discernment through this inquisition. With growing confidence,
the man declared, “He is a prophet.”
His Parents Summoned – 9:18-23

The Pharisees sent for the man’s parents, attempting to prove he had not actually been born
blind. The parents, rather than expressing their joy over their son’s healing, yielded to their
fear of these religious leaders. They deferred any evaluation of what happened to their son,
who was of age and could answer for himself.
The Pharisees’ Insults – 9:24-34

Interrogation – 9:24-27
Without grounds to explain away this miracle, the Pharisees escalated their pressure on the
newly sighted man. Questioning him a second time, they demanded that he give God glory.
They attempted to embroil the man in a theological debate and force him to discredit Jesus.
Their closed minds blinded them to the truth as they resolutely proclaimed Jesus a sinner.
The man refused to cave to pressure and declared, “Whether he is a sinner or not, I don’t
know. One thing I do know. I was blind but now I see!” There was a lot this man did not know
about Jesus, yet he unwaveringly stood his ground. He stated what he knew with certainty.
No objection could adequately refute the powerful simplicity of his conclusion. The murky
darkness to which he awoke that morning had been dispelled into glorious light by Jesus’s
healing power. With a hint of sarcasm and increasing boldness, the man asked his interrogators
if they too wanted to become Jesus’s disciples.
5. Sabbath healing: John 5:1-18

6. Sabbath observance: Exodus 20:8-11

Escalation – 9:28-34
Cornered by anger and armed with only defenseless conclusions, the Pharisees resorted
to the human artillery of abusive words. They hurled insults at the man. They flaunted their
pride and position while verbally attacking the man whose sighted eyes left them no plausible
objection. They abandoned reason as they implied his blindness represented God’s curse for
his sin. If this were true, wouldn’t his healing signify God’s blessing? As Scripture says of those
who wrongly attempt to entrap others, the Pharisees fell into the pit they had made.7 With
daring irony and increasing discernment, the man stated that Jesus must be from God. How
else could He open blind eyes?
This scene offers dramatic contrast between escalating spiritual blindness resulting from
unbelief and God’s gracious provision of spiritual insight to receptive hearts. Faith accepts the
truth that God reveals. Unbelief deliberately and progressively suppresses and rejects truth.8
Filled with rage over a lost argument, the religious leaders resorted to force: “They threw him
out.” Whether they physically expelled or religiously or socially excommunicated this man, the
Pharisees’ actions represented flagrant disregard for someone entrusted to their care. Soon
after his healing encounter with Jesus, this man faced ostracism, persecution, and broken
relationships. With growing discernment, the man whose eyes now miraculously feasted on
green trees and blue sky would not be deterred from what he knew with certainty. The foolish
denial of the Pharisees only served to deepen the man’s resolve.
Spiritual Sight or Spiritual Blindness? – John 9:35-41
Spiritual Eyes Are Opened – 9:35-38

Jesus’s response to the newly healed and recently rejected man contrasts the Pharisees’ mean-
spirited reaction. Jesus sought out the man who had been thrown out. Mere men who deemed
themselves powerful spurned this man, but the One who holds all power over life and eternity
found him.
Jesus asked him a question: “Do you believe in the Son of Man?” This title, “Son of Man,”
represents Jesus’s favorite name for Himself. It means “a human being” in a similar way that “Son
of David” means “David’s son.” The term relates to Daniel 7:13-14, where the “son of man” refers to
a highly exalted Messianic figure who will come to rule and reign forever. Jesus cited this passage
several times as recorded in the Gospels,9 a connection that links His humanity with His divinity.
With an open heart seeking greater light, the man asked to know more so he might believe.
Jesus answered the man’s honest searching with direct, unmistakable revelation. He replied,
“You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one speaking with you.” The man realized that he was
looking into the eyes of the Messiah of Israel, the Son of God. With unhesitating words and
unguarded surrender, the man confessed his faith in Christ; he worshiped the one who opened
his physical and spiritual eyes.
7. Their own pit: Psalm 7:15

8. Deliberate suppression of truth: Romans 1:18-20
9. Son of Man: Matthew 24:30; 26:64; Mark 13:26; 14:62; Luke 21:27; 22:69
188 | Lesson 13
Jesus Christ Gives Sight to the Blind
At his first encounter with Jesus, the newly healed, formerly blind man did not realize who
Jesus was. Newfound sight, pressing opposition, and growing understanding led this man
to recognize the truth. He soon bowed before Jesus in belief and worship. The Lord Jesus
Christ is none other than God’s own Son who came to seek and save the lost.1 Equal to
and co-existent with God from eternity past, Jesus came into the world to live, die, and rise
again.2 Only Jesus can rescue sinners and give eternal life to all who put their faith in Him.3
Your response to Jesus determines whether you are spiritually blind or sighted. Like the
man born without sight, we are all spiritually blind from birth. Only God can open blind eyes.
The eternal destiny of every human rests on their response to God’s Son. One day, Jesus
will return to earth and every knee will bow before Him.4 God has exalted His Son and given
Him the right to judge sin and grant eternal life.5 To refuse Jesus is to choose spiritual
blindness, which tragically results in an eternity separated from God.
No one remains neutral about Jesus. Throughout history, the name of Jesus has divided
humanity.6 The Pharisees denied evidence of Jesus’s divine authority as well as His healing
power. Today, people continue to resist Jesus while ignoring the truth about Him. Spiritual
blindness remains in those who fail to recognize who Jesus is and the saving work He
accomplished on behalf of sinful humanity. To refuse Jesus is to turn away from the only
true hope that exists.
Believing in Jesus means seeing what matters most. When the Lord opens our eyes
to behold Jesus, we see glimpses of His glory that will be magnified and celebrated
throughout eternity. 2 Corinthians 3:18 speaks of the powerful transformation God sets
at work in the lives of those who believe in Jesus: “And we all, who with unveiled faces
contemplate the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into his image with ever-increasing
glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.” What do you now “see” because Jesus
has opened your spiritual eyes? How does gazing at Jesus give you a refreshed perspective
on your life and the world around you? Seeing Jesus leads us to worship Him. The Son of
God, exalted by the Father, will reign for eternity without rival.
1. Seek and save: Luke 19:10
2. Equal to God: Philippians 2:5-11
3. Only Jesus saves: Acts 4:12
4. Jesus’s return: Matthew 24:30; Acts 1:10-11; 1 Thessalonians 4:13–5:11
5. The Son’s judgment: Matthew 16:27; 26:64
6. Outcomes of belief and unbelief: John 3:36

Spiritual Eyes Remain Closed – 9:39-41
Jesus offered words to reveal who He is and what the Father sent Him to accomplish in the
world. He said, “For judgment I have come into this world, so that the blind will see and those
who see will become blind.” Jesus entered the world to save, not condemn, fallen humanity.10
However, eternal judgment awaits those who reject Jesus. Each individual’s response to Jesus
determines whether or not that person receives salvation or faces condemnation. Belief in the
truth about Jesus and His atoning sacrifice matters for all eternity.
Jesus presented this statement in the hearing of the Pharisees, most of whom proudly rejected
Him. Some overheard Jesus’s words and scoffed at the inference that they were “blind.” Jesus
explained that they remained blind because they refused to see. Those who admit their need
and recognize Jesus’s authority receive His light, which brings spiritual knowledge, insight,
and life. To reject Him means closing one's eyes to the truth and becoming even more sinfully
blind—living in darkness that only deepens.
The Lord’s words reflect Isaiah 6:9-10, where God said through His prophet, “Go
Those who admit and tell this people: ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing,
their need and but never perceiving.’ Make the heart of this people calloused; make their
recognize Jesus’s ears dull and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear
authority receive with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.” These
His light, which sobering verses speak of God’s judicial blinding of those who repeatedly
brings spiritual choose not to see and believe His truth.11 Only God knows the true state and
knowledge, insight, eternal destiny of everyone.12 We know that genuine believers seek God, though
imperfectly. We know the seriousness of rejecting Christ. God calls believers to
and life.
faithfully share the gospel while knowing that God will judge everyone justly and
rightly at the appropriate time.
Jesus opened the eyes of the blind man to see more than just the world around him. He realized
who Jesus is and placed his faith in the one who sought him. Jesus met his greatest need. The
Healer who opened his sightless eyes was no mere man. As this man confessed Jesus’s deity
and worshiped Him, he received eternal treasures no one could take away. He would never be
cast out by the Savior who sought and saved Him. Only Jesus can make blind eyes see. Anyone
who turns to Jesus for salvation will see eternal treasures that defy human description.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus saw a man who could not see Him. He put spittle-moistened mud on the blind man’s eyes
and then sent him to wash in the Pool of Siloam. Obeying these humbling and unconventional
instructions, the man received his sight. The Pharisees once again used this Sabbath healing to
discredit Jesus and deny His power. They accosted the man with questions. The man could not
explain who Jesus was or how he was healed. He could only testify that his once blind eyes could
10. Save, not condemn: John 3:16-17
11. Judicial blinding: John 12:40
12. God sees the heart: 1 Samuel 16:7
190 | Lesson 13
now see. As if strengthened in his resolve by the Pharisees’ unrelenting pressure, the man refused
to give in. Ignoring the undeniable evidence while moving from probing questions to abusive
insults, the Pharisees eventually threw the man out of their presence.
Jesus found the man after his harrowing inquisition by the Pharisees and revealed Himself
to him. The newly healed man received spiritual sight when he came to saving faith and
humbly worshiped Jesus. John 9 tells a story about physical blindness and sight. However,
this passage also affords the opportunity to consider the more pressing reality of spiritual
blindness and sight. The proud Pharisees witnessed undeniable evidence of Jesus’s power
and authority. Yet they closed their blind eyes and refused to see. Nothing this world offers
compares to seeing and seeking Christ.
Apply It
As Jesus proceeded through His day and week, He intentionally saw the blind man. With a
heart of compassion, a sense of God’s agenda, and zeal for God’s glory, Jesus paused to speak
to a man whom others ignored. The disciples and the man’s neighbors remained familiar with
this man’s misery but failed to discern his deepest needs. We often live our lives at a seemingly
breakneck speed with constant demands on our fleeting energy. We have places to go and
things to do. Our calendars are full, but sometimes our lives feel surprisingly empty. Our human
limitations mean we cannot meet every demand or need before us. But like Jesus, we can
seek God’s agenda for the time we have. God leads His people to show His kindness to those
the world ignores. Do you take time to speak kindly to those who serve you in restaurants or
markets? How aware are you of the way people are minimized by our society? Do you see the
spiritual needs in people’s hearts that may be hidden behind a forced smile or a rude response?
What keeps you aware of God’s agenda and not just your to-do list? People who receive hope
from Jesus have the hope of Jesus to share with others.
If the attention Jesus devoted to the blind man convicts us, perhaps His methods surprise us
even more. God seldom works the way we expect Him to. If we orchestrated such a divine
healing, we would probably not choose a procedure involving mud and saliva. God often
chooses to help us in ways that do not make sense to us. Jesus unexpectedly multiplied the
meager, seemingly inadequate lunch of a young boy to feed a hungry crowd. The people in
Jesus’s day expected a conquering Messiah, not a dying Savior. We would choose to grow
spiritually by experiencing victory, not suffering loss or pain. God is not interested in bolstering
our pride in human achievements. Instead, God often works quietly and through ordinary
means to reveal His glory. How might you expect God to do things your way? When has God
accomplished more than you imagined in a way that caught you off guard? How will you trust
God with what you cannot explain? God works in ways that confound the methods of the world.
He can be trusted to accomplish everything He intends. His glory shines through jars of clay.13
The Pharisees’ closed-minded arrogance can be easy to criticize. They witnessed undeniable
evidence of Jesus’s authority and power yet willingly remained spiritually blind. They chose
darkness over light to exalt themselves rather than to surrender to God. Unless the Holy Spirit
illuminates spiritual truth and eternal values, we remain blinded by a distorted view of this world
that extends to eternity. Any ultimate truth we see or understand only reveals God’s grace, not
13. Jars of clay: 2 Corinthians 4:7-18

our profound insight. As believers navigating life in a broken world, we can easily be distracted
by a near-sighted view that clouds our perception of eternal matters. Jesus opens our blind
eyes to see and understand what human wisdom cannot grasp. How can you pray for God
to open your spiritual eyes? In what ways do the physical demands of daily life overshadow
spiritual priorities that hold value for eternity? When and how has God opened your eyes to
recognize who Jesus is? What difference does knowing Jesus make in your life? When we
worship Jesus and surrender to Him, we see almost everything differently and show His love
and care to others.
JOHN: LESSON 14
Jesus: The LESSON
Good Shepherd SCRIPTURE

JOHN 10
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you better understand spiritual blindness and the spiritual sight that
only God can give?
2. What truth from the lecture encouraged or convicted you? What is God asking you to do
in response?

Jesus contrasted true and false shepherds.
3. a. Describe the characteristics of false shepherds.
b. How do Jesus’s warnings about false shepherds relate to John 9?
Lesson 14 | 193
4. a. What characteristics identify the sheep who belong to the true shepherd?
b. How does the true shepherd lead the sheep?
5. In what ways might you hear and recognize the voice of Jesus, the True Shepherd?
Third Day: Read John 10:7-21 with Psalm 23.

Jesus declared He is the Good Shepherd.
6. a. What did Jesus mean when He said, “I am the gate for the sheep”? (See also John 14:6.)
b. In verses 11-15, how did Jesus describe His actions and attitude as the “good shepherd”?
c. What might Jesus have meant when He said, “I have other sheep that are not of this
sheep pen”? (See also Ephesians 2:11-22; 3:6.)
7. What profound truths did Jesus communicate in verses 17-18?
194 | Lesson 14
8. What thoughts from John 10:7-21 or Psalm 23 encouraged you? Why?

Jesus’s true sheep listen to His voice.
9. a. What did the curious Jews directly demand of Jesus in verse 24?
b. How did Jesus respond to their demand?
10. a. Describe the promises Jesus makes to His sheep—those who believe in and follow
Him—in verses 27-28.
b. How do these words comfort or encourage you?
c. What encouragement might you share with someone you know?
11. a. What claim did Jesus make in verse 30? How did His opponents respond?
b. Why is this truth about Jesus of ultimate importance to you today?

The truth about Jesus divided the listening crowd.
12. In verses 34-38, what validating proof did Jesus offer that He spoke for God, His Father?
13. a. Once again, Jesus’s enemies tried and failed to seize Him. What does this reveal about
His power and God’s plan?
b. How does God’s power and plan offer you hope today?
14. In verses 40-42, what different response to Jesus do we see from the people “across the
Jordan”?
15. In our world, we see both belief and unbelief in response to truth about Jesus. How does
Jesus’s teaching in John 10 help you in your dealings with those who reject the truth
about Him?

Jesus, the Good Shepherd, lovingly cares for those He leads.
16. How has John 10 helped you recognize and rest in Jesus as your Good Shepherd?

196 | Lesson 14
Lecture Notes

Lesson 14 Notes
John 10
Focus Verse
“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.” (John 10:11)
Outline
● Jesus is the Good Shepherd – John 10:1-21
● Jesus is God’s Son – John 10:22-42
Engage
What qualities do you look for in a leader? Our world often touts leaders with bold charisma,
dynamic personalities, and a powerful presence. Strong leaders offer tangible protection
and direction. They challenge our thinking and lead us forward. These qualities prove
helpful, yet we also long for tender support and a sense of safety. Good leaders understand
the value of both strength and gentleness. We need trailblazers and advocates. We need
pioneers and protectors. Where are these leaders today? How do we lead like this?
Jesus opens His discourse in chapter 10 with the declaration of His fourth “I am” statement
in John’s Gospel: “I am the good shepherd.” Jesus is God’s Son, unlimited in His power and
sovereign control. And yet, with boundless might at His command, Jesus tends His flock
like a tender shepherd. Jesus, the Good Shepherd, lovingly cares for those He leads. He
guides His sheep perfectly, powerfully, and personally. With Jesus as our leader, we rest
in security and confidence. We can boldly follow Jesus because He will lead us where we
need to go.
Jesus Is the Good Shepherd – John 10:1-21

Presenting a true picture of Jesus’s character, John chronicles the continuing confrontation
between the Pharisees and Jesus. Jesus’s approach to leadership differed greatly from that
of these self-serving religious leaders. Jesus compassionately cared for the man born blind.
The Pharisees rejected this man and removed him from their domain.1 Jesus’s teaching
immediately follows the religious leaders’ flagrant mistreatment of the blind man. Jesus, the
Good Shepherd, sought out the man the false shepherds disdained. The newly healed man
believed in Jesus and worshiped Him.
The Old Testament helps us understand Jesus as our Good Shepherd. The metaphor of
leaders as shepherds, both good and bad, appears in many Old Testament passages. Some
1. Rejected: John 9:22, 34
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texts prophetically point to Jesus the Messiah, while others expose Israel’s corrupt leaders.2
This image would have been familiar to the Pharisees listening that day.
The Contrast of True and False Shepherds – 10:1-6

The Warning about False Shepherds – 10:1
Throughout this passage, Jesus describes Himself as the Shepherd of His sheep. Jesus
repeatedly contrasts His tender care with abusive, self-serving false shepherds.
This profound teaching begins with a stark warning. Jesus describes a false shepherd as “a
thief and a robber” who enters the sheep pen but not through the gate. Entering the sheep pen
another way, the false shepherd intends to harm rather than to protect the sheep.
The Wonders of the True Shepherd – 10:2-6
The True Shepherd Rightly Comes to the Sheep – 10:2

Jesus is the True Shepherd who “enters by the gate”—the right way. He came as the promised
Messiah, fulfilling Old Testament promises and prophecies.3 He was born through David’s
lineage as Scripture foretold.4 He is fully God and fully man.5 Jesus leads His sheep to the right
kind of pasture. Not only does He show His sheep the way—Jesus is “the way.”6 Jesus came as
the true leader of His people, perfectly meeting the divine and human credentials God set forth.
The True Shepherd Intimately Knows His Sheep – 10:3

Jesus knows each of His sheep by name. God’s Son has an intimate, person-to-person
relationship with every individual who belongs to Him.7 In Scripture, people’s names often
represent an understanding of their true nature or even a change in their character.8 Because
Jesus knows each of His sheep by name, He leads His own with perfect knowledge of their
deepest joys, fears, needs, and hopes.
The True Shepherd Purposefully Leads His Sheep – 10:4-6

Jesus Himself leads the sheep. Rather than driving them from behind, Jesus goes ahead of His
children. Jesus has gone before His sheep in time—He existed in eternity past.9 Jesus came
to earth to save sinners, secured their salvation, and will lead them to their eternal home. The
writer of Hebrews called Jesus the “pioneer of their salvation.”10 As God’s child, you will never
go anywhere Christ has not gone before you. He will show you where to go. David captured this
same thought in Psalm 23:2-3: “He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside
quiet waters, he refreshes my soul. He guides me along the right paths for his name’s sake.”
An individual’s voice is unique and distinctly recognizable to people who know him or her well.
Jesus’s sheep recognize His voice—they will not follow a stranger. In fact, His sheep run away
2. Shepherds in the Old Testament: Psalm 23; Jeremiah 23:1-6; Ezekiel 34:10-12
3. Old Testament prophecies: Genesis 3:15; 12:2-3; Deuteronomy 18:15; Isaiah 7:14; 9:6-7; 35:4-5; Micah 5:2
4. David’s lineage: 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 89:34-37; Jeremiah 33:17; Matthew 1:1-17
5. God in human flesh: John 1:14
6. Jesus is the way: John 14:6
7. Known by name: Isaiah 43:1; 49:15-16; 1 Corinthians 8:3
8. Names in Scripture: Genesis 32:28; John 1:42; Revelation 2:17
9. Eternity past: John 1:1-2
10. Pioneer of salvation: Hebrews 2:10

when they hear a voice other than that of their trusted Shepherd. The bond between the True
Shepherd and His sheep incorporates communication, relationship, and trust. At its simplest,
life with Christ means knowing Him, listening for His voice, and following where He leads.
As if to illustrate by contrast what Jesus had just explained, John records that the Pharisees
did not understand what Jesus was telling them. The Pharisees did not recognize the True
Shepherd’s voice. They refused to follow Him.
The Claims of Jesus – 10:7-18

I Am the Gate – 10:7-10
Those Who Enter by the Gate Choose the Right Way – 10:7-8
Since the religious leaders did not understand, Jesus explained further, changing His metaphor
slightly. In verse 3, Jesus said, “The gatekeeper opens the gate.” Now, Jesus declared, “I am
the gate.” Not only is Jesus the Shepherd who goes before us, He is the Gate through which the
sheep enter—the way we enter eternal life. The only way to God is through Jesus.11 No other
way exists. Jesus’s exclusive claim reflects neither arrogance nor triumphalism. Jesus invites
all to enter by His gate, trusting Him uniquely as Lord, Savior, Redeemer, and King.
Those Who Enter by the Gate Will Be Saved – 10:9a

No matter what
Jesus said, “I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved.” Those who
happens in this life,
come to God through personal trust in Christ find salvation—deliverance from
Jesus’s powerful sin and death. Salvation includes more than a future ultimate reality. Salvation
presence abides impacts the totality of our personhood, encompassing not only who we were
with His children. and who we are but also who we will become. Jesus rescues sinners from sin’s
past, present, and future destructive consequences. In Christ, we escape sin’s
penalty. We also find freedom from sin’s power as we long for the coming day when we will
experience the complete obliteration of sin’s presence.
Those Who Enter by the Gate Will Be Safe – 10:9b

Jesus also promised, “Whoever enters through me ... will come in and go out, and find pasture.”
To freely “come in and go out” signifies a safe and secure life, protected from ultimate spiritual
danger. True salvation in Christ cannot be threatened by the enemy’s opposition. Though
danger remains constant in our fallen world, believers rest presently secure and ultimately
safe in Jesus. No matter what happens in this life, Jesus’s powerful presence abides with His
children.12 The Good Shepherd personally watches over His own.13 He will bring them safely
home into His loving arms for all eternity.
Those Who Enter by the Gate Will Be Satisfied – 10:10

Jesus pronounced one final truth for those who enter by His gate. In contrast to the thief who
"comes only to steal and kill and destroy," Jesus came "that they may have life, and have it to
the full.” Jesus continues to expand on the wonders of salvation. Believers are saved and safe.
Christ did not come so that we might merely survive. Christ came that we may thrive in life with
11. Only way to God: John 14:6; Acts 4:12
12. Powerfully present: Isaiah 41:10; 43:1-2
13. Watching over us: Psalm 121
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Him—both today and for eternity. Those who come to God through faith in Christ find deep and
lasting satisfaction in Christ. Eternal life comes from the Eternal One and represents not just
duration of life but quality of life.
What does “life to the full” look like for the believer? Jesus’s promise of abundant life in
Him does not guarantee a long and prosperous life free from sorrow, sickness, or suffering.
However, Jesus, the Good Shepherd, leads His flock into green pastures and a place of
flourishing. Abundant life in Christ describes a contented life—resting with confidence in God’s
willing and able provision. No circumstance represents an emergency for God. He holds every
needed resource in His almighty hands.14 God’s present power guides believers through life’s
joys and challenges. Hope permeates situations that appear hopeless because God is always
at work accomplishing greater purposes than we can imagine.15
I Am the Good Shepherd – 10:11-18

Jesus here offered the fourth of His seven “I am” statements in John’s Gospel: “I am the good
shepherd.” Jesus is not merely a shepherd; He is the Good Shepherd—uniquely good, true,
righteous, and faithful.
According to these verses, Jesus rightfully bears the Good Shepherd title for two reasons. First,
Jesus is the Good Shepherd because He voluntarily lays down His life for His sheep. Unlike the
hired hand who cares nothing for the sheep and runs away when danger threatens, the Good
Shepherd sticks by His sheep. He defends them. He even willingly dies in their place. Jesus
leads His followers with self-sacrificial love.
Second, Jesus is the Good Shepherd because He knows His sheep and His sheep know Him.
This beautiful image describes the intimate relationship between Jesus and His children. We
all long to fully know others and be fully known by them. Yet we also wince at the thought of
our deepest sins or shortfalls being exposed for all to see. Jesus knows us fully, yet He is not
ashamed or repulsed. Our sins and failings do not take Him by surprise. Our transgressions
cannot diminish His love for us. In Christ, we are fully known and truly loved.16 We belong to
Him, our Good Shepherd.
Jesus made one additional pronouncement before the Pharisees. He revealed, “I have other
sheep that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will listen to my voice,
and there shall be one flock and one shepherd.” For the first time in John’s Gospel, Jesus
alludes to the mystery of the Church.17 Jesus came first to the Jews then to the Gentiles,18 the
“other sheep.” Jesus unites His followers as one, crossing all perceived boundary lines within
humanity. All who trust in Christ belong to the Good Shepherd.
Jesus concluded His remarks by reiterating His divine authority over life and death. He would
lay down His life and take it up again when He rose from the grave.
14. Needs met: Philippians 4:19

15. More than we imagine: 1 Corinthians 2:9; Ephesians 3:20
16. Fully known: 1 Corinthians 13:12
17. Mystery of the Church: Ephesians 2:11-22; 3:6
18. Jews then Gentiles: Romans 1:16

The Controversy of Jesus’s Claims – 10:19-21
Jesus’ emphasis on His death and resurrection provoked a mixed reaction among Jesus’s
hearers. Some wrote Him off as “demon-possessed and raving mad.” Others pondered His
declarations and the unmistakable power He demonstrated when He healed the man born blind.
Jesus’s claim of divinity demands a response that divides the believing and unbelieving.
Jesus Is God’s Son – John 10:22-42
Unbelief Surges – 10:22-39

The Dispute – 10:22-24
John introduces a change in setting but continues to explore the topic of Jesus’s divinity.
During the Festival of Dedication in Jerusalem, the Jews approached Jesus, inquiring, “How
long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Messiah, tell us plainly.” Their demand for
clarity seems to indicate that they blamed Jesus for their own lack of belief.
The Declaration – 10:25-30

Jesus responded to the Jews’ confrontational demand. He declared that His works authenticate
and substantiate His Messianic claim. Then He informed them very plainly: “But you do not believe
because you are not my sheep.” Jesus candidly revealed the truth about their spiritual state. The
persistent unbelief of the Jewish leaders confirmed that they did not belong to Jesus’s flock.
Jesus offered even greater detail as He contrasted true and false sheep. True sheep not only
know, listen to, and follow Jesus, they also rest eternally secure in the grip of His strong hand.
Jesus declared, “I give [my sheep] eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one will snatch them
out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them
out of my Father’s hand.” The same hands that created the universe and formed humanity from
the dust of the ground19 shield, protect, and keep forever those who trust in Jesus.
With unabashed clarity, Jesus left no doubt about His deity as He declared, “I and the Father are
one.” The truth about Jesus—His divine origin, redemptive mission, and ultimate victory—does
not allow neutrality. Scripture does not allow ambiguity about the fact that Jesus is fully God.20
The Father and the Son are two separate persons of the Godhead but are united in nature, will,
purpose, and actions.
The Death Threat – 10:31-39

In response to Jesus’s claim that He and the Father are one, the Jews prepared to stone Him.
Dismissing Jesus as a mere man who was asserting Himself to be God, they accused Him of
blasphemy. Jesus met their accusations with two arguments. First, He looked to Scripture as a
reliable witness. He referenced Psalm 82:6, which declared Israel’s judges “gods.” Considered
a divine appointment, the role of a judge mirrored God’s role as the one true Judge. God set
19. Created from dust: Genesis 2:7
20. Jesus is fully God: John 1:1, 14, 18; 17:21; Philippians 2:5-6; Colossians 2:9-10
202 | Lesson 14
Safe in the Good Shepherd’s Fold
The Doctrine of Eternal Security
Jesus’s teaching in John 10 describes the safety and security believers experience as
sheep who follow the Good Shepherd. Those who put their faith in Christ’s finished work
do not have to speculate about their eternal future. Salvation cannot be obtained through
human works, nor can it be forfeited when we falter. This is true because right standing in
God’s sight rests solely on Christ’s perfection, not ours. The Holy Spirit “seals” or guarantees
the eternal salvation of all people who put their faith in Christ’s atoning sacrifice.1 When
God initiates the good work of salvation and redeems a sinner, He continues perfectly
unhindered until salvation’s glorious consummation.2
How do we explain people who first profess Christ as Savior, then later walk away from
Him? While we cannot accurately assess anyone’s relationship with Christ, God can.
Scripture teaches that God holds fast those who genuinely trust Him for salvation. In this
life, believers continue to struggle with sin and doubt. However, God’s grip on the true
believer is stronger than sin’s pull, feelings of doubt, or the enemy’s opposition.3 When
doubts arise, our best focus is to passionately seek the Lord. The promises of Scripture
stand firm as an anchor for the soul. Salvation is God’s work from start to glorious finish.4
Many people believe their salvation can be lost. Some walk away for a time and then
return. Others who walk away may never have had real trust. We cannot know—only God
knows. However, if salvation depends on our wavering obedience, we live life facing eternity
without certainty. We do not adequately grasp Christ’s unconditional love and sustaining
grace. Struggles that come when we sin cause doubts. Christ’s righteousness, not our own,
secures salvation.
What a relief to understand that our soul’s security rests in Christ, not ourselves! We
regularly experience the darkness lingering within our hearts. We recognize that we often
love our sin more than our Savior. But we also recognize that we are sheep who hear our
Shepherd’s voice. When we stray, Jesus comes after us. When we falter, He holds us up.
Jesus carries us through. We will persevere in faith, not because we are strong, but because
Jesus is mighty.
1. Christ’s sacrifice: Ephesians 1:13-14
2. Secure until salvation’s consummation: Romans 8:29-30
3. No separation: Romans 8:38-39: Philippians 1:6
4. God’s work in salvation: Romans 8:30; Philippians 1:6
Israel’s judges apart for a specific, holy task. They served to exercise authority over His people.
Likewise, God uniquely commissioned and set apart His Son with His preordained purpose.
Since Scripture appropriately referred to Israel’s judges as “gods,” certainly Jesus could
accurately declare Himself as God.

Secondly, Jesus argued if they refused to believe His words, they should at least believe His
works. Jesus’s miracles, including the healing of the blind man, displayed His divine authority and
power. Jesus performed miraculous works as signs so that people “may know and understand
that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.” Only the God who created life could open blind eyes
and instill spiritual life within dead hearts. Christ’s words and works should lead to faith in Him.
Belief Surfaces – 10:40-42

After the proud Pharisees rejected Jesus and sought His death, Jesus relocated across the
Jordan. He went to the region where John the Baptist had formerly served, preparing the way
for Jesus. John the Baptist baptized those who responded to his warnings. In contrast to
Jesus’s enemies, people in this region recognized that everything John the Baptist said about
Jesus was true and many believed.
Jesus’s compassion involved more than healing broken bodies. He also showed His infinite
love by declaring eternal truth, confronting false shepherds, and exposing wrong thinking.
Jesus’s true sheep recognize the voice of their shepherd. They experience security enfolded
in His true promises. Jesus, the Good Shepherd, lovingly cares for those He leads. The truth
about Jesus demands a response. Some will resist Jesus, rejecting His claims. Others will find
in Jesus a place of rescue, restoration, refreshment, and hope for all eternity. He leads with
strength and gentleness; He guides perfectly, powerfully, and personally. Why would we flee
from Jesus when He lovingly calls us to run to Him?
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
The Pharisees mistreated the blind man Jesus had compassionately healed. In response,
Jesus contrasted true and false shepherds. True shepherds lead sheep well. They know and
care for their sheep. Sheep recognize the voice of their true shepherd. False shepherds seek
to kill, steal, and destroy. Sheep do not recognize the voice of a false shepherd; they run away.
Jesus revealed He is the Good Shepherd who lays down His life for His sheep. Jesus tenderly
guides, protects, and cares for His sheep in this life and for eternity.
Jesus’s words sparked intense opposition. The Pharisees directly asked Him if He was the
Messiah. Jesus continued to expose their unbelief. In contrast, Jesus’s sheep believe in Him.
They know Him as their Good Shepherd and follow Him. Jesus’s followers cannot be snatched
from His strong grip. Jesus confirmed His unity of purpose and love with the Father for His
children. The Pharisees, recognizing Jesus’s claim to deity, sought to stone Him. Jesus ended
His conversation with the Pharisees by challenging them to believe what He had just revealed.
Jesus left and crossed the Jordan, where many people came to faith.
204 | Lesson 14
Apply It
A desire to be truly known rises within every human being. When we learn that God knows
everything about us, we can feel equally daunted and delighted.21 There are realities that we
might simply prefer to hide, even from God. The Good Shepherd knows His sheep. Jesus
knows you intimately and has known you forever. He knows your strongest talents and
greatest failures. He knows your every thought. He knows the anxieties you carry with you from
childhood, your fulfilled and unfulfilled desires, your happiest times, and your most profound
grief. Jesus not only knows you, He loves you. He longs to lead you to life’s highest possible joy
and greatest satisfaction, found in Him alone. What insecurity or fear should you confess to the
Lord? What is your response to Jesus’s loving care and intimate knowledge of you? How might
you willingly follow God’s leading? The Good Shepherd who knows you completely loves you
perfectly. He alone can hold you eternally safe and secure.
Jesus spoke words of deep encouragement. He also offered warnings. Jesus

is the Good Shepherd who guards and guides His people. He warned of
Jesus is the Good
false shepherds who try to gain followers while seeking to deceive and harm
Shepherd who
people. We live in a world where lies parade as truth. People with self-serving guards and guides
motives pretend to care about us. How do we discern between good leaders His people.
and false ones? Certainly we cannot be so wary that we trust no one! True
shepherds bring clarity, not confusion. True shepherds put the welfare of those they lead over
their own popularity or perceived success. True shepherds demonstrate self-sacrifice for the
sake of others. True shepherds rest in God’s truth. They point to Jesus. How will you depend on
the Holy Spirit and God’s Word to discern who to believe and follow? Everyone leads someone.
What kind of a leader are you? How is God working in you to become a leader who shepherds
others well? How is He equipping and enabling you to serve those entrusted to your care?
Jesus the Good Shepherd raises up spiritual leaders who lead others to know and follow Him.
We often overcomplicate the Christian life. Jesus simplified the essence of true faith: He leads
and we follow. Jesus goes ahead of us, and we walk behind Him. We train our ears to listen
for His voice while we embrace His truth. We surrender our agendas or plans to His better
way. We trust that He knows more than we do. We can securely rest in His loving care. When
the Good Shepherd leads us to green pastures and quiet waters, we relish His refreshment
and provision.22 We can trust that our Shepherd will lead us down the right paths for His
name’s sake.23 When He leads us into the darkest valley, we rest in His presence and under
the protection of His rod and staff.24 When the Good Shepherd leads us into the very presence
of our enemies, we know that He will provide everything we need at His table.25 In the loving
care of our Shepherd, we find goodness and love that follow us every step of our lives and into
eternity.26 What does following the Good Shepherd look like in your life this week? How will you
trust God with the roughest challenge or deepest fear you face today? Will you choose today to
follow where your Good Shepherd leads?
21. God knows everything: Psalm 139:13-18; Jeremiah 1:5; Matthew 10:29-30
22. Times of refreshment: Psalm 23:2
23. Right paths: Psalm 23:3
24. Dark valleys: Psalm 23:4
25. Presence of enemies: Psalm 23:5a
26. Goodness and love: Psalm 23:6

JOHN: LESSON 15
The Raising LESSON
of Lazarus SCRIPTURE
JOHN 11
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you better understand or appreciate Jesus as your Good Shepherd?
2. What teaching from the lecture helped clarify the unity of God the Father and God the Son?

Jesus learned that His friend Lazarus was seriously ill.
3. a. From verses 1-5, give details about Mary, Martha, and Lazarus and their relationship
with Jesus.
Lesson 15 | 207
b. Why did Jesus say Lazarus’s sickness would not end in death but was for God’s glory?
c. How could a sudden crisis or long struggle you face bring glory or honor to God?
4. a. What do you learn from Mary and Martha’s message to Jesus?
b. Why did Jesus wait two days before going to Bethany?
c. When have you experienced a delayed answer to prayer? What did you learn about God
and yourself through that experience that you can apply today?
5. What do verses 9-10 mean? (See also John 9:4 and 12:35.) How does this truth challenge
you, and how will you respond?
6. How might you explain Thomas’s reaction in verse 16?

Jesus encountered Lazarus’s sister Martha.
7. a. Describe the steps through which Martha’s faith progressed as Jesus led her from one
promise to the next.
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b. How has God worked in your life to fortify your faith in Christ?
8. a. What did Jesus mean in verses 25-26? (Use other Scripture passages you may know.)
b. How are Jesus’s words significant for you today?

After consoling Mary, Jesus called Lazarus to rise from the dead.
9. a. Why was Jesus “deeply moved in spirit and troubled” as He spoke with Mary and arrived
at Lazarus’s tomb?
b. How does Jesus’s reaction impact your personal relationship with Him?
c. What is meaningful to you about verse 35?
10. Why was it important for Jesus to pray to His Father before raising Lazarus?
11. a. What two commands did Jesus give concerning Lazarus before he could live a new life?

b. How does Jesus’s miraculous gift of physical life to Lazarus compare with the
miraculous gift of spiritual life to believers? (See also John 3:5, 8; 8:32; Romans 6:5-7,
11-14; Ephesians 2:1, 4-5; and any other Scriptures to support your answer.)

After this amazing miracle, Jesus left Bethany, awaiting Passover.
12. What were the different reactions and responses to Jesus’s miracle among those who
witnessed or heard of it?
13. a. What phrases expressed the frustrations and fears of the Sanhedrin regarding Jesus?
b. What was their primary focus and motivation, and what warning does this give you?
14. What was the significance of the words of the high priest in verses 49-50? What do you
learn about God from these words? (See also John 3:16.)

Jesus’s resurrection power overcomes death.
15. How has learning about Jesus’s resurrection power strengthened your faith and trust in Him?

210 | Lesson 15
Lecture Notes

Lesson 15 Notes
John 11
Focus Verse
“Jesus said to her, ‘I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live,
even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die. Do you believe
this?’” (John 11:25-26)
Outline
● The Delay of Love – John 11:1-16
● The Defeat of Death – John 11:17-44
● The Deliberation of Enemies – John 11:45-57
Engage
Death. This word and its reality, unlike any other, introduce humanity to deep grief, piercing
trauma, unimaginable loss, and shattered hopes. Death runs directly counter to God’s
design for life. God wants us to experience flourishing, abundant, glorious, and eternal
life. He created people with a unique capacity to know and relate to Him. However, sin’s
entrance into the world brought death,1 and death brings separation—from life, from loved
ones, and from God. As much as we desire to avoid death, we can expect it as a natural
consequence of living in a fallen world.2
By God’s grace, death is not the end of the story. Immediately after Adam and Eve’s original
sin, God promised a Redeemer.3 Our Father fulfilled that promise by giving us a “last
Adam”—His own Son.4 Jesus’s resurrection power overcomes death. Jesus raised Lazarus
from the dead, foreshadowing His redeeming triumph to come. God’s Son defeated death
on the cross, rose victoriously from the grave, and gives new, eternal life to all who put their
faith in Him.
1. Sin’s entrance: Genesis 3:19
2. Dead in sin: Romans 1:32; 5:12; Ephesians 2:1; Colossians 2:13
3. Promised Redeemer: Genesis 3:15
4. Last Adam: 1 Corinthians 15:42-49
The Delay of Love – John 11:1-16

From this point in John’s Gospel, Jesus’s ministry gains momentum toward the cross. Jesus
stopped for an emotion-packed reunion with cherished friends and a stunning demonstration
of victory over death. Like all miracles in John’s Gospel, this purposefully recorded sign of
Lazarus’s miraculous resurrection calls people to believe in Jesus.
212 | Lesson 15
The Urgent Message – 11:1-3
Mary, Martha, and Lazarus were siblings, and all three were close friends of Jesus. They lived
in the town of Bethany, nearly 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Jerusalem on the road to Jericho.
John identifies Mary as the woman who poured perfume on Jesus and wiped his feet with
her hair, an incident chronicled in the next chapter.1 John’s first readers would likely have been
familiar with this event.
Lazarus was gravely ill. In urgent despair, his sisters sought the immediate help of their friend and
Lord, Jesus Christ. They stated their need directly to Jesus but did not dictate a solution. Their
message, “Lord, the one you love is sick,” indicates a deep affection between Jesus and Lazarus.
Jesus’s Glory – 11:4-6 Often, God works

more slowly
Jesus’s Encouraging Response – 11:4
or differently
Upon hearing the serious news about His dear friend, Jesus replied, “This than we desire
sickness will not end in death. No, it is for God’s glory so that God’s Son or expect. The
may be glorified through it.” Jesus did not mean that Lazarus would recover frustrating delays
naturally from his illness. Rather, Jesus indicated that death would not win we experience call
the ultimate victory. Lazarus’s death would offer an opportunity to glorify
us to trust God’s
both the Father and the Son. God is glorified when His true nature is made
higher purposes
known.2 This miracle would also glorify Jesus by revealing His divine identity,
authority, and power.3 Blessings would come through the Father’s perfect
but never indicate
will, plan, and timing. Like the sun’s slow rise that paints the sky at dawn, our a lack of love or
emerging grasp of God’s glory often requires time. concern for us.
Jesus’s Surprising Delay – 11:5-6

Jesus did not rush to Lazarus’s bedside; He deliberately delayed for two days. This
unexpected delay should be seen against the backdrop of Jesus’s love for Lazarus and his
sisters. Often, God works more slowly or differently than we desire or expect. The frustrating
delays we experience call us to trust God’s higher purposes but never indicate a lack of love or
concern for us. Every hour of every day, in every place, and in each situation, Jesus trusted His
Father’s timing for the work He was sent to do. Jesus experienced every emotion we do but
remained committed to His Father’s plan.
While Jesus intentionally waited, Lazarus died. Jesus’s patient obedience would result in
greater joy and a far greater miracle than healing a sick man. Jesus’s sensitivity to the Father’s
perfect timing would reveal His divine power, grow Mary’s and Martha’s faith despite their pain,
and lead many to believe in Him.
1. Jesus’s anointing: John 12:1-8

2. God’s glory: Psalms 19:1-4; 108:5; Isaiah 6:3; Romans 1:20
3. Christ’s glory: John 1:14; 17:5; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Hebrews 1:3

Light over Darkness – 11:7-10
The Right Time to Go to Judea – 11:7-8
When Jesus announced, “Let us go back to Judea,” His alarmed disciples reminded Him of
the danger posed by His enemies there.4 God’s purposes, not people’s perceptions, governed
Jesus’s plans. He delayed traveling to Bethany in Judea when He received the urgent plea of
Mary and Martha. Two days later, Jesus proceeded against His disciples’ objections yet in
alignment with His Father’s timeline.
The Light that Led Them to Judea – 11:9-10

Jesus came into the world to shine His light into the world’s darkness. “Are there not twelve
hours of daylight?” Jesus asked. “Anyone who walks in the daytime will not stumble, for they see
by this world’s light. It is when a person walks at night that they stumble, for they have no light.”
Typically, people work during daytime hours. The 12 hours of daylight Jesus mentioned refer
to His divinely appointed life span and mission on earth. Jesus would not stumble as He
unrelentingly walked in the daylight of God’s appointed plan. Jesus’s path of obedience led
to suffering but also revealed God’s glory. God’s light would not diminish, even when darkness
descended upon Jesus as He died on the cross. Jesus’s work of redemption remained His
steadfast goal.
Jesus and those who follow Him walk in His light and will not stumble eternally. Jesus’s light
continues to shine today through the lives of believers. God sustains His light from generation
to generation until Jesus’s return, when He will bring in the new heavens and new earth.5
Those who reject Jesus stumble and remain in darkness. They suffer spiritual blindness and
deception by Satan, the prince of this world.6 They await a second death—eternal separation
from God.7
A Great Awakening – 11:11-15

Jesus prepared His disciples for the coming miracle. He spoke metaphorically by saying,
“Lazarus has fallen asleep; but I am going there to wake him up.” The confused disciples
understood the recuperative qualities of rest but failed to comprehend what Jesus meant.
Seeing his disciples’ confusion, Jesus clearly stated, “Lazarus is dead,” setting the stage for a
greater sign that revealed His eternal purpose.
Most scholars believe Lazarus likely died the day Jesus received the message. When Jesus got
there, Lazarus had already been dead for four days. Jesus knew Lazarus’s death would bring
glory to God. Lazarus’s resurrection would reveal an unprecedented display of Jesus’s power
as well as a powerful call to faith.
4. Threats against Jesus: John 10:31-39

5. No more night: Revelation 22:5
6. Blindness and deception: John 12:31; 1 Corinthians 1:20; 2 Corinthians 4:4
7. Second death: Revelation 2:11; 21:8
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Courageous Commitment – 11:16
John records Thomas’s rather despairing words. As he considered Jesus’s announcement that
they were headed to Judea, Thomas said, “Let us also go, that we may die with him.” His words
may appear as a fatalistic surrender to certain death, yet Thomas’s statement was more likely
an expression of bold and brave commitment. No disciple challenged Thomas’s declaration. All
the disciples accompanied Jesus to Bethany.
In some ways, Thomas’s blend of loyalty and fear mirrors our internal battle as we desire to
follow God while counting the cost. His words also foreshadowed the future awaiting Jesus’s
band of disciples. Jesus would eventually die. Each of the disciples would be persecuted, and
most would die as martyrs. Even in the face of physical death, the disciples chose not to be
separated from Jesus. They desired to be in no other place than in the light of their Lord.8
The Defeat of Death – John 11:17-44

As humans, we tend to approach death with hesitation, fear, and trembling. Whether
contemplating our own death or paying respects to a loved one, we reluctantly face the
inevitable end of human life. Jesus did not fear death—He defeated it. In Bethany and on His
way to the cross, Jesus approached death head-on. The resurrection He was about to perform
foreshadowed His own resurrection and the future resurrection awaiting believers. Jesus
meets us in our deepest grief and offers hope beyond the grave.
Encountering Martha – 11:17-27

Death in the Air – 11:17-20
When Jesus neared Bethany, He encountered the sights and sounds of mourning. By this time,
Lazarus had been in the grave for four days. Crowds of people who loved the family walked
from Jerusalem to comfort them. When Martha heard that Jesus had arrived, she went to
meet Him. Jesus’s presence would provide comfort to His hurting friends.
Martha’s Lament – 11:21-22

Martha greeted Jesus while Mary stayed behind. Martha’s honest opening words to Jesus
reflect faith blended with disappointment: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would
not have died.” This “if only” statement should not be seen as a rebuke of her Lord. Martha
expressed deep sorrow entwined with confidence that Jesus could have prevented her
brother’s death.
Jewish tradition in that day held that a person’s soul hovered over its corpse for three days,
desiring to reenter the body. According to that belief, on the fourth day, when the face of
the dead began to decompose, the soul would leave, and any hope was gone. At this point,
Lazarus’s death was indisputable.
8. Life of faith: John 6:68; 10:10

Even in her pain, Martha went on to express sincere faith in her Lord, saying, “But I know that
even now God will give you whatever you ask.” We cannot be sure what Martha meant as
she moved from “if only” to “I know.” However, she did not expect an immediate resurrection.
Martha trusted Jesus with faith poised to grow.
The Promise of Resurrection – 11:23-24

Jesus met Martha’s words with an amazing promise: “Your brother will rise again.” Martha’s
response reflected Jewish theology and her certainty that Lazarus would be resurrected at
the last day.9 With faith-stretching purposefulness, Jesus would move Martha’s faith beyond
knowing what He could have done in the past and into believing what He would do in the future.
She did not yet grasp the full and present impact of Jesus’s words.
The Power of Resurrection – 11:25-27

Jesus’s next words to Martha contain both eternal truth and a personal challenge. First, Jesus
stated that He alone is the source and giver of life. Jesus declared, “I am the resurrection
and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by
believing in me will never die.”
John intentionally recorded a series of statements that reveal Jesus’s divine identity and
eternal power. Jesus had previously revealed Himself as the source of living water,10 the Bread
of Life,11 and the Light of the World.12 He would later refer to Himself as the way, the truth,
and the life.13 Christ alone has the authority to give life.14 Those who believe in Jesus receive
eternal life beyond the earthly grave and in God’s presence forever.15
Next, Jesus asked Martha the most important question anyone can ever be asked: “Do you
believe this?” Jesus lovingly took Martha from an intellectual grip on eternal truth to a
personal affirmation of her faith. With concrete words, Martha stated her personal conviction
about Jesus: “I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, who is to come into the world.”
To believe Jesus is to accept the gift of eternal life.
Encountering Mary – 11:28-37

Martha hurried to her sister. Still crushed by grief, Mary immediately went to Jesus, her
Comforter, who had asked to see her. Completely helpless, Mary fell at Jesus’s feet. She
repeated Martha’s lament, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.”
Perhaps the sisters had previously discussed this thought.
Jesus revealed His compassionate heart as He shared the pain of His loved one.16 Surrounded
by bitter grief and the stark reality of death, Jesus joined His friends in sorrow over their loss.
Verse 35 captures the magnitude of this moment in two strikingly simple and poignant words,
“Jesus wept.” The tears Jesus shed at Lazarus’s tomb reveal His compassion for humanity’s
9. Prophecy of resurrection: Daniel 12:2-3
10. Living water: John 4:10-14
11. Bread of Life: John 6:35-41
12. Light of the World: John 8:12
13. Way, truth, life: John 14:6-7
14. Giver of life: John 1:4; 10:10; 17:1-2; Ephesians 2:1-5; Colossians 3:1-4; 1 Thessalonians 4:16
15. Resurrection: 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18; 1 Corinthians 15:50-57
16. Jesus’s compassion: Isaiah 53:3-4; Matthew 8:17; Hebrews 2:17; 4:14-16; 5:7
216 | Lesson 15
plight and His identification with our emotions and struggles. The people watching noted
Jesus’s love for His friend. Today, we continue to marvel at Jesus’s heart of compassion for the
pain we experience in this world.
Encountering Lazarus – 11:38-44

The Stench of Death – 11:38-40
Still gripped by grief, Jesus commanded that the stone be removed. Martha recognized the
audacity of this request and correctly expressed that death not only stings—death also stinks.
Also, contact with a dead body would result in being declared ceremonially unclean. But Jesus
had a greater purpose: He would deepen their faith, display His resurrection power, and glorify God.
Unity with the Father – 11:41-42

Throughout His life and ministry, Jesus turned to His Father in trust and surrender.17 As the
stone was removed, Jesus prayed, “Father, I thank you that you have heard me. I knew that you
always hear me, but I said this for the benefit of the people standing here, that they may believe
that you sent me.” God the Father and God the Son remain united in purpose to display and
deploy resurrection power.18
Into the Light of Life – 11:43-44

With a loud shout, Jesus commanded, “Lazarus, come out!” Imagine the silent, dramatic pause
of that moment with so much at stake: a beloved man dead four days; a crowd consumed
by curiosity—many on the brink of belief; and Jesus’s exposure of His righteous reputation,
Messianic claims, and divine authority.
A bandaged body emerged from the dank darkness of death into the light of life. Lazarus was
alive! Freed from death’s grip, Lazarus, Jesus’s friend, received new life. “Take off the grave
clothes,” Jesus said, “and let him go.” The garments of death no longer suited the resurrected
Lazarus. This miraculous display of Jesus’s power and authority became deeply vivid and personal.
The Deliberation of Enemies – John 11:45-57
Division Increases – 11:45-53

Eternity-Impacting Faith – 11:45
Jesus’s pivotal miracle at Bethany demanded a response. People saw or heard of Jesus’s
undeniable power over death. Many came to faith in Jesus, which changed the trajectory
of their lives for eternity. Their newfound belief in Jesus as Messiah sealed them as eternal
residents of God’s kingdom, saving them from eternal death and separation from God.19
17. Jesus and the Father: John 8:29

18. Resurrection power: John 5:19-21
19. Eternal life: John 3:16-21

Murderous Conspiracy – 11:46-53
Jesus’s undeniable miracle also ignited fierce unbelief and opposition. Some who witnessed this
miracle went to the Pharisees, who called a meeting of the elite religious counsel, the Sanhedrin.
Upon hearing the undeniable news of Lazarus’s resurrection, the religious leaders conspired.
They neither rejoiced nor turned to faith in Jesus. Instead of accepting Jesus as Savior, they
considered Him a threat to their power and influence. Their concerns were:
● What were they accomplishing by doing nothing?
● Jesus was performing many miraculous signs.
● If they allowed Jesus to continue, everyone would believe in Him.
● As a result, the Romans would intervene to hold onto their control of the nation.
With cold-blooded calculation, Caiaphas, the high priest, suggested a plan: remove the
troublemaker and, therefore, remove the trouble. Caiaphas unconsciously and providentially
uttered Messianic prophecy as he stated, “You do not realize that it is better for you that one
man die for the people than that the whole nation perish.” Caiaphas unknowingly and ironically
stated profound truth—Jesus would die so whoever believes in Him would not perish but
have everlasting life.20 God sovereignly causes even the wrath of evil men to accomplish His
purposes. Caiaphas’s words stoked the plot to kill Jesus.
Withdrawal but Not Retreat – 11:54-57

With Passover on the horizon, the Lord’s crucifixion drew ever nearer. God’s timing, not the
Sanhedrin’s plot, dictated when God’s Son would offer His atoning sacrifice. With death plots
brewing, Jesus and the disciples withdrew to the desert until six days before Passover. The
raising of Lazarus clearly proved Jesus’s divine authority and identity. In due time, Jesus, God’s
Passover Lamb, would accomplish His mission to save His people through His death and
glorious resurrection. Jesus’s resurrection power overcomes death.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus heard about the serious illness of His dear friend Lazarus and intentionally waited two
days before going to Bethany. Lazarus died during this delay. Jesus arrived to meet Martha,
Mary, and their fellow mourners, who were consumed by grief. The Lord transformed Lazarus’s
painful death into a glorious and transcendent moment. Through this heartbreaking situation,
Jesus revealed His character, power, and love for His people. In God’s good time, everyone who
believes in Him will ultimately be blessed.
Jesus built up the faith of Martha and Mary as He raised Lazarus back to life. This
spectacular miracle demonstrated Jesus’s divine resurrection power in undeniable ways.
20. Whoever believes: John 3:16
218 | Lesson 15
Deliverance from Death
The Doctrine of Resurrection
John records Jesus’s miracles as “signs” that purposefully reveal truth about Him. The
miracle of Lazarus’s resurrection is John’s seventh example of Jesus’s power and authority.
Jesus’s sign of raising Lazarus foreshadowed His own death-shattering and hell-defeating
resurrection. This miracle also points toward the glorious resurrection of all who believe
in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. Jesus’s death on the cross paid sin’s price in full,
redeeming all God’s children. Jesus’s resurrection claimed victory over death for all who
trust Him for salvation. Jesus’s resurrection stands as a foundational pillar of the Christian
faith.1 Lazarus was raised up only to face death again later, but every believer anticipates
a future resurrection to a glorified body with no death on the other side. The raising of
Lazarus points to this future reality.
While we await our resurrection after death, Jesus’s resurrection power works within God’s
children today. Redeemed believers, indwelt and sealed by His Holy Spirit, die to their old
ways of living—freed from sin’s bondage and reborn to live in joyful obedience to God’s will
and ways.2 Jesus Christ brings new resurrection life to dead hearts.3 God calls believers
to be salt and light on earth. He commissions His people as witnesses to Jesus Christ and
His kingdom.4 Just as Jesus was raised, all believers will be resurrected in glorious bodies
prepared for eternity.5 Jesus’s resurrection promises that all who believe in Him will be
raised again to life eternal.
Without understanding Jesus’s victory over death, people live without hope—gripped by
the fear of death.6 Death’s shadow looms large for everyone, despite efforts to ignore or
postpone the unavoidable approach of mortality. To see Jesus’s resurrection as a myth
means forsaking humanity’s only hope for recovering everything that death steals away.
Job expressed well the hope that upholds every believer: “I know that my redeemer lives,
and that in the end he will stand on the earth. And after my skin has been destroyed, yet
in my flesh I will see God.”7 Jesus’s resurrection made Him the firstfruits of those who
die and are raised to eternal life.8 God’s resurrected children will enjoy freedom from all
darkness, pain, suffering, sin, and death. They will dwell in the eternal presence of God in
the new heaven and new earth to come.9 Because of Jesus’s resurrection power, death
does not speak the final word.
1. Resurrection: 1 Corinthians 15
2. New ways: Ephesians 4:22-24
3. New life: John 3:3-8; Romans 8:11
5. Future resurrection: Philippians 3:20-21
6. Fear of death: Hebrews 2:14-15
7. Redeemer lives: Job 19:25-26
8. Firstfruits: 1 Corinthians 15:20-23
9. Eternal joy: Revelation 21:3-5

It pointed to Jesus’s coming resurrection and the resurrected life He would bring His people
by dying Himself. Death has no hold on Jesus. He reigns victoriously over sin’s power and
death’s devastation.
Not everyone believed in Jesus, despite the awesome display of His resurrection power.
However, even those who opposed Jesus ultimately served God’s purpose. Though people
stumble in darkness, God’s light prevails, extinguishing all darkness, suffering, pain, and
death forever. Until then, believers await Jesus’s return and serve joyfully as His witnesses.
Come, Lord Jesus!
Apply It
Our walk through this fallen world inevitably brings trouble and grief. How blessed we are to
know that we do not face our distress alone! Jesus came to Martha and Mary amid their pain.
He does not merely acknowledge our grief from a safe, sterile distance. Jesus experienced the
incredible loss and separation imposed by death and sin firsthand. The things that make us
sad move Jesus’s heart.21 What deep hurt or painful loss are you facing today? How will you
find strength by acknowledging Jesus’s genuine compassion for you? Jesus wept at Lazarus’s
tomb, sharing His friends’ grief while anticipating a victory they could not fathom. Whatever you
face today, Jesus knows, cares, and will accomplish more than you can conceive through His
power. What might it look like for you to trust God with your deepest burden today?
Jesus tenderly moved Martha from “if only” to “I know” to “I believe.” Life’s hardships provide an
opportunity to seek God, see Him work, and trust His greater purposes. Our faith often stumbles
when we lament the past or enumerate what did not happen. “If only I had been a better parent,
wife, husband…” “If only I had handled that situation differently or made a better decision…” Like
Martha, we can mourn the past and feel paralyzed in the present, even when we cognitively believe
God’s promises for the future. What do you know about God that grants stabilizing perspective
to today’s trauma? What promise is God calling you to believe, not just to provide distant future
hope but to find strength for today? How will God move you from “if only” to “I know” to “I believe”?
God uses even the fallen condition of this world for the good of His people and for His glory.
Death continues to steal our loved ones. We long for hope as we attend funerals. Facing this
world’s evil and our own sinfulness causes us great pain. God loves sinners so much that He
does not leave us stuck in sin or paralyzed by death’s reverberating siren. Because of Jesus, we
can weep, mourn, and rejoice simultaneously. God specializes in turning grief into joy, tears into
triumph, despair into hope, and death into life.22 This world’s troubles awaken within us a desire
for what only God can provide. The divine power that raised Lazarus and Jesus from the dead
brings spiritual life to our sin-deadened hearts. Through faith in Christ, sinners are rescued
from wasted life as well as death’s curse.23 Have you declared your faith in Jesus Christ as
your Savior and Lord? If not, will you receive His gift of new life, shed your grave clothes, and
follow Him? If you do believe, how does your life reflect appreciation, awe, and wonder over
what Christ accomplished for you and all sinners? What struggle in your life needs Jesus’s
transformational resurrection power to live according to His will and ways? Because of Jesus,
sin and death do not win.
21. Jesus’s heart: Matthew 11:28-30
22. Grief to joy: Isaiah 61:1-3; Revelation 21:4
23. Wasted life: 1 Peter 1:18-19
JOHN: LESSON 16
Jesus’s Anointing and LESSON
Arrival in Jerusalem
SCRIPTURE
JOHN 12
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you recognize how God has worked in your life to deepen your faith?
2. What truth from the lecture helped you understand how Jesus’s resurrection power
impacts your past, present, and future?

Mary anointed Jesus with expensive perfume.
3. a. Describe Mary’s actions.
b. What did this reveal about her heart?
Lesson 16 | 221
4. a. Describe Judas’s response.
b. What did this reveal about his heart?
5. Describe Jesus’s response. What do you learn from Him?
6. What does it cost you to worship Jesus?

In fulfillment of Scripture, Jesus triumphantly entered Jerusalem on a donkey.
7. a. How does this event fulfill Old Testament prophecy? (See also Psalm 118:25-26
and Zechariah 9:9.)
b. What did the crowd’s shouts reveal about their expectations of Jesus?
c. In what way does fulfilled prophecy give you confidence in God and His Word?
(See also 2 Corinthians 1:20.)
8. From verses 17-22, what different people groups surrounded Jesus as He entered
Jerusalem, and what motivated each group?
222 | Lesson 16
9. What does it look like for Jesus to be the rightful King of your life?

Jesus predicted His death and called His followers to die to themselves.
10. What did Jesus mean by “the hour” in verse 23? (See also John 13:1; 17:1.)
11. From verse 24, how was Jesus a “kernel of wheat” that, when it dies, “produces many seeds”?
12. a. How does Jesus apply the principle in verses 25-26 to His followers?
b. How do believers “hate their life” in this world?
c. In what specific way is God asking you to deny yourself right now? What makes this
sacrifice difficult?
13. What did Jesus reveal about His death in verses 30-33?
14. How do Jesus’s followers walk in the light?

Jesus warned of unbelief and invited people to saving faith.
15. a. From verse 37, how did people respond to Jesus?
b. What warning do the quotations from Isaiah 53:1 and 6:10 in verses 38 and 40
communicate?
16. a. From verses 42-43, why did some people fail to acknowledge their faith in Jesus?
b. In what way do you wrestle with a similar fear, and how might Paul’s words in 2 Timothy
1:7-8 encourage you?
17. What stands out to you in Jesus’s invitation to faith in verses 44-50?

Jesus calls His followers to die to themselves.
18. How did the Lord encourage or convict you through your study of John 12?

224 | Lesson 16
Lecture Notes

Lesson 16 Notes
John 12
Focus Verse
“Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a
single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds. Anyone who loves their life will lose it,
while anyone who hates their life in this world will keep it for eternal life.” (John 12:24-25)
Outline
● The Fragrance of Worship – John 12:1-11
● The Fanfare for the King – John 12:12-22
● The Fruitfulness of Death – John 12:23-36
● The Faithlessness of Men – John 12:37-50
Engage
How do you know if something is worth what it costs? Bold advertising attempts to
convince us of what we need to buy. Inflation and a volatile economy constantly increase
the cost of even life’s necessities. We struggle to connect the actual value of anything with
the price demanded. However, our time, energy, and passions are a commodity even more
precious than money. What causes are worth our investment? We can scarcely determine
what is worth paying for, let alone what might be worth fighting, or even dying, for. One
lesson seems true: Things with higher value rightly demand a higher cost.
John vividly presents Jesus’s infinite worth alongside the costliness of His coming sacrifice.
Out of inexpressible love for sinners, Jesus willingly set His course toward the cross. How can
anyone appropriately respond to Jesus’s extravagant sacrifice? God glorified Jesus through
His death. We glorify God by substituting His cause for ours. Only through death to self-rule
and self-interest can believers accomplish anything of eternal value. This world’s system
encourages people to promote themselves. Jesus calls His followers to die to themselves.
People who follow Jesus recognize that anything He requires represents eternal gain, not loss.
The Fragrance of Worship – John 12:1-11

Up to this point in His ministry, Jesus often repeated that His time had not yet come. John 12
commences Jesus’s final week on earth. The remainder of John’s Gospel focuses on events
leading up to Jesus’s death and resurrection. John dedicated nearly half of his Gospel to
narrating the most momentous week in human history. God determined every significant detail
as Jesus made His way to His willing death on the cross.
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A Costly Sacrifice – 12:1-3
Six days before Passover, Jesus passed through Bethany on His way to Jerusalem. Some
of Jesus’s friends held a dinner to honor Jesus and likely to celebrate His recent raising of
Lazarus. Mary and Martha, Lazarus’s two sisters, attended the dinner along with Lazarus
himself. Mary took a jar of expensive perfume, poured the perfume on Jesus’s feet, then
wiped His feet with her hair. As she sacrificed freely what could have been her most valuable
possession, the fragrance of Mary's perfume filled the house. This extravagant act of worship
demonstrated that Mary knew the exalted worth of her Savior. Mary’s costly sacrifice revealed
that her heart treasured Jesus.
A Critical Response – 12:4-6

Judas Iscariot criticized Mary’s extravagant expression of worship. The man who would betray
Jesus only five days later in exchange for merely 30 pieces of silver1 hid his true intentions
under the guise of concern for the poor. The bottle of pure nard Mary lavished on Jesus cost
a year’s wages. Judas questioned why the perfume had not been sold and the money given to
help the poor. What Mary viewed as worship, Judas regarded as waste.
John revealed the truth about Judas’s words and heart. Concern for the poor did not motivate
Judas. Instead, as keeper of the money bag, he often helped himself to the money at his
disposal. A thief by nature, Judas sought to sanitize his criticism by claiming an honorable
motive. Ultimately, Judas valued money more than he valued Jesus.
A Clarifying Defense – 12:7-8

Jesus immediately defended Mary. With divine wisdom, Jesus discerned the truth about both
Mary and Judas. Jesus replied to Judas, “Leave her alone. It was intended that she should save
this perfume for the day of my burial.” Jesus verified that Mary’s actions aligned with God’s will
regarding Jesus’s impending death. In the first century, spices and expensive perfumes often
masked the smell of death and decay during funeral processions. Whether or not Mary fully
realized the significance of her costly worship, her actions symbolically set Jesus apart for
the burial awaiting Him.2
The disciples and the curious crowd did not realize that the time of Jesus’s departure drew
near. While Jesus brought attention to the ongoing nature of life’s hardships and the struggles
faced by the poor, He warned that, unlike the poor, He would not be with them forever. Mary’s
actions pointed to God's plan—Jesus's sacrificial death on the cross.
A Curious Crowd – 12:9-11

An assembly of Jews gathered to see Jesus and Lazarus as they enjoyed dinner among
friends. The testimony of Lazarus’s resurrected life intrigued and inspired many to believe in
Jesus. Lazarus became the leading evidence for Jesus’s claim to deity. He also represented
1. Betrayal of Jesus: Matthew 26:14-16

2. The beauty of Mary’s sacrifice: Matthew 26:10

a serious threat to Jesus’s opponents. The spiritual blindness of Jesus’s enemies became
increasingly evident as they rejected undeniable proof of His divine power. Their hatred
escalated to murderous fury. The chief priests willingly sought to break God’s command
against murder, disregarding God’s law that they were tasked to uphold.3 In their desire to
protect their own sense of power, the chief priests plotted to kill Lazarus just as they plotted
to kill Lazarus’s Savior.4
The Fanfare for the King – John 12:12-22
Popularity, Praise, and Prophecy – 12:12-16

The next day, Jesus continued His journey to Jerusalem, where a great crowd gathered in
anticipation of the Passover celebration. When the people heard of Jesus’s arrival, they met
Him at the city gates with palm branches. In fulfillment of Scripture, Jesus rode into Jerusalem
on a donkey as the throng shouted, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the
Lord! Blessed is the king of Israel!”5 Previously, Jesus had deflected public attention.6 On God’s
timetable, He now received public praise. He knew this scene would provoke His opponents
to actions that would precipitate His death. Jesus triumphantly entered Jerusalem as God’s
appointed King—prepared to die.
This crowd expressed truth they did not comprehend. “Hosanna” is a transliteration of a
Hebrew word meaning “save now.” What did they expect as they proclaimed Jesus “king of
Israel”? Did they connect these events with the prophecy in Zechariah 9:9—that the promised
king would come in a lowly manner riding on a donkey? He was indeed Israel’s King who had
come to save them. Yet many would soon turn against Jesus when He failed to meet their
expectations. They desired a political leader to deliver them from Rome. Jesus came, instead,
as their Savior who would die rather than reign as an earthly king. However, every word they
shouted expressed truth.
Crowds, Curiosity, and Complaints – 12:17-22

Some in the crowd came because they heard about Lazarus. The dismayed Pharisees
complained, “See, this is getting us nowhere. Look how the whole world has gone after him!”
They feared Jesus’s rising popularity as a threat to their power. Some Greeks who were in
Jerusalem for Passover approached Philip, saying, “Sir, we would like to see Jesus.” In contrast
to the Jewish Pharisees who rejected Jesus, the Greeks—Gentiles—sought Him out. John
intentionally highlighted the breadth of Jesus’s kingship, which would move beyond Israel to
the whole world.
3. Command against murder: Exodus 20:13

4. Plot to kill Jesus: John 11:53
5. Fulfillment of Scripture: Psalm 118:25-26; Zechariah 9:9
6. Avoidance of public acclamation: John 6:15; 7:1, 10; 8:59
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The Fruitfulness of Death – John 12:23-36
The Principle of the Cross – 12:23-30

The Illustration – 12:23-24
Now, at the height of His public popularity, Jesus introduced a confounding concept. In
response to the Greeks’ request to see Him, Jesus replied, “The hour has come for the Son of
Man to be glorified.” Up to this point in John’s Gospel, Jesus had often reminded His followers,
“My time has not yet come.”7 With the coming of the Greeks, who represented the entire Gentile
world, the hour of Jesus’s death, burial, and resurrection had arrived. Jesus, King of the world,
prepared to die for the sins of the world.8
Jesus elaborated further on His statement by speaking of a kernel of wheat. He explained that
the kernel must fall to the ground, be buried, and die to bear fruit. Jesus revealed that His path
to glory necessitated death. Only through death and denial of Himself would Jesus bear the
fruit of salvation for all who believe in Him.
The Application – 12:25-26 Jesus’s followers

Jesus’s illustration did not only apply to Himself. Jesus clarified that the identify with Him
reality of death and self-denial applies to all who follow Him. He said, in following God’s
“Anyone who loves their life will lose it, while anyone who hates their life in will, not their own.
this world will keep it for eternal life.” Jesus’s followers identify with Him in Vibrant spiritual
following God’s will, not their own. Vibrant spiritual productivity in a believer’s productivity in
life requires death to self.
a believer’s life
Jesus’s call to follow Him and die is not easy but comes with a promise. requires death
Jesus pledged, “Whoever serves me must follow me; and where I am, my to self.
servant also will be. My Father will honor the one who serves me.” God honors
those who forsake their lives to follow Jesus.9 Our Savior, Jesus, experienced suffering’s most
grievous blow. He knows fully the difficulty that comes with the call to follow Him. Jesus is
always with His children and understands their pain. Christ-followers face life’s hardships with
His peace as they deny self and trust the Lord. Believers who seek Jesus in persecution and
suffering bring honor and praise to His name.
Jesus’s Anticipation – 12:27-28a

Jesus’s soul became troubled as His thoughts turned toward His imminent crucifixion.
Bearing the weight of the world’s sins on the cross meant separation from His Father and
enduring God’s wrath. Yet even in the face of unexplainable dread, Jesus resolved to stay the
course. Why? How? Jesus proclaimed, “Father, glorify your name!” God’s glory fueled Jesus’s
obedience, even unto death. Jesus’s resolve to follow God’s will to achieve God’s purpose
demonstrated His fruitful death as a “kernel of wheat.”
7. Time not yet come: John 2:4; 7:6, 8, 30; 8:20

8. Die for the sins of the world: John 3:16-17; 11:51-52; 1 John 2:2; Revelation 5:9
9. Denying self: Luke 9:23-25

Dying to Self to Live for God
The Doctrine of the Cross for a Believer
Jesus does not call His followers to a life of ease and comfort. Throughout Scripture,
Jesus emphasized the costliness of following Him. He often employed extreme language
to convey His point. Jesus likened following Him to hating one’s father, mother, wife,
children, brothers, sisters, and even one’s own life.1 He warned potential followers to count
the cost.2 Jesus referred to discipleship as denying oneself3 and carrying one’s cross.4
A believer’s cross does not necessarily refer to a specific burden, such as a long-term
physical illness, ongoing temptation, or a strained relationship. Political rebels in the
first century often received a sentence of death by crucifixion. Executioners forced the
condemned individuals to carry their crosses to the execution site. The degrading display
of carrying one’s cross symbolized an offender’s complete brokenness in submission to
the authority one had transgressed.
Similarly, the believer’s cross represents total surrender to Christ’s authority. Following
Christ wholeheartedly requires deliberate surrender of personal plans and ambitions
in complete obedience to Him, no matter the cost. Discipleship involves intentionally
disowning “self” as the primary motivation in life. However, denying self does not mean
ignoring, neglecting, or disregarding self. God purposefully uses the believer’s cross
to restore us in His image and fashion us in the likeness of Christ. As we grow in
Christlikeness, we become more fully the people who God created us to be.
To live without appropriate regard for God and others leaves us wanting. With self as the
driver for our dreams and desires, we fail to flourish as the people God created us to be.
Inevitably, disappointment follows when our own wants and needs become our primary
obsession. Living in a world dominated by self-interest reveals only brokenness and
competing agendas.
Jesus demonstrated a better way. Every word Jesus spoke and every action He took
fulfilled His Father’s plan. He always sought the welfare of others. When we live for Jesus
and seek to be like Him, our focus dramatically widens beyond the narrow attention
centered on our little worlds. Self-denial never comes easy. However, life presents no higher
calling than giving up our agendas for the Lord’s. In Christ’s kingdom, to die is to live. Death
to self represents spiritual victory.
1. Hate family and one’s life: Luke 14:26
2. Count the cost: Luke 14:25-35
3. Deny self: Mark 8:34
4. Carry your cross: Luke 9:23; 14:27
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The Father’s Affirmation – 12:28b-30
The heavens broke forth as the Father’s voice thundered, “I have glorified it [the Father’s name],
and will glorify it again.” Every moment of Jesus’s life brought honor to the Father—from His
virgin birth, to His years of quiet ministry, to His recent moments of praise-filled popularity.
These scenes offered a glimpse of greater glory to come. Jesus glorified the Father through
His life and would now glorify the Father through His death. The Father’s booming declaration
came to benefit those who heard. God knew this crowd would soon wrongfully condemn His
Son to be executed as a criminal. He sought to strengthen the faith of those who believed while
at the same moment affirming His Son.
The Purpose of the Cross – 12:31-36

God’s Triumph through Jesus’s Death – 12:31-33
The full expression of God’s glory awaited Jesus’s suffering on the cross. Jesus stated, “Now
is the time for judgment on this world; now the prince of this world will be driven out.” Jesus’s
cross represents God’s judgment on humanity because of sin. Bearing the cross, Jesus took
upon Himself the punishment for all who would believe in Him. At the cross, the “prince of this
world,” Satan, lost his power over all who place their faith in Jesus. As a result, Jesus explained,
“And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” Jesus would be lifted
up physically on the cross but also lifted high—exalted to God’s right hand.10 Jesus explained
the way of salvation He offered; He did not mean every human being would eventually come
to Him. Jesus’s sacrifice on the cross made salvation possible not only for the Jews but for
people from all nations, languages, cultures, and levels of society.
God’s Time for Jesus’s Death – 12:34-36

Jesus’s comments regarding His death confused the crowd. A sacrificial death did not at
all match their hopes for their Messiah. Knowing His death was imminent, Jesus urgently
exhorted the crowd to respond to Him in faith. Jesus again pictured Himself as light shining
into the darkness of the world. Jesus called them to “believe in the light while you have the
light, so that you may become children of light.” The window of opportunity to trust Jesus while
He remained physically present was closing. After He spoke, Jesus hid from the crowds.
The Faithlessness of Men – John 12:37-50
The Blindness of Unbelief – 12:37-41

People who witnessed signs that proved Jesus’s deity refused to believe. Why did most of God’s
chosen people reject their Savior? John offers a brief explanation regarding the mystery of the
general unbelief within the Jewish leadership and nation. In grace and mercy, God chose Israel
as the nation to receive His revelation. From Israel, God would bring forth the promised Messiah.11
10. Lifted up: John 3:14-15

11. Chosen people: Deuteronomy 7:7-9; Isaiah 44:1; Romans 9:3-5

God entrusted Israel to represent Him and His truth to the world. The apostle Paul deals with the
mystery of Israel’s present rejection and future reception of Christ in Romans 9–11.
The people’s unbelief fulfilled God’s prophecy regarding the Messiah. Isaiah 53:1 says, “Who
has believed our message and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” After Isaiah’s
stunning revelation of God’s glory,12 God commissioned him to speak to the people. However,
God also warned Isaiah that the people would hear but not understand. They would see but not
perceive. “Make the heart of this people calloused; make their ears dull and close their eyes.”13
God said that those who refused to hear and follow Him would be blinded. God blinds eyes
that refuse to see His truth. All who continually resisted would be hardened so they could not
believe. This strong warning speaks to those today who continue toward indifference to Jesus
or remain paralyzed in unbelief. Rejecting opportunities to believe in Christ for salvation may
mean losing those opportunities forever.
The Call to Saving Faith – 12:42-50

The Fear of Man – 12:42-43
Jesus claimed God's authority and power. His miracles demonstrated His divine authority.
Despite the intensity of the leaders’ opposition to Jesus, many people still believed in Him.
However, they did not openly acknowledge their faith because they feared being expelled
from the synagogue. John’s assessment expresses a dire reality: “They loved human praise
more than praise from God.” What makes human approval so important to us? Why does the
temporary safety of human acceptance often matter more than God's ultimate approval? This
internal battle remains an ongoing challenge for everyone who lives in our fallen world.
The Invitation of Christ – 12:44-50

John had recalled the prophet Isaiah’s challenging warning about the hardness of human
hearts and recorded a sad account of people who limited their obedience to Christ within
comfortable bounds. With hard realities clearly stated, this chapter ends with Jesus’s
passionate appeal for people to come to saving faith.
Jesus confirmed that believing in Him means looking to His Father who sent Him. Jesus came
to shine light into the darkness by calling people to salvation. The words Jesus spoke will one
day condemn all who reject who He is and what He said. Jesus longs to save people from sin.
Jesus’s first coming was not to bring condemnation and judgment. Even so, to refuse Jesus’s
gracious invitation means facing the consequences of unbelief.
Jesus deliberately set His course toward the cross to die a willing, sacrificial death to bring
salvation for sinners. He consistently offered an invitation to belief and warned about the
consequences of unbelief. Jesus’s path of obedience to His Father would bring Him suffering
but also greater glory. Those who follow Jesus value God’s priorities over their own. Jesus calls
His followers to die to themselves. Nothing this world offers compares to the eternal benefit of
seeking God and following Jesus.
12. God’s glory revealed: Isaiah 6:1-8

13. Calloused people: Isaiah 6:10a
232 | Lesson 16
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus’s last week on earth unfolded God’s plan and Jesus’s mission to redeem humanity.
Mary anointed her friend Jesus with expensive perfume on His way to Jerusalem and the
cross. Judas criticized Mary’s lavish display. Jesus defended Mary and received her sacrifice
as preparation for His burial. Jesus then entered Jerusalem, greeted by an exuberant crowd
waving palm branches. They declared Him the “king of Israel,” but neither Jesus’s disciples nor
the crowd understood fully who He was or what He came to accomplish.
Jesus predicted His death and explained that He would be glorified by dying. As a kernel of
wheat dies to bear fruit, Jesus would die and calls His followers to do the same. Jesus faced a
grueling, sacrificial death, yet He declared that He had come to earth for that very purpose. The
Father’s voice boomed from heaven to declare Jesus’s glory to the confused crowd. Despite
everything Jesus had said and done, most of the people refused to believe in Him. This fulfilled
Isaiah’s prophecy that God would blind the eyes of those who refused to see. Even as unbelief
escalated, Jesus continued to call sinners to walk in the light, believe in Him, and experience
eternal life.
Apply It
Mary gave her most valued possession as a loving act of worship for her Savior. The fragrance
of her offering filled the room and still blesses us today. Jesus defended Mary’s worship
against the criticism of others. What does true worship look like? Often, we equate worship
with our emotional response to moving music or a recitation of poetic thoughts. True worship
incorporates so much more. We worship Jesus as we forsake our agendas and joyfully
surrender to His. We acknowledge God’s worthiness, not just with words, but with our lives,
thoughts, attitudes, and actions. Worship cannot be contained to a time, space, or experience.
Heartfelt, authentic worship never remains private. The posture of a worshiping heart impacts
others. How would you describe your worship? Could it be described as costly? What do you
pour out or give up because Jesus is worth it? As Mary’s perfume permeated the air, so true
worship spreads the aroma of Christ and blesses others.
Dying to self does not sound fun. In the physical and spiritual realm, death involves pain. Giving
up your own expectations, rights, and agenda does not come easy. Why do we naturally tend
to resent difficult circumstances? Why do we complain about serving others or obeying God?
Speaking about Jesus and the gospel may invite ridicule and lead to rejection. Living according
to God’s Word while loving others sacrificially often brings misunderstanding or criticism.
Jesus’s followers should expect to be treated like He was. People so rejected God’s own Son
that they killed Him. Jesus willingly embraced the cross to bring life and hope to a dying world.
How willing are you to die to anything that keeps you from living fully for Christ? In what way is
God calling you to swim upstream in a world that values personal preferences, autonomy, and
self-expression? Anything you give up or deny for the sake of Jesus is not a loss but a win
bearing fruit for eternity. Jesus is worth it.

Are you holding back from complete commitment to the Lord Jesus? In what way do you try
to fit into the world’s mold but still follow Jesus? We foolishly compromise when we sacrifice
something eternal to grasp something temporal. Anything that offers hope apart from the Lord
only brings eventual disappointment and emptiness. Surrender to God brings His children
true fulfillment in life, regardless of their circumstances. To walk with Jesus is to walk in the
light. When you look back over the last 10 years and your choices, what matters most? How
will you set the course for your future days with commitment to Christ that impacts your daily
decisions, your sense of purpose, and your eternal focus? For the believer, “to live is Christ and
to die is gain.”14
14. The believer’s gain: Philippians 1:21
JOHN: LESSON 17
Jesus Washes LESSON
His Disciples’ Feet SCRIPTURE

JOHN 13:1-30
Lesson Questions
1. What truth from the lecture challenged you or helped you better understand Jesus’s heart
for His people?
2. How did the notes bring clarity about your own struggle with self or call you to worship
the Lord?

Jesus expressed love for His disciples by washing their feet.
3. What does this passage say Jesus knew at this moment?
Lesson 17 | 235
4. a. Describe Jesus’s love for His own.
b. What stands out to you most vividly about the way Jesus displayed His love to the
disciples?
5. What is the significance of what “Jesus knew” in verse 1 and its connection to the Passover
Festival? (See also Exodus 12 and John 1:29.)

Jesus responded to Peter’s protests with a lesson about spiritual cleansing and serving others.
6. a. Jesus told Peter, “Those who have had a bath need only to wash their feet; their whole
body is clean.” What did He mean? (See also Titus 3:4-6 and 1 John 1:8-9.)
b. Who in this passage was clean and who was not clean, and why? Which describes you?
Why?
7. Why is Jesus’s act of washing the disciples’ feet so surprising? (See also Philippians 2:1-10.)
8. a. What do you learn about humility and service in these passages?
236 | Lesson 17
b. How is God calling you to humbly serve others?
c. What blessings have you experienced through serving others?

Jesus announced His betrayal to His disciples.
9. a. How did Judas’s betrayal fulfill Scripture? (See also Psalm 41:9.)
b. What encouragement do you find or what lessons might you learn from this?
10. a. How might you explain Judas’s decision to betray Jesus despite witnessing Jesus’s
powerful public ministry?
b. Define “betrayal” in your own words. Why is betrayal a particularly painful offense?
11. What was the benefit of Jesus’s warning to His disciples about His betrayal?
12. Why was Jesus troubled in spirit?

Jesus released Judas to quickly carry out his betrayal.
13. a. From verses 27 and 30, describe the state of Judas’s heart and the time of day this
event occurred.
b. What warning or guidance do you receive from this?
14. What do you learn about Jesus from the way He interacted with Judas even while knowing
his betrayal was certain?

Jesus calls His followers to selfless servanthood.
15. How have Jesus’s words and actions recorded in John 13:1-30 fortified your appreciation
of or confidence in Jesus as your Lord and Savior?
16. What did you learn in this passage about Jesus’s humility and His desires for His people?
What will you put into practice?
John 13:1-30

238 | Lesson 17
Lecture Notes

Lesson 17 Notes
John 13:1-30
Focus Verse
“Now that I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one
another’s feet.” (John 13:14)
Outline
● Jesus the Servant – John 13:1-17
● Judas the Betrayer – John 13:18-30
Engage
How do you show love to others? A card, phone call, visit, act of kindness, hearty meal,
or warm embrace can convey care and concern. Genuine love and devotion demand
expression. We find practical ways to demonstrate devotion to the people we love. The
way we receive and show love matters, but the genuineness or value of our expression
cannot be judged by the way people respond to us.
Jesus expressed His love for people in a myriad of ways. He left heaven’s glory to enter the
world He created.1 He walked on earth, healing and teaching while providing His comforting
presence and care. Ultimately, Jesus’s love was most clearly demonstrated by His willing
death for the sinners He came to save. He set an example for those who follow Him.
Jesus calls His followers to selfless servanthood. People reflect Jesus’s character as they
sacrificially and humbly serve others.
1. Jesus and creation: John 1:3, 10; 1 Corinthians 8:6; Colossians 1:16; Hebrews 1:2
Jesus the Servant – John 13:1-17

John 13 opens the third division of John’s Gospel. After the prologue (John 1:1-18), the second
and longest division (John 1:19–12:50) introduces Jesus to the world. The third section (John
13–17), also known as the Upper Room Discourse, details Jesus’s last days with His closest
disciples. We will cover this final section in three parts, over six lessons:
● John 13:1-30 (Lesson 17): Jesus washed the disciples’ feet, and Judas betrayed Jesus.
● John 13:31–16:33 (Lessons 18-21): Jesus explained His impending death and the
coming Holy Spirit to the remaining 11 disciples.
● John 17 (Lesson 22): Jesus prayed for His people.
240 | Lesson 17
What Jesus Knew – 13:1-3
Jesus Knew His Death Was Near – 13:1a
Jesus knew His time had come. He fully understood what His followers did not. His recent
experiences set the course for the soon-coming “hour” of His death. Mary anointed Jesus1
before He entered Jerusalem triumphantly on a young donkey.2 The looming days held tortuous
agony and heartbreak. However, God the Son would accomplish His mission of love and be
reunited with God the Father in glory.3 The promise of glory resonated beyond His foreordained
suffering. But first, Jesus shared a Passover meal in Jerusalem with His disciples.
Jesus Knew He Loved His Own – 13:1b

“Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.” The abundance of
Jesus’s love for His children moved Him to action. Jesus demonstrated sacrificial love for
His disciples as He prepared to display the full extent of His profound love for sinners. At
Passover, Jesus would die on the cross as the sacrificial Lamb of God. His blood would wash
away the sins of all His people.4 Jesus’s death for sinful humanity testifies to a love that cannot
be measured. Romans 5:8 says, “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we
were still sinners, Christ died for us.”
Jesus Knew His Enemy Was at Work – 13:2

The evening meal that allowed Jesus’s intimate fellowship with His disciples also served as
the tipping point for Satan’s servant, Judas. Jesus knew Judas’s heart and his role in moving
forward God’s plan for Jesus’s death. However, Judas’s betrayal represented his own decision
to ignore Jesus’s loving invitations to faith. Judas’s situation illustrates the choice extended to
all people. We can either love, obey, and worship Jesus or follow Satan’s prompting to serve
self and reject the Lord.
Jesus Knew His Divine Origin and Authority – 13:3

God’s Son stood firm, grounded by unshakable truth. Jesus revealed His deity as He prepared
for His journey to the cross and beyond. He knew that His Father had “put all things under his
power.” Jesus had divine authority.5 Jesus also knew His divine origin in eternity past and His
heavenly destination for eternity future. The Son of God has always existed with God.6 After His
mission on earth, Jesus would reunite with His Father7 in radiant glory in the heavenly realms.8
Until then, the timing and circumstances leading to the cross and Jesus’s glorification rested
within God’s sovereignty.
1. Mary’s anointing: John 12:3

2. Jesus’s entry into Jerusalem: John 12:12-15
3. Jesus’s glorification: John 12:23
4. Blood of the Lamb: John 1:29; 19:34; 1 Peter 1:2, 18-19
5. Jesus’s authority: Matthew 28:18; John 5:26-27; 10:18
6. Jesus in the beginning: John 1:1-5
7. Reunited: John 16:28
8. Radiance of glory: Hebrews 1:3

What Jesus Did – 13:4-5
Though worthy of worship as God, Jesus humbled Himself as a servant. Taking off His outer
clothing, Jesus took on a task typically reserved for a lowly servant or a slave. The One to
whom every knee will bow chose to humbly bow and serve those He came to save.
Washing the day’s dust off the feet was a common task at the end of each day. This menial
job was assigned to slaves and certainly was considered too demeaning for a rabbi, much less
God’s Son. Imagine the disciples’ surprise when Jesus removed His outer clothing, wrapped
Himself in a towel, filled a basin with water, and began to wash their dirty feet. Jesus’s physical
act of unexpected service set the stage for a lesson about spiritual cleansing and self-sacrifice.
In an unexpected outpouring of sacrificial love, Jesus gave His disciples a tangible model of
true greatness.
What Jesus Taught – 13:6-17

Through Peter’s Protest – 13:6-9
Peter expressed shock that the others likely felt as their Lord performed this lowly task.
Often the quickest to speak, Peter responded, “Lord, are you going to wash my feet?” Jesus
knew impetuous Peter did not understand. He used this opportunity to teach all His disciples
and demonstrate the depth of His love for them. The symbolism behind Jesus’s act of humble
service and infinite love would make sense after the cross. Jesus, the King of Heaven, took on
the form of a servant to pour out His blood and wash away sins.9
Peter adamantly refused His Lord’s cleansing: “You shall never wash my feet.” Jesus quickly
set Peter straight. He replied, “Unless I wash you, you have no part with me.” Jesus’s words
pierced Peter’s resistance. Like a pendulum, Peter swung from outright refusal to exuberant
compliance. Peter wanted all of Jesus—to be with Him, to learn from Him, to represent Him.
“Lord," he replied, "not just my feet but my hands and my head as well!”
Through a Call to Serve One Another – 13:10-17

Jesus seized an opportunity to teach important spiritual lessons. First, the washing of the
disciples’ feet demonstrated spiritual cleansing only Jesus could accomplish. Second, He
offered practical teaching about how His followers should serve one another.
Clarity about Spiritual Cleansing – 13:10-11

Jesus answered Peter, “Those who have had a bath need only to wash their feet; their whole
body is clean. And you are clean, though not every one of you.” Through faith in their Lord and
Savior, the believing disciples had been declared spiritually clean—justified by God through
faith in Christ. Jesus acknowledged that not everyone in the room was “clean.” The use of the
word “clean” reflects Jewish tradition that only cleansed vessels could be in proximity to God.
This cleansing was accomplished through ceremonial washing and sacrifices within the Jewish
system of worship. Here, Jesus applied the concept of spiritual cleansing to human hearts.
Jesus knew that Judas soon would betray Him, though His disciples did not realize this yet.
9. Jesus, the servant: Philippians 2:6-8
242 | Lesson 17
Our Refinement and Growth as Christians
The Doctrine of Sanctification
Through faith in Christ, believers are justified, or declared righteous before God, which
sets them on a journey to walk with God. However, God’s people do not have to figure
out how to live for God on their own. God’s Holy Spirit securely seals believers as God’s
children, lives within them, and illuminates Scripture so they can understand God’s truth.
Fellow believers are unified because the same Spirit also lives within them. The Holy
Spirit embeds a divine desire and power within believers to resist sin, obey God, and
increasingly grow to be like Jesus.
Sanctification is the process by which the Holy Spirit sets the believer apart to live for God
rather than sin and self. This progressive and ongoing growth in holiness offers evidence
of the transformative new life God plants within His children.1 The Holy Spirit’s sanctifying
power draws a believer to pray, feed on God’s Word, and thrive through fellowship with other
believers. Serving God and others becomes not a duty but a delight. Seeking God and His
glory permeates every aspect of life.2
The inevitable ups and downs in a believer’s life seem random without understanding God’s
gracious process of sanctification. Without recognizing God’s purposeful commitment
to our spiritual growth, suffering appears only painful. The joys of life seem like brief,
unplanned moments rather than God’s gracious gifts to express His faithfulness. The Holy
Spirit helps believers realize God’s purposefulness to orchestrate their lives and prepare
them for heaven.
The process of sanctification can be painful but is always profitable for the believer. When
we recognize God’s tender cultivation for our greater good, we cannot take credit for any
blessings or spiritual growth we experience. A growing believer welcomes the Holy Spirit’s
conviction of sin and empowerment to obey. God not only made a way for His children
to enter heaven but sent His own Spirit to transform their hearts as they walk on earth.
Sanctification ushers God’s presence and power into believers’ lives to bring hope, help,
and holiness.
1. Growing in Christ: Romans 6; 8:1-17; 12:1-2
2. Seeking God’s glory: 1 Corinthians 10:31; Galatians 5:16-26; Ephesians 5:8; Colossians 3:1-17
Jesus taught about two kinds of spiritual cleansing. The initial cleansing from sin’s debt and
guilt comes when someone puts their faith in Christ’s atoning sacrifice. Coming to Christ for
salvation delivers a one-time, permanent cleansing from the penalty and weight of sin. This
is called justification. Believers receive a “bath” that renders their entire bodies clean. Those
cleansed by Christ’s sacrifice on their behalf do not require repeated justification. In God’s sight,
believers are pronounced righteous based on Christ’s perfection, not their own.

Though saved by grace, God’s people walk in a fallen world and continue to struggle with
personal sin. Therefore, Jesus went on to explain that those who have been spiritually cleansed
“need only to wash their feet.” Believers thrive spiritually and are sanctified by regularly
acknowledging and confessing their sins. This is the second type of spiritual cleansing.
Unconfessed sin does not threaten a believer’s salvation but does hinder the sweetness of their
fellowship with the Lord.
A Call to Serve One Another – 13:12-17

After Jesus’s practical demonstration of spiritual truth, He called His disciples to follow His
example. Jesus knew who He was. His disciples rightfully called Him “Teacher” and “Lord.”
Despite His exalted status, Jesus willingly took on a servant’s role on their behalf.
Jesus’s act of selfless service accomplished more than washing road-weary feet or even
teaching about believers’ spiritual cleansing. Jesus demonstrated the other-oriented posture
appropriate for His children. Jesus said, “I have set you an example that you should do as I
have done for you.” To stress the importance of His teaching, He continued, “Very truly I tell you,
no servant is greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him.”
God’s own Son left heaven’s glory to take on human flesh and die a criminal’s death. He would
soon return to the glorious position at His Father’s right hand that He rightfully deserved.10 The
highly exalted Christ willingly laid aside glory to serve others. Jesus bore the shame and guilt
of sin He had not committed to give sinners righteousness they do not deserve. Believers in
possession of such glorious riches should never consider themselves above anyone else.
Jesus faced the pain of the cross by standing unwaveringly on what He knew. He did what He
did because He knew what He knew. Similarly, Jesus promises blessings to those who act
10. God’s throne: Hebrews 1:3
How to Wash the Feet of Others

As Jesus commanded, “Now that I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also
should wash one another’s feet.” What does that look like in real life today? Here are some
Scripture passages that help guide us to follow Jesus’s words and example:
● Show genuine love for others in practical ways (1 John 3:16-18).
● Defer to one another in humility (Philippians 2:3-7).
● Forgive one another (Ephesians 4:32).
● Strengthen one another to overcome sin and bear one another’s burdens
(Galatians 6:1-3).
● Consider the needs of others and do what leads to peace and mutual edification
(Romans 14:15-21).
● Pray for one another (James 5:13-14).
● Encourage one another to live for Christ (Hebrews 10:23-25).
244 | Lesson 17
upon what they know. Verse 17 offers a promise and a challenge to Jesus’s followers: “Now
that you know these things, you will be blessed if you do them.” Blessings come to those who
put what they know into action. Jesus served others selflessly and so should His children.
Judas the Betrayer – John 13:18-30

Jesus washed the feet of His disciples with a traitor in their midst. Jesus perfectly discerns
every human heart. He knew the truth about Judas, even as He humbly washed Judas’s
dirty feet. Jesus’s act of unexpected kindness and humility launched Judas forward into
outright betrayal.11
The Betrayer is Foretold – 13:18-20

Jesus stated that He knew “those I have chosen.” He chose His disciples, including Judas,
knowing what Judas would do.12 Judas’s treachery revealed the evil that captured his heart
and his willing choice to betray Jesus. However, his betrayal also fulfilled prophecy.13
Jesus foretold Judas’s betrayal to prepare His disciples for what was coming. Choosing Judas
as an original disciple was not a mistake. Judas held no power over Jesus. God allowed Judas
the choice to betray Jesus. Jesus knew Judas’s heart. For three years, Jesus watched the
steady development of cunning greed and unbelief in Judas, yet continued to show him mercy.
Jesus’s forewarning would strengthen the disciples’ faith when the betrayal became a reality.
Before He revealed what would happen, Jesus encouraged the disciples with His Father’s
purpose for their ministry: “Very truly I tell you, whoever accepts anyone I send accepts me; and
whoever accepts me accepts the one who sent me.” Jesus would send them out and uphold
them as His representatives, despite flagrant opposition.
The Betrayer Is Announced – 13:21-26

The Troubling Truth – 13:21
Becoming “troubled in spirit,” Jesus said, “Very truly I tell you, one of you is going to betray
me.” Jesus’s path to and through the cross brought multiple layers of personal agony. He would
carry the full weight of humanity’s sin. He would witness the heartbreak of His mother and
disciples. He would endure physical trauma and temporary separation from His Father. Jesus’s
gentle gesture of hospitality toward His betrayer set in motion a painful but necessary course
that deeply troubled Jesus’s grieving heart.
The Horrified Reaction – 13:22

The shocked and speechless disciples stared at one another in disbelief. For over three
years, all 12 followed Jesus’s footsteps. They witnessed His miracles; listened intently to His
teaching; and saw Him boldly confront the religious authorities, lovingly heal and comfort, and
11. Judas’s betrayal: Matthew 26:47-50

12. Judas’s betrayal known: John 13:11
13. Betrayal prophesied: Psalm 41:9; Matthew 26:24

even resurrect a dead friend. They could not imagine that one among them would even think of
turning his back on their beloved Lord.
This announcement shocked the disciples and troubled Jesus but did not surprise Him.
Jesus knew Judas completely. He understood Judas’s mind, his brokenness, his inner
desires, and his disappointments. Jesus could read his expressions and perceive his thoughts
perfectly. Judas had witnessed the powerful public ministry of Jesus yet was not satisfied. He
succumbed to his own rebellious nature. He also gave in to the devil’s influence. Jesus knew
what was going on within Judas when He washed Judas’s feet, spoke gently to him, and broke
bread with him.
The Desire for an Answer – 13:23-25

How could the other disciples not have suspected Judas while seething betrayal fermented
within his heart? Judas hid his inner turmoil and hypocrisy well as he lived alongside the other
11 disciples. None of the others recognized Judas’s emerging feelings and plans.14 They
considered him one of the faithful.
As the disciples reclined around the table, “one of them, the disciple whom Jesus loved, was
reclining next to him.” This apparently was John, the writer of the Gospel. Peter motioned to
him to ask Jesus to identify the betrayer. John leaned back against Jesus and whispered his
question: “Lord, who is it?”
The Gesture of Grace – 13:26

Jesus answered, “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped
it in the dish.” During the Passover meal, the father of the family customarily gave the
honored guests pieces of bread or meat dipped in a juice made from fruit boiled in wine. This
symbolized the fruits of the promised land. Jesus gave this choice morsel to Judas. Despite
Judas’s heart-wrenching betrayal, Jesus loved Judas and showed His love through action.
Jesus’s gesture of honor, love, and grace presented Judas a final opportunity to surrender his
sinful, scheming heart to Jesus. If Judas had true faith and love like Peter, his heart would have
been melted by Jesus’s grace. Instead, Judas yielded to Satan’s power.15
Nevertheless, God’s sovereign plan continued to unfold. Satan’s boldest moves to crush God’s
purposes and kill His Son did not prevail. God, not Satan, orchestrated the events of the next
day. Jesus would be accused, brutalized, and cruelly killed. He would suffer God’s judgment
for His people’s sins yet reign supreme and defeat Satan forever.16 God’s plans, not Satan’s
schemes, had the final word. Sin and betrayal cannot defeat God’s eternal purpose and
gracious power.
The Betrayer is Released – 13:27-30

Satan entered Judas as Judas made his choice of darkness over light. Jesus’s divine
knowledge and submission to His Father’s will remained evident. He quietly told His betrayer,
14. Judas: John 12:4-6

15. Yielding to Satan: John 6:70-71; 12:4-6; 13:27; James 4:7
16. Satan’s defeat: Genesis 3:15; Hebrews 2:9, 14-15
246 | Lesson 17
“What you are about to do, do quickly.” Jesus’s other disciples remained perplexed and
dismayed, as they interpreted Judas’s departure as an errand to get more food for the feast or
to aid the poor.
Judas left as soon as he took the bread from Jesus. Verse 30 offers a simple yet profound
conclusion—“and it was night.” Darkness consumed the night sky and Judas’s heart. Even while
in the physical presence of the Light of the World, Judas rejected heaven’s light and chose
darkness. According to John, “This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved
darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light.”17
Judas’s departure set in motion the chain of events that led to Jesus’s death. But for a little time
longer, Jesus would share His words of truth and life with those who remained devoted to Him.
The extreme contrast between Jesus’s example of humble submission to His Father alongside
Judas’s self-centered betrayal stands as a bold example and strong warning. Judas sought his
own course, rejected God’s light, and chose Satan’s darkness. Jesus laid down His life for the
good of others. Jesus calls His followers to selfless servanthood. There is no higher calling.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus surprised His disciples when He humbly took the posture of a lowly servant. Day after
day, Jesus revealed and declared Himself as God’s Son—the Promised Messiah, Sovereign
Lord, and Savior of the world. And yet one by one, Jesus cleaned the grit and grime off the feet
of His 12 disciples. The King of Heaven, who deserved the place of highest honor, selflessly
served others. Through His humble example, Jesus taught His disciples about spiritual
cleansing and called them to gently serve others.
Jesus shocked His disciples even more by declaring that one of His 12 closest followers would
betray Him. None of the disciples suspected Judas, who effectively hid Satan’s grip on his
ever-darkening heart. Jesus continued to extend grace to Judas, even as Judas willingly
stepped out of the light into the night of spiritual darkness. Judas chose to betray Jesus, but
his evil actions accomplished God’s plan to offer His own Son as an atoning sacrifice for
humanity’s sin. Jesus willingly walked the path to the cross, offering Himself as the ultimate
gift of God’s love to His people.
Apply It
The corrupting damage of the Fall left all of us naturally wired to seek our own way. Serving
others does not come naturally. Sometimes people with gifts of leadership, high-ranking
positions, unusual intellect, executive ability, or unique talent feel too important to do menial
tasks. Jesus, however, shows us what true leadership looks like. If God’s Son willingly took the
lowly position of a servant, why should we feel we have the right to be served rather than to
serve? In a world that prioritizes power, prestige, and renown, Jesus gives this God-ordained
17. Hatred of light: John 3:19-20a

example of humble leadership through loving service. Is there an act of service to which you
have been invited where pride has prevented you from saying “yes”? What task, service, or calling
do you feel is beneath you? How is Jesus leading you through His example? Jesus does not
ask anything of us that He has not done for us. He has shown us how to love, serve, and obey.
Jesus’s physical washing of the disciples’ dirty feet teaches us practical

Believers are lessons about serving others and spiritual lessons about cleansing from sin.
declared righteous Anyone who believes in Jesus as Savior remains forever clean “through the
by God, clothed washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.”18 Believers are declared
in Christ, and righteous by God, clothed in Christ, and accepted by Him.19 Are you covered
accepted by Him. by the blood of Jesus Christ—eternally secure in His presence as His precious
possession? If so, how might God be calling you to sacrificially serve Him?
The Holy Spirit reveals attitudes and habits of speech and behavior that violate God’s perfect
standards. Aware of God’s grace and forgiveness, believers regularly confess specific sin and
experience the assurance of God’s cleansing and forgiveness. How willing are you to ask the
Holy Spirit to reveal habits and behaviors that do not glorify God? “If we claim to be without sin,
we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just
and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness.”20 Do you recognize God’s
ongoing work in your life to help you grow to be more like Jesus? From what sins do you need
to repent and experience the freedom only Jesus can give? How will you incorporate the habit
of intentional confession in your daily walk with the Lord?
Jesus’s attitudes, words, and actions constantly surprised His disciples. He humbly submitted
to a cruel death rather than exerting Himself to rule the world. The most humbling task, neediest
sinner, and hypocritical traitor warranted His intentional attention. How could we ever doubt that
Jesus loves us supremely? To recognize the breadth, width, and depth of Jesus’s love leaves
us humbled and grateful. Jesus loves and leads in unexpected ways that reveal His heart. His
example instructs us, and His love surrounds us. Paul wrote, “And I pray that you, being rooted
and established in love, may have power, together with all the Lord’s holy people, to grasp how
wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses
knowledge—that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God.”21
18. Washing of rebirth: Titus 3:4-7

19. Declared righteous: Romans 3:25-26; 5:1-2, 6-11; Galatians 3:27
20. Confess our sins: 1 John 1:8-9
21. Love that surpasses knowledge: Ephesians 3:17b-19
JOHN: LESSON 18
Jesus Announces His

LESSON
SCRIPTURE
Departure and Return

JOHN
13:31–14:14
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes challenge or encourage you to humbly serve others like Jesus did?
2. What truth from the lecture impacted you this past week regarding Jesus’s sacrificial love
for all sinners?

Jesus announced His departure.
3. a. Identify four statements in verses 31 and 32 about how the Father and Son will be glorified.
Lesson 18 | 249
b. God’s glory is revealed when His character is displayed. Explain what Jesus meant when
He said He would be glorified. (See also Daniel 7:13-14 and Hebrews 12:2.)
c. How does Jesus’s glory differ from the world’s definition of glory?
4. Why do you think Jesus called His disciples “my children,” and how might His words have
impacted them?
5. a. What is new about the command Jesus gave to His disciples? Why is this important for
believers to understand? (See also Leviticus 19:18.)
b. In what situations or relationships will you ask Jesus to help you put this command
into practice?

Jesus predicted Peter’s denial.
6. What questions did Peter ask Jesus, and what claim did Peter make? Why might he have
reacted this way?
7. a. When Jesus replied to Peter, what promise did He give and what warning did He present?
250 | Lesson 18
b. How might Peter and the remaining disciples have felt upon hearing Jesus’s words in
verse 38?
8. What is your response when you realize that Jesus fully knows you and your future?

Jesus comforted His disciples as He prepared them for His death and departure.
9. What words of comfort did Jesus speak to His troubled disciples?
10. How might Jesus’s promise of His return have comforted the Eleven?
11. What promises regarding Jesus’s second coming give you hope, and why? (See also
1 Thessalonians 4:13-17; Revelation 1:7; and any other Scriptures you find helpful.)
12. In what ways do we seek this world’s false comfort that cannot fully satisfy the real
longings of our heart? Why must true comfort be based on truth?

Jesus answered questions from Thomas and Philip.
13. a. What question did Thomas ask Jesus?

b. Why do you think Thomas asked this question?
c. How did Jesus respond? What did He say and what did He mean?
14. What did Philip request, and how did Jesus answer him?
15. a What undeniable truths had Jesus provided to His disciples revealing that He is one with
the Father?
b. What “works” is Jesus referring to and how might the phrase “because I am going to the
Father” help us understand Jesus’s statement in verse 12? (See also Matthew 28:18-20.)
16. What questions do you have for Jesus? How do Jesus’s interactions with Thomas and
Philip challenge or encourage you?
Sixth Day: Review John 13:31–14:14.

Jesus’s words of truth speak comfort to troubled hearts.
17. What words of Jesus from this passage brought comfort to your heart in your current troubles?
John 13:31–14:14

252 | Lesson 18
Lecture Notes

Lesson 18 Notes
John 13:31–14:14
Focus Verse
“Jesus answered, ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father
except through me.’” (John 14:6)
Outline
● Jesus Prepares His Beloved Disciples – John 13:31-38
● Jesus Comforts His Troubled Disciples – John 14:1-14
Engage
Unexpected, shattering news catches us off guard. We often imagine how life might play
out but experience shock and distress when the reality we face does not match the future
we envisioned. Where can we turn when life’s disappointments overwhelm us? We long
for solutions and seek advice. We pray, usually asking God to remove our pain or possibly
to give us the strength to endure it. We seek solace in the company of family and friends
who compassionately share our sorrow. Overcome by a multitude of emotions, we can
feel crippled physically, mentally, and even spiritually. Perhaps most of all, we long for our
troubled hearts to find comfort.
Jesus’s disciples became deeply distressed when Jesus told them He would leave soon.
He was going to a place where they could not follow. With desperate hearts weighing heavy
with despair, the disciples looked to Jesus for reassurance. Jesus recognized the radiating
shock waves that came with His announcement. He lovingly prepared His beloved friends
for His imminent death and their coming sorrow. Jesus’s words of comfort offered far
more than a reassuring hug or quick solution. Jesus promised His glorious return and their
bright eternal future. Most beautifully, Jesus tenderly answered His disciples’ questions
with words of consolation and truth. As people who regularly experience fear, loss, and
uncertainty, the promises Jesus offered speak to us today. Jesus’s words of truth speak
comfort to troubled hearts.
Jesus Prepares His Beloved Disciples – John 13:31-38

In a display of extravagant love and humble service, Jesus washed the feet of His disciples.1
Judas received Jesus’s expression of love but chose to slip into the darkness and betray Jesus.
Remaining with His faithful disciples, Jesus initiated an intimate conversation designed to
1. Washing feet: John 13:1-11
254 | Lesson 18
prepare them for the future and build their faith. He spoke important truths as He further
revealed Himself and provided needed comfort.
Jesus Announces His Departure – 13:31-35

Jesus began by revealing His glory to His disciples and giving them a new command. His
disciples needed to understand that Jesus gave His life willingly, out of love for His Father
and all of humankind. Jesus would die at the hands of evil men, but that did not end the story.
Jesus would offer Himself as God’s loving sacrifice for sinful people. In fact, the cross would
bring Jesus’s greatest glory.
The Glory of the Cross – 13:31-32

God the Father sent Jesus, His Son, to display the glory of the Trinity—God the Father, God
the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. What do we mean when we speak of God’s glory? Most
simply, God’s glory refers to His intrinsic worth and infinite beauty being made manifest or put
on display. How is God glorified? God is glorified when the wonder of His eternal character
is revealed so people can begin to grasp, at least in part, who He is and what He does. Jesus
explained His glory in four profound statements that weave together His deity with His
humanity. The Father and Son would be glorified when Jesus died on the cross.
● “Now the Son of Man is glorified.” The term “Son of Man” refers to Jesus’s humanity
while anticipating His future return in glory.2
● “God is glorified in him.” Jesus would bring eternal glory to the Father through His
triumph on the cross over Satan, sin, and death.3
● “God will glorify the Son in himself.” Preexistent before the beginning,4 Jesus held glory
as the Son of God. The future tense of this statement points to Jesus’s imminent return
to heaven, glorified as both Son of God and Son of Man.
● God “will glorify him at once.” Through Jesus’s looming death on the cross, bodily
resurrection, and ascension into heaven, God would glorify His Son for all eternity.5
The Necessity of Jesus’s Departure – 13:33

Jesus knew the sorrow and darkness facing His beloved disciples as He tenderly called them “my
children.” This endearing term, which can also be translated “little children,” expressed Jesus’s
deeply abiding love and concern for them. Jesus delivered news that felt devastating to His
beloved disciples—He would be with them for just a little while longer. He would go where they
could not follow for now.
The disciples had left all they previously held dear to follow Jesus. For three years, they
followed Jesus and shared every moment with Him. They believed in Him. They loved Him.
Surely their despair was great, and grief abounded at Jesus’s words.
2. Son of Man: Daniel 7:13-14; Matthew 26:64

3. Victory over death: 1 Corinthians 15:55-57
4. The Word made flesh: John 1:14
5. Resurrection glory: Hebrews 12:2; 1 Peter 1:11

The New Command for Jesus’s Disciples – 13:34-35
Jesus spoke not only words that caused His disciples pain but also offered words of comfort.
Jesus presented a new command for a new day. He gave the disciples a new task to pursue on
His behalf. They would represent Jesus well by loving one another as Jesus loved them. This
new command to love one another seems very similar to the command Jesus spoke to “love
your neighbor as yourself.”6 However, the Greek word Jesus used for “new” implies a sense of
freshness. Jesus’s new command did not offer a previously unrevealed standard but pointed to
internal transformation by the Holy Spirit and a new way of living under the new covenant.7
Like the aroma of a freshly baked loaf of bread or freshly picked flowers, the disciples’ special
love for one another would exude a beautiful testimony as they loved like Jesus loved. Jesus’s
love is unconditional, immeasurable, sacrificial, and all-encompassing. All people would
know these men as Jesus’s disciples by their extreme and supernaturally motivated love for
one another. Jesus did not stop with these eleven men; this command to love applies to all His
disciples—past, present, and future. The love and unity of believers represents the identifying
hallmark of their relationship with Christ.8 What an amazing testimony to a conflicted world! This
unique God-given love mirrors the way God’s people have themselves experienced Jesus’s love.
Jesus Predicts Peter’s Denial – 13:36-38

Peter’s Question and Jesus’s Answer – 13:36
Peter, always quick to speak, stepped forward. Likely to clarify for himself and the remaining
disciples, Peter asked Jesus where He was going. Jesus lovingly answered Peter with
distressing news followed by a promise. Jesus replied, “Where I am going, you cannot follow
now, but you will follow later.”
Peter’s Bold Declaration and Jesus’s Devastating Prediction – 13:37-38

Jesus’s answer failed to satisfy Peter, who remained insistent, incredulous, and confused.
Peter asked why he could not follow Jesus and boldly asserted his unwavering commitment.
He assured Jesus, “I will lay down my life for you.” Undoubtedly, Peter deeply loved his Lord
Jesus. The thought of separation from Jesus distressed Peter, who utterly overestimated his
spiritual fortitude. His bold assertion did eventually come true, but first Peter would experience
his own frailty.
Imagine Peter’s shock, dismay, and disbelief upon hearing Jesus’s reply. Jesus first responded
by asking Peter a question, “Will you really lay down your life for me?” Jesus continued His reply
with an alarming prediction—before the rooster crowed, Peter would disown Him three times.
Jesus’s prediction most certainly struck Peter to his core and shocked the remaining disciples.
God would accomplish through Peter’s brokenness what his bold confidence could not. Peter's
failure would teach him to depend on God, not on human strength.
6. Greatest command: Mark 12:30-31; Matthew 22:37

7. New covenant: Jeremiah 31:31-34; Ezekiel 36:24-26; Luke 22:20; 1 Corinthians 11:25
8. Believer’s unity: John 17:23; 1 John 4:11-12
256 | Lesson 18
Jesus Comforts His Troubled Disciples – John 14:1-14
Jesus Promises an Eternal Home – 14:1-4

The stunned disciples struggled to process all Jesus told them. News of a betrayer among
them, Jesus’s death and departure, and Peter’s impending denial left them dismayed and
distraught. Jesus’s sensitivity to the disciples’ churning emotions of fear, worry, and
disillusionment led Him to speak comforting words they needed to hear. He offered well-
aimed encouragement about His certain return and their eternal hope.
Jesus’s Prescription for Troubled Hearts – 14:1 How can we stop

Jesus understands troubled hearts. When He spoke of Judas’s betrayal, the waves of
Jesus’s own spirit became troubled.9 Jesus offered His disciples a resolute worry, fear, and
admonition—“Do not let your hearts be troubled.” How can we stop the waves uncertainty that
of worry, fear, and uncertainty that seize and trouble us? Ultimately, the cure seize and trouble
to worry involves a call to faith. Standing firmly upon God’s truth involves a us? Ultimately,
deliberate choice.
the cure to worry
Jesus spoke words to His disciples that ring true for us today: trust God and involves a call to
trust Jesus—“You believe in God; believe also in me.” People who follow and faith. Standing
trust Jesus experience profound peace that defies their circumstances.10 firmly upon God’s
Firm trust in God the Father and Jesus His Son would sustain the disciples truth involves a
through the painful struggles they would face. This remains true for us today. deliberate choice.
We must choose to trust God in every situation we face.
Jesus’s Preparation of a Heavenly Home – 14:2

Jesus clearly revealed His destination as He spoke of His dwelling place in heaven—His
Father’s house. With divine authority, Jesus explained to His disciples that His Father’s house
has many rooms. He was leaving to prepare a place in the Father’s house for them. This
promise Jesus gave to His disciples extends to all who believe. The Father’s house has room
for all who trust in Jesus, God’s Son.
Jesus’s Prediction of His Second Coming – 14:3-4

Jesus had even more future-oriented hope to offer His disciples. He promised, “If I go and prepare
a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am.”
Jesus would leave, but He would one day return for His disciples and take them to be with Him.
Some believe Jesus’s promise points to His atoning sacrifice on the cross or the time between
His resurrection and ascension. Others believe Jesus was speaking of the coming of the Holy
Spirit or a believer’s union with Jesus at death. While these interpretations remain possible,
when Jesus spoke of His glorification, He referred to His death, bodily resurrection, and
ascension into heaven. The context of these verses suggests the promise of Jesus’s second
coming. A time is coming at the end of history when Jesus will return from heaven to gather
9. Jesus’s troubled spirit: John 13:21

10. Permeating peace: Psalm 56:3-4; John 14:27; Philippians 4:6-7

Jesus’s Second Coming
The Doctrine of the Second Coming of Christ
Christ’s second coming emerges as one of the most important New Testament themes. In
fact, many verses in the New Testament relate to Jesus’s second coming. Jesus Christ will
return to earth physically, visibly, and suddenly, in the same way He left at His ascension.1
Scripture gives no time or date for Jesus’s return. Only God the Father knows the exact
timing for this long-anticipated event.2
As the time of His crucifixion drew near, Jesus spoke often of His return to earth.3 Jesus’s
return includes the bodily resurrection of the dead and the judgment of sinners.4 He will
also bring salvation to those who are waiting for Him.5 Jesus will vindicate His people and
bring justice to the seeming victories of evil in a sin-filled world.6 The certain return of
Christ offers hope to believers.
John presents a stark divide between belief and unbelief throughout his Gospel. This
chasm remains equally great today. Most people fail to consider the seriousness and
certainty of Jesus’s return. Life goes on with little thought of accountability to God. Jesus
came to earth so that all who would believe would have eternal life. Those who live life
without recognizing their need for God and redemption will face Jesus as righteous Judge
when He returns.7 Jesus’s urgent commission “to go and make disciples of all nations”
rises from this sobering certainty.8 Who do you know who needs to hear the truth about
Jesus? How might you speak to that person in love about the love of Jesus?
Jesus will bring salvation to all who await His return. All who trust Christ are prepared for
Jesus’s return because they rest confidently in His sacrifice for sin. The Father laid our
sins upon Jesus, the spotless lamb of God, when Jesus went to the cross on our behalf.
Believers cling to the cross and God’s promise that there is no condemnation for those who
are in Christ Jesus.9 Jesus is our steadfast hope and sure reward. How will you thank and
worship Jesus as you long for His return? Believers find deep comfort in the certainty that
Jesus will come and take them to their heavenly home!
1. Ascension and return: Acts 1:11
2. Unknown time for Jesus’s return: Matthew 24:36-42; Luke 12:40
3. Jesus spoke of His return: Matthew 24–25; Mark 13; Luke 19:11-27; 21:6-36
4. Judgment: Acts 17:31; Romans 2:16; Revelation 22:12
5. Bring salvation: Hebrews 9:28
6. Vindication: Romans 12:19-21; Revelation 19:1-2; 20:12; 21:3-4
7. Christ's return to judge: John 5:24-30; 2 Corinthians 5:10; 1 Peter 4:5; Revelation 20:11-15
8. Great Commission: Matthew 28:18-20
9. No condemnation: Romans 8:1
His sheep and usher in His eternal kingdom. Jesus will come for His people, never to be
separated from them again. The Bible consistently offers Jesus’s certain return as a source of
steadying hope for believers.11
11. Second coming hope: 1 Corinthians 15:50-58; Ephesians 1:10-14; 2:19; 5:9-11; Titus 2:13; 1 Peter 1:13; 1 John 3:2-3
258 | Lesson 18
A statement of glorious expectation follows Jesus’s promise to come again. Jesus said, “You
know the way to the place where I am going.” Jesus’s statement left His disciples even more
confused. The more Jesus said, the less the disciples seemed to understand. Jesus spoke to
His disciples of His heavenly home to which He would soon return. Each disciple should have
known the way to heaven because each disciple knew Jesus. As Thomas would soon reveal,
they did not yet fully understand.
Jesus Answers His Bewildered Disciples – 14:5-14

Questions surely flooded the hearts and minds of Jesus’s perplexed disciples. Where could
Jesus be going that His disciples could not follow Him? How could they possibly know the way
to the place Jesus was going?
Jesus Answers Thomas – 14:5-7

The disciples seemed unable to think spiritually about Jesus’s statement, “You know the way to
the place where I am going.” Accepting that Jesus was leaving represented a mental, spiritual,
and emotional hurdle. Thomas stepped forward to speak with Jesus directly.
Thomas’s Question – 14:5

Thomas spoke for all the disciples when he bluntly said, “Lord, we don’t know where you
are going, so how can we know the way?” Thomas’s personality and pragmatic approach to
following Jesus shows here. Thomas’s desire for physical proof has often been equated with
pessimism or doubt.12 Yet Thomas, understanding what could have happened when Jesus led
the disciples to Bethany, was willing to die with Jesus.13 He simply wanted measurable clarity
about Jesus’s coming destination.
Jesus’s Answer – 14:6-7

Jesus’s answer resounded with truth as He proclaimed His sixth “I am” statement revealing His
identity. Jesus announced, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father
except through me.” Jesus’s destination was heaven. Jesus offers the only way to heaven
because He is the truth and the life. The only way to follow Jesus to heaven is to seek salvation
through Jesus Himself. The answer to Thomas’s question remains the same today. Thomas
and the disciples knew the way because they knew Jesus—the way and the truth and the life.
Jesus’s simple yet profound statement brings clarity to His claims.
● Jesus is the only way to the Father.14
● Jesus is the fulfillment of God's law and prophecy.15
● Jesus is the source of life.16
Jesus further admonished His disciples: “If you really know me, you will know my Father as
well. From now on, you do know him and have seen him.” This statement represents a clear
claim to deity. To know Jesus is to know the Father.
12. Thomas’s desire for proof: John 20:24-28

13. Thomas and Jesus: John 11:16
14. Only way: Acts 4:12; 1 Timothy 2:5
15. Fulfillment of God’s law: Matthew 5:17; Romans 10:4
16. Source of life: John 1:4; 10:10; 14:19b; 17:3

Jesus Answers Philip – 14:8-14
Philip’s Request – 14:8

In response to Jesus’s words, Philip stepped forward with a direct request to see the Father.
Philip said to Jesus, “Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough for us.” Jesus had just
informed His disciples that He is the way and the truth and the life. What was Philip seeking?
Whatever Philip sought, he seemed to ask for further proof.
Jesus’s Answer – 14:9-14

Jesus expressed disappointment at Philip’s request. He said, “Don’t you know me, Philip,
even after I have been among you such a long time?” Repeating a truth that had not gained
traction in their hearts, Jesus repeated that anyone who sees Him has seen the Father. Jesus
questioned how Philip could make such a request given all he had heard and witnessed.
Jesus directly questioned Philip’s belief in His unity with the Father. Jesus did not leave Philip
wondering but reviewed the rock-solid proof of His deity that Philip had seen and heard. First,
Jesus’s words carried divine authority. Secondly, His works revealed supernatural power. Philip
had also seen God’s heart and commitment to humankind demonstrated in Jesus’s acts of care
and compassion. Jesus answers our doubts with His truth.
Jesus then issued an encouraging promise of a spiritually fruitful future to His confused
disciples. Jesus promised that anyone who has faith in Him will do greater things because
He was going to His Father. What “greater things” would believers accomplish? The impact of
these now bewildered but soon divinely empowered servants17 would resound as the powerful
gospel spread throughout the world and across the ages. Additionally, God would bring glory to
His name by astounding answers to their prayers.18 Amazing things were in store as Jesus was
glorified and their ongoing work for Him glorified God as well.
Thomas, Philip, and the remaining disciples needed comfort as they processed Jesus’s
alarming words about His imminent departure. Jesus provided powerful comfort and
transformative truth. Jesus is the way, the truth, and the life. He provides more than enough to
sustain and empower His people. God’s grace transcends life’s challenges. Jesus’s words of
truth speak comfort to troubled hearts.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
In intimate conversation with His troubled disciples, Jesus offered words of comfort and
hope. Following their final meal together and facing His death, Jesus lovingly informed His
disciples of His departure and gave a new command to love as He loved. Shocked, confused,
and deeply despairing, the disciples brought their questions to Jesus, who answered and
revealed stunning truth. He predicted Peter’s denial. He opened a window through which they
could see a glimpse of heaven and His Father’s house. He revealed that He will return to earth
in bodily form when He comes back to gather His own. He proclaimed Himself as the only
17. Divinely empowered by the Holy Spirit: Acts 2:1-4
18. God’s answers to prayer: John 16:23-24
260 | Lesson 18
way to eternal life. Jesus holds nothing back from His beloved children. In love, He speaks
the hard truths necessary to grow faith.
Jesus encouraged His disciples with direct exhortation. They should not allow their hearts to
be troubled. Instead, Jesus called them to trust God. The disciples struggled to grasp Jesus’s
impending departure to a destination where they could not follow. They could not comprehend
Jesus’s relationship with His Father. Thomas and Philip voiced the confusion likely shared
by the others. In response, Jesus gently and firmly called them to believe who He was, what
they had witnessed, and the amazing future He prepared for them. Jesus spoke truth that
confirmed His person, purpose, and mission. In times of trouble and confusion, Jesus’s truth
provides comfort nothing else affords.
Apply It When trouble

Jesus provides comfort for troubled hearts. Overcome with grief and strikes, choose to
weighed down with despair, eleven faith-filled men heard Jesus’s words, “Do turn your troubled
not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God; believe also in me.” Jesus heart toward trust
offers the same exhortation to His people today. When trouble strikes, choose in God. By His Holy
to turn your troubled heart toward God. By His Holy Spirit, comfort abounds Spirit, comfort
in those who trust Jesus. This does not mean that troubles disappear. Rather, abounds in those
the troubles fade in magnitude when we set our gaze on our faithful and
who trust Jesus.
sovereign God. Tears still flow, emotions continue to rise and fall, but an
This does not
intentional focus on God brings perspective and peace to our hurting hearts.
The comfort God gives is more than sympathy or even empathy; He bolsters
mean that troubles
our faith to look beyond our circumstances and experience a needed infusion
disappear. Rather,
of His strength. What trouble do you face today? In what ways are you letting the troubles fade
your heart remain troubled? How might you shift your focus to the God who in magnitude when
offers His strength and peace? we set our gaze
on our faithful and
Thomas, ever practical, struggled to understand what Jesus was doing and
where He was going. With grace and compassion, Jesus expanded Thomas’s
sovereign God.
limited perspective, and ours, to reveal great truth. Jesus is the way, the
truth, and the life—the only way to heaven. Take time to ponder the breadth and depth of that
statement. Jesus’s invitation to salvation stands open to all who call upon His name. Do you
know Jesus as your way? How might you follow Jesus and walk in the way He leads you?
Jesus, the Son of God, is also the only source of truth. We can only know truth by knowing
Jesus, who alone knows us completely. How will you seek to know Jesus and His truth? Jesus
is also the source of life—He gives eternal life to all who receive Him. All who know the Father,
the Son, and the Spirit receive eternal life—transformed life that begins on earth and continues
throughout eternity. How will you purposely plug into Jesus as your life source? Jesus longs to
bestow indescribable blessings on everyone who puts their faith in Him.
Philip thought he needed something more from Jesus. He had walked with Jesus, observed
His miracles, heard His teaching, and experienced His care. Yet Philip asked Jesus to “show
us the Father and that will be enough for us.” In what way might Philip’s attitude be present in
us? As finite humans dwelling on earth, we can also think we need one more thing from God
to prove that He is trustworthy. If only my family member would be healed. If only God would

provide a job. If only God would show me a miracle. What makes us seek additional, tangible
proof that God exists and cares for us? What do you think it will take for you to consider Jesus
to be enough? Jesus’s response to Philip instructs us today. Jesus is enough. In fact, Jesus is
more than enough. In what way do you knowingly or unknowingly qualify your trust in Jesus
with demands or expectations? Jesus provides sufficient grace to meet our every need. Jesus
is our guide, protector, rescuer, defender, and Savior, and our kind, wise, heavenly friend. He will
come back for His own. A believer’s eternal prospects provide hope while living in this world.
God has revealed more than enough for every person to seek Him and find life in His Son.
Jesus holds nothing back. He is more than enough. He is our everything.
JOHN: LESSON 19
Jesus Promises LESSON
the Holy Spirit SCRIPTURE

JOHN 14:15-31
Lesson Questions
1. What examples from the notes might help you face life’s troubles?
2. How did the lecture prompt you to seek Jesus as your way, truth, and life and to share the
gospel with others?

Jesus prepared His disciples for the gift of the Holy Spirit.
3. What do these verses reveal about the unity of work and purpose among the Father, Son,
and Holy Spirit?
Lesson 19 | 263
4. a. Consider the two names used for the Holy Spirit in these verses. What does each
name mean?
b. Which phrases from verse 17 describe the Holy Spirit’s current relationship with the
disciples and the upcoming, changed relationship Jesus promised?
5. What most amazes you about the relationship between the Holy Spirit and believers?

Jesus’s comforting promises prepared His disciples for His departure.
6. List at least three promises found in verses 18-19 and describe why each promise is
important to believers.
7. a. Identify three separate but entwined truths in verse 20 that describe the unity of Jesus,
the Father, and His people.
b. What within those statements do you find new, challenging, particularly meaningful, or
hard to fathom?
264 | Lesson 19
8. How do verses 18-20 help you better understand Jesus’s love and provision for His children?
Fourth Day: Read John 14:15, 21-26.

Jesus explained the relationship between love and obedience.
9. a. Based on these verses, describe how love for the Lord Jesus, obedience, and Bible study
are related.
b. Who or what has helped your love for Jesus and God’s Word to grow? How might you
encourage this growth in others?
10. How do Jesus and His Father come and make their “home” within someone?
11. a. From verse 26, in what ways did Jesus promise that the Holy Spirit would help His
disciples and all believers? (See also 1 Corinthians 2:12-14.)
b. How have you experienced these promises, and what happened as a result?

Jesus promised an overcoming peace to His troubled disciples.
12. a. What do you learn about true peace from John 14:27?

b. What is the difference between peace with God and the peace of God, which Jesus
promised here? (See also Romans 5:1-2 and Philippians 4:6-7.)
c. How do Jesus’s words and promise of His peace help you in your current situation?
13. How would Jesus’s words in verses 28-29 help His disciples as they experienced the
coming days of His suffering and death?
14. a. In verses 30-31, Jesus acknowledged His upcoming battle with the “prince of this
world.” (See also Hebrews 2:14.) What do you learn from Jesus’s words and obedience
to His Father as He approached His death?
b. What helps you move forward in faith and obedience when your circumstances seem
difficult or dire?

The Holy Spirit transforms believers from the inside out.
15. What truth about the Holy Spirit and His work has most helped you this week? How may
your group pray for you as you make that truth part of your life?
John 14:15-31

266 | Lesson 19
Lecture Notes

Lesson 19 Notes
John 14:15-31
Focus Verse
“And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you
forever—the Spirit of truth.” (John 14:16-17a)
Outline
● The Promise of the Holy Spirit – John 14:15-20
● The Purpose of the Holy Spirit – John 14:21-26
● The Peace of the Holy Spirit – John 14:27-31
Engage
Jesus’s disciples walked, talked, and shared meals with God incarnate. We can only
imagine what they experienced as they listened to Jesus and learned from Him. Have you
ever wondered what that was like? Do you ever wish Jesus was physically and personally
present with you? As Jesus’s death and return to heaven drew near, He prepared His
disciples for what was to come. He promised He would not leave them alone. Jesus would
send the Holy Spirit—another “advocate”—to help them and be with them forever.
Jesus promised something else amazing. Though Jesus’s disciples experienced the
wonder of being with Jesus, He promised that the Holy Spirit would soon be in believers.
God’s own Spirit would indwell those who place their faith in Christ. No one has the power
to live for the Lord by their own diligence or efforts. God knew that those who trusted
Jesus for salvation also required His inward, onboard power to live for Him. The Holy Spirit
transforms believers from the inside out. God equips His children to understand His truth,
obey Him, and live a life dominated by peace. The Holy Spirit fuels God’s work within and
through His people.
The Promise of the Holy Spirit – John 14:15-20
Love and Obedience, Part 1 – 14:15

John recorded Jesus’s words of comfort and hope for His disciples. After His promise to
answer His peoples’ prayers,1 Jesus said, “If you love me, keep my commands.” Love for God
and obedience to His commands cannot be separated.2 Here, Jesus taught that love for God
1. Promise to answer prayers: John 14:13-14

2. Love and obedience: Luke 6:46; 1 John 2:3-5; 3:24; 5:2-3
268 | Lesson 19
motivates obedience, not that obedience is the method of salvation.3 A believer’s obedience
does not contribute to his or her salvation but proves it.4 What makes a believer willing and able
to obey God’s commands? The rest of this chapter helps us understand how the Holy Spirit
gives God’s children the ability to love and obey Him.
The Indwelling Holy Spirit – 14:16-20

The Person of the Holy Spirit – 14:16-17
Jesus spoke of the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit. He said He would “ask” the Father
to give the Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the Father’s gift through His Son. Jesus’s words speak
to both the complete union and the distinctness of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Holy
Spirit is “another advocate”—separate from the Father and Son but sent to help believers
and bring God’s presence to them forever. Allos, the Greek word used for “another,” does not
indicate a replacement for Jesus but another of the same kind. Just as Jesus is the “exact
representation” of the Father,5 so the Holy Spirit is exactly like the Son.
Paraklētos, the Greek word used for “advocate” in this passage in the NIV, describes someone
called alongside to help and strengthen. No English word captures the meaning completely.
Other translations use “Helper,” “Comforter,” or “Counselor” to capture this extraordinary concept.
An advocate or legal counselor speaks for people in a court of law, often amid difficulty. Like
Jesus, the Holy Spirit undertakes the believer’s case to provide support, strength, consolation,
and guidance.
Jesus said the Holy Spirit would be with believers “forever.” Jesus’s visible presence on earth
would soon end, but the holy Advocate would permanently remain to comfort and help Jesus’s
followers. One day, Jesus will return to earth in power and great glory. Until He does, He
remains present among His people through His Spirit within them.
Jesus, the way, the truth, and the life,6 described the Holy Spirit as the “Spirit of truth.” The
Spirit would come to teach the deeper meaning of Jesus’s words, which the disciples could not
yet understand. The Spirit of truth reveals Himself through the unchanging truth revealed by
God Himself in the Bible. All Scripture was breathed out through God’s Spirit.7 The Spirit of truth
makes God’s Word come alive to all who yield to His teaching.
Describing the Holy Spirit, Jesus said, “The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees
him nor knows him.” The unbelieving world that refuses Jesus Christ cannot know the person
of the Holy Spirit. Without the Holy Spirit, God’s truth is “foolishness” because spiritual truth
can only be discerned through the Spirit.8 The concept of the Holy Spirit seems ridiculous to an
unbelieving world. The world treats the Holy Spirit in the same way those who opposed Jesus
treated Him while He walked on the earth. Jesus “was in the world, and though the world was
made through him, the world did not recognize him.”9
3. Saved by grace: Ephesians 2:8-10

4. Faith without works: James 2:17-18
5. Exact representation: Hebrews 1:3
6. Way, truth, and life: John 14:6
7. God-breathed: 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:20-21
8. Discerned through the Spirit: 1 Corinthians 2:10-14
9. Jesus and the world: John 1:10

In stark contrast to the world’s rejection, believers uniquely know the fullness of God’s
presence through the Holy Spirit. “But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you.”
At that moment, the listening disciples knew Jesus’s physical nearness as He walked and
talked with Him. Soon, after Jesus ascended to heaven, His very presence would fill them with
His power and remain with them constantly.
Human words scarcely describe the wonder and mystery of the Holy Spirit’s indwelling
presence within God’s believing people. The Holy Spirit descended on the day of Pentecost10 to
fill believers with God’s transformative power and enablement. The Holy Spirit accomplishes
what no external code of behavior can. God’s very Spirit guides believers into truth, instilling
the desire and power to live a transformed life.
The Presence of Jesus – 14:18-20

The disciples surely felt like abandoned children as they pondered Jesus’s coming departure.
Jesus met their troubled hearts with solid promises of hope and comfort. First, Jesus
promised, “I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you.” He would come to them in
the person of the Holy Spirit following His ascension. Jesus foretold His ongoing presence
despite His upcoming departure: “Before long, the world will not see me anymore, but you
will see me.”
Jesus also promised resurrection power through His life-giving Spirit. “Because I live, you also
will live.” Just as Jesus would rise from the grave, so the Spirit would give new life to people
who were dead in sin. Jesus’s resurrection paved the way for the astonishing, life-giving union
of God’s Spirit and His people.
“On that day you will realize that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you.”
Jesus’s profound words describe His union with His Father as well as God’s transformational
power at work within a believer. After Jesus’s death, His resurrection, and Pentecost,
Jesus’s disciples would fully realize the mysterious and marvelous spiritual unity Jesus now
proclaimed. The many rich facets of salvation in Christ will continue to astound believers in
this life and for eternity.
The unity of purpose and work within the Trinity flows into the lives of believers in beautiful
ways. Jesus confirmed His union with His Father—“I am in my Father.” Clothed in Christ’s
righteousness, believers are securely “in Christ.”11 Jesus said to His disciples, “You are in
me, and I am in you.” The Holy Spirit lives within each believer, continually working to change
his or her character to be more like Jesus.12 God envelops believers in a wonderful union
that is beyond imagination. The richness and depth of these compounding truths offer deep
consolation and comfort to all who place their faith in Christ.
10. Pentecost: Acts 2:1-13

11. In Christ: Romans 6:11; Ephesians 1:13-14
12. Christ in believers: Romans 8:10-11; Colossians 1:27
270 | Lesson 19
The Purpose of the Holy Spirit – John 14:21-26
Love and Obedience, Part 2 – 14:21-24

Jesus continued with the theme He introduced in verse 15 by saying, “Whoever has my
commands and keeps them is the one who loves me.” This same truth is emphasized three
times in this passage, in verses 15, 21, and 23-24. The book of 1 John later picks up this theme.
To have and keep God’s commands means to treasure them and make them a part of your
life. Someone whose heart has been transformed by Christ longs to obey God out of love and
gratitude. God’s commands refer to more than His moral law. These commands point to God’s
full revelation of truth throughout Scripture. As forgetful people living in a fallen world, we need
a regular infusion of God’s Word if we are to keep His commands.
Obedience to God comes when believers, through the Holy Spirit’s power,
choose God’s way over their own. God seeks more than rote compliance—He
Obedience to
desires that we obey Him because we love Him. Maturing believers grow in
God comes when
a conscious realization that the triune God resides inside of them; “My Father believers, through
will love them, and we will come to them and make our home with them.” God the Holy Spirit’s
finds a home within each believer’s heart. power, choose
God’s way over
Along with this promise, Jesus issued a solemn warning: “Anyone who
does not love me will not obey my teaching.” The love Jesus describes is
their own. God
more than an emotion or warm feeling. God did not merely love the world
seeks more than
and then let sinners perish. He took action. He provided a way of salvation13 rote compliance—
demonstrated through the obedience of Jesus. In the same way, true love for He desires that we
God produces obedience to Him within believers. However, a lack of true love obey Him because
for God produces a lack of obedience to Him. The admonition Jesus offered we love Him.
did not reflect only His ideas. Jesus spoke in unity with His Father’s heart and
for God when He instructed His disciples.
The Work of the Holy Spirit – 14:25-26

Jesus maximized His remaining time with His disciples to prepare them for the future. At
this point, the disciples did not fully understand how Jesus’s death and resurrection would
accomplish their redemption. After His resurrection, Jesus continued to explain how His
sacrifice fulfilled Old Testament Scriptures.14 Jesus promised His disciples that when the Holy
Spirit came, He would teach them all they needed to know and remind them of everything
Jesus had said to them. His words highlight again the cooperative union within the Trinity.15
For Jesus’s disciples and for believers today, the Holy Spirit illuminates the gospel and biblical
truth to create understanding not otherwise possible.16 God’s truth represents spiritual wisdom
the natural human mind cannot comprehend but instead sees as “foolishness.”17 The Spirit makes
God’s Word come alive and emerge as personally meaningful to believers amid their circumstances.
13. God’s desire to save: John 3:16; Romans 8:32

14. Prophecies fulfilled: Luke 24:44-47
15. Union within Trinity: John 14:16-17
16. Spiritual understanding: 1 Corinthians 2:9-16
17. Foolishness: 1 Corinthians 1:18-25; 2:14

The Spirit of God at Work in the People of God
The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit
Jesus prepared His disciples for His departure as He approached the cross. Though they
enjoyed His physical presence as firsthand witnesses of His authority and power, Jesus
explained that something amazing awaited them. Eternally joined in purpose and power,
the Son would ask the Father to send the Spirit to fill and empower His followers. Jesus’s
very person would not just stand beside them but live within them. Every believer receives
the Holy Spirit when they receive Christ as Savior.1
In fact, it is the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit that makes belief possible. Wherever
Jesus is exalted and people come to saving faith, the Holy Spirit is active—awakening dead
hearts to come to Christ in faith.2 The indwelling Holy Spirit empowers believers to not only
want to obey God but be able to do so.3 The Holy Spirit propels God’s work within believers
and furthers God’s plan and purposes over all the earth.
Without recognizing the Holy Spirit’s presence, help, and work, we miss much of God’s
involvement in our lives. Unless the Holy Spirit intervenes and illuminates God’s truth,
we cannot comprehend God’s Word or His ways. Until God’s Spirit awakens our hearts
and minds to recognize God and His work, we futilely try to interpret the past, present,
and future with a warped and limited view of reality. We need the Spirit of truth to help us
understand what is real and true.
Jesus promised not to leave His disciples as orphans. He kept His promise. Jesus came
back to them just as He comes to every believer—through His indwelling Holy Spirit. If you
are a believer, how often do you stop to think about how truly amazing this is? The Holy
Spirit’s unlimited power resides within every single child of God. He works within each of us
to remove our stony hearts and give us hearts of flesh that love God more than our sinful
selves.4 God’s children learn to expect His internal guidance and welcome His trustworthy
conviction of specific sin. God’s children are never alone! In a world of confusion and conflict,
God’s children have peace with God through Christ’s sacrifice. They also experience the peace
of God as the Holy Spirit brings God’s presence into daily life—no matter what life brings.
1. Indwelling Holy Spirit: Romans 8:9; 1 Corinthians 6:19; 12:13
2. The Holy Spirit reveals Christ: John 15:26; 16:7-15
3. Desiring and doing God’s will: 1 Corinthians 12:4-6; 2 Corinthians 3:5; Philippians 2:13; Hebrews 13:20-21
4. Stony hearts: Ezekiel 36:26-27
Jesus also promised His disciples that the Spirit would help them remember what He taught
and did while with them on earth. The men who walked with Jesus on earth would be given
supernatural recall of specific words and conversations with Jesus that they would later record.
The remarkable theological consistency and unity of the message of the Scriptures testifies to
the guiding work of and inspiration by the Holy Spirit. Likewise, the Holy Spirit helps believers
today remember Scripture and apply it to their unfolding situations in life.
272 | Lesson 19
The Peace of the Holy Spirit – John 14:27-31
Jesus’s words clearly reflect His sensitivity to the perplexity and despair of His disciples. John 14
opens with words of comfort and concludes with a similar focus. Jesus offered a bold and
tender invitation to peace as He sought to calm the disciples’ troubled hearts.
A Different Kind of Peace – 14:27

The Greek word for peace used here, eirēnē, has behind it the Hebrew word and concept of
shalom, which means more than tranquility or safety. These words point to all the good God
pours upon His people—wholeness, contentment, welfare, security, friendship with people,
and fellowship with God. Shalom was also used as a conventional word of farewell, but Jesus
restored and expanded shalom into a comprehensive blessing. As Jesus spoke comforting
words to His inner circle, He gave them the gift of His own peace—the settled state of His own
inner being.
Jesus’s powerful words resound with hope: “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not
give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid.” Jesus
offered His disciples the same supernatural peace that held Him firm as He faced opposition
and death on the cross. Jesus’s peace was and is unlike anything the world provides.
Peace rises as a common desire for people living in a world dominated by turmoil and conflict.
However, this world’s best solutions cannot compare with Jesus’s supernatural peace, which
does not depend on favorable circumstances. Escaping from problems by ignoring trouble and
seeking temporary distractions cannot compare with the steadfast, eternal hope Jesus gives;
His peace transcends external trauma.
Jesus bestows peace with God and the peace of God upon His children. First, His sacrificial
death repairs sin’s breach and allows the sinner to enjoy eternal fellowship with God.18 Second,
a believer finds peace not in the absence of trouble but in the sovereign and purposeful care of
God Himself. Jesus called His troubled disciples to replace their fear and unrest with a peace
the world cannot receive or comprehend. Jesus’s peace is like an oxygen mask that supplies
His own atmosphere amid poisonous pollution. His words to His disciples reach through the
centuries to speak peace to our troubled hearts today.
Jesus’s Departure and Satan’s Defeat – 14:28-31

Offering His peace as their source of stability, Jesus increasingly prepared His disciples for His
departure with comforting words. Jesus would soon return to His Father, whom He declared
as “greater than I.” He was not pronouncing Himself as inferior to His Father. Rather, Jesus
anticipated that He would resume the full glory at His Father’s right hand that He surrendered
when He came to earth as a man. Equal to God the Father in every way, Jesus would again take
up His fully exalted position. Jesus understood the eternal benefits resulting from His death,
resurrection, ascension, and the coming reality of the indwelling Holy Spirit. Jesus encouraged
His grief-stricken disciples to be glad, not sad, that He was returning to His Father.
18. Peace with God: Romans 5:1-2

Jesus understood the spiritual battle He faced. He realized that His enemies drew near. Jesus
remained committed to die for humanity in obedience to His Father and love for the world. At
the same time, the “prince of this world” was coming for Jesus. Satan’s schemes and God’s
redemptive plan converged at the cross. The Prince of Peace was about to engage in an
unprecedented battle with the prince of this world. Satan has no hold on Jesus. God’s Son fought
and won a spiritual battle of epic proportions when He willingly died at the hands of His enemies.
Jesus’s unwavering obedience demonstrated the unparalleled depth of His divine love for His
Father and humanity. The path to peace for believers took Jesus to the cross. Jesus resolutely
declared to His disciples, “Come now; let us leave.”
Jesus’s investment in His disciples involved bringing them comfort, telling them what was
coming, and calling them to incomparable peace. The dismayed disciples could not fully grasp
all that Jesus foretold. Their beloved teacher would leave but send His Spirit to sustain their
faith and advance His mission around the world. Jesus never leaves His people as orphans in
a terrifying world. He calls people to Himself and supplies everything they need to live for Him.
The Holy Spirit transforms believers from the inside out. God provides what His call demands.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
On His last night before the cross, Jesus stretched His disciples’ hearts and minds as He
taught them about the unstoppable plan of the triune God. The Son of God would die on their
behalf, but the Father would send the Holy Spirit as their divine advocate. As Jesus left their
physical presence, God's own Spirit would come and operate within them. The Holy Spirit would
teach them God’s truth and help them remember what He taught them.
As Jesus prepared to yield Himself to Satan’s desperate clutches, He remained resolutely

committed to His Father’s eternal plan. Jesus knew Satan’s death blow would not prevail but
instead accomplish an eternal victory for those Jesus loved. Jesus so loved His Father and
the people He longed to save that He willingly embraced suffering on the cross. Jesus did not
head to Calvary wringing His hands in despair but trusted God’s will and calling. He remained
steadied by a peace the world could not fathom. He invited His struggling disciples to partake
of the same peace that held Him secure. Jesus went to the cross so sinners could have peace
with God; His eternal victory offers believers the peace of God.
Apply It
God completely understands the human frailty that so often discourages us. On our own, we
cannot offer God anything truly good. In love and compassion, God comes to our rescue. He
sent His own Son as an atoning sacrifice for sin. People who place their faith in Christ receive
His untainted righteousness as their own. When God looks at a believer He sees His Son’s
perfection, not the believer's sin. However, even those saved by Christ cannot overcome sin’s
pull by mustering their feeble strength and resolve to obey God. In His infinite wisdom, God
274 | Lesson 19
provided an internal power source we can scarcely grasp or explain. God’s own Spirit resides
within everyone who puts their faith in Christ. The Holy Spirit shares God’s thoughts with His
children as they learn and grow. He gives us hearts to cry out to God. The Holy Spirit empowers
believers to recognize and repent from sin as they live for God. The peace that Jesus
experienced becomes theirs through the Holy Spirit’s power and presence. Because of the Holy
Spirit, believers are not “orphans” but have the very presence of God inside them. How real is
the Holy Spirit’s presence to you?
Jesus clearly stated that love for God is evidenced by obedience to His commands. Hollow
affirmations of love and commitment to the Lord mean nothing without actions demonstrating
that love. We often enthusiastically affirm our devotion to God beyond our capacity to deliver.
So how do committed believers accomplish what their hearts desire as they seek to obey God?
The Holy Spirit, who draws us to Christ for salvation, also empowers us to love and obey Him.
By responding to the Holy Spirit, we learn to love obeying God. Though we certainly slip up and
fall into habits of sin, the Holy Spirit increasingly helps believers be devoted to God and follow
His ways rather than seek the temporary pleasures of sin. As you look at your life, how have you
experienced God wooing your heart and reshaping your desires? What do your actions reveal
about your love for God?
God’s peace anchored Jesus’s heart as He moved toward the cross. He called His troubled
disciples to share in the very peace that strengthened Him against hell’s fiercest fury. What
brings you peace? Are you the happiest when life is the smoothest? Do you struggle for peace
when unexpected or overwhelming challenges arise? While we prefer smooth sailing to rough
seas, hard times tell the truth about where we look for peace. God has more for His children
than avoiding or anesthetizing their pain with distractions and insufficient solutions. The peace
Jesus shares with His children is unlike anything else. The Holy Spirit allows God’s children to
experience His peace. Believers stand secure, not because their path is smooth but because
their God is strong, sovereign, and trustworthy. Experiencing God’s peace does not mean avoiding
pain. Rather, God’s peace provides a steadying calm when the ground is shaking. Psalm 46:1-2
says, “God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear,
though the earth give way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea.” How will you trust the
Holy Spirit to sustain you with God’s peace as you face today’s greatest challenges?

JOHN: LESSON 20
Union LESSON
with Christ SCRIPTURE

JOHN 15:1-25
Lesson Questions
1. What new understanding about the Holy Spirit did you gain from the notes?
2. How did the lecture encourage you regarding the Holy Spirit’s work in your life?

Jesus taught about the necessary relationship between the branch and the vine to bear fruit.
3. a. What does Jesus’s illustration of the vine and branches teach about a believer’s
relationship with Him?
b. What did you learn that helped or challenged you?
Lesson 20 | 277
4. a. Explain John 15:3 considering Jesus’s earlier teaching from John 13:10-11.
b. Have you been made clean in Christ? If so, when and how?
5. How have you experienced God’s gracious pruning this year? What were the results?

“Bearing fruit” describes the results of Christ’s life flowing through a believer.
6. What did Jesus say was necessary to bear fruit? What did He mean?
7. Can people without a love for Christ who work for a good cause live what God calls a
fruitful life? Use Scripture to support your answer.
8. In what areas of your life are you bearing fruit and where do you need God’s help to
become more fruitful? (See also John 4:36; 12:24; 15:16; Romans 1:13; 6:22;
Galatians 5:22-24; and Colossians 1:10.)
9. What does it mean to “ask whatever you wish, and it will be done for you”?
278 | Lesson 20
Jesus declared His love for and friendship with His disciples.
10. a. How does Jesus describe God’s love for believers in this passage?
b. What privileges do believers receive as they remain in Jesus Christ? How does this
encourage or motivate you?
11. a. Why is loving others so important?
b. Is there anyone you find difficult to love? How will you look to Jesus for help?
12. a. For what purpose did Jesus choose His followers?
b. How are we able to accomplish His purpose? (See also John 15:4-8.)

Jesus warned the disciples that they would be hated by the world.
13. a. What does John mean by “the world”? (See also John 1:10 and 1 John 2:15-16; 5:19.)

b. From these verses, why does the world hate Jesus and Christians? How do you see
this today?
14. How might you respond if people dislike, hate, or are indifferent toward you because of
your faith in Christ?
15. How should a believer rightly interact with the world? (See also Matthew 28:19-20;
Luke 5:29-32; John 17:14-15; Romans 12:2; Galatians 5:13-25; 1 Corinthians 9:19-23;
3 John 1:11; or other passages.)

Remaining in Christ produces fruit and love but provokes opposition.
16. As you have remained in Christ, how have you experienced His fruit, His love, and the
world’s opposition?
John 15:1-25

280 | Lesson 20
Lecture Notes

Lesson 20 Notes
John 15:1-25
Focus Verse
“I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much
fruit; apart from me you can do nothing.” (John 15:5)
Outline
● The Vine and the Branches – John 15:1-17
● The Hatred of the World – John 15:18-25
Engage
What constitutes a fruitful life? Society often honors an accumulation of wealth, the praise
of peers, fame, the production of something useful, or a memorable legacy. Here lies
the problem: worldly things eventually fade away. They erode, depreciate, get lost, and
eventually become forgotten.1 Only through the Lord can anyone produce anything with
lasting value. The fruit the Lord desires and develops belongs to His eternal kingdom,
not this world.2 A life dedicated to Jesus Christ resonates with His truth, love, wisdom,
compassion, and care. Serving, worshiping, and glorifying God matters most. God’s children
live to make His name known, not their own. Our Lord Jesus defines a fruitful life as one
that draws life from Him.
In Jesus’s last moments before the cross with His disciples, He explained to His beloved
followers what it means to bear fruit. Jesus would soon die, be raised from the dead, and
return to heaven. Going forward, Jesus would draw others to Himself through His people.
God’s presence abides on earth through His Holy Spirit, who indwells all who believe
in Christ. Called to serve and obey, those bearing Christ’s fruit often encounter trials or
rejection. Even so, God’s children embrace their joyful privilege as heavenly ambassadors.
1. Earthly treasure: Matthew 6:19
2. Heavenly treasure: Matthew 6:20-21
The Vine and the Branches – John 15:1-17

As Jesus prepared His disciples for His death, resurrection, and ascension, He assured them
that they would not be left alone. In the previous chapter, Jesus promised that an advocate,
the Holy Spirit, would come to indwell them. Now, the Lord explained the necessity of drawing
upon His spiritual presence and power after His physical days on earth ended.
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Drawing Life from the Vine – 15:1-6
The Vine and the Gardener – 15:1
Throughout His life, Jesus masterfully used imagery to teach and train all who would listen. The
disciples would have understood the practical implications of a vine as His illustration. Jesus
often used agrarian symbolism, also common in the Old Testament, to establish and help explain
His teaching.1 Jesus described Himself as “the true vine” and His Father as “the gardener.”
The Vine of Israel

Jesus’s declaration that He is “the true vine” stands in deliberate contrast to Israel, often
depicted in the Old Testament as the vine planted by God. The image of Israel as a corrupt vine
pointed to the nation’s failure. The vine God had tenderly planted yielded bad fruit.2 Israel was
not alone in its failure to fulfill God’s purposes. Rebellion against God stains human history and
characterizes the fallen human race. Except for Jesus, every person falls short of God’s glory.3
Jesus, the True Vine

Jesus succeeded where Israel failed. For this reason, the New Testament calls Jesus Christ
“the last Adam.”4 The first Adam brought catastrophe to humanity through his sin in the garden
of Eden. As a result, his descendants—all people—inherit his sin-stained nature. However,
everyone adopted by Jesus inherits His nature and shares in His victory over sin. A new source
of life flows from Jesus that compels believers to delight in God’s will.5 Through faith in Christ,
this new humanity rising from within God’s people produces the fruit of righteousness6 on
earth. God created people for this purpose.
All who personally receive Jesus as Lord and Savior are “baptized by one Spirit so as to form
one body.”7 Sealed by the Holy Spirit,8 believers are forever joined to Christ—the true Vine.
Those who put their faith in Jesus depend on Him for spiritual vitality like branches draw
nourishment from a vine. Jesus gives believers the necessary power to live, grow, flourish, and
bear fruit. Amazingly, God’s children “participate in the divine nature.”9 A believer’s relationship
with Christ will never end.
Cutting Off and Pruning – 15:2
Fruitless Branches Removed – 15:2a

God designed creation to flourish. The Fall introduced sin, disease, and death—all of which
run counter to God’s desire.10 Judgment awaits those who remain in opposition to God. People
who reject God will be cut off from Him for all eternity. These dead branches do not bear God’s
intended fruit or draw the new life Jesus offers.
1. Agrarian symbolism: Genesis 49:22; Psalm 80:8-16; Isaiah 27:2-5; Hosea 14:7
2. Corrupt vine: Isaiah 5:1-7; Jeremiah 2:21
3. Falling short: Romans 3:23
4. Last Adam: 1 Corinthians 15:45
5. Delight in the Lord: Psalm 40:6-8; Hebrews 10:5-7
6. Fruit of righteousness: Philippians 1:11
7. Baptized by one Spirit: 1 Corinthians 12:13
8. Sealed: 2 Corinthians 1:21-22; Ephesians 1:13-14
9. Divine nature: 2 Peter 1:4
10. Results of the Fall: Genesis 3:14-19

For the sake of the vine and its branches, the gardener removes the fruitless branches that
introduce disease and mar the beauty of the vine. What does it mean that the gardener—God
Himself—cuts off, throws away, and burns these fruitless branches? Bible scholars have long
debated this issue. Two primary interpretations emerge:
● Christians lose eternal life if they are unfruitful. However, this view contradicts John’s
Gospel and the whole counsel of Scripture. No one who possesses eternal life will lose it.11
● The fruitless branches are those who appear to be Christians but really are not. These
are people who outwardly associate with Jesus but do not have sincere faith in Him.12
They seem connected but do not yield fruit that proves the reality of faith. Judas Iscariot
falls into this category. This view seems most in line with this passage and the rest of
Scripture regarding the true believer’s security in Christ.13
Fruitful Branches Pruned to Bear More Fruit – 15:2b

Pruning is necessary for the greatest yield of fruit. The gardener cuts off fruitless branches
that stunt the fruitfulness of the good branches. He also makes the fruitful branches even more
fruitful. God’s children often experience pruning that brings immeasurable fruit.
God’s pruning—a believer’s sanctification—continues today. As our gardener, God lovingly reveals
wrong emotions, futile thoughts,14 and careless words15 as He leads His children to repentance.
The Holy Spirit infuses new life within believers that yields spiritual fruitfulness. God’s sometimes
painful but always faithful pruning produces a harvest of righteousness and peace.16 A believer’s
salvation remains secure as the Holy Spirit brings greater growth and fruitfulness.
Declared Clean – 15:3

When Jesus declared, “You are already clean,” He expressed the same sentiment He shared when
He washed the disciples’ feet.17 Because of their faith, Jesus declared the 11 remaining disciples
eternally cleansed. His upcoming work on the cross pardoned them from the guilt of their sin.
All who place their faith in Jesus receive this same cleansing and freedom.18 Jesus is the
promised Messiah, Son of God, and Savior of the world. Justified and declared irrevocably
righteous before God for all eternity, true believers will never be cut off from Christ. They remain
forever attached to Him, the true Vine.
During our life on earth, God’s Spirit continues to sanctify His children. This pruning work
creates an awareness of sin that leads a believer to repent and turn away from sin. The Bible is
the Word of life that nourishes, strengthens, and sustains believers.19
Fruit of the Vine – 15:4-6

Every true believer in Jesus Christ will bear fruit. The vine and branches illustrate that Christians
produce God-glorifying fruit because of their constant dependence on Christ. To remain in Jesus
11. Eternal security: John 6:39; 10:28-29; Philippians 1:6; Romans 8:29
12. Fruitlessness: James 2:14-26
13. Security in Christ: John 10:27-30; Ephesians 1:13-14
14. Futile thoughts: Ephesians 4:17
15. Careless words: Matthew 12:36-37
16. Loving discipline: Hebrews 12:5-11
17. Declared clean: John 13:10
18. Salvation and cleansing: Romans 10:17; Ephesians 5:26
19. Nourishing truth: Psalm 1; 119:9; John 6:63, 68; 2 Timothy 3:16
284 | Lesson 20
means leaning into Him, listening to Him, following Him, depending on Him, and living by His
Word. Jesus’s call comes with a promise, “Remain in me, as I also remain in you.”
Eternal spiritual fruit comes in the form of Christlike character and influence, which glorifies
God. A believer’s selfless service and witness draw others to the Lord.20 We cannot fulfill God’s
calling through self-effort or human willpower. Only the life of Christ streaming in and through
the believer will produce spiritual fruit that endures into eternity.
God-given ability to bear fruit comes through faith in Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit indwells
Christ’s followers the very moment they surrender their lives to Him. A believer’s power to bear
God-glorifying fruit comes through the Holy Spirit as God’s children submit to His will and abide
by His ways. The Holy Spirit produces within a believer the fruit of “love, joy, peace, forbearance,
kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.”21 A person who remains in
Christ bears—often spontaneously and unconsciously—the fruit God desires and has designed
His children to produce.
Jesus offered a tender call but also a sober warning in verse 6: “If you do not remain in me, you
are like a branch that is thrown away and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into
the fire and burned.” No hope for eternal life or fruitfulness exists without faith in Christ and
abiding in Him.
Bearing Fruit for the Lord – 15:7-17

Promises for Those Who Abide in Christ – 15:7-11
Jesus continued to color in the picture of what a fruit-bearing branch of the divine Vine looks
like. Bearing fruit for Jesus requires drawing upon His power. Jesus described undeniable
characteristics revealed in the life of a sincere Christian who loves and remains in Jesus.
God’s Power in Prayer – 15:7

Believers have the privilege and responsibility to pray. When we remain in Christ and His
words remain in us, His thoughts begin to renew our minds and transform our deepest
emotions.22 Therefore, when we ask what we wish, we align with God’s will. God gives us our
desires because our desires reflect His.23
God-Glorifying Fruit – 15:8

Remaining in Christ brings profound satisfaction. Believers who hold close to Christ and abide
in Him bear much fruit. God’s children embrace Christ’s life through God’s Word, prayer, and
humble obedience. They display God’s grace and exalt His greatness. Only God can do such
works in sinful people, so all the glory belongs to Him. God created all people in His image24 and
for Himself.25 Jesus glorified God while living within the constraints of His humanity. Nothing
so exalts God as when His people bear enduring fruit and become increasingly like His Son.26
20. Christlike character: Philippians 2:12-16

21. Fruit of the Spirit: Galatians 5:22-23
22. Renewed minds: Romans 12:2
23. Answered desires: Psalm 37:4
24. Created in God’s image: Genesis 1:27
25. Created for Him: Colossians 1:16
26. Like God’s Son: Romans 8:29

God’s Enveloping Love – 15:9
When we receive the gift of Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior, God adopts us as His children and
gives us His enabling Spirit. God, as our Father, loves us as His children. How can we grasp the
fullness of God’s love? The Father loves us with the same love He has for His Son. Jesus brings us
into this sweet union, which will never be broken. Remaining in Jesus leads believers to a growing
awareness of the depth of His love. This vital assurance leads believers to bear fruit for Him.
God-Loving Obedience – 15:10

We obey not to cause God to love us, but because He does. Believers experience a constant,
flowing relationship of love with the Father, which causes obedience to rise as an overflowing
response to God. His amazing and undeserved love makes the believer’s obedience a gift of
gratitude and worship to God. God delights in our obedience27 and continues to pour His love
into our lives “through the Holy Spirit, who has been given to us.”28
God’s Sustaining Joy – 15:11

Although Jesus endured deeper suffering than anyone in human history,29 He also possessed
the greatest joy ever known.30 Jesus rejoiced in His deep love and abiding relationship with
His Father.31 Sustaining joy that flowed beneath and beyond Jesus’s suffering enabled Him to
fulfill His life work of bringing salvation to His beloved people.32 Jesus promised to share His
circumstance-defying joy with every believer who remains in Him. Remaining in Christ brings
new life, fruitfulness, and great joy.
Characteristics of Jesus’s Friends – 15:12-17

Just as Jesus demonstrated by washing their feet how His followers were to serve one
another,33 He would soon model the greatest act of self-sacrificing love by dying on the cross.
On this last evening before the cross, Jesus’s consistent theme of love permeated His tender
investment in His disciples.
Sacrificial Love – 15:12-13, 17

“My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you.” How does Jesus love His people?
He would soon lay down His life for them. Now, Jesus called His followers to willingly lay down
their lives for one another. Jesus calls all believers to humbly stand with and love one another.
True fruit-bearing stems from a heart of sacrificial love.
Genuine Obedience – 15:14

Obedience is Jesus’s love language. Jesus is not saying that He considers us His friends only
when we do what He says. Instead, Jesus desires what is best for us. He knows what will give
us the most profound joy. He understands what it takes to bear the greatest fruit. He wants us
to turn to Him as consistently as possible. As believers seek Jesus, He comes alongside us to
guide us as our perfect friend.
27. Obedience: 1 Samuel 15:22

28. Love through the Holy Spirit: Romans 5:5
29. Jesus’s suffering: Isaiah 53:3
30. Jesus’s joy: Hebrews 1:9
31. Love for the Father: John 14:31; 16:27-28
32. Joy to endure: Hebrews 12:2
33. Washed feet: John 13:1-17
286 | Lesson 20
Christ’s Intimate Union with His People
The Doctrine of the Church
The Church is God’s family—true believers who have received salvation in Christ and are
united in Him. As Jesus poured His love and wisdom into His disciples, He was building the
foundation of His Church.1 Upon that foundation, the Church stands as the body of God’s
redeemed people. Jesus Christ is her head and cornerstone.2 Jesus loves and died for His
Church. He considers her His bride.3
The universal Church consists of the totality of believers across the ages and around the
world known by God and called His own. People do not become a part of the true Church
by following a code of behavior or joining an organization. Faith in Christ knits God’s
people together and binds them to Christ in a life-giving union. Christians take part in local
churches where they unite for worship, fellowship, and service.
The power and purpose of the Church cannot be understood or experienced apart from
faith in Christ. Apart from Christ, we miss out on the beautiful fellowship God has intended
for His united people. Without seeking eternally significant pursuits, our lives pass quickly
by, devoid of enduring accomplishments.
Believers connect with others who share the same Savior, Holy Spirit, and eternal destiny.
Their organic unity with Christ and one another unites them as they walk through this world,
give God glory, and prepare for eternity. Jesus did not save people and leave them to walk
alone. The Holy Spirit indwells God’s people, and the community of the Church unites them
with eternal values in view.
1. Apostolic foundation: Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 2:20
2. Head of the Church: Ephesians 5:23
3. Bride of Christ: Ephesians 5:25-32
Intimate Fellowship – 15:15

Imagine how the disciples felt when Jesus called them His friends. For three years, they had
followed, listened, believed, and obeyed their Master, calling Him Rabbi, Lord, and Messiah. To
be considered a friend of God Almighty is a priceless, eternal gift that God alone provides.34
When Jesus Christ is your Lord and Savior, He calls you His friend. Jesus shares His thoughts
with you35 and shows you everything He has learned from His—and your—Father.
Enduring Fruit – 15:16

Jesus promised enduring fruit to those who remain in Him. Through Jesus alone, who is
eternal, believers can produce “fruit that will last.” How wonderful to reap benefits that outlast
our fading life on earth! Anything of eternal value that a believer accomplishes comes not
from human effort alone but from God’s eternal power. Fruit produced through Christ, including
making new disciples, will remain for eternity.
34. Friend of God: 2 Chronicles 20:7; Isaiah 41:8; Exodus 33:11
35. Mind of the Lord: Psalm 25:14; 1 Corinthians 2:16

What Is “the World”?
John uses the term “world” 77 times in his Gospel. The context of the word remains
important, as Scripture uses “world” in various ways. Typically, “the world” emerges with
three aspects to its meaning:
● The physical earth and universe1
● The system of life adopted by the majority of humanity—those who ignore God2
– The temporal as opposed to the eternal
– The sphere in which fallen humanity finds its satisfaction apart from God
● The people God loves and desires to save3

1. Physical world: John 1:10; 13:1; Hebrews 1:2
2. The world does not love God: John 15:19; 1 John 2:15-16; 4:4-5
3. God loves the world: John 3:16
The Hatred of the World – John 15:18-25

If the world hated Jesus, we should not be surprised that His followers are similarly rejected.
Jesus’s message and mission confront personal sin, a grave offense to those who prefer self-
rule. As believers increasingly reflect Jesus, the world around responds in hostility. Rebellious
humanity hates redeemed humanity.
The World’s Rejection – 15:18-21

The World Hated Jesus First – 15:18-19
The world’s hostility toward believers is inevitable. “If the world hates you,” Jesus said, “keep
in mind that it hated me first.” The dark, broken, fallen world knows and accepts its own—
unrepentant sinners—and rejects the redeemed.
Believers think and live differently than the majority of people in this world. Yet God’s people
can find comfort in their union with Jesus when they experience the world’s hatred. Everyone
who accepts Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior by faith has been chosen by God out of the
world to belong to Him.36 They are citizens of the heavenly kingdom, guaranteed to be in God's
presence for all eternity.
If you are a believer, you have responded to God in repentance and faith. This conversion
transformed your old self and made you new in Christ. As God’s chosen child, you are
personally rescued “from the present evil age.”37
36. Chosen: Ephesians 1:4

37. Rescued: Galatians 1:4
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God’s Children Identify with Jesus – 15:20-21
Jesus reminded His disciples that servants mirror their master.38 Those who reflect Jesus will be
treated as He was treated. Denouncers of Christ will persecute Christians. Those obedient to Christ
will experience strengthening unity—walking, working, and worshiping alongside one another.
People who hate Christians not only reject Jesus Christ but prove they do not know God.39
To reject Christ’s followers is to be out of tune with the Creator of the universe. Whether by
indifference, open dislike, or outright persecution, those who oppose God, His will, and His
ways are doomed to ultimate failure. Apart from God’s gracious intervention and personal
repentance, opposition to Christ ends in eternal tragedy.40
The World’s Guilt – 15:22-25

No Excuse – 15:22-24
Those who deny clear, confirmed, convincing, and convicting evidence are judged guilty. Fulfilling
prophecy, Jesus came to earth humbly, loved lavishly, taught boldly, healed miraculously, mentored
wisely, lived perfectly, and served sacrificially. Overwhelming proof validates Jesus as God’s Son.
Yet many, especially most of Israel’s religious leaders, refused to believe. Hatred of Jesus, God the
Son, is hatred of God the Father. Treating Jesus as irrelevant equates with rejecting God Himself.
If Jesus had not “done among them the works no one else did,” those listening might have been
excused for dismissing Jesus as a charlatan or false prophet. However, Jesus gave those who
heard, saw, experienced, and engaged with Him valid reasons for reasonable faith. Only faith in
Jesus provides escape from sin’s guilt.
Persecution Prophesied – 15:25

The Old Testament foretold the world’s rejection of Jesus and His representatives.41
Throughout history, opposition to God and His people foreshadowed the culminating hostility
that would fall on God’s only Son and His followers. God saves believers and sanctifies them to
do good works that bring God glory and draw others to Him. However, this faithful witness also
triggers the world’s outrage. Jesus is clear: When believers love like Jesus loved, they will be
hated as He was hated. The presence of such opposition should never surprise or annoy us.42
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Christians are like branches that draw their life from the vine. This intimate union allows
Jesus’s love, joy, wisdom, and purpose to flow into His children through the Holy Spirit. This
38. Servant and master: John 13:14-17
39. Rejecting Christ: Psalm 14:1
40. Eternal tragedy: Psalm 2:1-6, 10-12; John 3:18
41. Hostility foretold: Psalm 35:19; 69:4
42. Prepared for opposition: 1 Peter 3:13-17

illuminating power enables believers to shine Jesus’s light into the dark world and draw others
to Him. Abiding in Christ yields a flourishing life and the fruit of salvation. Though separated
from Jesus physically, this intimate union comforts believers and empowers them to produce
much fruit for God’s glory.
Christ’s ways run counter to the world’s ways. Therefore, a flourishing Christian life in this fallen
world is also a persecuted life. The world that hated Jesus will also subtly or overtly hate those
who follow Him. However, there is no reason to despair. Any temporary suffering or sorrow for
Christ’s sake cannot compare with a believer’s ultimate destination. Believers set their sights on
Jesus’s return. Until then, God calls, commands, and equips His children to point to Christ.
Apply It
Remaining or abiding in Christ means living in faith and constant dependence on Him.43
Jesus’s teaching about the vine and branches beautifully illustrates the life-giving flow of the
Holy Spirit’s transformative power into each believer. God gives His children the desire and
strength to live fruit-filled, God-glorifying lives.44 Remnants of self-exertion and self-sufficiency
run counter to the flourishing life of intimate fellowship with Christ that God intends for us.
Focusing on our own abilities and emotions when we speak or make decisions stifles our
ability to bear fruit for Jesus. Jesus’s disciples bear much fruit by remaining in Him. Are you
increasingly dependent on the life of Christ within you? A life of faith-filled dependence on God
allows you to experience the highest possible purpose for humanity and your life.
We might easily pray, “Lord, make me more fruitful!” However, God’s answer to this prayer
usually involves pruning—ouch! In essence, we need God to cut away anything that hinders
our spiritual progress. As we grow in faith, we learn that God’s glory matters more than our
comfort. How willing are you to pray, “Lord, let me not hold anything dear that You see fit to
remove?” God lovingly and strategically exposes our idols, weakness, and self-will to lead us
to trust Him more. God allows short-term discomfort to lead us to greater fruitfulness and
spiritual growth. Do you welcome or resist the Lord’s pruning? How has God removed comfort,
familiar circumstances, easy answers, financial resources, unhealthy relationships, or pet sins
so you would draw life from Him alone? In what painful situation can you trust God’s bigger
plan for you to bear more fruit for Him?
Prepare for opposition and even persecution as you abide in Christ. The world wants nothing to
do with Jesus Christ and will persecute those who belong to Him. The closer your communion
with the Lord, the more you should expect some level of opposition. Mockery often comes first.
Then comes isolation. Christians lose promotions or are demoted for refusing to participate
in dishonest practices. Christian groups are disallowed from gathering in public spaces.
Businesses with Christian values are boycotted. Some believers are ostracized or cast out
of their families. Many face danger and death. An unfavorable response to overtly offensive
behavior by a Christian should not be considered opposition. However, God comforts those
who are persecuted as a result of loyalty to Jesus. When persecution comes, how can you be
comforted by recognizing your identity in Christ? The Savior who suffered for you will be with
you and in you when you suffer for Him.45
43. Faithful living: Habakkuk 2:4; Romans 1:17
44. Desire and power: Philippians 2:13
45. Persecution: Matthew 5:10-12; Acts 5:17-41; Romans 5:3-5; 1 Peter 4:14; James 1:2-4, 12
JOHN: LESSON 21
The Holy LESSON

SCRIPTURE
Spirit's Ministry JOHN

15:26–16:33
Lesson Questions
1. How did the lecture help you better understand drawing life from Christ, the Vine?
2. What truth or application from the notes challenged or encouraged you regarding the
adversities or blessings of living for Christ?
Second Day: Read John 15:26–16:7.

Jesus promised the Holy Spirit’s power within believers to testify for Christ in a world that rejects Him.
3. a. From 15:26-27, what titles did Jesus give for the Holy Spirit? What does each one reveal
about His work?
b. How do these verses reveal the unity of work and purpose within the Trinity?
Lesson 21 | 291
4. a. From 16:1-4, describe the persecution the disciples would face and the attitude of
their persecutors.
b. How might believers today prepare for persecution?
c. What does Jesus’s warning reveal about His heart for believers?
5. a. What encouraging message did Jesus offer His grieving disciples in 16:5-7?
b. When has God met you in grief or a struggle? How has He guided you to see His
bigger plan?

The Holy Spirit convicts the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment.
6. Use the verses listed to discuss how the Holy Spirit proves “the world to be in the wrong ...”
a. About sin (John 3:19-21; Romans 3:23)
b. About righteousness (Isaiah 64:6; Romans 3:19-20)
c. About judgment (John 3:36; Ephesians 2:1-3)
292 | Lesson 21
7. a. Why must God’s Spirit awaken human hearts to recognize these important truths?
(See also 1 Corinthians 2:14 and 2 Corinthians 4:4.)
b. How does the Holy Spirit’s work in the world give you confidence to share the gospel?
c. Who do you know who does not know Jesus and how will you pray on their behalf?

Jesus encouraged His disciples by promising the Holy Spirit’s illumination of God’s truth.
8. From these verses, list the specific ways Jesus said the Holy Spirit will help believers.
9. How do you see the unity of the Father, Son, and Spirit at work to accomplish God’s
purposes in the world?
10. Explain how the Holy Spirit helps believers study God’s Word. With what do you most need
help today?

Jesus promised His disciples that their grief would turn to joy.
11. a. From verses 16-18, what did Jesus say that left His disciples confused?

b. How did Jesus respond to their dismay and what illustration did He give?
c. To what was Jesus referring in verse 22? Note: Faithful believers have different opinions
about this.
12. a. Describe the promise Jesus gave the disciples in verses 25-28.
b. What did the disciples profess upon hearing Jesus’s words?
c. In what way does faith in what God knows help you find peace in what you cannot
understand?
13. For what situations do Jesus’s words in verse 33 give you hope and strength today?

The Holy Spirit convicts the world and leads believers to triumph.
14. How did God speak to you this week through Jesus’s comforting words to His beloved
disciples?
John 15:26–16:33

294 | Lesson 21
Lecture Notes

Lesson 21 Notes
John 15:26–16:33
Focus Verse
“But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. He will not speak on
his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come.” (John 16:13)
Outline
● The Spirit’s Work – John 15:26–16:15
● The Believer’s Triumph – John 16:16-33
Engage
Life can be surprisingly difficult to interpret. Sometimes what feels really bad yields a
positive outcome we did not anticipate. Conversely, what seems good initially can have
hidden pitfalls. Amid unexpected trouble, we often experience surprising strength as well
as sustaining support from others. The truth be told, we evaluate our circumstances with
very limited insight. What should we do when we are overcome by sadness or confusion?
Why does life seem to be more often hard than easy? How can we know whether there is a
higher purpose for our present circumstances?
Jesus looked around the upper room at stunned faces as He prepared His disciples for His
death and departure. Jesus’s disciples would go into the same hostile world that would
soon crucify Him. As they grieved this news and faced uncertain days ahead, Jesus offered
His beloved disciples hope that pervaded the shocking truth. He would leave, but the Holy
Spirit would come. Jesus explained that this was not just good, but better. God’s divine
presence would sustain His people and open blind eyes to see the truth. Jesus promised
overcoming peace for His children, no matter what they faced. He spoke hard truth but
also offered good news. The Holy Spirit convicts the world and leads believers to triumph.
God’s people are never alone.
The Spirit’s Work – John 15:26–16:15

John 13–17 records Jesus’s private instruction and prayer for His own. Gathered with His
beloved disciples, Jesus told them what they needed to know as His death and return to
heaven drew near. Jesus maximized His time with His friends. Though Jesus’s words felt
overwhelming at the time, the disciples would find comfort and direction when they looked
back and remembered all Jesus said.
296 | Lesson 21
What a power-packed time of instruction the disciples experienced! Jesus demonstrated and
called His disciples to selfless servanthood as He washed their feet.1 He predicted His betrayal2
and Peter’s denial.3 Jesus spoke words of comfort about heaven’s glories4 as He reminded His
beloved disciples that He had revealed the Father to them.5 Jesus would leave, but the Holy
Spirit would come to fill them with strength and power to carry on His mission.6 And—good
news! Jesus would one day return.7 Their fruitfulness would require continuously drawing life
from Him8 and would also ignite the world’s hatred.9 Jesus now spoke encouraging words
regarding the promised Holy Spirit.
The Promise of the Holy Spirit in Believers – 15:26–16:7

Jesus recognized the angst His disciples felt as they processed His words about the seething
hatred they would face. Once again, Jesus pointed with life-giving words to the person and
work of the Holy Spirit as the sustaining power and overcoming hope for His followers. They
would indeed feel grief but could also anticipate enduring joy.
The Testimony of the Holy Spirit – 15:26-27

Jesus’s words offer insight into the amazingly unified work within the Trinity: God the Father,
God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Jesus would send the Holy Spirit—the Spirit of truth
who would come from the Father to testify about Him. With this promise of the coming Holy
Spirit, Jesus also charged His disciples that they too would testify about Him because they had
walked with Him “from the beginning.”
The Provision of the Holy Spirit – 16:1-4

Everything Jesus taught His disciples prepared them for hard days ahead so they would not
fall away. Some would be put out of the synagogue, separated from worship and community
life. Others would sacrifice their physical lives to follow Jesus. Jesus explained the spiritual
delusion that would cause people who killed Jesus’s disciples to think they were serving God.
In reality, the people who would persecute them did not know God or His Son.
This stark warning sits between promises of the Holy Spirit’s provision and power at work
in Jesus’s followers. Times would be tough, but God’s own Spirit would provide strength. He
would sustain His people to stand for Him, come what may. Jesus seeded the raw truth about
future persecution with the unquenchable hope of the coming Holy Spirit.
The Coming of the Holy Spirit – 16:5-7

Jesus acknowledged the grief His disciples felt. They could not even bring themselves to ask,
“Where are you going?” Jesus shifted the focus from their painful loss as He said, “But very
1. Feet washing: John 13:1-17

2. Betrayal foretold: John 13:18-30
3. Peter’s denial foretold: John 13:38
4. The Father’s house: John 14:2-4
5. The Father revealed: John 14:5-12
6. The Holy Spirit: John 14:15-28
7. Jesus’s return: John 14:28-31
8. Remaining in Christ: John 15:1-17
9. World’s hatred: John 15:18-25

truly I tell you, it is for your good that I am going away.” Unless Jesus left, the Advocate, or
Holy Spirit, would not come.
God’s plans and purposes far surpass anything we can imagine. How could Jesus’s departure
be for their good? The disciples walked and talked with Jesus. They experienced His physical
presence and witnessed His power firsthand. Now, Jesus told them it was better for Him to
leave than to stay. Their current experience with Jesus required physical proximity. Yet a time
of farewell loomed unavoidably. Jesus taught and helped a limited number of people as He
walked on earth. However, something even better awaited—the indwelling Holy Spirit. God’s
power and presence will never leave His people.
The disciples could not yet grasp the wonder of the indwelling Spirit Jesus promised. Jesus’s
followers need the Holy Spirit’s power to accomplish the work He calls them to do. Only when
God instills life into dead hearts and minds can people recognize that “salvation is found in
no one else.”10 Without the Holy Spirit’s work, individuals cannot recognize their sinfulness or
believe that judgment awaits all who reject Jesus as Lord. The Holy Spirit’s indwelling work
within all who believe allows people everywhere to worship God and experience the wonder of
His presence.
The Work of the Holy Spirit in the World – 16:8-15

Convicting the World – 16:8-11
The Summary Statement – 16:8

Not only does the Holy Spirit work to strengthen and comfort God’s people, He also actively works
in the world of unbelievers to call people from sin’s bondage to salvation in Christ. The Holy Spirit
proves the world wrong in three interconnected areas: sin, righteousness, and judgment. The
Holy Spirit’s conviction involves bringing the awareness of personal guilt and leading individuals
to be convinced of the truth. The Holy Spirit first exposes the bad news about sin to reveal the
good news of salvation through Christ. Jesus’s words suggest a courtroom scene. The Advocate
who defends God’s people also prosecutes God’s case against those who disregard His Son.
The indwelling Holy Spirit convicts the world through believers’ transformed lives. He
empowers the witness of God’s people as He activates the power of God’s Word and the gospel
to call sinners to salvation in Christ. God’s people live and speak the truth; the Holy Spirit
convicts the world through the truth.
Conviction of Sin – 16:9

God’s Spirit actively accomplishes His purposes in the world. The Holy Spirit also convicts
individuals of their personal sin—the ways they have disregarded, disobeyed, and dishonored God,
their Creator. Sin has so infected humanity that no one loves or seeks God on their own.11 As a
result of this pervasive brokenness, every individual sins in thought, word, and deed. However, here
Jesus points to a particularly serious and eternally damaging sin—refusing to believe in Him.12 The
ultimate expression of sin is to reject Christ. To reject Jesus is to turn away from God.13
10. Salvation in Jesus alone: Acts 4:12

11. No one seeks God: Romans 3:10-18
12. Refusing to believe: John 15:22, 24
13. Rejecting God: John 5:23
298 | Lesson 21
Only the Holy Spirit can convict us of our accountability to God for our response to His Son.
While murder, lies, sexual sin, and other forms of evil hurt people and dishonor God, no sin
compares with turning away from Christ. To reject God’s amazing gift of love in offering His
Son to pay sin’s price14 represents the greatest of all sins and the root of all sinful behavior.
Conviction of Righteousness – 16:10

Conviction of sin closely relates to recognizing God’s standard of righteousness. God accepts
only the absolute, unblemished righteousness of His Son. The best human goodness can offer
falls short. Jesus alone lived a perfect human life and fulfilled God’s standard of untarnished
purity. Even a human life considered outwardly moral cannot rise to the level of perfection God
requires.15 The Holy Spirit convicts sinners by revealing that their own righteousness is like
filthy rags compared to the spotlessness God requires.16 The Holy Spirit reveals our deficit and
points to the Lord Jesus Christ—the only source of true righteousness.
Conviction of Judgment – 16:11

Guilty sinners stand in line for God’s judgment along with Satan, the condemned prince of this
world. Scripture and Jesus Himself validate the power, personality, and future punishment of
Satan.17 To resist the Holy Spirit’s conviction regarding Christ and His righteousness is to await
God’s coming judgment. Everyone who follows Satan’s ways will share in his condemnation.18
Only the Holy Spirit can convince an earthbound mind about future accountability and
judgment before Holy God. Most people reject the concept of eternal judgment because they
fail to understand the seriousness of sin and the splendor of God’s perfect righteousness. Praise
be to the God who has already judged the prince of this world! Through the judgment Jesus bore
on the cross, God has stripped the evil one of his dominion over all who believe in Christ.
Guiding Believers – 16:12-15

Jesus instructed His disciples with sensitivity to how much truth they could presently grasp.
The full weight of the Lord’s words exceeded the disciples’ present receptivity. Their capacity to
comprehend God’s purposes and plans would enlarge after Pentecost when the Holy Spirit came
to live within all who put their trust in Jesus. Like a physician who determines the correct dosage
of medicine, the Holy Spirit reveals eternal truth in increments that facilitate our spiritual growth.
Jesus offered His remaining 11 disciples certain hope about their future understanding. He
said, “But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. He will not
speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come.”
The Holy Spirit would lead the currently floundering disciples into all truth. These very men
would emerge to write words of Scripture that rose, not from their thoughts, but from the
very mind of God.19 They would understand the significance of the Old Testament teaching
concerning the Messiah.20 The Holy Spirit would guide these men to write with God’s authority,
even about things still future to us.21
14. Jesus died for sinners: John 3:16-18; Romans 5:6-8; 8:32-34
15. Inadequate human righteousness: Romans 3:23; 10:2-4; Philippians 3:4-9
16. Filthy rags: Isaiah 64:6
17. Satan: Job 1–2; Matthew 13:38-39; John 8:44; 12:31; 14:30; James 4:7; 1 Peter 5:8-9
18. Satan's ways and judgment: Ephesians 2:1-2; 1 John 5:19; Revelation 20:7-15
19. God-breathed: 2 Timothy 3:16
20. Old Testament teaching: Luke 24:27, 44-49
21. Future promises: 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17; 2 Peter 1:19-20; 3:9-13; Revelation 1:10; 4:2

Believers today stand on these promises as the Holy Spirit leads them into truth through the
Scriptures He inspired. This guidance by the Holy Spirit is called “illumination.” The Spirit
shines His light so believers can understand what even the Old Testament prophets could not
fully absorb.22 Through the Holy Spirit’s guidance, we grasp the truth about our own sinfulness.
We also find ourselves in utter awe of Jesus, His power, and His grace. The Spirit of truth
empowers believers to respond in faith, love, and obedience to the Lord.
The Holy Spirit does not seek His own glory but always points to Jesus. He shares God’s mind
and heart with believers. Jesus is glorified as the Holy Spirit reveals God’s majesty and life-
giving words to us and makes the infinite love and glorious character of the Father known.23
The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are fully God and equally worthy of worship.
The Believer’s Triumph – John 16:16-33

Jesus intentionally turned His disciples’ focus from their devastating loss to the overcoming
victory ahead. With His arrest and execution drawing near, Jesus gave hope beyond the heartache.
The Disciples’ Confusion – 16:16-19

Jesus’s statement in verse 16 seems intentionally puzzling: “In a little while you will see
me no more, and then after a little while you will see me.” What did Jesus mean? Three
explanations are typically offered:
● An immediate fulfillment—Jesus’s cross, death, and resurrection
● A later fulfillment—Jesus’s ascension to heaven followed by the coming of the Holy

Spirit at Pentecost
● A future fulfillment—Jesus’s return to heaven at His ascension followed by His

second coming
Whether Jesus meant one or all these explanations, His disciples were left confused by His
statement. They questioned one another about what Jesus meant. They had not anticipated
Jesus’s suffering and could not grasp the concept of resurrection. Knowing their hesitancy to
ask Him directly, Jesus stepped in and candidly addressed their confusion.
The Disciples’ Sorrow – 16:20-22

The Explanation – 16:20
Jesus offered another emphatic statement when He said, “Very truly I tell you, you will weep
and mourn while the world rejoices. You will grieve, but your grief will be turned to joy.” Great
disparity would emerge between the world’s glee and the disciples’ grief. When Jesus died, the
disciples would weep and mourn while the world rejoiced. The Jewish leaders would think they
had eliminated Jesus and silenced His voice. Believers today also experience present sorrow
while they await eternity’s joy.
22. Messianic prophecies: 1 Peter 1:10-12

23. The Father made known: Romans 5:5; Ephesians 1:17-19; 1 John 3:24
300 | Lesson 21
The Three-in-One God
The Doctrine of the Trinity
In some ways, trying to explain the Trinity is like describing the beauty of a rainbow to
someone who is colorblind. We can state the facts, but the full spectrum of color remains
beyond our ability to grasp. All illustrations fall short in capturing the innermost nature
of God’s very being in human terms. Our glorious triune God is infinite; the most brilliant
human mind is finite. The Old Testament presented shadows of this doctrine1 that become
clearer in the New Testament. The incarnation of the Son2 and the coming of the Holy
Spirit3 reveal the triune God—three-in-one.
The best approach to the mysterious truth about unity and distinct persons within the
Godhead is to simply accept what the Bible teaches. Scripture clearly reveals there is one
God who exists in three persons who are equally God. The passage we are studying this
week offers a glimpse of the harmony and unity of purpose that God has ordained within
Himself. John 15:26 explains that Jesus asked the Father to send the Spirit, who reveals
the Son and glorifies God. John 16:12-15 tells us that the “Spirit of truth” speaks only what
He hears from the Father as He reveals what belongs to the Son. This intricate, cooperative
unity confounds and amazes us.
Our ability to explain the fullness of God’s revelation does not determine the validity
of that truth. Much of what God reveals cannot be fully contained in human language
or thoughts. To dismiss the doctrine of the Trinity due to its mysterious complexity
represents a grave loss. If God’s person, work, and ways can be confined by our limited
minds, He is no different than we are. The fullness of God’s person represents the totality
of His work and the immeasurable glory due Him. God is to be humbly worshiped more
than fully explained.
How can we experience the blessing of a God who exceeds us in every way? We look to
the Father and praise His power, majesty, and eternal plan for humanity. We praise the Son
for His sacrificial death and victory over sin on our behalf. We seek the internal witness of
the Holy Spirit to reveal truth we would otherwise miss or dismiss and rely on His power to
witness and live for Christ. The three persons of the Trinity work together on our behalf
and to the eternal glory of God. Praise be to God—three yet one!
1. Old Testament shadows: Genesis 1:2, 26-27; 16:9-13; 22:15-18; Exodus 3:2-6; Deuteronomy 6:4; Judges 13:17-23;
Isaiah 6:8; Zechariah 3
2. Incarnation of the Son: Matthew 1:18-20; 3:16-17; 17:5; Luke 1:35
3. Holy Spirit’s coming: Acts 2:1-13

The Illustration – 16:21
In God’s hands, sorrow becomes purposeful. Jesus equated the disciples’ coming trouble with
the pain of childbirth. A mother experiences acute suffering that quickly fades when she holds
her newborn baby. The joy does not erase the pain but makes the toil more than worth the
sacrifice.24 Similarly, the Lord’s suffering would accomplish much—the birth of His Church as
the fruit of His sacrifice.
Sorrow regularly invades our lives in this world. Believers indeed feel pain but need not merely
grit their teeth and endure stoically. Temporary suffering affords the opportunity to taste and
see God’s goodness.25 We ask for God’s grace to keep our eyes on Him and the joy to come.26
This world’s sorrow will pass, but a believer’s joy lasts forever.
The Exultation – 16:22

The disciples would face a time of pain as Jesus went to the cross. But Jesus would rise from
the dead, and they would experience joy that no one could steal. The joy God gives finds its
source in eternal victory, not temporary pain.
Because Jesus The Disciples’ Powerful Prayer – 16:23-28

has overcome Jesus stood among His disciples and answered their questions directly. Soon,
the world, we too He would be gone. “In that day” they would take their requests directly to the
can take heart, Father in Jesus’s name. Through Spirit-led prayer, they would ask of God,
even in times of receive from God, and experience unprecedented joy. Jesus’s disciples would
great trouble or experience greater blessing, understanding, and power when He returned to His
uncertainty. Father. They awaited full communion with the God who loved them.
The Disciples’ Rising Faith – 16:29-30

At this point, the disciples professed their growing faith in Jesus and His complete knowledge.
They did not fully understand everything Jesus explained or comprehend their own weakness, but
they fully trusted Jesus and His promises.
The Disciples’ Prevailing Peace – 16:31-33

Jesus reminded His disciples of the coming time when they would scatter and leave Him. Despite
their apparent desertion, Jesus was not alone—His Father was with Him. Jesus concluded His
intimate words to His faithful followers with a call to peace when they encountered the trauma
He foretold. Jesus assured them, “In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have
overcome the world.” Jesus set out to fulfill His purpose for the world through His people. What
He said then remains true today. Because Jesus has overcome the world, we too can take heart,
even in times of great trouble or uncertainty.
24. Joy beyond pain: Psalm 22:22-31; Isaiah 53:10-12

25. God’s goodness: Psalm 23:6; 27:13; 34:8; 69:16
26. Eyes on Christ: Hebrews 12:1-3; Revelation 2:10-11
302 | Lesson 21
Jesus invested in His disciples with hard news and deep encouragement. He was leaving, but
the Holy Spirit was coming. They would experience deep grief that would turn to joy. Jesus was
not alone in His suffering, and they would not be alone as His messengers on earth. The triune
God would continue His work on earth when Jesus returned to heaven. The Holy Spirit convicts
the world and leads believers to triumph.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus continued His purposeful instruction for His inner circle of disciples as He prepared for
the cross. He recognized their confusion and sorrow as the reality of coming events, including
His impending departure, hit home. Jesus would suffer, die, and return to His Father. His
disciples would represent Jesus in the same hostile world that hated and killed their Master.
Jesus’s disciples would not be alone. The Holy Spirit would bring strength, reveal truth, and fill
them with overcoming joy.
Jesus directly addressed the uncertainty that paralyzed His disciples. The Holy Spirit would
make their work in His name effective. They would be empowered from within by God’s own
Spirit. Unbelievers would recognize the seriousness of the spiritual condition by the Holy Spirit’s
convicting power. Victory would replace seeming defeat. Their sadness would turn to joy. The
future was certain because God’s power and plans would prevail as Jesus embraced His
God-given destiny.
Apply It
Jesus weighed His words to His disciples as He purposefully chose what to reveal and what to
conceal. He knew what they most needed to hear. Jesus understood that much of what He told
them would only make sense later. As growing believers, we cannot fully absorb everything we
need to know about God, His Word, our lives, and eternity all at once. The indwelling Holy Spirit
dispenses timely truth and understanding to every believer. When have you read a passage
and understood truth you previously overlooked? How has the Holy Spirit gently and carefully
convicted you of sin in a timely way? How is He calling you to specific obedience? God knows
everything. When we face something in our lives or His Word that we cannot fully comprehend,
we can trust God to reveal what we most need to know. We also face many situations that will
only make sense later. How will you trust God to illuminate His truth and strengthen your faith?
What might it look like for you to obey what you do know and trust God with what you do not
fully understand?
Without the Holy Spirit’s intervention, sinful people cannot recognize their need for salvation.
People who come to Jesus in faith receive eternal salvation as the Holy Spirit illuminates truth
and transforms their hearts. No one understands the gospel or turns to Christ just because
they heard a well-presented explanation. Dead hearts only come alive and understand God’s
truth when the Holy Spirit accomplishes what human coercion cannot. How does this give you
courage to share the gospel? Trusting God to do what only He can do frees you to trust His

work more than your words. The fact that God alone sparks spiritual life makes seeing others
come to faith a possibility. The sorrow of the world’s rejection fades when one sinner comes to
faith in Christ. How have you experienced this joy?
Does this world’s seemingly perpetual hardship ever leave you discouraged? By God’s grace,
believers do not look to this world for joy and purpose. Jesus pointed His saddened disciples
to the overcoming peace and joy that would follow their sorrow. In many ways, this world’s
pain makes us yearn for eternity’s glory. Jesus suffered to bring eternal deliverance from sin’s
penalty, power, and, eventually, its presence. What are you facing today that makes you feel
overwhelmed or uncertain? What truth about God’s eternal plan gives you needed perspective?
The joy believers experience does not depend on the removal of obstacles or constant feelings
of happiness. God’s peace and joy looks beyond today’s trouble to embrace eternity’s victory.
How will you “take heart” as you trust God and His unstoppable plan?
JOHN: LESSON 22
Jesus’s Intimate LESSON
Prayer to His Father

SCRIPTURE
JOHN 17
Lesson Questions
1. In what way did the lecture help you better understand the person and work of the Holy Spirit?
2. How did the notes challenge or encourage you in specific ways this week?

Jesus prayed for Himself and God’s glory.
3. a. What does “glorify” mean? How can believers glorify God? (See also 1 Chronicles 16:28-29;
Psalm 103:17-18; and John 14:15.)
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b. What did you learn from verses 1-5 about why Jesus asked His Father to glorify Him?
4. a. What is the difference between knowing about Jesus and knowing Jesus personally?
(See also Matthew 7:21-23 and John 10:14, 27-29.)
b. How does Jesus’s definition of eternal life motivate your life and work today?
5. Describe the glory Jesus had as God the Son before the world began and His glory upon
returning to His Father. (See also John 1:1-3; Philippians 2:6-11; and Hebrews 1:1-3.)

Jesus expressed delight in His disciples through prayer.
6. From verse 6, what truths did Jesus affirm about His disciples?
7. a. How did glory come to Jesus through His disciples?
b. How might these verses help you seek Jesus’s glory in your daily life? (See also
2 Corinthians 3:18; Ephesians 1:11-13; and 1 Peter 1:6-7.)
306 | Lesson 22
Jesus prayed specific requests for His disciples.
8. List the specific requests Jesus prayed for His disciples.
9. a. What did Jesus mean when He said He and His disciples were “not of the world”?
(See also Romans 12:1-2 and 1 Peter 1:14-16.)
b. In what area of your life might worldliness be seeping in? What is God leading you to do
about this?
10. a. What does it mean to be sanctified? (See also 1 Thessalonians 5:23 and
2 Thessalonians 2:13.)
b. From verse 17, how are believers sanctified by truth?
c. From your study so far this year, what truth has God used to build your faith and how?

Jesus prayed for all believers.
11. a. What specific requests and truths did Jesus pray for all future believers?

b. Which of these requests is most meaningful or encouraging to you?
c. How has Jesus’s prayer been answered in your life?
12. a. Why is a believer’s unity with God and with other believers such a powerful witness to
the world? (See also Ephesians 4:3-6.)
b. In what situation have you experienced the powerful impact of the unity of God’s people?
13. How might this passage help you pray for yourself, your family, your church, or others?

Jesus passionately seeks God’s glory and the good of His people.
14. What impressed you about Jesus’s heart for His people through His prayer in John 17?

308 | Lesson 22
Lecture Notes

Lesson 22 Notes
John 17
Focus Verse
“Now this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you
have sent.” (John 17:3)
Outline
● Jesus Prayed for Himself – John 17:1-5
● Jesus Prayed for His Disciples – John 17:6-19
● Jesus Prayed for Future Believers – John 17:20-26
Engage
How could we describe God’s heart? If the heart refers to the central part of a person, the
essence of their being—their thoughts, feelings, character, and inclinations—then what is
God’s heart? What does God desire most? What is His will, and what are His intentions?
While all of God’s Word reveals God’s heart, some passages do so most explicitly. In
John 17, Jesus shares His Father’s heart for humankind and seeks God’s glory above all
else. God’s heart for His people pours from the pages of this text.
In John 17, we gain privileged access to a heart-to-heart conversation between the Father
and the Son. The words of this intimate conversation within the Godhead disclose majestic
purposes too grand for us to fully understand. As Jesus prepared to leave this world, He
turned to His Father in prayer for Himself, His disciples, and all future believers throughout
history. Jesus’s prayer reveals the deepest desires of His heart: He wants His people to
know the fullness of fellowship and unity with Him and one another. Jesus passionately
seeks God’s glory and the good of His people. His profound prayer displays the depths of
His love.
Jesus Prayed for Himself – John 17:1-5

With His crucifixion only one day away, Jesus spent His last hours with those He loved most
dearly—His disciples. He prepared them for the crushing reality of His impending death and
departure, then concluded their time together in prayer. John 17 reveals Jesus’s intimate and
passionate prayer to His Father for Himself and His beloved followers.
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His Desire for God’s Glory – 17:1
After His sober warning about this world’s trouble, Jesus turned to His Father in heartfelt
prayer. Undoubtedly, the reality of the cross loomed large in His mind. Jesus made one
central request of God for Himself. He prayed, “Father, the hour has come. Glorify your Son,
that your Son may glorify you.” On the verge of His agonizing crucifixion, Jesus’s primary
concern remained for God’s glory. Every intent, motive, action, and impact of Jesus’s life
and ministry sought God’s glory. The same would be true in His death as well. But what is
God’s glory? God’s glory is revealed when His essential worth and character are expressed
or made evident. To glorify God is to recognize and acknowledge God for who He really is
and to respond appropriately. Jesus’s highest priority in life and death was to honor God by
displaying His worth and character to the world.
His Authority to Grant Eternal Life – 17:2-3

Jesus elaborated further on His reasons for requesting to be glorified. He recognized that
God had granted Him authority to bestow eternal life to all those the Father had given to Him.1
Before the foundation of the world, the Father granted the Son universal authority over all
people. Jesus alone has the right to give the gift of eternal life.
What is eternal life? Jesus tells us: “Now this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true
God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent.” Eternal life requires more than mere knowledge
of the Bible or an emotional experience at church. Eternal life involves a person-to-person
relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ. Individuals who personally encounter Holy
God become keenly aware of their own sin and desperate need for a Savior. God transforms
those who turn to Him by the Holy Spirit’s enabling power working within them. People who
receive eternal life begin living an entirely new quality of life in relationship with God—fully
loved, accepted, and in close, unhindered communion with the God of the universe. To know
God, the life-giver, in this way allows people to constantly experience God’s vibrant presence—
today and for eternity.
His Commitment to Finish God’s Work – 17:4

Jesus also glorified God by completing the work the Father sent Him to earth to accomplish.
Jesus’s primary work included offering Himself on the cross to atone for humanity’s sin. Jesus
prayed with such certainty about finishing this still-future work that He spoke of it as if it were
already accomplished. Jesus’s death on the cross would bring God glory by revealing God’s
attributes to the world. The cross of Jesus Christ displays the pinnacle of God’s perfect justice,
righteousness, holiness, sovereignty, wisdom, and love.
His Longing to Return to the Father – 17:5

Jesus’s final prayer request for Himself reveals His longing to return to His Father. He prayed,
“Glorify me in your presence with the glory I had with you before the world began.” God the Son
had possessed the full glory of the Trinity equally with the Father and the Spirit since before
1. Authority given: Matthew 28:18-19; John 17:2, 6, 9, 24

creation.2 The Son does not and cannot change. He is eternal God. At His incarnation, Jesus
voluntarily took upon Himself full humanity without compromising His deity. He did not cling to
His divine rights and exalted position when He entered this world as Jesus of Nazareth—fully
man and fully God forever.3
As Jesus’s work on earth neared completion, He eagerly anticipated His return to the Father.
Jesus would return not only as God but also as glorified man—forever. Today Jesus sits at the
right hand of the Father,4 interceding on our behalf.5
Jesus Prayed for His Disciples – John 17:6-19

The remainder of Jesus’s prayer focused on His followers. First He prayed for His disciples.
Then He prayed for all future believers throughout history, which includes you if you have
trusted in Christ. While on earth and now from heaven, Jesus tenderly carries His own in
His heart. He knows and loves all whom the Father has given to Him. Jesus “always lives to
intercede” on behalf of every believer.6
The Ones Jesus Loves – 17:6-10

People Given by the Father – 17:6
Before praying specific requests for His disciples, Jesus affirmed four truths about them.
● They belonged to the Father.
● The Father gave them to Him.
● He revealed the Father to them.
● They obeyed His Word.
Jesus placed infinite worth on His disciples because they were a gift from His loving Father.
He sets the same value on everyone who comes to Him for salvation.
People of Confident Faith – 17:7-8

Jesus reiterated the certainty that His disciples belonged to Him. Jesus revealed God and His
words to them throughout their time together. Without a doubt, the disciples belonged to Jesus
because they heard God’s words, believed, and obeyed.
God’s living and active words7 arise from His authority as Creator of the universe. Only His
words are powerful enough to save.8 Like the disciples, all who hear God’s words and actively
believe in Christ have the confident assurance of eternal life.
2. Equal with Father and Spirit: Genesis 1:1-2; John 1:1-2

3. Jesus’s condescension: Philippians 2:6-11
4. Sits at the right hand of the Father: Mark 16:19; Hebrews 1:3; 10:12; 12:2
5. Interceding on our behalf: Romans 8:34
6. Lives to intercede: Hebrews 7:25
7. Living and active: Hebrews 4:12
8. God’s words powerful to save: 1 Peter 1:23
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People Who Bring Him Glory – 17:9-10
Jesus clarified further that the disciples for whom He prayed belonged to His Father—not to
this world. He also declared, “Glory has come to me through them.” How had the disciples
glorified Jesus? They simply believed Jesus was who He said He was—the Messiah, the Son of
God. Two thousand years later, God continues to draw people to Himself through the disciples’
testimony. How wonderful to realize that when we believe in Jesus, we can give God glory,
sinful though we are. Jesus values us not for what we do but for what He has done and will do
in and through us. Jesus not only accepts those who believe in Him but considers them His
treasured and precious possession.
The Requests Jesus Prayed – 17:11-19 Jesus not only

For 33 years, Jesus experienced hatred, rejection, and powerful temptations. accepts those
Now He would return to heaven and the full joy of His Father’s presence. who believe in
However, His dearest friends would remain in the world. Jesus made two Him but considers
requests of the Father for His disciples as they faced the new reality of life them His treasured
without His physical presence. and precious
possession.
Protection – 17:11-16
First Jesus prayed for His disciples’ protection. He prayed specifically that the Father would
protect them by the power of His name. “God’s name” speaks of the sum of God’s attributes—
everything Scripture reveals about His beautiful character. Jesus placed His friends into the
care of God’s powerful name.
Jesus prayed for His disciples’ protection so that they might be one, even as He and His
Father are one. Their unity would form the bond of their safekeeping. The thought of oneness
runs throughout Jesus’s prayer. However, true Christian unity is not uniformity. Jesus did not
pray that His followers would dress the same, enjoy the same music, or support the same
political leaders. The organic bond of Christian unity is rooted in Jesus Himself and represents
a defining mark of His Church. Believers are members of one body, indwelt by one Spirit, and
called to one hope and one faith under the leadership of one Lord—Christ Jesus.9
Jesus prayed for His disciples’ protection from sin and Satan—this world’s gravest dangers.
Jesus did not ask the Father to remove them from the world, where sin and Satan run rampant.
In fact, Jesus’s prayer assumes His people will be engaged to live effectively in the world rather
than isolated from it. God strategically positions believers to shine His light into the world.10
God leaves His beloved children in a hostile world because He loves that world. Sin and Satan
remain real, present threats to heaven’s citizens while they are living on earth. Satan strives
to limit the impact of God’s people by creating disunity and eroding their faith. However, God
securely holds and keeps His loved ones firm in Christ until the very end.11
We cannot conquer Satan’s subtle and conniving strategies on our own. God’s sufficient grace
sustains the loving loyalty of His children to Him and one another. If you are a believer, you can
9. Christian unity: Ephesians 4:3-6

10. Shining light: Matthew 5:16
11. Kept in Christ: John 10:29; Ephesians 1:13-14; Philippians 1:6; 2 Timothy 1:12

trust God for the power to faithfully obey His Word. God has made Himself responsible for
keeping a believer’s faith in Christ immovably firm. We may struggle with doubt while navigating
life in this world, but every believer remains eternally safe in Christ.12
Sanctification – 17:17-19
Second, Jesus prayed for His disciples’ sanctification. With great clarity, Jesus pronounced,
“Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth.” The truth God has declared in His Word
sanctifies or sets God’s people apart to love and seek Him. God’s Word teaches, rebukes,
corrects, and trains in righteousness, equipping believers to serve God and others.13 Just as the
Father sent Jesus into the world, Jesus now sent His disciples into the world.
The disciples needed the Holy Spirit’s power in their lives to see others come to faith in Christ.
God works within His people all that He requires of His people. By God’s grace and the Spirit’s
enabling, the disciples would grow in personal holiness. Sanctified by God and His truth, the
gospel would go out to the world.
Jesus Prayed for Future Believers – John 17:20-28

Finally, Jesus prayed for all future believers throughout history. Just as He had prayed for His
disciples, Jesus made two requests of the Father for all believers.
The Requests within Jesus’s Prayer – 17:20-24

Unity – 17:21-23
Jesus prayed that all believers—past, present, and future—would be one. True Christian unity
cuts across time, space, and perceived human barriers. Believers in the 21st century unite in
heart and faith with the likes of Peter, John, and all of Jesus’s first-century disciples. Eternal
cords unite believers to Christ and bind them to one another. Jesus concluded that this
oneness expressed among believers would cause the world to know Him and His love for all
people. The unity God intends for His people should be sought, protected, and preserved for the
sake of the Church’s witness to a watching world.
Eternal Fellowship with Jesus – 17:24

Jesus began His prayer in verse 1 with a request for God’s glory. His final request expressed a
similar desire: “I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, and to see my glory,
the glory you have given me.” Jesus’s final request before His crucifixion—essentially His
last will and testament—was to be with His children and for them to see His glory. This verse
depicts the only recorded time Jesus used the phrase “I want” with His Father. Jesus’s heart’s
desire is to be with those who belong to Him. And as John later wrote, when we see Him, “we
shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is.”14
12. Safe in Christ: Romans 8:1, 38-39

13. God’s Word: Psalm 119; 2 Timothy 3:16-17
14. See Him as He is: 1 John 3:2
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Personal Conversation with Almighty God
The Doctrine of Prayer
We often complicate the idea of prayer. Does God expect perfect words, a serene setting,
a strategically planned list, or a scheduled appointment when we pray? What if we are
struggling to know what to say, fighting a bad attitude, or battling temptation? Most simply,
prayer is talking with God. The God who knows everything listens to what we tell Him. The
God who cannot be contained by space or time meets us wherever we are. The God of all
power hears us and can help us. Because of Jesus’s sacrifice, every believer enjoys open
access to God and a restored relationship with Him. We can talk to God in prayer, and He
wants to hear from us. How amazing!
When we pray, all three persons of the Godhead participate. We pray to God the Father1
through the Lord Jesus Christ and because of His atoning sacrifice.2 We pray to and through
Jesus, who lived as a man and understands our weaknesses, though He never sinned.3
Amazingly, Jesus remains at the right hand of the Father as our intercessor.4 Our prayers are
also offered through the power of the Holy Spirit.5 In fact, when we do not know what to pray
or lack the strength to even speak, the Holy Spirit intercedes for us.6 We call on the Holy Spirit
to fill us with God’s power when we struggle, and we seek the Spirit’s illumination as we study
Scripture. God’s presence and power work on behalf of His people when they pray.
What is lost in this life if we ignore or reject God’s gift of prayer? When we fail to pray, we
fail to believe that God cares, listens, or can do anything to help us. We disregard who
He has revealed Himself to be. Without deliberate words that pierce through this world’s
cares to reach for heaven’s hope, we are left with only short-term solutions and a limited
perspective on life. Without talking and listening to God, a million confusing voices echo
around us. We miss the opportunity to seek truth from our Creator, the author of truth.
We bow before a God who knows our struggles and cares about us. He hears us when we
pray. He has the power and purpose to accomplish the greatest good in every situation.
Prayer puts a believer in the posture of seeking God and recognizing His exalted status.
God does not seek our eloquence—He longs for our hearts. If Jesus, God’s Son, regularly
sought time alone to speak with His Father, shouldn’t we?
1. Prayer to the Father: Ephesians 1:17; 3:14
2. Prayer through the Son: Romans 1:8; 5:1-2; Colossians 3:17
3. Jesus understands our weakness: Hebrews 2:17; 4:15; Acts 7:59
4. Jesus’s intercession: Romans 8:34
5. Prayer through the Spirit: Ephesians 6:18; Jude 1:20
6. Spirit’s intercession: Romans 8:26-27

The Resolve Behind Jesus’s Prayer – 17:25-26
Jesus concluded His prayer with a summary. Jesus and His followers know the Father.
However, the world cannot know the Father apart from knowing Jesus. Jesus Christ is the only
way to God.15 He came to earth to make the Father known. By His indwelling Holy Spirit working
in and through every believer, He will continue to make the Father known. Why? Jesus prayed,
“in order that the love you have for me may be in them and that I myself may be in them.” Love
represents the defining mark of Jesus’s followers. The intimate love that unites the Father and
the Son extends to all believers as God pours out His love in our hearts through His Spirit.16 Our
awareness of God’s love displays the highest answer to Jesus’s prayer for us.
Jesus’s prayer revealed His heart for God and His people. He did not pray for His own safety or
comfort. Jesus’s prayer revealed His highest priorities. He remained steadfast in His desire to
obey His Father and protect His people. Jesus passionately seeks God’s glory and the good of
His people. No higher calling exists than experiencing His love and sharing it with others.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
On the night before His death, Jesus prayed with His disciples. Jesus’s prayer revealed the
deepest desires of His heart. He first prayed for Himself as He asked God that His glory would
radiate through Jesus’s life and death. Jesus’s mission on earth was to reveal God’s glory so that
people might know, believe in, and share eternal life with Him. As Jesus anticipated His return to
His Father’s presence, He prayed that the Father would restore to Him the glory He had before the
world began. Passion for God’s glory resonated as Jesus’s deep prayer.
After Jesus prayed for Himself, He prayed for His disciples. Though Jesus would return to
the Father, His disciples would remain in the world as His witnesses. Jesus prayed for their
protection, unity, and sanctification. Jesus also prayed for all future believers throughout history.
He prayed for unity to define His people so that the world might see and know Him. Ultimately,
Jesus’s deepest desire for His people was that they be with Him and see His glory.
Apply It
Prayer played an integral role in Jesus’s life and ministry. If Jesus, being fully God, felt the need
to pray, how much more should we? Does prayer permeate your daily life and all that you do? To
the Christian, prayer should be like breathing is to the body—continual and essential for life. The
Bible exhorts us to “pray continually.”17 We fulfill this command as we live in moment-by-moment
awareness that God is with us and actively involved in our thoughts, actions, and experiences.
Prayer can and should be our first response, no matter the situation. When we pray continually, we
live in continuous dependence on God and grow in fellowship with Him. What a profound privilege!
15. Only way: John 14:6

16. Love through His Spirit: Romans 5:5
17. Pray without ceasing: 1 Thessalonians 5:17
316 | Lesson 22
Our prayers often reveal our heart’s deepest desires. Jesus’s prayer confirmed that, above
all, He desired God’s glory and the good of His people. What do your prayers reveal about
what really matters to you? Do your prayers most often revolve around your life—your dreams,
ambitions, health, wealth, and comfort? We can and should pray for ourselves, but the gift of
prayer involves so much more than giving God a list of what we think we want or need. Do your
prayers focus mainly on what you want from God or what God wants for you? Though we pray
imperfectly, our hearts can align with God’s as we pray. Lord, help us passionately desire what
you want us to have!
As His crucifixion approached, Jesus prayed, “Father, the hour has come.
Though we pray
Glorify your Son, that your Son may glorify you.” In the face of death, Jesus’s
imperfectly, our
highest priority remained seeking God’s glory. Jesus desired that the world
would see God for who He is. How do you aim to glorify God in your daily life?
hearts can align
Every moment—whether mundane or magnificent, painful or pleasant—offers with God’s as we
an opportunity to bring God glory. We glorify God anytime we acknowledge pray. Lord, help us
His provision, worth, or character in our lives. The foods we enjoy, the work passionately desire
we pursue, the relationships we value—all are gifts from God that display His what you want us
kindness and love. We can also glorify God in our suffering as we choose to to have!
endure any loss with faith in God’s purposes for our good.18 How might you
glorify God amidst the pains of life? God is glorified whenever we value Him more than our
personal comfort. Jesus’s prayer for God’s glory sets an example for us no matter what life
circumstances we experience.
If you are a believer, do you realize that Jesus prayed for you through this prayer? The Son of
God had you on His mind and in His heart when He declared, “I have given them the glory that
you gave me, that they may be one as we are one. ... Then the world will know that you sent
me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” Jesus loves all who belong to Him, and
that includes you. He prayed for you the night before His crucifixion, and He continues to pray
for you today.19 This awesome truth should inspire wonder in the hearts of all Jesus’s beloved
children. How are you encouraged to know Jesus is praying for you right now?
Through His prayer, Jesus asked two things of and for believers. First, He prayed for their unity,
which will shine as a bright beacon into the dark world. As God’s people express the unity He
has given them, the world will take notice. Second, Jesus prayed that believers will engage
in the world while seeking and resting in God’s protection. Does the world’s darkness tempt
you to retreat to a safe place? How would God have you trust Him to uphold and protect you
as you seek to develop relationships with the people around you? How well do you know your
neighbors? Might God lead you to invest time and energy in a co-worker or family member who
thinks differently from you? God’s people share a common mission but also God’s power and
protection as they stand for Christ wherever He places them. Based on Jesus’s prayer for you,
how will you glorify Him and seek the good of His people today?
18. Our good: Romans 8:28

19. Prays for you today: Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25

JOHN: LESSON 23
Jesus’s Arrest LESSON
and Jewish Trials SCRIPTURE

JOHN 18:1-27
Lesson Questions
1. How did pondering Jesus’s prayer in John 17 impact your prayer life this week?
2. What new thought about prayer did you receive from the notes or lecture?

Jesus protected His disciples as an armed detachment came to arrest Him.
3. a. How had Jesus prepared Himself for the events to come? (See also John 17.)
b. Where did Jesus take His disciples and why might He have chosen this destination?
Lesson 23 | 319
4. How did Jesus demonstrate His protective love for His disciples?
5. a. What happened when Jesus identified Himself to His captors? What strikes you about
this response?
b. How does the armed men’s response help you understand more about Jesus and
His sacrifice?

Despite Peter’s resistance, Jesus was arrested.
6. Describe Peter’s response. What might have motivated him?
7. a. What did Jesus mean by His two statements in verse 11? (See also Isaiah 51:17, 22;
Matthew 26:39; and 2 Corinthians 10:2-4a.)
b. What battles are you tempted to enter with human methods and strength rather than
trusting God? How can you learn from Jesus’s example?
8. What from verse 12 amazes or surprises you?
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9. To whom was Jesus taken after His arrest?

Peter denied Jesus.
10. a. Describe the circumstances that led to Peter’s entrance into the high priest’s courtyard.
b. When Peter entered the courtyard, who questioned him, what was he asked, and how
did he respond?
11. Give examples of Jesus’s steadfast obedience and Peter’s weakness.
12. In what way do you relate to Peter?

The high priest questioned Jesus, and Peter denied Him two more times.
13. a. From verses 19-21, what did Jesus say in answer to Annas’s questions?
b. How did Annas’s official react to Jesus and what might this reaction reveal?

c. What do you learn about Jesus from His reply in verse 23?
14. a. Describe the second and third times that Peter denied Jesus.
b. In what ways have you discovered that the slippery slope of one sin makes the next
easier? (See also Romans 13:14 and James 1:13-15.)
15. What was the significance of the timing and impact of the rooster that began to crow?
(See also Matthew 26:75.)
16. How might your experience with personal weakness and vulnerability help you depend
on God?

Jesus willingly offered Himself to pay the price of humanity’s sin.
17. How does Jesus’s submission and dignity through His arrest and Jewish trials speak to you?
John 18:1-27

322 | Lesson 23
Lecture Notes

Lesson 23 Notes
John 18:1-27
Focus Verse
“Jesus commanded Peter, ‘Put your sword away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has
given me?’” (John 18:11)
Outline
● The Arrest – John 18:1-14
● The Jewish Trials – John 18:15-27
Engage
John takes us onto holy ground as we enter a passage that highlights Jesus’s exalted nature
and willing surrender. Jesus approached His death with dignity and majesty. His obedience
stands in sharp contrast to the evil intentions of His enemies and the frail humanity of His
friends. Mortal men armed with human weapons bound and arrested the almighty Son of
God. Thinking themselves strong and powerful, the created seized their Creator yet collapsed
in an instant when Jesus spoke. People with a false perception of their delegated power
rendered judgment on eternity’s judge. Those given life condemned the giver of life. The irony
is glaring. Jesus’s willing sacrifice and humble submission are staggering.
Betrayed by a friend and deserted by His disciples, Jesus suffered physical torture and
emotional pain and waged a spiritual battle we cannot comprehend. However, Jesus’s
humiliation before evil men is not what stands out most in these chapters. Instead, Jesus’s
glory as Son of Man and Son of God shines most brightly. Jesus’s majesty as God and mercy
for sinners stand tall. Jesus willingly offered Himself to pay the price of humanity’s sin.
The Arrest – John 18:1-14

John opens a new section of his Gospel as we approach the events immediately preceding the
Lord’s crucifixion and resurrection. These sacred and most precious chapters describe Jesus’s
final and greatest suffering at the hands of people He came to redeem.
The Savior’s Majestic Surrender – 18:1-9

Jesus’s Submission – 18:1
Jesus took His next steps toward the cross “when he had finished praying.” His passionate
prayer, recorded in John 17, readied Jesus to obey and glorify God as He moved ever closer to
324 | Lesson 23
His crucifixion. After committing them to God in prayer, Jesus and His beloved disciples left
Jerusalem. They proceeded outside the city walls, down the steep sides of the Kidron Valley,
and into a familiar garden. From this known spot, likely fragrant with spring scents, Jesus
prepared for the betrayer He knew would soon arrive.
Jesus’s Betrayal – 18:2-3

Jesus knew what Judas would do. Judas was familiar with this garden. Jesus had often
gathered there with His disciples. This setting, known as a place of intimate fellowship and
teaching, became the scene of Judas’s infamous betrayal. Jesus did not avoid His arrest but
rather seemed to orchestrate it. The authorities, who refused to arrest Jesus in public for
fear of the people, seized the opportunity for Judas to lead them to Jesus. Judas guided the
detachment of officials and armed soldiers to Jesus.
Jesus’s captors expected resistance. This detachment of soldiers likely represented a large
number of men. They arrived armed with weapons of human warfare to arrest the Prince of
Peace. Their torches and lanterns lit the night sky as they came to seize the Light of the World
in a moonlit garden. Judas’s actions were those of betrayal—an especially grievous violation
against someone Judas should have honored above all others. This outright act of disloyalty
and treachery revealed the extent to which Judas spurned Jesus’s love and surrendered to
Satan’s schemes.
Jesus’s Supremacy – 18:4-6

Unlike the disciples who struggled to take in these events, Jesus knew everything that would
happen to Him. Jesus’s divine omniscience points to His willing surrender to His Father’s plan.
Jesus initiated the encounter with His approaching captors. He went out to them and asked,
“Who is it you want?” They replied, “Jesus of Nazareth.” As Jesus faced Judas and the men
armed with spears and swords, He simply answered, “I am he.”
When Jesus said these words, every man sent to capture Him staggered backwards and fell to
the ground. They possibly had expected a fight and taken up battle positions. Why did the force
of Jesus’s statement so impact this delegation who came with their own show of force? What
kept them from recognizing Jesus’s divine authority as they picked themselves up and carried
on with their assignment? Clearly Jesus was not arrested by force but through surrender.
Jesus’s Protection of His Own – 18:7-9

With a heart to protect His disciples, Jesus asked the soldiers to restate who they were looking
for. When they answered a second time that they were looking for Jesus of Nazareth, Jesus said,
“If you are looking for me, then let these men go.” A true shepherd, the Lord put Himself between
His own beloved sheep and the danger that threatened them. Jesus’s protective love for the
11 disciples demonstrates the sacrificial love He displayed at the cross for His people. Jesus
intentionally yielded Himself to His captors but secured permission for His disciples to flee.

Peter’s Protest – 18:10-11
As the tension of the scene escalated, Peter could not restrain himself. He drew the sword he
carried and started swinging. Peter narrowly missed inflicting a deadly wound but succeeded
in cutting off the right ear of Malchus, the high priest’s servant. This impulsive reaction could
have started a military engagement that Jesus’s disciples would not have been prepared to
wage. Peter’s single-handed attempt to take on an armed delegation demonstrated his courage
and loyalty but also his lack of understanding regarding Jesus’s ultimate purpose.
Jesus quickly intervened to minimize the impact of Peter’s rash response. Luke’s Gospel tells
us Jesus also healed the ear Peter had severed.1 Jesus commanded Peter, “Put your sword
away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?” Committed to God’s will, Jesus again
protected His own just as He promised He would. Peter attempted to fight a spiritual battle with
a human weapon.2 He resisted the very plan Jesus was embracing.
Jesus willingly chose to drink the cup of God’s wrath against sinners.3 Sinless Jesus had to
die to pay the price of humanity’s sin.4 He did not resist God’s mission but remained steadfastly
obedient as He offered Himself unto death. Jesus drank the cup of God’s wrath so no believer
would face the judgment they deserve. Therefore, God’s children can rejoice with the psalmist:
“I will lift up the cup of salvation and call on the name of the Lord.”5
God Incarnate Willingly Bound by Mortal Men – 18:12-14

Armed men bound and arrested Jesus, God’s Son—humanity’s Savior. Jesus willingly endured
humiliation as His wrists were bound and armed guards surrounded Him, an assumed
lawbreaker. The fact that human force shackled Jesus clearly reveals His voluntary submission
as He resolutely faced His trials and execution. He surrendered His divine power to accomplish
God’s eternal purpose. The fact that rope bound the human hands of God’s Son clearly
expresses the immeasurable love that compelled Jesus to complete His mission. Jesus
suffered arrest so that sinners might be set free.
The detachment of soldiers and Jewish officials first took Jesus to Annas, the father-in-law
of Caiaphas the high priest. Jesus endured a series of trials before Jewish religious leaders
and Roman officials. John’s Gospel presents only Jesus’s hearings before Annas and Pilate, the
Roman governor.6 In every case, those who thought they judged Jesus would ultimately stand
before Him, the judge of eternity.
The Jewish Trials – John 18:15-27

Only John records Jesus’s preliminary examination by the former high priest, Annas. This
private hearing took place during the night and preceded the official trial before Caiaphas, the
current high priest appointed by Rome. Though deposed as high priest by the Romans, Annas
1. Healed ear: Luke 22:51

2. Spiritual battles: 2 Corinthians 10:3-5
3. Cup of God’s wrath: Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 25:15; Matthew 26:39; Revelation 14:10; 16:19
4. Jesus’s death: Romans 5:8; 6:23; 2 Corinthians 5:21; 1 Peter 3:18
5. Cup of salvation: Psalm 116:13
6. Jesus before Pilate: John 18:28–19:16
326 | Lesson 23
Jesus Died in Our Place
The Doctrine of Substitution
The truth about the salvation Jesus offers involves several richly immense concepts—all of
which are awe-inspiring. The doctrine of substitution expresses the truth that God saved
guilty sinners by sending Jesus to die on their behalf. Believers are saved through faith in
Christ because He took our place. Jesus willingly drank to the dregs the cup of wrath that
every sinner deserves to drink.1 The New Testament epistles expand the concept of Jesus’s
substitution, which was also depicted at the Last Supper.2 When Jesus stood in our place,
He bore the full force of God’s wrath for our transgressions.
Only with Jesus as our substitute can we be counted righteous before a holy God and
escape the judgment we deserve. Believers are enveloped in Christ and covered with His
righteousness.3 Jesus wore a crown of thorns,4 a symbol of sin’s curse, so that we might be
crowned with His righteousness.5
Without Jesus as your substitute, you will bear God’s wrath for your own sin. Unless you
recognize that Jesus bore your deserved punishment in your place, you will face God on a
coming day without the substitute you desperately need. To fail to recognize personal sin
and Christ’s sacrifice is to ignore the greatest gift of love ever offered.
With Jesus as your substitute, when God looks at you He sees Jesus’s righteousness, not
your sin. The record of your sin will never be charged against you because Jesus’s once-
for-all sacrifice in effect proclaims, “I paid for that!” The only debt believers owe their Savior
is a debt of gratitude. Life has hope and eternity’s glory shines brightly because Jesus
willingly offered Himself as a substitute for sinners.
1. Jesus took our place: Isaiah 53:6; Romans 3:25-26; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 2:17
2. Substitution taught at Jesus’s Last Supper: Matthew 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-24; Luke 22:19-20
3. Covered by Christ’s righteousness: John 1:29; 1 Thessalonians 5:9; Hebrews 2:9; 9:28; 10:10; 1 Peter 2:24; 3:18
4. Crown of thorns: John 19:2
5. Crown of righteousness: 2 Timothy 4:8
retained tremendous influence in Jerusalem. Five of Annas’s sons and Caiaphas, his son-in-law,
served at different times as high priest. The other Gospels add details regarding Jesus’s Jewish
trials before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin, as well as His political trials before Pilate, Herod, and
the people.
Peter’s First Denial – 18:15-18

Peter and another disciple, likely John, recovered from their panic and followed the crowd to the
high priest’s residence. Well known by the attendants, John made his way inside the courtyard
to follow Jesus there. Peter at first waited outside, but eventually a servant girl allowed him to
enter the courtyard.

The Divine Purposefulness of Jesus’s Suffering
Jesus’s suffering displayed His voluntary death to redeem humanity. Jesus did not die as
a victim of circumstances or a defenseless martyr. Jesus knew He came from the Father
and was returning to Him. He “loved His own” and laid down His life in steadfast obedience
to His Father’s will.1
Jesus’s suffering fulfilled God’s plan. The Old Testament foretold the Messiah’s suffering,
resurrection, and ascension.2 Jesus spoke many times of His suffering long before the
events took place.3
Jesus’s suffering displayed His majesty. Jesus claimed power that belongs only to God:
the power to forgive sin4 and the power to lay down His life and take it up again.5 Jesus
received glory and glorified His Father as He willingly died for humanity.6
Jesus’s suffering reveals the end results of belief and unbelief. The genuine faith of
Jesus’s true followers persisted, despite temporary confusion. The rebellion of those who
rejected Jesus intensified as they demanded Jesus’s death and then nailed Him to a cross.
The truth about Jesus, our suffering Savior, leads some people to seek Jesus and some to
reject Him.
1. Love unto death: John 13:1-3
2. Messiah’s sacrifice foretold: Genesis 3:15; Psalms 16:9-11; 22; Isaiah 53
3. Jesus’s death and resurrection foretold: Matthew 16:21; 17:23; 20:19; Luke 9:22; 18:33
4. Power to forgive: Matthew 9:2, 6
5. Power of resurrection: John 2:19-22; 10:17-18
6. Glory of God: John 13:31-32; 17:1-5
The servant girl questioned Peter, “You aren’t one of this man’s disciples too, are you?” Peter
had responded in disbelief when Jesus warned him that he would deny Him three times.7 Now,
in a moment of tension and vulnerability, Peter stumbled. Peter quickly answered, “I am not,”
as he headed off to warm himself by a fire on this cold night. In a moment of weakness, Peter
denied His Lord.
John interposed his account of Peter’s denials in the middle of his record of Jesus’s unrelenting
obedience to His Father. The contrast between Peter’s human frailty and Jesus’s steadfast
strength seems intentional. Jesus spoke truth to those who would soon call for His execution
while Peter lied to people with little power to harm him. Like Peter, we often overestimate our
strength until life’s unexpected hardships knock us flat. God often uses moments like this to
mold our character and teach us about His grace.
Jesus Before Annas, the Former High Priest – 18:19-24

Annas questioned Jesus about His teaching and His disciples. Perhaps, in contradiction of
Jewish law, Annas sought to indict Jesus by His own confession, rather than by two or three
witnesses.8 Jesus’s answer did not dodge the questions but rather appealed for due process.
7. Jesus’s warning to Peter: John 13:37-38
8. Witnesses: Deuteronomy 19:15
328 | Lesson 23
Jesus said, “I have spoken openly to the world. I always taught in synagogues or at the temple,
where all the Jews come together. I said nothing in secret. Why question me? Ask those who
heard me. Surely they know what I said.”
Indeed, Jesus taught in public arenas without secrecy or a hidden agenda. Annas did not seek
clarity or truth; he sought cause to convict Jesus as worthy of death. Jesus merely asked that
the inquiry seek evidence in a proper legal way. Annas’s subordinates recognized that Jesus’s
answer cut off Annas’s questions. One of the officials slapped Jesus across the face with
a conceited rebuke, demanding, “Is this the way you answer the high priest?” Jesus, God in
human flesh, endured mistreatment by a self-exalted man.
Jesus responded to this flagrant action with self-control and dignity. He stood for what is right
while standing before a man who should have upheld truth over his pride. Jesus replied, “If I
said something wrong, testify as to what is wrong. But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike
me?” Jesus pointed to the illegality of the violence perpetrated against Him. With seeming
indifference to the mistreatment of Jesus, Annas concluded his interview and sent Jesus to
Caiaphas the high priest.
Peter’s Second and Third Denials – 18:25-27 Jesus willingly

Meanwhile, Peter stood around a glowing fire warming himself. Two more offered Himself
times, Peter was questioned about his association with Jesus. First, some to pay the price of
asked, “You aren’t one of his disciples too, are you?” Then, a relative of humanity’s sin. For
Malchus, the man with the severed and quickly repaired ear, asked, “Didn’t I all eternity, Jesus
see you with him in the garden?” In response to each question, Peter denied will be praised
knowing Jesus. for His unyielding
Peter had wielded the sword that injured Malchus. Did he fear retribution for obedience and
his actions from Malchus’s relative? He had assaulted the servant of the high infinite love.
priest. Whatever happened within Peter in the intensity of these moments, he
could not live up to the loyalty he had previously professed. Even faithful followers can falter.
Peter loved Jesus, but the heat of the moment stripped him of the resolve he thought
he possessed.
By God’s sovereignty, a rooster began to crow at the very moment Peter denied Jesus a third
time. Some believe this refers to a Roman military trumpet call known as the gallicinium, which
means “cockcrow.” Whatever Peter heard, the riveting alarm impacted him deeply. This detail
points to God’s sovereignty and precision, not just over events but over His intimate workings to
develop Peter’s faith. We know Peter’s failure was not final, as John deals with Peter’s remorse
and repentance in chapter 21. For now, John maintained his focus on Jesus.
As events unfolded and led to Jesus’s arrest, trials, crucifixion, and resurrection, Jesus’s steadfast
obedience to His Father’s will became ever clearer. The choice of a familiar garden, Judas’s arrival
with armed forces, Jesus’s protection of His own, and Jesus's arrest and trials all indicate His
solemn, steady, and intentional surrender. Jesus was not an inadvertent victim but an obedient
servant who carried out His Father’s plan. Jesus willingly offered Himself to pay the price of
humanity’s sin. For all eternity, Jesus will be praised for His unyielding obedience and infinite love.9
9. Forever exalted: Philippians 2:6-11

Take to Heart
Hold Fast
At every point, the Lord Jesus maintained control of His arrest. The habit of prayer and rest He
had established in a familiar garden taught Judas where to find Him. Jesus spoke first as He
approached the armed soldiers and identified Himself. He secured safe escape for His beloved
disciples. Jesus protected Peter from the consequences of his misconceived bravery. With
no regret or remorse, Jesus remained faithful to His Father and His purpose of going to the
cross. He revealed His authority and power. We see His courage and unflinching obedience that
flowed from His unselfish concern for others. Jesus’s love for His Father stood strong through
everything He said and did as His death drew near. Jesus, the Savior of the world, came to
complete the work of redemption. He would press forward until He cried, “It is finished.”10
The people who participated in the proceedings against Jesus were actually on trial
themselves. The judges were judged. Those who condemned Jesus stood condemned.11 The
common people who sought Jesus’s death followed their wicked leaders like blind sheep.
Then and now, God holds each person responsible for choosing to trust or reject Jesus Christ,
the Son of God. Peter, an ultimately faithful but faltering disciple, experienced his own human
weakness on the path to resilient faith. The dignity and beauty of Jesus’s willing sacrifice calls
us to receive redemption through the Savior God sent to the world and to us as individuals.
The dignity and Apply It

beauty of Jesus’s When the armed contingent approached Jesus in the garden, His sovereign
willing sacrifice control and obedient surrender to His Father shone through. While Jesus’s
calls us to receive divine obedience inspires us, we can certainly relate most to Peter’s frail
redemption through humanity. When his Lord appeared threatened, Peter instinctively drew his
the Savior God sent sword and sought an instant solution through human force. Just as quickly,
to the world and to Jesus told Peter to put away his sword and repaired the damage caused by
Peter’s zealous maneuver. Peter's display of force actually revealed weakness.
us as individuals.
How are you tempted to “draw your sword” in a moment of tension or conflict?
Most often, our swords surface through rash, careless words or a play for
control we do not actually have or need. Drawing your sword rarely solves anything! Jesus
demonstrated that humble surrender and immovable trust in God accomplishes more than
fighting battles with human weapons. How does Jesus’s example help you with a battle you
are facing? What warning do you take from Peter’s misguided fervor?
The Jewish officials deemed themselves powerful as they exercised perceived authority
against God’s own Son. They brought Jesus into their presence, not seeking truth but to further
the predetermined conclusion of their closed minds. Power, prestige, and position—this world’s
attractive charms—blinded them to God’s very presence right in their midst. What does it
take to open a human mind to receive God’s truth? How can a heart that has been captured
by this world’s appeal turn toward what truly matters? The men who condemned Jesus were
themselves condemned. We cannot adequately explain how they could ignore such a witness.
10. It is finished: John 19:30

11. Condemned: John 3:18-21
330 | Lesson 23
We can, however, recognize and respond to God’s tender and persistent appeal to our own
hearts. We can also pray for people we know who need God to open their eyes to seek and
grasp His truth. When you read Scripture, how might you expect God to speak and give you
understanding beyond your own thoughts? The presence of God’s Spirit, the power of His
Word, and His welcoming grace invite our earthbound hearts to hear and respond to God’s
truth. What is God saying to you through this lesson?
Jesus Himself rises as the most riveting figure in this passage. His majesty, surrender, control,
and purposefulness exposed the fatal failures of fallen humanity. Jesus embraced God’s will
at immense personal cost. He was not swayed from the course God set for Him when tensions
rose. Jesus did not balk or give up ground when faced with unfair questions and undeserved
humiliation. The prize beyond the suffering held Jesus firmly on task, unmoved by opposition.
Certainly we can learn from Peter’s misguided defense and denials as well as the flagrant
resistance of Jesus’s enemies. But most of all, we look to Jesus. He loved His Father more than
He despised the suffering. He loved us more than He loved His life. At the end of a lesson like
this, we do well to stop and ponder Jesus Himself. How will you do that? Gratitude, worship,
and surrender flow from hearts that recognize Jesus’s humble, willing, love-driven obedience
to die on the cross. What love! What a Savior!

JOHN: LESSON 24
From Pilate LESSON

SCRIPTURE
to the Cross JOHN

18:28–19:16
Lesson Questions
1. How did God use the lecture to challenge or encourage you regarding Peter’s failure and
Jesus’s obedience?
2. What truth from the notes gave you clarity or direction in something you are facing this week?

The Jewish leaders brought Jesus to appear before Pilate.
3. a. Why did Pilate come outside the palace to meet the Jewish leaders?
b. Do you think the Jewish leaders successfully avoided “uncleanness”? What actually
makes a person unclean?
Lesson 24 | 333
4. a. Describe Pilate’s first encounter with the Jewish leaders.
b. How did this conversation and the legal implications fulfill Scripture? (See also John
3:14; 8:28; and 12:32-33.)
5. What stands out to you regarding the interaction between the religious leaders and Pilate?
6. a. How and why do we, as sinful humans, attempt to cover our internal sinfulness with
external behavior that appears good?
b. What is the remedy for human sinfulness? (See also Proverbs 28:13; John 3:20; and
1 John 1:9.)

Pilate summoned Jesus inside the palace.
7. a. What was Pilate’s first question for Jesus, and how did Jesus reply?
b. Why might Jesus have replied as He did?
8. Describe Pilate’s response to Jesus in verse 35. What opportunity did Pilate miss?
9. a. What facts about His kingship and kingdom did Jesus reveal to Pilate in verses 36-37?
334 | Lesson 24
b. How did Pilate’s response indicate he rejected the truth Jesus revealed?
c. How do people miss Jesus’s truth today?
Fourth Day: Read John 18:39–19:7.

Jesus suffered at the hands of Pilate.
10. a. What conclusion did Pilate take to the Jews, and what compromise did he offer?
b. How did the Jews respond?
11. a. Describe the suffering endured by Jesus at the hands of Pilate.
b. How did Pilate’s indecisiveness and compromise make matters worse for Jesus?
12. a. How did the chief priests respond when they saw Jesus (19:6)? What did they demand,
and why (19:7)?
b. How should we respond when people we know reject the truth about Jesus today?

Jesus faced Pilate’s final choice.
13. What caused Pilate’s fearful reaction in verses 8-9, and how did Jesus respond?
14. a. From verses 10-11, how did Pilate press Jesus further, and how did Jesus answer him?
b. From verses 12-16, describe the circumstances leading to Pilate’s final choice
regarding Jesus.
c. Why did Pilate choose as he did?
15. From Pilate’s example and Romans 1:18-25, why does continually resisting truth and
spiritual opportunities make turning to Christ harder?
16. What opportunities has God given you to choose truth and believe in Jesus? How have you
responded?

Jesus’s eternal truth demands a response.
17. As you studied the choices made in this passage by Jesus, by Pilate, and by the Jews, what
challenges you or leads you to love Jesus even more?
John 18:28–19:16

336 | Lesson 24
Lecture Notes

Lesson 24 Notes
John 18:28–19:16
Focus Verse
“Jesus answered, ‘You say that I am a king. In fact, the reason I was born and came into the
world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me.’” (John 18:37)
● The Confrontation of Truth – John 18:28-38
● The Compromise of Indifference – John 18:39–19:16
Engage
What is truth? Scholars offer many definitions as people today seek truth from various
sources. In a world of manipulation, deception, and lies, the truth often gets cast as harsh,
ugly, or painful. Some shut their minds to the truth. Others hide from what is true or fashion
a truth of their own. However, we can be certain of this: God establishes truth. God’s Word
is true, and Jesus is truth.
Jesus’s trial before Pilate uncovered the evil motives behind the false accusations against
Jesus. The chief priests preserved their ceremonial “cleanness” while trying to hide their
plot to execute Jesus. Pilate voiced the question of the ages, “What is truth?” as the author
of truth stood right before him. John showcases the epic battle between God’s unwavering
truth and human distortion of truth. Pilate squandered every opportunity to choose Jesus
and stand on the side of truth. Jesus’s eternal truth demands a response. John recorded
Pilate’s choice: crucify Jesus.
The Confrontation of Truth – John 18:28-38

Bound and arrested, Jesus faced six trials prior to His crucifixion. John focuses on Jesus’s
first religious trial before Annas,1 the former high priest. Following Annas, Jesus faced two
more religious trials2 prior to His trials with Herod and Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor. With
each meeting, the clash between God’s truth and human deception deepened.
Pilate’s Questions – 18:28-38a

John alone records the full account of Jesus’s private interrogation by Pilate, who informally
inquired of the religious leaders outside the palace and then questioned Jesus inside. The entire
process revealed Pilate’s inability to stand for truth amidst pressure from the Jewish leaders.
1. Jesus's appearance before Annas: John 18:12-14

2. Trials before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin: Matthew 26:57-68; Mark 14:53-65; Luke 22:54, 66-71
338 | Lesson 24
Outside with the Jewish Leaders – 18:28-32
The Setting that Concealed Hypocrisy – 18:28

Early in the morning, the Jewish leaders took Jesus to the Roman governor’s palace. They
refused to enter the building. Entering a Gentile home during the Passover would render them
ceremonially unclean—unable to eat the Passover meal. More concerned about ritual and
appearance than the gravity of their actions, the misguided leaders sought Jesus’s death.
Ironically, God exposed the motives the leaders sought to hide. God knows the truth about
every human heart. Nothing is hidden from God.3
Jesus appeared before Pilate twice. Luke records Jesus’s trial before Herod, which took place
between His two meetings with Pilate.4 Before questioning Jesus the first time, Pilate came out
from the palace to meet with the Jewish leaders.
The Question that Revealed True Motives – 18:29-32

Roman governors lived in Caesarea. Pilate came to stay in Jerusalem during the Passover
because of the potential for unrest. Despite the early hour, Pilate came outside to meet with
the Jewish leaders, who would not come inside, and asked what charges they brought against
Jesus. The chief priests answered defensively, “If he were not a criminal, we would not have
handed him over to you.” Perhaps the leaders hoped to avoid voicing a direct accusation
against Jesus. No Roman judge would consider the case against Jesus worthy of a trial.
To overcome this problem, the Jewish leaders changed their religious charge of blasphemy
into a political charge that would move Pilate to action. In their view, Jesus claimed to be
a king, but He was not appointed by Rome. Pilate was responsible for protecting Roman
interests. Charging Jesus with sedition put pressure on Pilate to guard Caesar’s interests and
Roman sovereignty.
Pilate seemed ready to turn Jesus’s accusers away and remain uninvolved. He told the leaders
to judge Jesus according to their own law. The Jewish leaders likely hoped Pilate would quickly
render a verdict that allowed for crucifixion. They pressed their case to accomplish that goal.
John’s intentional choice of details exposes the true motives of Jesus’s accusers rather than
the formal charges against Jesus recorded in other gospel accounts.5 Pilate’s reply forced the
leaders to state their true desire—they wanted Jesus to die. With cautious candor, the religious
leaders admitted, “But we have no right to execute anyone.” Nothing but Jesus’s death would
satisfy them. They sought Pilate’s legal declaration to fulfill their deadly plan to silence Jesus. A
verdict from Pilate would indicate Jesus’s death sentence had come through Roman authorities
and the religious leaders had merely done their civic duty.
God’s sovereignty over the details of Jesus’s death remains clear. The religious leaders’ deadly
agenda regarding Jesus and the Roman legal system combined to fulfill God’s redemptive plan
for humanity. Jesus foretold that He would be “lifted up”—signifying death on a cross.6 Under
Roman occupation, the Jews were not allowed the legal right to execute anyone without Roman
approval. On other occasions, the Jewish leaders executed alleged criminals illegally, as they
3. Nothing hidden from God: Hebrews 4:13

4. Herod's trial: Luke 23:6-12
5. Accusations against Jesus: Luke 23:2
6. Lifted up: John 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-33

did with Stephen.7 In Jesus’s case, they used an outwardly legal approach to seek His death.
Because Jesus’s death sentence came under Roman jurisdiction, He died on a cross rather
than by stoning, the traditional method of Jewish execution.
The Jewish leaders made a grave error in judgment: they failed to recognize the truth about
Jesus. Their refusal to see and hear who Jesus really was led them to send God’s own Son—the
Messiah they awaited—to a cruel death. Their hardened hearts and closed minds clouded the
truth and prevailed over what was right.
Inside with Pilate – 18:33-38a
“Are You the King of the Jews?” – 18:33-35a

Pilate reentered the palace and summoned Jesus to appear before him. He asked Jesus,
“Are you the king of the Jews?” Did he recognize majesty as he gazed upon Jesus? Pilate also
may have been speaking with cynical pity. Perhaps he merely saw Jesus as a weary man who
in no way resembled a king. Likely, Pilate was irritated that he had to be involved in a conflict
regarding a Jewish teacher who had disturbed the peace.
No matter what Pilate sensed, Jesus knew the true state of his heart and replied with a
question of His own. Jesus asked Pilate if his question was his own idea or reflected what
he had heard from others. Jesus offered Pilate an opportunity to think for himself. Would
he deeply consider the charge brought against Jesus? Pilate could have asked Jesus further
questions about His kingship. Jesus stood ready to lead Pilate to understand more.
Pilate’s flippant reply, “Am I a Jew?” revealed His own indifference toward Jesus and the Jews.
What a contrast to Nicodemus, the Samaritan woman at the well, and countless others who
drew near to Jesus with hearts that yearned to know Him better. Pilate had a one-on-one
audience with King Jesus and let the opportunity slip away without it transforming his heart.
“What Is It You Have Done?” – 18:35b-36

Jesus’s kingship
Pilate pointed out that Jesus’s own people and chief priests had handed Him
greatly transcends
over. Pilate asked Jesus directly, “What is it you have done?” Was he trying
the expectations to get Jesus to admit wrongdoing? Did he see that Jesus had been falsely
and constraints of accused and had committed no crime? Merely trying to do his job and move
this cruel world. on, Pilate did not try to understand what Jesus was saying.
Jesus’s answer brought more depth and meaning than Pilate’s question
intended. Truly a king, Jesus replied, “My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants
would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. But now my kingdom is from another
place.” Jesus’s kingship greatly transcends the expectations and constraints of this cruel world.
Jesus’s kingdom comes from heaven not earth.
“You Are a King, Then!” – 18:37

How could Pilate digest Jesus’s words so packed with spiritual and eternal significance? Upon
hearing of Jesus’s kingdom, Pilate declared, “You are a king, then!” Jesus answered, “You say that
I am a king,” neither accepting nor rejecting the title. Though Jesus had revealed the true nature
7. Authority to execute: Acts 7:59-60
340 | Lesson 24
A Kingdom Not of This World
The Doctrine of the Kingdom of God
Jesus’s conversation with Pilate addressed God’s eternal kingdom. Scripture uses the
“kingdom of heaven” and the “kingdom of God” interchangeably to describe God’s
sovereign rule and reign throughout history. The Old Testament presents God’s established
rule over all creation and all earthly kingdoms.1 God promised David that his descendant,
the Messiah, would rule a kingdom without end2—a promise Jesus came to earth to fulfill.3
The kingdom of God describes both a present and future reality. God rules and reigns
over all.4 God’s kingdom comes now as people receive the gospel, believe in Jesus,
and embrace God’s rule and reign over their lives. God’s kingdom also awaits future
consummation, on a day known only by the Father, when His kingdom will be fully realized.
When the Lord Jesus Christ returns at the end of human history, He will reign over all
people forever in all glory and honor as King of Kings and Lord of Lords.5
People fail to recognize Jesus or are indifferent about who He is—the true King who will
reign forever. Without God’s righteous reign in view, life presents only chaos in the here and
now and a lack of hope for the future. Human leaders fail and human pursuits disappoint.
The limitations of self lead to a life void of God’s infinite blessings and eventually to eternal
death and separation from God.
Those who seek God’s kingdom experience fullness of life here on earth as they await
the untold blessings of eternity. Seeing God’s sovereign hand over every circumstance
and submitting to His rule bring joy and blessings. Life’s disappointments still exist, but
God provides hope and strength for every day. With God on His throne, every day we
can anticipate a bright tomorrow. God’s children remain steadied by the certain hope of
eventually seeing Jesus in all His glory—face-to-face.
1. God’s rule over creation: Genesis 1; Daniel 7:14, 27

2. Enduring kingdom: 2 Samuel 7:16
3. Jesus’s birth: Luke 2:11
4. God’s rule: Revelation 11:15
5. King of Kings: Philippians 2:10-11; Revelation 1:7; 19:11-16
of His kingdom, Pilate missed Jesus’s point entirely. He recognized that Rome had not appointed
Jesus as king. He now had enough of a confession to legitimize the charges against Jesus.
Jesus continued to reveal more of Himself to Pilate. Jesus confirmed His humanity and His
mission. He declared to Pilate, “In fact, the reason I was born and came into the world is to
testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me.” Jesus offered Pilate the chance
to listen, believe, and awaken to the truth. Jesus’s revelations actually cross-examined Pilate
while Pilate thought he was questioning Jesus.

“What Is Truth?” – 18:38a
Again, Pilate responded with an abrupt question that packed more power than he likely realized.
Pilate retorted, “What is truth?” Pilate’s insincere, harsh, and argumentative tone demonstrated
his indifference toward the most important decision of his life. He responded with a lack of
reverence for truth of any kind. Jesus—the truth—stood in Pilate’s midst, yet Pilate missed the
truth that Jesus embodied and offered.
Ironically, this reflects the situation of many people today who seek truth but construct their
own, missing what God has offered through Jesus. God gave Pilate multiple opportunities to
know the truth and character of the prisoner whose true identity he failed to recognize.
Pilate’s Conclusion – 18:38b

Following his final question in this first interrogation, Pilate went out to the gathered Jews. No
doubt the restless crowd awaited news. Pilate approached the people and informed them that
he had found no basis on which to charge Jesus. However, he schemed to placate the Jewish
leaders and people. Pilate wanted to find a way to make this troublesome matter go away.
The Compromise of Indifference – John 18:39–19:16

Indifference twisted Pilate’s pursuit of truth into a compromise. He valued his position
and power and desired to maintain order in this occupied territory. Pilate wanted this matter
settled. Though the charges against Jesus were weak at best, Pilate refused to free Him. Like
so many, Pilate’s indifference to Jesus and desire to remain distanced from Him brought
deadly consequences.
Pilate’s Attempts to Placate the Crowd – 18:39–19:5

Pilate was delegated the remarkable opportunity to free Jesus. Instead, Pilate’s indifference
led him to suppress the truth and pervert justice. Pilate made multiple attempts to release
Jesus without hurting himself. Pilate’s example offers a serious warning against compromise.
Pilate found no basis for a charge against Jesus. His responsibility to uphold justice warranted
releasing Jesus as an innocent man. However, Pilate recognized the religious leaders’
driving desire to execute Jesus. Caught in a seemingly precarious situation, Pilate sought a
compromise that would spare him from taking a stand for Jesus. Pilate appealed to the Jewish
custom of releasing a chosen prisoner at Passover. Other Scriptures give details regarding this
incident.8 Pilate presented his idea to the gathered Jews and offered to release Jesus.
The people refused Pilate’s suggestion and demanded that Barabbas, a murderous
insurrectionist, be set free. Their cries rejecting Jesus rang out: “No, not him! Give us
Barabbas!” The gravity of their statement cannot be overemphasized. Then and now, people
brazenly and carelessly reject the Savior who came to set them free. The age-old cry of “No, not
him!” echoes through time with foolish fury.
8. Barabbas: Matthew 27:15-26; Mark 15:6-16; Luke 23:17-25; Acts 3:14
342 | Lesson 24
Pilate’s attempt to wriggle out of his responsibility to declare Jesus’s innocence failed.
Dismissing his opportunity to stand on the side of truth, Pilate gave in and released Barabbas.
The release of Barabbas reveals both irony and God’s sovereign plan. Through Pilate’s offer,
Barabbas was set free and Jesus was condemned to die. By taking Barabbas’s place, Jesus was
set free to take our place. God turned injustice into justice for all. God’s amazing grace prevailed.
Pilate subjected Jesus to the terrible torture of flogging. Did he think this dreadful act would
satisfy Jesus’s closed-minded accusers who were clamoring for His death? Soldiers whipped
Jesus with a long leather strip studded with bits of lead and sharpened pieces of bone.
Each lash of the whip tore to shreds the flesh on Jesus’s back. Most victims of flogging lost
consciousness, some died, and others went insane. Pilate’s weakness and moral compromise
made matters worse for Jesus.
The soldiers persisted. They twisted together a crown of thorns and placed it on the head of
Jesus—the King of Kings. Jesus, who would be crowned with glory for eternity,9 willingly wore
a crown of thorns, the fruit of sin’s curse for us.10 They clothed Jesus in a purple robe and
mockingly repeated the chant, “Hail, king of the Jews!” Continuing their taunts, the soldiers
slapped Jesus in the face. As prophesied, Jesus said nothing as He silently bore extreme and
undeserved suffering.11
Again, Pilate told Jesus’s accusers he found no basis for a charge. He brought Jesus out
wearing the purple robe and crown of thorns. Jesus, Son of God and Son of Man, stood
beaten and weakened before the angry crowd while Pilate said, “Here is the man!” No truer
words could have been spoken by Pilate. Jesus is truly our representative—the last Adam who
succeeded where the first Adam failed.12 Sinless Jesus bore the cost for our sin.
Pilate’s Attempts to Avoid Responsibility – 19:6-7

The chief priests and their officials looked upon Jesus and called for His crucifixion. Pilate again
attempted to place the responsibility of Jesus’s death elsewhere. He told the Jews to crucify
Jesus themselves. Pilate once again stated, “As for me, I find no basis for a charge against him.”
The chief priests and their officials persisted in insisting on Jesus’s death. They argued that
according to Jewish law, Jesus must die because He “claimed to be the Son of God.” They
considered Jesus a blasphemer, worthy of death.13 Time and again, Jesus had revealed
Himself to these very officials who rejected His claims as outlandish.
Pilate’s Compromise with What Was Right – 19:8-16

The Internal Battle – 19:8-11
Even though Pilate repeatedly stated that he found no basis for any charge against Jesus,
he refused to pronounce Jesus innocent and set Him free. Pilate surely noted the difference
between Jesus and every other criminal he had encountered as governor. How could he
9. Jesus, crowned with glory and honor: Hebrews 2:6-9
10. Thorns: Genesis 3:17-18
11. Jesus’s silence: Isaiah 53:7
12. Last Adam: 1 Corinthians 15:21-23, 45
13. Blasphemy: Leviticus 24:16; Matthew 26:63-66; John 5:18; 8:58-59; 10:33, 36

sentence Jesus to death? On the other hand, how might setting Jesus free impact his personal
power and position? Pilate wanted to keep the peace with the Jews in this region that Rome
had commissioned him to govern. He sought to placate the Jewish leaders who assured him
that Jesus represented a dangerous threat.
Debilitating Uncertainty – 19:8

Upon hearing the Jewish leaders accuse Jesus of claiming to be the Son of God, Pilate became
afraid. Uneasy yet still indifferent regarding the prisoner before him, Pilate faced his final
encounter with Jesus. He sought to manage the situation to his own advantage.
Deafening Silence – 19:9-10

Pilate went back inside the palace. He asked Jesus where He came from. Pilate wanted to
know whether Jesus was a man or God. Jesus said nothing. His silence spoke volumes. Pilate’s
opportunity to hear from Jesus had passed. Jesus had already spoken every word Pilate needed
to hear to recognize Him as the spotless Son of Man and Son of God. Persistent refusal to
respond to God’s truth is a perilous stance for anyone. Pilate steadfastly rejected the truth.
Pilate arrogantly continued to prod Jesus, whose silence provided yet another opportunity to
pause and reconsider his momentous decision. Instead, Pilate’s prideful words demonstrated
faith in himself, his power, and his position. He asked Jesus, “Don’t you realize I have power
either to free you or to crucify you?” Pilate stood firmly and arrogantly on the authority
delegated to him by Rome.
Delegated Authority – 19:11

Jesus spoke with royal dignity, “You would have no power over me if it were not given to you
from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of a greater sin.” No human
position matches or thwarts the power of almighty God. Pilate’s perceived power and authority
were bestowed upon him by God. He held no true authority over Jesus, who willingly submitted
Himself to mortals He created. Jesus did not die as a victim of evil men but as a willing
sacrifice offered by God.
Pilate remained fully responsible for his own choice regarding Jesus. The scales of God’s
justice weighed Pilate and the Jewish Sanhedrin and found all guilty of sin. The Jewish leaders
had greater light—the Scriptures and the prophecies of Messiah—and therefore committed
greater sin. Even so, God held both the Sanhedrin and Pilate accountable for their part in Jesus’s
suffering and death. The Jewish leaders acted out of mistaken judgment about Jesus. Pilate’s
indifference and deliberate distance from Jesus prevented him from receiving the truth.
Outright Infidelity – 19:12-17
Caving to Political Pressure – 19:12-15

Upon hearing Jesus’s words, Pilate continued to seek a way to release Jesus. Raising the
stakes, the Jewish leaders kept shouting that if he released Jesus, Pilate would be opposing
Caesar. Politically insecure, Pilate felt trapped by this daunting threat.
344 | Lesson 24
Pilate made one final attempt to release Jesus. He sat on the judge’s seat known as the Stone
Pavement (Gabbatha in Aramiac). John marked the day and the time as significant: this took
place on the day of Preparation of the Passover at about noon.
Passing responsibility to the Jews, Pilate said, “Here is your king.” The Jews, however, wanted
nothing to do with their King—their Messiah. Instead of receiving Jesus as Lord and King, the
crowd shouted, “Take him away! Crucify him!” Pilate put forth his final question: "Shall I crucify
your king?” The chief priests replied, “We have no king but Caesar.” The leaders forced Pilate to
choose between two kings—Caesar or the Lord Jesus Christ. Pilate chose to serve and honor
Caesar above all else.
Handing Jesus Over to Crucifixion – 19:16

Jesus suffered
Pilate had two alternatives: choose Jesus as his King or choose to allow
so sinners could
Jesus to be crucified. Tragically, Pilate’s final decision sealed him as the one
who ordered Jesus’s death on the cross. “Finally Pilate handed him over to
receive salvation.
them to be crucified.”
His death brought
us life.
Pilate’s inner struggle regarding Jesus gave way to outward rejection of
Jesus. Despite Jesus’s gracious appeals, Pilate feared humans more than
God. His earthly perspective caused him to miss the eternal significance of this moment.
Despite his repeated attempts to deflect responsibility, Pilate made a destiny-defining choice.
Pilate may have thought He was judging Jesus, when in fact, Pilate was the one on trial. So
it is with every person. The truth about Jesus does not allow neutrality. Jesus’s eternal truth
demands a response.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Some argue that Pilate was misunderstood or a victim of God’s plan. Yet Pilate’s ultimate
choice regarding Jesus fully unmasked the true state of his heart. Jesus, eternity’s King and
Pilate’s prisoner, asked powerful questions and offered multiple opportunities to lead Pilate
to saving faith. Pilate voiced the universal question, “What is truth?” yet failed to recognize
the truth standing before him. He forever stands responsible for his role in the death of Jesus
Christ. Pilate chose to maintain distance from Jesus rather than draw near to Him.
Jesus was rejected by His own people and the Jewish religious leaders. He was despised and
tortured by Pilate and the soldiers. Jesus suffered with dignity and majesty. He bore shame
and humiliation as He wore a crown of thorns and a purple robe meant to make a mockery of
Him. An angry crowd of sinners chose a vile criminal over Jesus. Jesus faced His accusers
and submitted to crucifixion—fulfilling God’s plan of salvation so His kingdom might flourish.
Jesus suffered so sinners could receive salvation. His death brought us life.

Apply It
Pilate asked a riveting question that consistently rises across the reaches of humanity: “What is
truth?” Pilate wondered aloud, and so do most people, as they try to make sense of this broken
world. Pilate and the Jewish leaders rejected ultimate truth in favor of their own distorted
reality. They focused on the ways of the world rather than those of heaven. What truth directs
your life and molds your priorities? This passage urges us to embrace God’s answer: the
battered man who stood before Pilate—God in human flesh. Jesus embodies truth and leads
us to truth.14 He died to break the stranglehold of sin and lies that entrap and enslave people.15
With Jesus as the source of truth, life’s deepest questions find their highest meaning. What is
truth to you? Who is truth to you?
Pilate focused on himself, his power, and his position. He feared the Sanhedrin’s threats and
Caesar’s fury. He thought himself mighty but proved himself weak. Do you focus on the right
things? In what way are you honoring what is fleeting and dismissing what will last forever?
Who or what do you fear more than God? The world’s power system exerts pressure on us in
many ways. Economic strain, relational stress, loss of control, and an uncertain future present
challenges that alarm and distress us. Pilate felt the pressure of life more than the presence
of God—even though Jesus was right there. Pilate succumbed to foolish choices driven by
uncertainty and indifference not faith. God is more important than anything else in your life.
How will you respond to God’s power and presence, which are stronger than anything you face?
Jesus’s quiet dignity before Pilate demonstrated His unfailing commitment to fulfill God’s plan
of salvation. He upheld truth before Pilate, sometimes without saying a word. This passage
puts Jesus’s submission and suffering on vibrant display. Let us gaze upon He who suffered
for us. Jesus stood before His accusers so Satan, the accuser of God’s people, would be
silenced.16 Jesus wore a robe that mocked His true kingship so we might be clothed in His
robes of righteousness.17 Jesus wore a thorny crown representing sin’s curse so He might
crown believers with righteousness that was not their own.18 Jesus endured Pilate’s circus
of thwarted justice, the taunts of His enemies, and undeserved trauma for us. Will you now
choose to stand firmly with Jesus on the side of truth? How does Jesus’s stand for truth
encourage you to live and serve Him without compromise? Every human being faces the exact
choice Pilate faced regarding Jesus. What is your choice? Who is Jesus to you?
14. The way, truth, and life: John 14:6

15. Sin’s slavery: John 8:34-36
16. Accuser silenced: Revelation 12:10
17. Robes of righteousness: Revelation 7:9-10
18. Crown of righteousness: Isaiah 61:3; 2 Timothy 4:8
JOHN: LESSON 25
The Crucifixion LESSON
of Jesus Christ SCRIPTURE

JOHN 19:17-30
Lesson Questions
1. From the lecture, tell what you found compelling, convicting, or challenging regarding Jesus
and His embodiment of truth.
2. How did the notes help you understand Jesus’s suffering and Pilate’s choice more clearly?

Jesus was crucified between two criminals.
3. What do you find particularly meaningful or thought-provoking in the following details John
recorded about Jesus’s crucifixion?
a. Jesus carried His own cross.
Lesson 25 | 347
b. Jesus was crucified between two criminals.
4. John’s simple words in verse 18, “There they crucified him,” offer a reverent expression of
Jesus’s torturous death.
a. What makes pondering the physical suffering Jesus endured particularly challenging
for you?
b. How does the painful reality of Jesus’s suffering reveal the seriousness of humanity’s
sin? (See also Isaiah 53:3-12 and 2 Corinthians 5:21.)
5. What is your response to Jesus as you think about what He endured and suffered in
this passage?

Jesus endured suffering and scorn as He died on the cross.
6. What did the sign that Pilate had fastened to Jesus’s cross say? Why did the chief
priests object?
7. a. How did Jesus suffer when the soldiers took His clothes and divided them
among themselves?
348 | Lesson 25
b. What does the fact that Jesus was stripped of His clothing signify? (See also Genesis 3:7;
Isaiah 53:2-3; 64:6; and 2 Corinthians 8:9.)
c. Tell the prophecy this fulfilled and explain why this is important.
8. Read Colossians 2:13-15. What did Jesus accomplish for you when He died on the cross?

Jesus compassionately cared for His mother.
9. a. Name the people gathered around Jesus’s cross.
b. Describe how you see Jesus’s thoughtfulness even in His suffering. (See also
Exodus 20:12.)
c. Jesus’s obedience took Him to the cross. His mother Mary’s honored calling came with
great suffering. What helps you trust God when His path for your life involves hardship?
10. What principles or lessons can you apply to your life from Jesus’s example?

Jesus gave up His spirit and died on the cross.
11. From verse 28, what might it mean that Jesus’s work was finished?
12. a. Which of His words and actions show Jesus’s battle was over and that He had
triumphed? (See also John 17:4.)
b. Read John 10:18. How did Jesus reveal His divine authority and submission to His
Father’s plan as He died?
13. a. What does “It is finished” mean for any sinner who repents and believes in Jesus Christ?
(See also Romans 3:23-24; 4:6-8, 23-25; and 8:1-2.)
b. How does this impact you personally?

The gift of our salvation cost Jesus His life.
14. What stands out to you as you reflect on Jesus’s willing and agonizing death on the cross?
John 19:17-30
350 | Lesson 25
Lecture Notes

Lesson 25 Notes
John 19:17-30
Focus Verse
“When he had received the drink, Jesus said, ‘It is finished.’ With that, he bowed his head
and gave up his spirit.” (John 19:30)
Outline
● Jesus’s Suffering on the Cross – John 19:17-24
● Jesus’s Compassion on the Cross – John 19:25-27
● Jesus’s Victory on the Cross – John 19:28-30
Engage
How do you respond when you read about Jesus’s death on the cross? What wells up within
you when you consider Jesus’s willing sacrifice? We should feel sadness over Jesus’s
suffering and the costliness of sin. However, these traumatic events represent the greatest
gift ever given. Jesus’s death provides the only source of eternal life and present hope. The
great love that took Jesus to the cross and kept Him there leaves us silenced in awe yet
overflowing with praise. Our familiarity with Jesus’s death should never eclipse its majesty.
The salvation we cherish came at a profound cost. The Savior we worship demonstrated
inexpressible love.
How do we prepare our hearts to approach this account? Lord, help us grow in our
understanding of the gift Jesus offered. What is the proper response to such an indescribable
gift? Lord, help us live in view of Your sacrifice. Our highest joy comes through the greatest
suffering ever known. Real nails pierced Jesus’s human hands and feet as He shed real
blood to set us free. The gift of our salvation cost Jesus His life. Jesus died, not as a tragic
victim, but as the triumphant victor over sin and death. Jesus paid a debt He did not owe to
offer us salvation we could not earn. Jesus died a man of sorrows acquainted with grief.1
But Jesus finished His God-ordained mission in triumph.
1. A man of sorrows: Isaiah 53
Jesus’s Suffering on the Cross – John 19:17-24

Jesus’s death on the cross was the most pivotal event in human history. When Jesus died, He
finished the essential work God sent Him to earth to accomplish. The Bible’s chief message and
the ultimate truth confronting every human rise from Jesus’s atoning sacrifice. John presents
Jesus’s death with dignified brevity that honors the Savior who died in our place.
352 | Lesson 25
The Agony of Jesus’s Death – 19:17-18
The Significance
Crucifixion was a method of execution designed to cause intense humiliation, prolonged
suffering, and an excruciating death. Likely beginning in ancient Persia, the deadly practice
spread quickly throughout the Mediterranean region. Cicero, one of Rome’s most influential
philosophers, deemed the violent cruelty of crucifixion unacceptable for any Roman citizen.1
However, Rome freely carried out this brutal execution method, not practiced against Roman
citizens, when dealing with people occupying its provinces. When Pilate gave in to the angry
crowd’s demands, Roman soldiers surrounded Jesus to crucify Him. Without delay, they led
Jesus away to carry out the cruel sentence on a man they deemed worthy of death.2
The Suffering
As a condemned prisoner, Jesus was expected to carry His own cross to the place of execution.
This cruel and humiliating practice was designed to publicly shame a person as a convicted
criminal. Jesus, already fragile from the flogging and physical abuse during His trials,3 willingly
carried the weight of His cross and humanity’s sin. However, His weakened and wounded human
body struggled to bear the weight of the wooden cross as He walked to the place of His death.4
Jesus was led to Golgotha, known as “the place of the skull.” To avoid public outcry and conform
to Jewish law, Rome executed criminals outside the walls of the city.5 However, the place for
Roman execution always existed near the city on a main road so many would be warned about
the seriousness of defying Rome.
At this desolate spot associated with death, Jesus hung on a cross between two criminals.
Jesus, the innocent sacrifice for humanity’s sin, took His place among the condemned. John
simply tells us, “There they crucified him.” He did not record the details of Jesus’s excruciating
suffering. We know that Jesus endured physical trauma, emotional pain, and spiritual agony.
The hands that healed the leper, opened blind eyes, and held little children were pierced with
nails. Jesus struggled to breathe with His outstretched arms and tortured body raised high on a
cross for the world to see. The death Jesus died represents cruelty we can scarcely describe.
The physical torment Jesus endured expressed His infinite love for humanity. His suffering
represents the costly price of sin. As Jesus hung on that cross, the Father laid upon His Son
the punishment for the most heinous acts of human evil and every sin committed by every
human throughout time. Jesus did not merely take on our sin but became sin for us.6 We gaze
upon the cross of Christ not to be repulsed by its ugliness but to be drawn to the beauty of a
suffering Savior who died in our place. This painful sacrifice came not just as the violent act of
evil men but as the loving gift of our heavenly Father.7 Jesus suffered for us.
1. Roman view of crucifixion: Cicero, “In Defense of Rabirius,” 16, in The Speeches of Cicero, trans. H. Grose Hodge (London:
Heinemann, 1927), 467.
2. Led to crucifixion: Matthew 27:27-31
3. Physical abuse: John 19:1-3
4. Jesus’s journey to the cross: Matthew 27:32; Mark 15:21; Luke 23:26
5. Execution outside the city: Exodus 29:14; Numbers 15:36; Hebrews 13:11-12
6. Jesus became sin for us: 2 Corinthians 5:21
7. Crushed by the Father: Isaiah 53:10-11

The Royal Inscription – 19:19-22
The Proclamation – 19:19-20
A soldier who accompanied a condemned man usually carried a sign listing the prisoner’s
crimes that was nailed to the cross at the place of execution. In Jesus’s case, Pilate ordered
the sign to proclaim, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” The message attached to
Jesus’s cross marked Him as guilty of sedition from a Roman perspective and included three
important languages of the ancient world:
● Aramaic – the daily language of the Jews in Judea at the time of Jesus
● Latin – the language of Roman civil law and government
● Greek – the common trade language of the eastern Roman Empire
Pilate posted his pronouncement in three languages so all could understand. God, however, had
a greater purpose—for all people to rightly recognize the glory of His Son. The three languages
represent the universal scope of the gospel. Jesus is not only King of the Jews8 but reigns
over all the earth and every part of life. He reigns forever.9 When God completely fulfills His plan
for the world, He will unite all things under Jesus Christ as King. On that day, everyone will bow
before King Jesus and acknowledge He is Lord.10
When God The Protest – 19:21-22

completely fulfills The chief priests objected to Pilate’s wording about Jesus. They urged Pilate,
His plan for the “Do not write ‘The King of the Jews,’ but that this man claimed to be king of the
world, He will unite Jews.” Though Pilate had earlier wavered under political pressure regarding
all things under Jesus’s death sentence, this time he remained steadfast. He replied, “What
Jesus Christ as I have written, I have written.” Whether Pilate wanted to irritate the Jews or
curiously chose to stand firm on this lesser issue, God’s truth prevailed. Jesus
King. On that day,
is indeed Israel’s King.
everyone will bow
before King Jesus Out of all the world’s nations, God chose the Jews as His people.11 God revealed
and acknowledge Himself to them and held them responsible to prepare the world for the coming
He is Lord. King—His Messiah.12 The leaders of Israel, God’s chosen nation, led the people to
reject their one true and eternal King.13
The Dividing of Jesus’s Clothes – 19:23-24

The soldiers attending to Jesus’s crucifixion took His clothes. Jesus endured the humiliation of
being publicly disrobed while people watched Him suffer. These soldiers, likely accustomed to
watching criminals die, stood beneath the cross of humanity’s suffering Savior and divided His
clothing among themselves. However, they gambled for His seamless tunic, reluctant to tear
the garment woven in one piece from top to bottom. This detail represents the fulfillment of a
8. King of the Jews: Matthew 2:1-6

9. Jesus’s united, eternal kingdom: Psalm 2; 72; Revelation 11:15
10. Every knee will bow: Philippians 2:9-11; Ephesians 1:10; Revelation 5:13
11. Chosen by God: Genesis 12:1-3; Deuteronomy 7:6-8; 2 Samuel 7:23-24; Romans 9:3-5
12. Coming King: Psalm 10:16; 45:6; Isaiah 42:6; 49:6
13. True King: Psalm 2; 1 Samuel 8:6-8; John 19:12-15
354 | Lesson 25
prophecy from Psalm 22:18. God’s Word never fails. David’s psalm relates to his own life but
also points to Christ. The specific fulfillment of prophecy validates the person and work of Christ
and His part in God’s redemptive plan. Only God could foretell and fulfill such specific details.
Beyond these physical details, Jesus’s nakedness bears spiritual significance. Jesus bore the
full force of sin’s curse, including a marred physical appearance and public disgrace. Isaiah
foretold long before that “there were many who were appalled at him.”14 Jesus suffered the
weight of every sin committed against God by all people across all generations. The Lord Jesus
felt the guilt of sin as if each sin were His own. He bore what those who do not turn to Him for
salvation will face after death, forever, if they do not repent.15
When Adam and Eve first sinned against God, they immediately realized their unclothed
state, inwardly and outwardly. Like all their sinful descendants, their pitiful attempts to
clothe themselves proved insufficient.16 The Lord graciously provided animal skins to cover
their nakedness.17 The clothing God provided to Adam and Eve points to Christ’s perfect
righteousness that God imputes to everyone who looks to His Son for salvation. Through
Christ’s sacrifice, believers are washed clean by His blood and clothed in His robe of
righteousness.18 Jesus was stripped naked and suffered sin’s curse so that all who come to
Him in faith might be clothed in His sinless perfection.
The intensity of Jesus’s suffering can be difficult to think about. Jesus willingly stepped up to
endure every cruel, shameful moment on the cross. His affliction was terrible because sin is
terrible. Jesus suffered excruciating physical torment, emotional stress, and public disgrace.
Beyond that, Jesus’s spiritual suffering as He bore the full weight of sin and experienced
separation from His Father cannot be adequately described. Jesus did this for us. We study
Jesus’s painful death not merely to be sad but to remember that we are saved because of His
sacrificial love on our behalf.
Jesus’s Compassion on the Cross – John 19:25-27

The scene surrounding Jesus’s cross reveals many people and a variety of responses. Pilate
succumbed to pressure and displayed weakness as he surrendered an innocent man to an
unjust death sentence. Roman soldiers carried out their duties with seeming callousness as
they watched Jesus suffer and die. The Jewish leaders and gawking crowd rejected the Savior
sent by God as they cried out for Jesus’s death. Two criminals endured their own suffering as
they hung on either side of eternity’s forsaken King. However, some who gathered around Jesus
and watched Him suffer loved Him deeply.
What was it like for those who knew and loved Jesus as they stood beneath His cross?
Confusion and intense sadness surely flooded their hearts and minds as they took in the events
John so discreetly recounts. John records a tender scene that further reveals Jesus’s heart of
compassion and love.
14. Jesus’s physical appearance: Isaiah 52:14; 53:2-3

15. Eternal suffering: Matthew 22:13; 25:30; Revelation 20:14-15
16. Inadequate covering: Genesis 3:7
17. Animal skins: Genesis 3:21
18. Robe of righteousness: Isaiah 61:10

Several women gathered around Jesus’s cross:
● Mary, Jesus’s mother – Three decades before, the angel Gabriel announced she would
conceive and give birth to a son.19 Her honored role as mother to the Messiah was not an
easy one.20 She bore a son conceived by God’s Spirit and watched Him die a death He did
not deserve. Whatever she understood, her pain at this moment must have been immense.
● His mother’s sister – The exact identification of the women with Mary can be difficult.
This was probably Salome,21 the wife of Zebedee and mother of James and John.
● Mary, wife of Clopas – God honored her love for Jesus by recording her courageous
presence at the cross. She may have been the woman identified as the mother of
“James the less” and Joses.22
● Mary Magdalene – Delivered from demon possession,23 she now gratefully followed
Jesus, even to the foot of the cross.
While nailed to the cross and enduring unspeakable torture, the Lord Jesus saw His mother
and attended to her care. Jesus provided for His mother as both law and love required.24 Mary
certainly looked upon her son, humanity’s Savior, with profound grief. Jesus entrusted Mary to
the care of a beloved disciple, whom most believe to be John, the writer of this Gospel. Jesus
said to Mary, “Woman, here is your son.” To John, Jesus said, “Here is your mother.” Jesus
honored His mother even as He died for the sins of the world.
Jesus’s Victory on the Cross – 19:28-30
“I Am Thirsty” – 19:28-29
After Jesus entrusted His mother to John, He prepared to die. Jesus’s last moments fulfilled
Scripture as He spoke His final words with His ultimate triumph in view. John’s account of
Jesus’s death focuses on His dignity and sovereignty as He completed His divine mission.
“Later”—after intense suffering John did not detail—Jesus spoke.
Jesus knew “everything had now been finished” and that Scripture had been fulfilled. Jesus’s
every response yielded to God’s eternal plan rather than His own comfort. Jesus said, “I am
thirsty.” Only John records these words. Jesus emerged from the terrible depths of spiritual
suffering and only then directed any attention to His physical needs. The end was in sight. We
cannot fully comprehend the intricate spiritual battle that took place within Jesus’s death. A
sponge soaked with vinegar was lifted to Jesus’s lips on a pole of hyssop.
Jesus’s expression of thirst revealed His humanity but also His divine purposefulness in
fulfilling prophecy. Psalm 22:15 describes Jesus’s extreme thirst: “My mouth is dried up like
a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth; you lay me in the dust of death.”
Psalm 69:21 says, “They put gall in my food and gave me vinegar for my thirst.” Hyssop was
19. Gabriel’s visit: Luke 1:26-28

20. Mary’s difficult calling: Luke 2:34-35
21. Salome: Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40; 16:1
22. Mary, wife of Clopas: Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40,47
23. Delivered from demon possession: Mark 16:9; Luke 8:2
24. Provision for Jesus’s mother: Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16; 1 Timothy 5:8
356 | Lesson 25
Declared Righteous Despite Our Sin
The Doctrine of Justification
Jesus’s death on the cross accomplished more than our minds can conceive. Jesus paid sin’s
price on behalf of all who look to Him for salvation. When Jesus died, He bore the sins of the
world. Jesus opened the way for repentant sinners to be justified—declared right with God.
A legal term, “justification” refers to God’s gracious act in forgiving and declaring
righteous the sinner who believes in Jesus Christ.1 God does not overlook anyone’s
debt of sin but accepts Christ’s payment for sin on behalf of the believer.2 God attributes
Christ’s perfect righteousness to the forgiven sinner. When Jesus died, He paid in full
every believer’s debt of guilt and sin. Clothed in Christ’s righteousness, believers enjoy
right standing with God. Justified sinners also enter the process of sanctification by the
indwelling Holy Spirit, who enables them to live a new life that increasingly reflects Christ.3
Everyone sins because we are all born with a sinful nature that automatically rebels against
God.4 Unless we turn to Christ for salvation, the penalty for our sin remains on us. No one
can earn salvation because the best we can offer will never satisfy God’s standard of perfect
righteousness. We cannot be justified before God without turning to Christ for salvation.
How can we express the wonder of justification in Christ? The pain Jesus suffered on
the cross represents the price He paid to justify sinners before a holy God. If you are a
believer, when God looks at you, He does not see your sin. Instead He sees only the perfect
righteousness of Jesus—who never sinned in word, thought, or deed. We do not deserve
justification but receive this gracious gift because of what Christ accomplished on our
behalf. Believers live in eternal gratitude for the Savior who suffered in their place and the
God who has declared them righteous. Justification is God’s gift—not earned but bought.
Jesus paid for our justification with His own blood—an amazing gift received by grace
through faith in Christ.
1. Justified: Romans 3:21-26; 4:25; 5:9
2. Free from sin’s penalty: Romans 5:18-19; 8:1-4; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Galatians 3:6
3. Sanctified: Romans 6:1-4; 8:12-13; 12:1-2; Galatians 5:16-26; Colossians 3:1-17
4. Sin within: Romans 3:9-18
utilized as part of the rituals in the first night of Passover.25 Jesus died as the Lamb of God—the
perfect Passover Lamb.26
“It Is Finished” – 19:30

“When he had received the drink, Jesus said, ‘It is finished.’ With that, he bowed his head and
gave up his spirit.” Jesus’s words were not a weary sigh of defeat but a bold declaration of
victory. Through His death and resurrection, Jesus defeated sin, death, and Satan for everyone
25. Hyssop: Exodus 12:22; Psalm 51:7

26. Passover Lamb: John 1:29; 1 Corinthians 5:7

who trusts Him for salvation.27 Jesus faithfully completed the ultimate purpose of His earthly
ministry. Every miraculous sign and powerful word pointed to this victory. The body of God’s
Son hung on a cross outside Jerusalem, but His joyful shout of victory reached across time and
throughout the universe.
Jesus bowed His head and released His spirit by deliberate surrender to death. In love and
faith, Jesus entrusted Himself into His Father’s keeping. The Father and the Son awaited the
resurrection of Jesus’s pierced body and the fulfillment of God’s grand plan of redemption.
God did not abandon Jesus to death and the grave but awaited yet another moment that would
celebrate heaven’s glorious triumph.28
Are you anxious to study Jesus’s resurrection? Indeed, Jesus rose from the grave as God’s
eternal redemptive plan continued to unfold. Believers often move quickly through passages
about Jesus’s crucifixion—anxious to celebrate the joy of His resurrection. Certainly Jesus
rose to claim the triumph His death purchased. However, we gain much spiritually by gazing at
Jesus’s horrific suffering and sacrificial death. We cannot grasp the seriousness of sin or the
sacrificial love of our Savior without thinking about Jesus’s cross. For believers, Jesus suffered
to end our suffering for all eternity. He paid the price of our sin and offered us His perfect
righteousness. The gift of our salvation cost Jesus His life. We do well to ponder the mystery
and majesty of Jesus’s cross.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Jesus willingly embraced His painful torment and death on the cross. His bruised body was
stripped naked and nailed to a wooden cross. Our sin leaves us spiritually naked—exposed with
no place to hide from God and His holiness. In infinite grace, Jesus bore our sin as He took the
place we rightfully deserved. His death was no accident. Jesus died not as the victim of evil
men but as the purposeful sacrifice of Holy God.
Even while Jesus suffered, He expressed compassionate care for His mother. Jesus embraced
fully the weight of sin and the redemptive purposes of God without faltering. Fulfilling Scripture,
He drank the cup of God’s wrath to its bitter dregs.29 Jesus finished His earthly mission with
triumphant finality. He yielded His spirit unto death, purchasing eternal life for all who receive
His gift of salvation. Jesus became sin so that believers might become righteous. The wonder
of His sacrifice will be celebrated for all eternity.
Apply It
Do you recognize your part in Jesus’s crucifixion? We can easily disdain Pilate, the fickle crowd,
the evil religious rulers, or the callous soldiers who gambled for Jesus’s clothes. The people in
Jerusalem that day put Jesus on the cross, no doubt. But who put Jesus on the cross—really?
27. Jesus's victory: 1 Corinthians 15:54-57; Hebrews 2:14-15

28. Not abandoned: Psalm 16:10; Acts 2:27
29. Cup of God’s wrath: Isaiah 51:17; Jeremiah 25:15; Matthew 20:22; 26:39; Revelation 14:9-10
358 | Lesson 25
First and foremost, God did. Our heavenly Father sent His only Son to earth as the God-man
who satisfied His righteous justice by dying on behalf of sinners. And second … we did. Every
one of us. Jesus did not hang on the cross for a faceless mob of people, but for you. He
knows your name. Jesus died so you might live eternally. How will you respond? Are you ever
amazed that Jesus died for you? Have you repented of your sins and turned to Jesus, who has
loved you in the greatest way possible? If not, why not?
We live in a world that hesitates to label anything as wrong. Sin has become
an increasingly foreign concept. The severity of Jesus’s suffering reveals the
Jesus died so that
seriousness of humanity’s sin. As eternal God in a human body, Jesus could
you can now live.
die for an infinite number of sins. He willingly suffered a cruel death we can May worship rise
scarcely bring ourselves to ponder. Jesus’s commitment to His divine mission from our hearts
shone through His excruciating pain. Though He was humanity’s rightful King, as we praise our
Jesus took the form of a humble servant. He suffered willingly and finished Savior, whose
His mission gloriously. We study the cross to understand the gravity of sin, death reveals more
the beauty of salvation, and the wonder of Jesus the Savior. How has your love than we can
understanding of God’s compassion, love, grace, mercy, justice, and holiness comprehend.
grown as you have gazed at Jesus on the cross?
We finish a lesson like this eager to turn our thoughts to the empty tomb. Before you do,
consider the privilege God has granted you this week. God offers you an opportunity to wrestle
with what Jesus endured for you. Jesus carried the cross upon which He would die. He took
His place between two criminals who likely deserved the sentence they received. He hung
his thorn-crowned head under words that simultaneously mocked and exposed the truth that
He was indeed Jesus, the King of the Jews. He felt the nails that pierced His hands and feet.
Stripped naked, Jesus took His place on a wooden cross made from a tree He designed. He
heard the scoffing yet noticed His mother. He expressed His physical thirst and willed His own
death. Jesus died so that you can now live. May worship rise from our hearts as we praise our
Savior, whose death reveals more love than we can comprehend.

JOHN: LESSON 26
The Burial LESSON
of Jesus Christ SCRIPTURE

JOHN 19:31-42
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you grasp the gravity and meaning of Jesus’s death on the cross?
2. What truths in the lecture helped you appreciate the sacrificial cost Jesus paid to cover
your sin and the sin of humanity?

With Sabbath approaching, the Jewish leaders wanted the bodies removed from the crosses.
3. Why did the Jewish leaders ask Pilate to break the legs of the crucified men? (See also
Deuteronomy 21:22-23.)
Lesson 26 | 361
4. a. What was wrong with the leaders’ adherence to God’s Law in light of their role in
Jesus’s crucifixion?
b. What lessons do you learn from this?
5. For what aspects of Jesus’s obedience are you especially thankful today? (See also
John 18:11; Philippians 2:8; or other Bible verses.)

A Roman guard pierced Jesus’s side.
6. a. How does this passage show Jesus actually died physically?
b. Why is this important?
7. How did the circumstances surrounding Jesus’s death fulfill the symbolism of the Passover
Lamb? (See also Exodus 12:2-13; Numbers 9:12; and John 1:29.)
362 | Lesson 26
8. a. What do you learn about Jesus from the Old Testament prophecies that speak of His
pierced side? (See also Isaiah 53:5-6 and Zechariah 12:10; 13:1.)
b. How does this impact your worship of Jesus?

Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus removed Jesus’s body from the cross.
9. Describe the men who buried Jesus. (See also Luke 23:50-52 and John 3:1-21;
7:47-52; 12:42-43.)
10. a. What did these men lose while they did not publicly identify with Jesus?
b. What did these men risk but also gain by coming forward to bury Jesus?
11. a. What fear or compromise keeps you or someone you know from fully following Jesus?
b. How might God be challenging you to step into open faith in Christ and
courageous obedience?

Fifth Day: Reread John 19:38-42.
Jesus’s body was anointed and buried in a new tomb.
12. How do the details of Jesus’s anointing and burial fulfill biblical prophecy? (See also
Psalm 16:10; Isaiah 53:9; and Matthew 2:9-11; 27:57-60.)
13. In what ways does the tender care for Jesus’s body impact your reverence for your Lord?

Jesus’s burial prepares us for His glorious resurrection.
14. Consider the death and burial of Jesus. How do you participate in Jesus’s death and burial?
John 19:31-42

364 | Lesson 26
Lecture Notes

Lesson 26 Notes
John 19:31-42
Focus Verse
“These things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled: ‘Not one of his bones will
be broken,’ and, as another scripture says, ‘They will look on the one they have pierced.’”
(John 19:36-37)
Outline
● The Reality of Jesus’s Death – John 19:31-37
● The Royalty of Jesus’s Burial – John 19:38-42
Engage
We often struggle as we read Scripture’s account of Jesus’s torturous agony on the cross.
Our natural inclination is to scurry to the narrative of His victorious resurrection. However,
the time between the cross and empty tomb presents precious moments to pause and
reflect. This week’s lesson allows us to catch our breath and attempt to grasp the enormity
of Jesus’s sacrifice. The depth of God’s sovereignty and grace, the cost of Jesus’s sacrifice,
and God’s profound love shine through these 12 verses.
Jesus’s persecutors subjected humanity’s Savior to utter indignity, piercing His injured body
to validate His death. In notable contrast, Jesus’s friends courageously secured, lovingly
tended, and honorably anointed Jesus’s battered body. With heavenly shouts of victory over
death on the horizon, we come to this quiet Sabbath eve to reflect and worship. The scene
surrounding Jesus’s death positions us to ponder the incalculable value of His victory.
The Reality of Jesus’s Death – 19:31-37

By design, crucifixion on a Roman cross brought a slow and torturous death. The suffocation,
exposure, and blood loss causing death could take up to two days or even much longer.
Rather than bury the executed, the Romans often left bodies hanging publicly to communicate
contempt over those they ruled and to warn against rebellion. The bodies of the executed were
sometimes thrown to the ground for the vultures.
The sinless Son of God took sin’s curse for us on a cruel cross. The Apostle Paul wrote, “Christ
redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us.”1 Jesus bore disgrace and
1. Curse for us: Galatians 3:10-13
366 | Lesson 26
shame He did not deserve, out of His great love for humanity. The details of Jesus’s actual
death present corroborating evidence that validates His resurrection.
The Leaders’ Request – 19:31

The law of Moses forbade leaving a body “hanging on the pole” overnight.2 God’s curse would
be upon anyone executed this way. To leave a body impaled, crucified, or hanging overnight
desecrated the land. God’s provision of this law foreshadowed His Son’s death on a Roman cross.3
In Israel, sunset marked the end of one day and the beginning of the next.4 The Passover
Sabbath began at sundown on the day of Jesus’s crucifixion. The Jewish leaders anxiously
and urgently wanted the crucified men to die quickly, but this was not out of compassion. They
wanted the men’s bodies removed before the holy day began.
To hasten the deaths of Jesus and the two men alongside Him, the Jewish leaders asked
Pilate to order the soldiers to break the legs of the crucified men. This cruel practice left the
men unable to push themselves up to breathe. In such a state, death by suffocation would
quickly follow. With the corpses out of sight, the leaders could celebrate Passover with a clear
conscience. Their concern for compliance with the external formalities overshadowed the
callousness of their request.
The Soldiers’ Task – 19:32-33

The Roman soldiers probably welcomed the order to break the prisoners’ legs. The sooner
the prisoners died, the earlier their gruesome duty ended. This responsibility could even be
considered an act of mercy, hastening the death and ending the cruel suffering of the cross.
These experienced executioners approached the three crosses, prepared to smash the legs of the
condemned men. After breaking the legs of the two thieves, they approached the center cross. To
the soldiers’ surprise, they discovered Jesus had already died, so they did not break His legs.
Jesus’s Pierced Side – 19:34

Seeking assurance of Jesus’s death, the solders pierced Jesus’s side with a spear. John
records an extraordinary physical phenomenon when one of the soldiers pierced Jesus’s side
after His death. A stream of blood and water flowed from the Savior’s lifeless body.
Several possible explanations for the blood and water have been suggested:
● This represents a rare but natural event resulting from a ruptured heart. The blood would
mix with normally clear fluid surrounding the heart.
● This signifies a miracle—the supernatural preservation of Jesus’s body to prevent decay.

The flow of blood and water visibly revealed God’s intervention.
● Many interpret the blood and water spiritually and symbolically.
2. Desecration: Deuteronomy 21:22-23

3. Plan for the cross: Acts 2:23-24
4. Marking of a day: Genesis 1:5; Leviticus 23:32

The Significance of Blood and Water in Scripture
Blood
Humanity’s sin results in separation from God, who is perfectly righteous, holy, and set
apart from everything evil.1 In love and grace, God provided a substitute, His own Son, to
pay the penalty our sin deserves.
In the Old Testament, God declared to Israel, “For the life of a creature is in the blood, and
I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that
makes atonement for one’s life.”2 The New Testament confirms, “Without the shedding
of blood there is no forgiveness [of sin].”3 The sacrificial system of the Old Testament
pointed to Jesus, who died as the ultimate offering for sin.4 Animal sacrifices are no longer
necessary.5 Jesus’s death provides reconciliation to God for all who trust in Him.
At the Last Supper, Jesus lifted the cup and said, “This is my blood of the covenant, which is
poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.”6 John, who wrote this Gospel, drank from
that cup. Surely the significance of that night resonated deeply within his memory. John later
wrote a message he longed for God’s people to know: “The blood of Jesus ... purifies us from
all sin.”7 As an elderly apostle imprisoned on the Greek island of Patmos, John declared the
truth that sustained him: Jesus “loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood.”8
Water
Jesus said the water He gives to believers is “a spring ... welling up to eternal life.”9 He
promised, “Whoever believes in me, ... rivers of living water will flow from within them. By
this he meant the Spirit.”10 The water that flowed from Jesus’s body may point to the new
spiritual life that is given to all who believe and receive Jesus.11 The Bible’s final chapters
repeat Jesus’s promise. God invites all who thirst to receive “water without cost from the
spring of the water of life.”12 The Spirit and the Church repeat the invitation: “Let the one
who is thirsty come; and let the one who wishes take the free gift of the water of life.”13
1. Set apart from evil: Habakkuk 1:13
2. Atonement: Leviticus 17:11
3. Shedding of blood: Hebrews 9:22
4. Sin offering: Romans 3:25-26; 8:1-4
5. Animal sacrifices not necessary: Hebrews 10:1, 4
6. Last Supper: Matthew 26:28; Luke 22:20
7. Purification from sin: 1 John 1:7
8. Freed from sin: Revelation 1:5
9. Living water: John 4:14
10. Spirit: John 7:38-39
11. New life: John 1:12-13
12. Water of life: Revelation 21:6
13. Let the thirsty come: Revelation 22:17
Whatever explanation accounts for this detail, John wanted his readers to grasp the essential
historical fact that the Lord Jesus truly died physically. Jesus Christ was pierced for our
transgressions. His lifeblood was poured out for us.5
5. Blood poured out: Luke 22:20
368 | Lesson 26
A Corroborating Witness – 19:35
John—“the man who saw it”—presented himself as another personal witness to Jesus’s
death. Throughout his Gospel, John clearly and consistently expressed his desire that people
recognize who Jesus is and come to faith in Him.6 Here, John offered his own testimony to
support his highest purpose—“so that you also may believe.”
Fulfilled Prophecy – 19:36-37

John also included the corroborating witness of the Old Testament Scriptures. The Holy Spirit
inspired John to recognize God’s sovereignty over the circumstances surrounding Jesus’s
death. Earlier, the soldiers had unconsciously fulfilled prophecy by casting lots for the Lord’s
clothes.7 Similarly, God worked through the Roman soldiers to fulfill other prophecies about
Jesus’s crucifixion.
The Roman soldiers likely knew nothing about God’s requirements for the Passover lamb. Yet
their treatment of Jesus fulfilled another specific detail God had ordained. Scripture dictated
that none of the Passover lamb’s bones could be broken.8 David recorded a similar prophecy
regarding God’s preservation of a righteous man.9 Amazingly, God protected His Passover
Lamb10 from any broken bones. Jesus gave up His spirit at exactly the right moment so He was
unmistakably dead when the soldiers approached.11
God again fulfilled prophecy when the soldier callously pierced Jesus’s side to verify His
death. Hundreds of years earlier, Isaiah foretold, “He was pierced for our transgressions, he
was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by
his wounds we are healed.”12 Centuries after Isaiah, and still four centuries before Jesus’s
crucifixion, the prophet Zechariah’s words also pointed to Jesus as he wrote, “They will look on
me, the one they have pierced.”13 Zechariah clearly identified the speaker of these words as “the
Lord, who stretches out the heavens, who lays the foundation of the earth.”14
God’s work continues among the people He calls to Himself. In Zechariah’s prophecy, the Lord
promised He would “pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit
of grace and supplication. They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn
for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly.”15 At Pentecost, God fulfilled more
of Zechariah’s prophecy. Peter preached of Jesus’s death and resurrection, and many “were cut
to the heart and said ... ‘Brothers, what shall we do?’” About 3,000 repented and were baptized
that day.16
God’s prophetic words about His Son’s atoning death apply to both Jews and Gentiles who
personally receive Jesus as the Messiah and Savior. All who understand Jesus’s suffering on
their behalf experience both profound joy and grateful grief. As Zechariah foretold, through
6. John’s consistent aim: John 20:31

7. Casting lots: Psalm 22:18; John 19:23-24
8. Unbroken bones: Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12
9. Righteous man: Psalm 34:19-20
10. Passover Lamb: 1 Corinthians 5:7
11. Jesus’s control of timing: John 10:18; 19:30
12. Pierced for our transgressions: Isaiah 53:5
13. The one pierced: Zechariah 12:10
14. Stretches out the heavens: Zechariah 12:1
15. Mourning: Zechariah 12:10
16. Baptized: Acts 2:37-38, 41

Jesus’s blood God opened a “fountain” to cleanse us “from sin and impurity.”17 In addition,
God promises a day when the people of Israel will mourn that they pierced the Lord God, the
Messiah that God sent. For all who repent and believe, Jesus’s blood will wash away their sins
and set them free.
Jesus will return in His glorified body—the same body that was pierced for us on the cross. On
that day, every person will see Him. Those who have received His sacrifice for sin will rejoice.
Revelation 1:7 promises: “‘Look, he is coming with the clouds,’ and ‘every eye will see him, even
those who pierced him’; and all peoples on earth ‘will mourn because of him.’”
The Royalty of Jesus’s Burial – 19:38-42

Three bodies were taken down from their crosses. A new day would soon begin. However, this
Passover celebration in Jerusalem incorporated so much more than an ordinary change of day.
The beginning of God’s promised Sabbath rest,18 the completion of the old covenant, and the
blessings of a new and better covenant awaited redeemed humanity.19 Our crucified Lord was
buried between these two eras.
The Bold Request – 19:38-39a

Jesus’s enemies could no longer touch Him. Jesus remained in the company of His friends
until He ascended to heaven.
Joseph –19:38
One friend, a man named Joseph, came from the Judean town of Arimathea. Joseph, known
as a “good and upright man,” served as a member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish leadership
council.20 Because no one defended Jesus at His trial, Joseph may not have been aware of the
hastily called trial until it was too late. If he was present, fear silenced him.
Joseph was “waiting for the kingdom of God,”21 indicating his faith in God’s
For all who repent promise to send the Messiah. Joseph saw Jesus as God’s promised Messiah
and believe, Jesus’s and became a secret disciple of the Lord. However, fear kept him from
blood will wash following Jesus openly. John wrote that “many even among the leaders”
away their sins and believed in Jesus but “would not openly acknowledge their faith ... for they
set them free. loved human praise more than praise from God.”22
While others fled, Joseph dared to go publicly to Pilate. There was no turning
back. According to the law of Moses, touching a body would render him ceremonially unclean.
Joseph would have to postpone celebrating Passover.23 There would be no way to keep his act
of tender devotion to Jesus private. Joseph risked not only his position with the Sanhedrin but
also excommunication from the synagogue.24
17. Cleansed: Zechariah 13:1

18. Sabbath rest: Hebrews 4:1-11
19. New covenant: Jeremiah 31:31-34; Ezekiel 36:25-27; Luke 22:20
20. Joseph’s background: Mark 15:43; Luke 23:50-51
21. Waiting for the kingdom: Luke 23:51
22. Love of praise: John 12:42-43
23. Postponed celebration: Numbers 9:6-13
24. Joseph’s risks: John 9:22; 12:42
370 | Lesson 26
The Deadly Cost of Our Sin
The Doctrine of Humanity: Fall and Judgment
Though we struggle to consider the battered body of our sinless Savior on the cross and
in the grave, His death remains necessary. Every member of humanity deserves death as
the just penalty for sin. Jesus’s willingness to take our place and suffer the Father’s wrath
makes His crucifixion an act of amazing grace and an expression of unfathomable love.
God created humanity for a pure and eternal relationship with Him. Genesis 3 records that
our original parents, Adam and Eve, wanted to be like God. They disobeyed God’s will and
sinned against their Creator. The damage inflicted by their choice to sin impacts all of us.
Everyone born since has inherited Adam and Eve’s sinful nature.1 Rather than seek God and
His righteousness, we all naturally rebel against God2 and hide from Him.3
Sin requires judgment, and the just penalty for sin is death.4 Because sin infects our
internal nature, we are born destined for death. God provided the solution that makes it
possible for us to escape the judgment we rightfully deserve. His Son died in our place as
the perfect sacrifice that satisfied God’s wrath and conquered sin and death.5
To refuse God’s gift of salvation through His Son means bearing the judgment for our own
sin, in this life and for all eternity. When we do not believe in Jesus Christ and accept His
blood to cover our sin, we will experience eternal death and will be forever separated from
God and all believers.
When we believe in Jesus Christ, we are born again and made alive in God.6 After our life
on earth, we will receive a renewed body patterned after Jesus’s resurrected and ascended
body.7 God has provided the righteousness He requires by sending His Son to save us.
1. Inherited sinful nature: Romans 3:23; 5:12
2. Rebellion against God: Deuteronomy 9:24; Romans 3:10-12; 8:7-8
3. Hide from God: Genesis 3:8
4. Death penalty: Genesis 3:19
5. Overcome sin and death: Romans 3:9-20; 5:12-14; 6:23
6. Made alive: 2 Corinthians 5:17; Ephesians 2:5; Colossians 2:13
7. New bodies: 1 Corinthians 15:42-44, 49-57; Philippians 3:21; 1 John 3:1-3
Nicodemus – 19:39a
Nicodemus, another member of the Sanhedrin, joined Joseph. Earlier in Jesus’s ministry,
Nicodemus approached Jesus late at night.25 He had also defended Jesus in the council.26 Did
Joseph and Nicodemus share quiet, guarded conversations about Jesus? Had Joseph heard
about Jesus’s earlier statement to Nicodemus that “no one can see the kingdom of God unless
they are born again”?27 We cannot fully understand how these two prominent Jewish leaders
kept their growing faith to themselves. But now they came together in shared grief to offer
Jesus the burial He deserved.
25. Nicodemus’s visit: John 3:1-15

26. Nicodemus’s defense of Jesus: John 7:50-52
27. Born again: John 3:3

The Majestic Anointing – 19:39b-40
Joseph and Nicodemus carried Jesus’s lifeless body to a nearby garden and to Joseph’s own
new tomb.28 Other Gospel accounts record that a few faithful women followed at a distance,
forming their own small funeral procession for the Savior of the world.29
We can only imagine the grief and pain involved in preparing Jesus’s body for burial after such
a brutal death. A thorny crown scarred Jesus’s head. Nails pierced His hands and feet. A spear
had been cruelly thrust into His side. These two “secret” disciples now took a bold stand as
they attended to Jesus’s wounded body with tenderness and care.
The two men followed Jewish burial customs. Joseph brought linen strips to wrap the body.30
Both men, wealthy by the world’s standards,31 honored Jesus with extravagant gifts. They gave
the Lord in death what they failed to give him in His life—their best. Nicodemus brought a costly
gift of about 75 pounds of myrrh and aloes. Joseph offered the unused tomb he had purchased
for his own burial. These lavish gifts represented a burial fit for a king.32 These two men risked
temporal loss as they performed this humble, difficult task out of love for the Lord. Jesus’s
death was cruel, but His burial was regal.
The Prepared Tomb – 19:41-42

As with Jesus’s death, the circumstances of Jesus’s burial also fulfilled prophecy. Isaiah
prophesied: “He was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death.”33
John included details that offer important insights into Jesus’s burial. Joseph and Nicodemus
buried Jesus in a garden tomb. God placed the first man and woman in the garden of Eden,34
also the place where sin entered the world.35 Jesus prayed and was arrested in the Garden of
Gethsemane.36 Jesus victoriously rose from the dead and left behind the empty tomb, also
situated in a garden. One day, those saved from sin will thrive in the presence of the Lord God
in a garden in the New Jerusalem.37
John emphasized Jesus’s burial in “a new tomb, in which no one had ever been laid.” Typically,
family members shared a tomb.38 This points to another prophecy. David foretold how the
Messiah’s body “would never see decay.”39
The place of Jesus’s burial was located near the place of His death. This location offered
practical benefits. As sundown drew near, Joseph and Nicodemus hurried to complete the
burial preparations. Convenient proximity expedited their work, as the law prohibited work on
the Sabbath. God also timed the day of Jesus’s death near the soon-coming day of His glorious
resurrection. Sorrow and sadness loomed large, but great joy awaited nearby.
28. Joseph’s tomb: Matthew 27:60

29. Women followed: Mark 15:47; Luke 23:55
30. Burial linen: Mark 15:46
31. Costly gifts: Matthew 27:57
32. King’s burial: 2 Chronicles 16:14
33. Rich in His death: Isaiah 53:9
34. Eden: Genesis 2:10-15
35. Sin entered in a garden: Genesis 3:5
36. Garden of Gethsemane: Matthew 26:36; Mark 14:32; John 18:1
37. God’s garden in New Jerusalem: Revelation 22:1-6
38. Shared tomb: Genesis 23:19; 25:9-11
39. Never see decay: Psalm 16:10; Acts 2:25-31
372 | Lesson 26
After wrapping the body, Joseph and Nicodemus laid Jesus’s anointed body on a shelf in the
tomb. A heavy stone was rolled over the entrance, and they left. In the quiet of dusk, on this
Day of Preparation preceding the Passover, God set the stage for the burst of victory to come.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Our Lord Jesus Christ truly died on the cross. Scripture and God-appointed witnesses leave
no doubt. Jesus did not merely lose consciousness or pretend to die. Jesus’s executioners
and John, the author of this Gospel, witnessed and confirmed His physical death. Joseph and
Nicodemus fulfilled prophecy as they lavishly prepared Jesus’s body for burial in Joseph’s new,
undefiled tomb. The evidence of Jesus’s cruel death, royal burial, and victorious resurrection
prove God’s love and power to accomplish His plan for His people.
The details of Jesus’s death point to the cruelty of Jesus’s enemies, the kindness of His friends,
and God’s sovereignty. Human plots and divine plans converged when Jesus died as the
ultimate Passover Lamb. Religious leaders wanted Jesus to die. Governmental officials made
it happen. Soldiers drove the nails and pierced Jesus’s side but did not break His legs. God
ordained it all.40 His grace resonates through every detail of Jesus’s death and burial. Jesus
Christ, the promised Messiah, took our place and died the death we deserve.
Apply It If you are a believer,

Jesus lived His perfect life for you. He satisfied the Law’s requirements for Jesus has paid the
you. Jesus was mistreated for you, suffered for you, died for you, and was penalty and has
buried for you. To participate in Christ’s life means also participating in His broken sin’s power
death and burial.41 Have you trusted in Jesus Christ for salvation? If you are over you. In glory,
a believer, Jesus has paid the penalty and has broken sin’s power over you. In He will free you
glory, He will free you from sin’s presence forever. With this in mind, we join from sin’s
Paul’s proclamation of freedom: “I have been crucified with Christ and I no presence forever.
longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I now live in the body, I live by faith
in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.”42
Nicodemus and Joseph came out of hiding to offer Jesus a respectful burial. What does it take
to bring your commitment to Christ into the open? Many times, we prefer to confine our faith
to “safe” spaces where we can avoid disdain or criticism. For Nicodemus and Joseph, it took
Jesus’s cruel death at the hands of His enemies for them to realize that aligning with Jesus
was worth it. What does it take for you to be willing to stand up and stand out for the cause
of Christ? In what ways are you attempting to be a secret disciple of Jesus? The Savior who
willingly bore open shame on your behalf deserves your uncompromising loyalty.
40. God-ordained circumstances: Acts 2:23

41. New life through death: Romans 6:3-4
42. Crucified with Christ: Galatians 2:20

A deep look at Jesus’s death and burial calls believers to ponder their identification with
Christ. Those who trust Christ for salvation recognize that He suffered and died in their place.
Not only that, by God’s grace, a believer’s sins are removed from His sight—buried with Christ.43
Too often, Christians feel imprisoned by past sins—their own or injustices committed against
them. If you are a believer, how might you be enslaved by your past? This is as senseless as
digging up a rotting corpse. If you are united with Christ, your former life was buried with Him
in His tomb. God has raised you to live a transformed life.44 How might you experience the new
life God intends for you?
Through this study, we have looked at God’s amazing gift through Jesus’s sacrificial death. This
story offers more than sad or interesting facts. The cross of Christ represents the pinnacle of
human history and a decision point facing every human. God brought you here. You can look
at Christ and live—truly live—in this life and for eternity. Or you can choose not to believe and
remain outside God’s forgiveness. Neutrality is not an option. Those who refuse His sacrifice
will mourn forever. If you have never trusted Jesus for salvation, perhaps today is the day you
move from death to life. By faith, believe that Jesus’s precious blood powerfully cleanses the
darkest corners of your heart and frees you to experience a vibrant relationship with God.
Jesus died so we might live. What will you do with Jesus?
43. Buried with Christ: Colossians 2:12-14

44. New life in Christ: Romans 6; Colossians 2:1-14
JOHN: LESSON 27
Jesus’s LESSON
Resurrection SCRIPTURE
JOHN 20
Lesson Questions
1. What thoughts from the lecture helped you connect God’s prophecy and plan with Jesus’s
death on the cross?
2. How did the notes help deepen your understanding of the cost of your sin?

Mary Magdalene, Peter, and John encountered the empty tomb.
3. What do Mary Magdalene’s words and actions reveal about her relationship with Jesus and
the other disciples?
Lesson 27 | 375
4. How do the actions of Peter and John (the “other disciple”) reveal the differences in
their personalities?
5. a. What did Peter and John see in the tomb?
b. Why did this convince John that Jesus had risen?
6. a. Why did John say, “Jesus had to rise from the dead”? (See also John 11:25-26;
Romans 4:25; Ephesians 1:18-21; or other Bible verses.)
b. What difference has Jesus’s resurrection made in your life?

Mary encountered the risen Lord.
7. a. What did Jesus do to cause Mary to recognize Him? (See also John 10:1-5.)
b. In what ways are you blessed as you apply this truth to yourself?
8. What did Jesus communicate in His words to Mary in verse 17? (There are several
viewpoints. Use other relevant Bible verses to support your explanation.)
376 | Lesson 27
9. Describe the lessons or encouragement you draw from Mary’s announcement to Jesus’s
disciples in verse 18.

Jesus encountered His fearful disciples.
10. a. How did the Lord show His kindness and desire to build His disciples’ faith?
b. In what ways has the Lord shown you kindness to build your faith?
11. Give several proofs that Jesus’s physical body was resurrected. Why is this evidence
important? (See also Luke 24:40-43; Acts 1:3; and 1 Corinthians 15:3-8.)
12. Explain how the Lord’s commission to His disciples in verses 21-23 relates to the following:
Their honor and opportunity
Their authority
Their power to accomplish His commission
Their message

Jesus encountered His doubting disciple, Thomas.
13. a. Describe Thomas’s strengths and weaknesses. (See also John 11:7-16; 14:5.)
b. Which of these strengths and weaknesses do you share? How are you convicted
or encouraged?
14. a. What convinced Thomas that Jesus was risen and is God?
b. How did Thomas acknowledge his faith?
15. a. From verses 30-31, what did John reveal regarding the contents of his book?
b. What was John’s ultimate purpose for everything he wrote?
c. How has John’s purpose been accomplished in you this year?

The empty tomb proclaims Jesus’s victory over death.
16. How did your study of Jesus’s resurrection challenge your doubts or give you confidence to
tell others about Him?

378 | Lesson 27
Lecture Notes

Lesson 27 Notes
John 20
Focus Verse
“Then Jesus told him, ‘Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those
who have not seen and yet have believed.’” (John 20:29)
Outline
● Encounters with the Empty Tomb – John 20:1-10
● Encounters with the Risen Lord – John 20:11-31
Engage
Pivotal encounters set the course of our lives. A first date, a newborn child, a job interview,
the exchange of marriage vows, or a farewell to a loved one represent significant milestones
that shape us. Each is memorable. These destiny-defining moments create a textured
mountain range of experience and emotion that mold the relief map of our unique lives.
Jesus Christ’s death sent His disciples into the depths of dark despair. They hid in fear,
paralyzed by an uncertain future. The disciples had no idea they would soon witness a
gloriously empty, suddenly vacant tomb. As a new day dawned, first Mary Magdalene,
then John and Peter, and then the rest of the disciples encountered their risen Savior. One
by one, they became witnesses of the greatest news the world would ever know—Jesus
is alive! The empty tomb proclaims Jesus’s victory over death. The risen Christ gives
transforming new life to all who turn to Him for salvation. God the Father vindicated His Son
when Jesus rose from the dead by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Encounters with the Empty Tomb – John 20:1-10

After a full day and restless night mourning the loss of their beloved Shepherd and Savior, a
new day offered little to lighten the grief of Jesus’s most faithful followers. The image of their
longed-for Messiah, mangled and lifeless on a cross, remained fresh and raw in their broken
hopes and hearts. They did not expect the unimaginable victory and reunion that awaited them
as the sun rose on that morning.
Mary Magdalene – 20:1-2

Mary Magdalene, after obediently waiting Sabbath’s end, made her way to Jesus’s tomb before
Sunday’s sunrise. Accompanied by other women,1 Mary brought spices they had prepared
1. With other women: Mark 16:1
380 | Lesson 27
to anoint Jesus’s body. Whether unaware of the myrrh and aloes provided by Nicodemus2
or simply eager to perform one final service for the Lord they loved, Mary and her friends
discovered something amazing.
To her shock, Mary saw the heavy stone sealing Jesus’s tomb had been rolled away. She
concluded that someone, perhaps grave robbers, had stolen Jesus’s body. She ran quickly to
inform the disciples of the distressing news.
John and Peter – 20:3-7

The Sprint to the Tomb – 20:3-5
Upon hearing Mary’s news, Peter and “the other disciple, the one Jesus loved,” ran to the
tomb. The “other disciple” refers to John, who never mentions himself by name in his Gospel.
Interestingly, John noted that he outran Peter. Upon arriving at the empty tomb, John stooped
to look into the low entrance without entering, taking in the details before his stunned eyes.
The Scene at the Tomb – 20:6-7

While John continued to peer into the empty tomb, Peter arrived and entered without hesitation.
John details the condition of Jesus’s grave clothes that he and Peter observed. The strips of
linen that Joseph and Nicodemus had so carefully wrapped around Jesus’s body lay right
where He had been laid to rest. The noteworthy orderliness of the linen strips and nearby
head cloth communicated something important. A grave robber would never have left the
linen strips in this condition or have taken Jesus’s unwrapped body. These details seemed to
indicate that Jesus had passed through the grave clothes, leaving them undisturbed as He
rose from the dead.
The Response of John – 20:8-10

As John entered the tomb, his growing faith took a mighty leap forward: “He saw and
believed.” Scripture clearly indicates that Jesus’s disciples had neither understood Jesus’s
death nor anticipated His resurrection.3 However, at the empty tomb, the seed of understanding
planted in the fertile soil of John’s heart took root. Jesus had risen from the dead!
John also noted that he and the disciples did not yet fully comprehend Scripture’s teaching
that “Jesus had to rise from the dead.”4 A deeper understanding awaited them. After time
with Jesus following His resurrection5 and Pentecost,6 the Holy Spirit would expand their
understanding and empower the apostles to boldly proclaim Old Testament prophecy7 and
its fulfillment.8
2. Nicodemus’s care: John 19:39

3. Slow to believe: Luke 24:25-27, 44-46
4. Prophecy of Jesus’s resurrection: Jonah 1:17; Matthew 12:38-41; 16:4; 17:23; Luke 11:29-32; John 2:19
5. Post-resurrection appearances: Acts 1:3
6. Pentecost: Acts 2
7. Prophecy of no decay: Psalm 16:10
8. Fulfillment of no decay: Acts 2:25-31; 13:34-35

Jesus’s Resurrection: The Witnesses and Evidence
Supporting evidence for the resurrection of Jesus Christ surpasses many events recorded
in ancient history. The testimony of many witnesses and the detailed accounts compiled
shortly after the events offer compelling proof that Jesus rose from the dead.
● The disciples expressed no hope of Jesus’s physical resurrection before it happened.1
● The tomb was empty when the angel rolled away the stone and announced Jesus’s
resurrection, despite the Roman soldiers assigned to seal and guard the tomb.2
● Had Jesus not risen, the Roman and Jewish leaders would have found evidence.
Instead, the chief priests bribed the guards to say they fell asleep on duty.3
● The grave clothes remained in place in the empty tomb where Jesus’s body was laid.4
● At least two women physically clasped Jesus’s feet and worshiped Him.5
● Jesus showed and allowed His disciples to touch His wounds.6
● Jesus walked, talked, taught, and ate with believers at various times and places.7
● Jesus appeared to 500 at one time. When Paul published this fact, most of the 500
were still alive to confirm the truth.8
● Many witnessed Jesus ascend bodily into the clouds of heaven.9
● The witnesses to the truth of Jesus’s bodily resurrection gladly suffered ridicule,
persecution, and even death.10 No witnesses suffer willingly for what they know to
be untrue.
● The changed lives of believers offer enduring evidence of Jesus’s resurrection.11

1. No hope: Luke 24:13-24
2. Sealed, guarded tomb: Matthew 27:62-66; 28:2-4; Luke 24:1-10
3. Bribed guards: Matthew 28:12-15
4. Grave clothes: John 20:6-8
5. Clasped: Matthew 28:1, 9
6. Wounds shown: Luke 24:37-43; John 20:27
7. Met believers: Luke 24:13-34; John 20:19, 24, 26; 1 Corinthians 15:5-7
8. Met 500: 1 Corinthians 15:6
9. Jesus’s ascension: Luke 24:50-52; Acts 1:9-11
10. Persecution: Acts 2:1-41; 4:1-31; 5:17-31; 12:2; Revelation 1:9
11. Believers’ lives: 1 Corinthians 6:9-11; 1 Thessalonians 1:9
Encounters with the Risen Lord – John 20:11-31

At this point, the empty tomb raised many questions. Where was Jesus’s body? What did all this
mean? Soon, Jesus would not only provide the answers but replace mourning with rejoicing.
First with Mary, then with the frightened disciples, and finally with a doubting Thomas, Jesus
progressively and joyously shared His victory over death with His beloved brothers and sisters
of faith.
382 | Lesson 27
From Tears to Joy: Mary – 20:11-18
Mary Arrives Crying – 20:11-15
John’s account of these events differs slightly from the other Gospels and may represent a
synopsis of the events surrounding Jesus’s resurrection. Though the accounts regarding Jesus’s
resurrection differ among the four Gospels, they harmonize in a complementary rather than
contradictory manner. After Peter and John examined the tomb and returned to the disciples,
Mary stood again outside the tomb. Bewildered and downcast, she looked into the tomb with
tear-filled eyes and saw two angels. One angel sat at the head and the other at the foot of the
place where Jesus’s body had once been. The angels asked Mary, “Why are you crying?” Her
answer indicated more concern about locating Jesus than about the two individuals at the tomb.
“They have taken my Lord away,” she replied, “and I don’t know where they have put him.”
Mary turned around and Jesus stood before her. Not recognizing Jesus, Mary assumed He was
the gardener. Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you crying? Who is it you are looking for?” Still
overcome by grief, Mary replied, “If you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him.”
Mary Leaves Rejoicing – 20:16-18

Jesus simply said her name: “Mary.” Jesus spoke one word and she immediately knew who He
was. Instantly, Mary recognized the voice of her Shepherd calling her name.9 She poured out
her love and joy for her Master, also in one word: “Teacher.”
“Do Not Hold on to Me.”

Jesus’s words to Mary can be difficult to interpret. Jesus’s relationship with His followers was
changing through this time between His resurrection and ascension. He would soon ascend
to heaven and would no longer dwell with them physically. Jesus would appear many times
after He was resurrected, strengthening the faith of His followers.10 Mary and Jesus’s closest
followers would learn to live by faith rather than by touch and sight.
After His ascension, Jesus’s relationship with all who believe in Him would be far closer than
ever before.11 He would, through the Holy Spirit, come to live forever within them.12 Jesus’s
purpose for every believer is permanent communion with Him. The Apostle Paul proclaimed
this new relationship by saying, “The life I now live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God,
who loved me and gave himself for me.”13
“Go and Tell.”

Mary Magdalene was among the first to see, talk to, and touch the resurrected Jesus. However,
embracing Jesus always carries responsibility. The Lord immediately gave Mary a task: to tell
others of His resurrection and ascension. Jesus entrusted Mary with a profound message, “I
am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.” All people who believe in
Jesus are privileged to tell others about Him.
9. The Shepherd’s voice: John 10:3-4

10. Encountering Jesus: Matthew 28:8-10; Luke 24:39; John 20:27
11. Relationship with Jesus: 1 John 4:13
12. Indwelling Holy Spirit: John 7:38-39; 16:5-16; 1 Corinthians 12:13; Colossians 1:27
13. Live by faith: Galatians 2:20

Mary wasted no time. She returned to the disciples with the glorious and miraculous news: “I
have seen the Lord!” She reported what she had seen and heard. After Jesus’s ascension, He
would cause all His people to see and to share in His glory. Made in God’s image and redeemed
by Jesus’s blood, believers are children of the Father and heirs to all He possesses.14
From Fear to Courage: The Disciples – 20:19-23

Cowering – 20:19a
This first Easter morning found Jesus’s disciples overloaded with information. Though they had
not expected Jesus to rise from the dead, His tomb sat empty. Peter and John reported the oddly
positioned grave clothes. Mary Magdalene delivered the radiant news of the Lord’s message.
Despite the good news, fear gripped the disciples as they huddled together behind locked doors.
Profound peace Comforted – 20:19b-20

abounds when we Suddenly, Jesus appeared in their midst. Without entering through the locked
encounter Jesus door, Jesus stood among them and extended the customary Jewish greeting
and believe in Him. of Shalom, “Peace be with you!”
Forgiveness of Peace was precisely what the disciples desperately needed.15 Jesus answered
sin and a restored their fears with His peace. The disciples had seen Jesus arrested by Roman
relationship with soldiers and had fled in fear. Jesus displayed sensitivity to their searching
God is real—not hearts and questioning minds. The Lord opened His hands so they could see
wishful thinking. the nail marks. He showed them His pierced side.
Just four days earlier, Jesus prophetically said, “But I will see you again and you
will rejoice, and no one will take away your joy.”16 The Lord’s presence filled the disciples with
overwhelming gladness. Believers today can experience this same joy. Profound peace abounds
when we encounter Jesus and believe in Him. Forgiveness of sin and a restored relationship
with God are real—not wishful thinking. Jesus’s physical death and bodily resurrection provide
the source for peace and joy that transcend everything that causes us alarm.
Commissioned – 20:21-23
To a Mission Grounded in Peace – 20:21a

Jesus’s provision of peace invites more than a personal sense of refuge from fear or trouble.
Jesus establishes our personal peace with God to propel us toward other people who
desperately need Him.17 God equips believers as ambassadors of His peace, a priceless
blessing to us and to others. Jesus’s peace includes the blessed assurance of complete
forgiveness of our sin,18 new life in Him,19 the indwelling Holy Spirit,20 eternal security,21 the fruit
14. Heirs: Romans 8:16-17

15. Startled and frightened: Luke 24:37-38
16. Promise of joy: John 16:22
17. Peace with God: Romans 5:1-2
18. Forgiveness of sin: 1 John 1:9
19. New life: John 3:5-8; 2 Corinthians 5:17
20. Indwelling Holy Spirit: 1 Corinthians 3:16
21. Eternal security: John 10:27-29
384 | Lesson 27
Resounding and Indisputable Victory over Death
The Doctrine of Resurrection
The indisputable fact of Jesus’s resurrection displays glorious proof of God’s sovereignty
over all creation. The One who was with God in the beginning and creates life from nothing1
has overcome death and now reigns with the Father in heaven.2 Jesus’s resurrection
demonstrated God’s validation of Jesus’s mission and all He claimed about Himself.
Through faith in Christ, all believers are raised into resurrected life with Him.3 Jesus
promised that all who believe in Him will be given new life and saved from God’s
condemnation of their sin.4 Believers await future resurrection in imperishable, glorified
bodies but also walk in new life today. The Holy Spirit raises the spiritually dead to
abundant life and implants new desires and priorities within them. God supplies the power
to overcome sin and point others to our Savior.
To refuse to believe in Christ means remaining dead in sin. To turn away from Jesus
necessitates accepting the judgment we deserve. There is no hope in anything or anyone
but Jesus. Without Jesus, death reigns without hope of deliverance.
Faith in Christ’s resurrection breathes new life and hope into every believer. God’s children
look forward to joining heaven’s chorus of fellow believers—past, present, and future—in
eternal worship in the presence of our Lord. The Holy Spirit allows believers to radiate the
joy and beauty of Jesus, drawing others to faith in Him.
1. In the beginning: John 1:1-5
2. Reigns with the Father: Hebrews 1:3; Revelation 11:15-18
3. Raised into eternal life: John 6:40; 1 Corinthians 15:24-28; Philippians 3:20-21; Colossians 1:9-14
4. New life in Christ: John 3:16-17
of the Spirit,22 gifts of the Spirit,23 the full armor of God,24 and eternal life with God.25 The peace
believers know and experience rests on unshakable truth.
Jesus’s peace includes conscious possession of His resources—God’s gift of Himself and all
we need to fulfill His call. The Lord’s invitation to serve Him comes with a commission of peace.
Jesus promises His “yoke is easy” and His “burden is light.”26 Fruitful lives of serving the Lord and
eternal victory, despite suffering or obstacles, rest on the certainty of Christ’s resurrection.27
To a Mission Shared with Jesus – 20:21b

Just as God the Father sent His Son into the world, so Jesus sends His children to carry on
His mission. Sharing Jesus’s message means sharing in His sufferings as well as His power,
presence, and peace.28 When God’s people face some of the same opposition Jesus faced, He
22. Fruit of the Spirit: Galatians 5:22-23

23. Gifts of the Spirit: Romans 12:6-8; 1 Corinthians 12:7-10, 28; Ephesians 4:11
24. Armor of God: Ephesians 6:10-18
25. Eternal life: John 3:16-17; 5:24; Revelation 3:5; 1 John 5:13
26. Jesus’s yoke: Matthew 11:30
27. Blessings of faith: 1 Corinthians 15:58
28. Sharing: Matthew 10; Philippians 3:10-11

equips them with the same resources with which He engaged the world—the Word, prayer, the
Holy Spirit, and an abiding relationship with the Father. He promises present satisfaction and
eternal rewards to those who follow His will and ways.29 The privilege to bless others, just as
Jesus did, comes from heaven into the earthly lives of His children.
To a Mission Fueled by the Holy Spirit’s Power – 20:22

When Jesus calls you, He empowers you to fulfill His commission to share the gospel. Jesus
breathed His resurrection life into the disciples. Here, in their hiding place, Jesus offered His
disciples a foretaste of Pentecost.30 The disciples would carry out their commission in and
through the Holy Spirit, whom the Father gives to all who believe in Christ.31
To a Mission Based on Jesus’s Authority – 20:23

No human has the authority to forgive sin or remove God’s judgment from another person.32
Jesus came to carry out the work of redemption and to send His people to declare what He
accomplished on the cross. The Holy Spirit empowers believers with divine authority to proclaim
the gospel’s call to repent, believe, and receive forgiveness. Accompanying the commission to share
the gospel, God gives believers His authority to declare forgiveness to all who repent and believe.
God also gives believers the authority to warn those who reject Jesus Christ that they will
die in their sins.33 All people are accountable to God,34 and God’s wrath remains on those
who refuse to believe.35 Sharing the truth of the gospel is the great privilege and solemn
responsibility of every believer.
From Doubt to Faith: Thomas – 20:24-29

Thomas’s Crippling Unbelief – 20:24-25
Thomas stands out as a devoted follower among Jesus’s 11 remaining disciples. But in the wake
of his Lord’s death, debilitating doubt consumed Thomas. Earlier, Thomas begged Jesus not to go
to Jerusalem, knowing His life was in danger.36 He was right. Now that Jesus was dead, perhaps
an “I-told-you-so” attitude clouded Thomas’s willingness to accept the testimony of Mary, the other
women, or the 10 brothers of faith with whom he had spent the past three years following the Lord.
To Thomas, news of the resurrection seemed too good to be true. Absent that first night Jesus
appeared to the others, Thomas closed his mind to convincing testimonies, Jesus’s promises,
and the Scriptures. Thomas stubbornly declared, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and
put my fingers where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.”
Thomas exemplifies people who refuse to examine the evidence. Reliable people whom Thomas
knew and loved told him Jesus had stood among them in the locked room, eaten with them, and
displayed His wounds. As earlier with Peter,37 a humbling failure would catapult Thomas forward
in faith and utter dependence on His Lord.
29. Jesus’s promises: John 4:34; 12:24; 15:5, 16; 17:1-5
30. Pentecost: Acts 2
31. Power of the Holy Spirit: John 14:16-17; 16:7; Romans 8:9
32. Forgiveness: Matthew 9:2-6; Mark 2:7
33. Die in sins: John 8:24
34. All accountable to God: Hebrews 4:13
35. God’s wrath: John 3:36
36. Thomas’s warning: John 11:8, 16
37. Peter’s denial: Matthew 26:69-74
386 | Lesson 27
Thomas’s Growing Faith – 20:26-29
Proving his basic loyalty, Thomas was with the disciples a full week after declaring his doubts.
Once again, Jesus suddenly entered the room and granted His peace to the gathering. Jesus
pursued Thomas to strengthen his faltering faith. Human weakness never repels or surprises
Jesus. With clarity and gentleness, Jesus offered Thomas the proof he desired.
Despite Thomas’s unbelief, Jesus still loved him and called him to believe. Jesus entreated
Thomas, saying, “Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my
side. Stop doubting and believe.” Jesus confronted Thomas with a direct command bearing
eternal consequences: continue a life of deadly unbelief or choose a life of obedient faith in the
One who offers eternal life.38
The Lord precisely understood the underlying causes of Thomas’s unbelief. Jesus repeated
the words Thomas had spoken. What Thomas saw drained him of his unbelief. The light of
God’s glory radiating in Jesus’s face generated a glorious exclamation reserved only for the
Almighty: “My Lord and my God!” In an instant, Thomas believed in Jesus with all his heart.
John believed before he saw the risen Lord.39 He saw the physical evidence
of the empty tomb and grave clothes. Thomas missed the initial opportunity
In Christ, we share
to believe in response to the testimony of other witnesses. Now, however, His life, His joy, His
Thomas physically saw the Lord, repented, and believed. Jesus’s response peace, His purpose,
to Thomas demonstrates His grace in pursuing us. His Father, His
heaven, and His
Jesus’s words to Thomas speak directly to every reader of this Gospel—to all
eternity.
generations of believers. He tells us, “Blessed are those who have not seen
and yet have believed.” Jesus pours rich blessings on all who believe in Him
through the testimony of His Word and Spirit.
John’s Purpose – 20:30-31

John could not include all of Jesus’s countless miracles and precious words in his Gospel.
He would later write, “The whole world would not have room for the books that would be
written” if all Jesus did were recorded.40 John chose every sign and word he recorded with one
overarching purpose. He wrote so we would believe Jesus is the Messiah and the unique Son
of God and, through faith in Jesus, receive new life in His name.
Eternal life involves more than just deliverance from sin and destruction. God wants us to
experience a new quality of life that begins now and never ends. New life in Christ is life to
the full41 with Jesus forever. In Christ, we share His life, His joy, His peace, His purpose, His
Father, His heaven, and His eternity. This is God’s destiny for His people. It is the purpose for
which God created you. This new, abundant life comes because of the resurrection. The empty
tomb proclaims Jesus’s victory over death. With generous love, Jesus shares that victory with
His children.
38. Choose life: Deuteronomy 30:19-20; John 3:16-17; 14:6; 15:1-8

39. John believed: John 20:8
40. Jesus’s works: John 21:25
41. Life to the full: John 10:10

Take to Heart
Hold Fast
Mary Magdalene approached her Lord’s burial place downcast, in despair, and unaware that her
greatest joy waited just around the corner. Confused by the rolled-away stone and empty tomb,
two of Jesus’s closest disciples soon joined Mary. With intentionality and tender love, Jesus
personally allowed real people to reliably witness His resurrection.
Gradually, Jesus encountered His loved ones and stabilized their fainting faith with proof of His
resurrected life. Jesus deliberately transformed Mary’s grief-filled morning into an assignment
to deliver a hope-infused message. Jesus entered a locked room where His disciples hid in fear
to call them to peace and joy. Jesus confronted Thomas’s specific doubts with faith-building
proof. Jesus Christ can break any barrier standing against belief in Him. This is the power of
the One who has defeated death. Grief, fear, perplexity, and doubts cannot hinder the One who
came to save.
Apply It
The empty tomb shocked Mary, John, and Peter, despite Jesus’s previously stated promises.
Who would imagine that ultimate victory would come through death? Would anyone expect
the dead to come back to life? We are also invited to peer into the empty tomb and ponder its
significance. Jesus’s resurrection promises that death, our worst enemy, has been defeated.
Jesus rose so that our dead hearts could come alive in Him. The risen Jesus calls you by name.
He calls you to trust Him for eternal salvation and through life’s challenges. He will steady your
doubts and fortify your faith. The risen Christ brings life and hope to God’s people.
Jesus’s disciples witnessed the wonder of Jesus’s life yet cowered in fear when He died.
Their risen Lord showed up to fill them with faith, joy, power, and authority to represent Him
to the world. They would courageously face opposition while embracing the joy of serving
their Master. Like the disciples, believers can easily lock themselves away from a world that
desperately needs Christ. Will you hear Jesus’s commission: “As the Father has sent me, I am
sending you”? Where is Jesus sending you? The resurrected Savior commissions His children
to take the life-giving gospel to the world. Will you go where He leads?
Like Thomas, there may be times when questions and doubts leave us paralyzed. Nothing that
troubles you surprises God. Jesus will meet you right where you struggle. Our relationship with
Jesus is intimate and personal. Will you listen and learn from Him—in His Word, in prayer, and
in your community of believers? Your daily encounter with the eternal, risen Jesus offers glory
no grave, heartache, or enemy can steal. Will you believe?
JOHN: LESSON 28
LESSON
John’s Epilogue SCRIPTURE

JOHN 21
Lesson Questions
1. What points from the lecture helped you understand the impact of Christ’s resurrection?
What does His resurrection mean to you personally?
2. How did the notes impact your life and give you strength this past week?

Jesus met the disciples after a long night of fishing.
3. Describe the circumstances the disciples encountered before they went fishing and as
they fished.
Lesson 28 | 389
4. a. What took place that helped the disciples recognize Jesus, and why were these events
significant to them? (See also Luke 5:1-11.)
b. How did John and Peter respond to the miraculous catch of fish? What stands out to
you about their individual personalities?
c. What do you learn from these men regarding how to respond to Jesus, His commands,
and His work in your life?
5. a. List the ways Jesus provided for the disciples in this passage.
b. How has Jesus provided for you this week, and how will you thank Him?

Jesus reinstated and commissioned Peter.
6. What previous event is connected to Jesus’s questioning of Peter, and why?
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7. a. Describe the conversation, including Jesus’s questions, Peter’s replies, and
Jesus’s commands.
b. Why do you think this conversation took place in front of the other disciples?
c. What changes do you see in Peter’s relationship with Jesus?
8. Give examples of how God calls His people to fulfill Jesus’s command to Peter today. How
is God leading you to obey His command?

Jesus commanded Peter to follow Him.
9. How did Jesus describe Peter’s future?
10. a. What clarity might Peter have been seeking in his question about John?
b. What did Jesus say about John, and what lessons do you learn from Jesus’s reply?

11. How might the Lord’s rebuke of Peter be applied to His people today, including you?

John testified of Jesus.
12. Verse 24 may have been written by others to validate John’s testimony. What makes John’s
testimony believable for you?
13. From verse 25, how does John describe the magnitude of Jesus’s time on earth?
14. What do you most want to tell others about Jesus, and how will you share it?

Jesus equips His people to do His work.
15. How have the truths in John 21 provided for you or equipped you to serve Christ?

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Lecture Notes

Lesson 28 Notes
John 21
Focus Verse
“Jesus did many other things as well. If every one of them were written down, I suppose that
even the whole world would not have room for the books that would be written.” (John 21:25)
Outline
● Jesus’s Catch of Fish – John 21:1-14
● Jesus’s Command to Feed His Sheep – John 21:15-17
● Jesus’s Call to Follow Him – John 21:18-25
Engage
What most deters you from speaking for and serving Jesus? Are you afraid you might fail?
Life regularly exposes our weakness and inadequacy. We can feel either proud or deflated
when we compare ourselves with others. Does fear that you could never say or do things
right keep you from stepping out for the Lord? Jesus returned to heaven and left His work
in the hands of His flawed but empowered people. What a privilege! What a responsibility!
How do we enter wholeheartedly into God’s work despite our frailty?
Before Jesus returned to heaven, He prepared His disciples to carry on the mission of His
kingdom. He met them where they were and prepared them for where they would go in His
name. Jesus does the same for His children today. He provides physically, spiritually, and
practically so believers might lead others to saving faith. Jesus equips His people to do His
work. Our weaknesses and failures do not hinder His eternal purposes. God works through
flawed people who rely on His power and go forward in His name.
Jesus’s disciples faced unexpected challenges when Jesus died. They struggled to process all
that had happened. After He rose again, Jesus sent His puzzled disciples to Galilee.1 True to
His word, He met them there. Jesus helped, fed, and then equipped His faltering disciples with
promises and encouragement regarding their future work in His name.
John’s Gospel begins with his prologue2 and ends with an epilogue—John 21. Some scholars
believe someone other than John added words to the epilogue to validate the authenticity of
John’s account, based on the “we” in verse 24. Jewish law required two or more witnesses to
validate testimony as reliable.3 John’s authorship of the entire epilogue has also been defended.
1. Go to Galilee: Matthew 26:32; 28:7, 10

2. John’s prologue: John 1:1-18
3. Corroborating witnesses: Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15; Matthew 18:16; 26:60; John 8:17; 2 Corinthians 13:1; 1 Timothy 5:19;
Hebrews 10:28
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Regardless, the events and conversations in John 21 present an important message for all who
follow Jesus. This chapter completes John’s Gospel in beautiful balance with his prologue.
Jesus’s Catch of Fish – John 21:1-14
A Failed Attempt and Empty Nets – 21:1-3

Seven disciples gathered on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. Jesus had told His disciples
that He would see them in Galilee. Peter announced, “I’m going out to fish.” Did Peter’s action
indicate a decision to return to his former occupation or just his choice of a familiar activity
amid uncertainty? We cannot know for sure, but the disciples waiting with him joined the
expedition. Peter’s leadership and influence stood out among the group. They immediately
boarded the boat and set sail. Hours passed yet they caught nothing. Likely worn out after a
disappointing fishing trip, the disciples rowed toward the shore at the light of dawn.
An Instructed Attempt and Overflowing Nets – 21:4-6

Early in the morning, Jesus stood on the shore, unrecognized by His disciples. He called out to
them, “Friends, haven’t you any fish?” Jesus asked this question not to gain information but to
prepare the disciples for His provision.
When they acknowledged their fruitless fishing, Jesus said, “Throw your net on the right side
of the boat and you will find some.” Though they had not yet recognized Jesus, the disciples
heeded His advice. Almost immediately, they felt a tug so heavy they could not draw the net
into the boat. Their previously empty net was filled with an abundant catch of fish. Jesus
provided what their human efforts could not.
A Miraculous Catch – 21:7-8

Without hesitation, John said to Peter, “It is the Lord!” Perhaps John recalled an earlier life-
changing event. Three years earlier, John, his brother James, and Peter faced empty nets after
a long night of fishing. When Jesus told them where to fish, their nets broke and their boats
began to sink under the weight of the miraculous catch of fish. The men pulled to shore, left
their boats, and followed Jesus from that day forward.4 The disciples’ previous experience set
the context for this one.
Peter, upon hearing John’s exclamation, immediately put on his outer garment and jumped in
the water. He swam and waded toward His Lord until he reached the shore. All that mattered to
Peter was being near Jesus. The remaining disciples followed in the boat and slowly towed the
heavy, unbroken net.
4. Following Jesus: Luke 5:1-11

Breakfast with Jesus – 21:9-14
Landing on shore, the disciples saw a fire of burning coals with fish cooking on it and some
bread. The Gospels record a similar fire one other time—when Peter denied Jesus as he
warmed himself by the fire in the high priest’s courtyard.5 Perhaps this fire reminded Peter of
that painful night and prepared him for Jesus’s words recorded later in this chapter.
With the aroma of fire-cooked fish in the air, Jesus called to the men, “Bring some of the fish
you have just caught.” Peter returned to the boat and helped drag the heavy net ashore. Despite
the weight of 153 large fish, the net remained untorn. John’s accounting of the exact number
of fish verifies his presence as an eyewitness.
Jesus called to the men to “come and have breakfast.” Though the disciples
Jesus brings recognized Jesus, none of them sought confirmation of His identity or
ultimate understanding about His resurrected state by asking Him the question, “Who
satisfaction to all are you?” As He fed them bread and fish, did they remember a prior miracle that
who call Him their included bread and fish?6 As Jesus prepared His disciples for His soon-coming
Lord and Savior. departure, this breakfast reminded them He would meet their needs as they
continued His work.7 We can only imagine the conversation around the fire
as they ate together.
This scene portrays the third appearance of the risen Christ to the disciples in John’s Gospel.8
They would soon carry on God’s work after Jesus ascended to heaven. This experience
reinforced the stabilizing security and comfort only Jesus can offer. Surely this seaside
breakfast prepared them to recognize they needed Jesus’s presence at all times, even when He
was not physically in their midst.9 Jesus showed these men His desire to satisfy His servants
with His presence. Jesus brings ultimate satisfaction to all who call Him their Lord and Savior.
Jesus’s Command to Feed His Sheep – John 21:15-17

On the night of Jesus’s arrest, Peter had boasted before all the disciples that even if all others
fell away, he would not. Jesus warned Peter that, far from remaining faithful, he would deny
Jesus three times before the next dawn.10 Peter rejected Jesus’s words and claimed he would
die before he disowned Jesus. The other disciples joined in with the same vow. Later that same
night, Peter denied Jesus three times.11
Jesus knew that Peter, rightly humbled by his failure, needed personal and public affirmation to
move forward. As Jesus had predicted, Peter indeed denied Him three times. Jesus now offered
Peter three opportunities to reaffirm his love and commitment. Full of mercy and grace, Jesus
restored Peter, preparing him to carry on as a leader of Jesus’s apostles and the early Church.12
5. Peter’s denial: Luke 22:54-60; John 18:17-18

6. Bread and fish: John 6:1-15
7. Provision of needs: Matthew 6:25-33; Philippians 4:19
8. Third appearance to disciples: John 20:19-23, 26-29
9. Jesus’s presence with His people: John 14:15-18; 16:4-7
10. Peter’s boasting and Jesus’s warning: Matthew 26:33-35; Mark 14:27-31; Luke 22:31-34
11. Peter’s denial: Matthew 26:69-75
12. Peter’s leadership: Acts 1-15
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Jesus’s Post-Resurrection Appearances
Resurrection Sunday, in and near Jerusalem
● To Mary Magdalene in the garden outside the tomb; early morning (John 20:11-18)
● To Mary Magdalene and the other Mary returning from the tomb; early morning
(Matthew 28:1-10)
● To two disciples on the road to Emmaus, about 7 miles (11 km) from Jerusalem;
late afternoon (Luke 24:13-35)
● To Peter privately (Luke 24:34; 1 Corinthians 15:5)
● To all the apostles except Thomas in a locked room; evening (John 20:19-23)
A Week Later, in Jerusalem

● To all the apostles, including Thomas, in a locked room (John 20:26-29)
Later, Likely in Galilee

● To the 11 apostles and a group of more than 500 believers (1 Corinthians 15:6)
● To the apostles and others on a mountain; perhaps the same occasion as

1 Corinthians 15:6 (Matthew 28:16-20)
● To James, probably in Galilee (1 Corinthians 15:7)
The 40th Day, near Bethany

● Jesus was taken up bodily into heaven as the apostles watched (Luke 24:50-51;
Acts 1:9-10)
On the Road to Damascus

● To Paul (Acts 9:1-16; 1 Corinthians 15:8)
Future
● The Lord Jesus will return bodily and visibly to stand on the Mount of Olives
(Zechariah 14:4; Acts 1:11; Revelation 1:7)
Jesus’s Questions to Peter – 21:15-16

Imagine Peter’s emotions as Jesus’s attention turned toward him. Peter’s recent experience
denying Jesus certainly loomed large. Jesus asked a well-aimed question: “Simon son of
John, do you love me more than these?” What was Jesus asking Peter? Did Peter love Jesus
more than the other disciples did? Did his love for Jesus exceed his love for fishing? He had
earlier boasted of superior devotion. Whatever Jesus meant, He deeply pierced Peter’s heart.

No Longer Enemies
The Doctrine of Reconciliation
Jesus offered reconciliation and restoration to Peter, who had denied Him three times.
Reconciliation describes the process by which parties at odds with each other are
restored and brought together again. We need to be reconciled to God because our sins
separate us from Him.
In His grace, God sent Jesus Christ—His own Son—to bear sin’s penalty on behalf of Peter’s
sin and ours. Though sin blocks humanity’s fellowship with God, Jesus removed sin’s curse
when He shed His blood on the cross to cleanse all who believe in Him. Without Jesus,
we remain estranged from God, placed under His wrath, and face nothing but His just
condemnation. Like Peter, we can be reconciled to God.1 We are called by God to care for
His sheep and be agents of reconciliation for others, as Peter was.2 Believers can share the
greatest news of all time—the gospel of Jesus Christ.
To reject Christ’s work of reconciliation leads to utter hopelessness and eternal peril.
Without Jesus’s intervention on our behalf, we remain God’s enemies. No human effort can
sufficiently bridge the gap between sinful people and holy God. Only Jesus can reconcile
us to God.3
Accepting Christ’s reconciliatory work on the cross brings peace that surpasses all
understanding. Though we still stumble like Peter, Jesus has borne the punishment for our
sin and offers the way of repentance and restoration. We long for the day we see Jesus
face-to-face and no longer endure sin, sorrow, or tears.4 Jesus reconciled Peter to Himself
and does the same for us. Our reconciliation rests solely on Jesus and His completed work.
He calls us to follow Him with repentant hearts and receive His sacrifice on our behalf. His
victory becomes our victory.
1. Reconciled to God: Romans 5:18; Colossians 1:19-20
2. Agents of reconciliation: 2 Corinthians 5:18-19
3. No longer enemies: Romans 5:7-10
4. New heaven and new earth: Revelation 21:1-5
Jesus asked Peter this question twice. Both times Peter answered, “Yes, Lord, you know that I
love you.” Peter’s simple response no longer claimed superiority over any of the disciples. Hearing
his confession of love, Jesus exhorted Peter to feed His lambs and take care of His sheep.
Jesus’s Final Question – 21:17

A third and final time, Jesus asked Peter if he loved Him. Once confident of his own love, zeal,
and faithfulness, Peter had declared, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal
life.”13 Now Peter painfully realized the weakness of his imagined strength. He knew that Jesus
intimately and accurately discerned the hidden truth about his fainting heart. Peter humbly
replied, “Lord, you know all things; you know that I love you.”
13. To whom shall we go?: John 6:67-68
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Two Greek words used for love in the New Testament are agapao (agape) and phileo. Agapao
is often considered a purer and higher love, while phileo refers to brotherly affection. John
seems to use the two Greek words interchangeably in his writing. Therefore, the importance
of different usages in verses 15-17 may be regarded as minimal. For example, John used both
Greek words to refer to himself as “the disciple whom Jesus loved.”14 In this conversation,
John used agapao in the first two questions. Phileo is used in Jesus’s third question and all of
Peter’s responses. In Aramaic, possibly the original language of this conversation, there is no
distinction in the use of the word for love.
In three successive responses, Jesus commissioned Peter to lead and nurture His people:
“Feed my lambs”; “Take care of my sheep”; and “Feed my sheep.” These indicate Peter’s future
role of leadership for Christ’s cause. God can use flawed people in His plan because they depend
on His power and strength, not their own. Those who love Jesus serve Him by serving others.
Jesus’s Call to Follow Him – John 21:18-25
Jesus’s Plan for Peter – 21:18-19

Jesus had designed His questions to restore Peter’s position of leadership and commission
him to shepherd God’s people.15 Jesus now revealed the future for Peter. Despite Peter’s
previous vulnerability, God would enable and empower Peter to serve Him. In Peter’s younger
years, his choices seemed to be his own. However, Peter’s future would involve persecution and
martyrdom. The frailty of Peter’s early commitment and limited understanding would mature
into a life and ministry that counted commitment to Jesus more important than anything else.
Jesus ended His prophetic words to Peter with a simple command, “Follow me!” Though the
journey God directs may include suffering, following Jesus to it and through it is always right.
One day, Peter would willingly stretch out his hands to be bound as Christ’s had been bound.
His own interests and priorities would yield to God’s higher call. Some sources suggest that Peter
was crucified around AD 64 in the wave of intense persecution under the Roman Emperor Nero.
People who follow Jesus offer humble submission and obedience to the Lord, who paid the
price for their sin. Peter fed Jesus’s sheep for the remainder of his life, and his letters recorded in
Scripture16 prove that Jesus’s power enabled a repentant sinner to feed His beloved flock.
Jesus’s Plan for Others – 21:20-22

After hearing Jesus’s prediction of the sacrificial commitment in his future, Peter’s eyes
landed on “the disciple whom Jesus loved”—John. Whether motivated by curiosity or concern,
Peter asked the question rising in his mind: “Lord, what about him?”
Jesus’s response came swiftly and clearly, “If I want him to remain alive until I return, what is
that to you? You must follow me.” Peter had his marching orders; his primary concern must
simply be following Jesus. Peter would not flourish by comparing his path to that of others but
by trusting God with his unique call to obedience.
14. The disciple whom Jesus loved: John 13:23; 20:2; 21:7, 20
15. Commissioned to shepherd: Acts 1:15; 2:14
16. Peter’s letters: 1 Peter; 2 Peter

God has an individual and personal course charted for each of His children. He designs His
plan to call each believer to flourish and live life to the full,17 whether through suffering or
perceived success. God customizes His call to faith to challenge, encourage, and stimulate
spiritual growth in tailor-made ways. Like Peter and John, all believers have different gifts,
personalities, and ministries. God used both Peter and John in mighty ways. Both men glorified
God as they served and testified to the truth of Jesus.
John’s Clarification – 21:23

The words Jesus spoke to Peter about John likely fueled speculation that John would not die.
John addressed this circulating rumor by clarifying the exact words spoken by Jesus. John
redirected the focus away from himself or Peter and toward Jesus’s return to earth, the next great
event to unfold in God’s plan of redemption. Every believer joyfully anticipates future restoration
when Jesus returns. Until then, God calls His children to steadfastly seek Him. Though every
Christian walks a unique path, Christ’s followers unite in the glorious hope awaiting them.
John’s Witness – 21:24-25

Some believe the closing words of John’s Gospel may have been written by church elders
who served under John as their seal of authenticity on the Gospel. Regardless, these verses
underscore the reliability of what John wrote as well as the impossibility of fully reporting the
vastness of Jesus’s character and all He did. John states that, if written down, the words about
Jesus would fill the world. The Gospels record a mere fraction of Jesus’s profound impact
while on earth. Even so, the complete Word of God—the Bible—gives us all we need to know,
love, and serve God. Believers will discover and celebrate the countless aspects of Christ’s
glory for all eternity.
Living with God’s revealed truth as a beacon for life, believers enjoy fellowship with Christ as
they follow Him and feed His sheep. Jesus equips His people to do His work. He bids us to
follow Him and provides everything we need to serve Him wholeheartedly.
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
John’s epilogue closes his Gospel by affirming Jesus’s presence with and provision for those
who serve Him. While waiting at the Sea of Galilee, Peter and the other disciples decided to go
fishing. They fished all night and caught nothing. As dawn lit the morning sky, the weary men
headed toward the shore. Jesus, though unrecognized, told them to cast their nets on the right
side of the boat. The disciples experienced not only a miraculous catch of fish but recognized
the risen Jesus in their presence. Peter rushed to shore ahead of everyone but went back to
the boat to help bring the unexpected catch of fish ashore. The disciples enjoyed breakfast and
fellowship with Jesus, who prepared and served their meal.
17. Life to the full: John 10:10
400 | Lesson 28
Following breakfast, Jesus publicly restored Peter to prepare him for future leadership. Three
times, Jesus asked Peter, “Do you love me?” and three times, Peter declared his love for Jesus.
Three times, Jesus also exhorted Peter to feed and care for His sheep. Reconciled and ready
for the future, Jesus commanded Peter to follow Him even into death. John’s Gospel ends with
a declaration: the works and worth of Jesus exceed the bounds of human expression.
Apply It Your effectiveness

The confusion of Jesus’s disciples did not surprise Him. They did not for the Lord
understand what was happening or what was ahead. Jesus met His never depends
exhausted disciples with custom-fit intervention. God often allows us to face on your sense of
situations that rob us of self-sufficiency to show us our absolute dependence adequacy or
upon His provision. The abundant supply of fish that Jesus provided for these record of success.
experienced yet empty-handed fishermen allowed them to recognize His
nearness and care in a realm they understood. In what situation do you feel weary, confused, or
empty-handed? What does trusting God to provide what you need look like for you? God knows
where you are and what you need most. He has greater purposes for us than a carefree life.
What Jesus desires for us far exceeds what we can supply for ourselves.
What past failures haunt your memory or limit you? Peter’s story offers hope. The same man
who denied Jesus around a courtyard fire came full circle as Jesus offered him restoration and
renewed purpose around a seaside fire. Your effectiveness for the Lord never depends on your
sense of adequacy or record of success. God can use your failures as a stepping stone rather
than a stumbling block. Peter’s past was marked by frailty and his future by suffering. Jesus
allowed Peter to verbalize his love for Him, called Peter to selfless service, and reminded Peter
to follow where He led. God never leaves His beloved children stuck in a place of shame. How
will you trust God to bring fruit from your failures?
Jesus firmly instructed Peter to focus on his own path of obedience rather than comparing his
future with John’s. God has the right to lead you where He chooses; you have the responsibility
to follow. We never do well to compare our experiences of trauma, toil, or tragedy with the
apparent comfort or ease of others. Can you rejoice when someone else gets the easy
assignment, promotion, obedient children, or happy marriage? Do you struggle to understand
why you face relatively little conflict or trouble while those you love suffer? A sideward glance at
others cannot bring the needed perspective gained by a steady gaze on Jesus. God’s purpose for
every believer is different. Can you trust that God’s plan for you will not look like God’s plan for
anyone else? There is no better path through life than trusting God and following Jesus.
John’s Gospel could not capture all that could be said about Jesus. The incomparable,
uncontainable, unstoppable worth of Christ cannot be overstated. Do you run out of things
to say about Jesus? Keep walking with Jesus and talking about Him! A lifetime of study and
devotion cannot exhaust the wonder of the Savior we will unceasingly praise for all eternity.

JOHN: LESSON 29
Reflecting on John’s LESSON
Gospel: The Truth

SCRIPTURE
JOHN 1–21
Lesson Questions
1. How did the notes help you apply the last chapter of John’s Gospel to your life? What truths
stood out to you?
2. How did the lecture encourage, exhort, or convict you? How will you respond?
Second Day: Review and reflect on John’s prologue.

John’s prologue introduces Jesus and the themes of his Gospel.
3. What single words from John’s prologue (John 1:1-18) resonate with deep meaning and
spiritual symbolism? Which are personally meaningful to you?
Lesson 29 | 403
4. What conclusions can you draw about Jesus from John’s prologue? Include supporting
verses. Which truth is most meaningful to you today, and why?
5. a. According to John 1, how did various people respond to Jesus?
b. How do you see similar reactions displayed throughout John’s Gospel and among
people today?
6. Why is a proper view of Jesus as God has revealed Him so important?
Third Day: Review and reflect on Jesus’s “I Am” Statements.

John presented seven unique statements that reveal Jesus’s person and work.
7. a. List the seven powerful statements about Jesus.
John 6:35, 41, 48, 51
John 8:12
John 10:7, 9
John 10:11, 14
John 11:25
John 14:6
John 15:1
404 | Lesson 29
b. How do Jesus’s “I Am” statements connect to themes throughout John, such as
rejection/belief, life/death, light/darkness, glory, and truth?
8. What truths about Jesus’s character, heart, and work on behalf of people are revealed in
His “I Am” statements?
Fourth Day: Review and reflect on Jesus’s love for His disciples.
John 13–17 records Jesus’s intimate investment in His beloved disciples.
9. a. Briefly summarize Jesus’s investment in His followers in each of these passages.
John 13:1-17
John 14:1-4
John 14:15-21
John 16:1-15
b. What does Jesus’s teaching and time spent with His disciples reveal about Him?
c. How has the Lord lovingly and consistently invested in you through this study this year?
10. a. What does Jesus’s prayer in John 17 reveal about His heart for people?
b. In what way does Jesus’s prayer encourage or challenge you?

Fifth Day: Review and reflect on Jesus’s death and resurrection.
Jesus died on a cross as a sacrifice for humanity’s sin and rose again in glorious victory.
11. What insights stand out as you reflect upon Jesus’s death on the cross (John 18:1–19:37)?
12. a. Why is Jesus’s resurrection (John 20) essential to the Christian faith? (See also
1 Corinthians 15.)
b. How has your study of Jesus’s death and resurrection helped you understand the Lord
and His heart to redeem sinful humanity?
c. In what way does Jesus’s death and resurrection relate to you personally?
13. What is most memorable to you about Jesus’s burial in John 19:38-42? Why?
14. How might Jesus’s reinstatement of Peter in John 21 give you confidence to publicly
identify with Jesus?

Jesus Christ is God’s Son and humanity’s Savior.
15. The truth about Jesus demands a response. As you ponder Jesus—who He is and what He
has done for you—what is your most appropriate response right now?
Leaders this week

406 | Lesson 29
Lecture Notes

Lesson 29 Notes
John 1–21
Focus Verse
“Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded
in this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son
of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.” (John 20:30-31)
Outline
● John’s Revelation of Jesus
● Our Response to Jesus
Engage
We complete our study of John’s Gospel with a lot to process. We have walked with Jesus
through 21 chapters of personal encounters, deep truth, and miraculous signs. Fully God
and fully man, Jesus’s time on earth revealed more than John’s mind or pen could capture.
Jesus spoke powerfully, proceeded purposefully, died sacrificially, and rose victoriously.
His words echo through the centuries, holding powerful authority for us today. He eased
suffering yet endured unspeakable anguish. We cannot dismiss the details of Jesus’s life and
death as merely interesting historical facts. Jesus’s identity and claims demand a response.
Jesus is the focus of John’s Gospel from start to finish. We pause this week to remember
and reflect and, most importantly, to fix our eyes upon Jesus and worship Him in awe. His
resolute commitment to fulfill His Father’s mission through His cross and resurrection
demonstrates His sacrificial love for all people. He is the Word who became flesh and the
Light who overcomes darkness. God’s Son, the Living Water and Bread of Life, stands ready
to meet our deepest spiritual needs and give us eternal life. Jesus Christ is God’s Son and
humanity’s Savior. Let us rejoice in Him!
John’s Revelation of Jesus

For 30 weeks, we have opened our Bibles to the book of John. On every page and within each
chapter, John has invited us to not only gaze at Jesus with wonder but ultimately to turn to Him
in saving faith. Before we leave John’s Gospel, we pause to recount the significance of what
we have studied. John has helped us picture Jesus’s miracles, ponder His teaching, and sense
His compassion. With gratitude and expectancy, we seek to align our thinking to the truth about
Jesus. For when we know the truth about Him, we experience true freedom as believers.1
1. True freedom: John 8:32
408 | Lesson 29
The Author of John’s Gospel
John’s relationship with Jesus was not distant or academic, but intimate and personal. John
left a fisherman’s life to follow Jesus.2 He joined a band of disciples who traveled with Jesus,
growing in faith and understanding under Jesus’s leadership. Humbled by Jesus’s love and
his extreme privilege, John did not name himself as the Gospel’s author. He quietly referred to
himself as “the disciple whom Jesus loved”3—a reality that continued to amaze him. Christ’s
love will continue to astound every believer today and for eternity.
John asked and answered a life-altering, eternity-defining question: Who is Jesus? John’s
eyewitness accounts offer firsthand testimony confirming what Jesus said and did. God
provided John years to meditate on Jesus’s earthly ministry. John wrote with the Holy Spirit’s
illumination, crystallizing the meaning and depth of Jesus’s miraculous signs. He chronicled and
connected the deeper truths Jesus came to reveal with specific moments of His time on earth.
John’s thoughtful compilation about Jesus’s life on earth leaves us with much to consider. As
we look back at John’s Gospel, may the truth about Jesus take root deeply within our hearts
and minds. Like John, may we be amazed by Jesus’s love and constantly seek to know more
about Him.
The Wonder of John’s Gospel

The Power-Packed Prologue – 1:1-18
John wastes no time in delivering his main message. With a thunderous clap of truth, the
Gospel opens with majestic words that clearly identify Jesus as the eternal Son of God—the
Word. John presents Jesus’s preincarnate existence, participation in creation, and timely
incarnation with majestic brevity and clarity. Incorporating all his major themes in a few verses,
John reviews John the Baptist’s witness and humanity’s mixed response to Jesus. Eternal
light burst into humanity’s darkness, offering the only true source of life and hope: “The Word
became flesh and made his dwelling among us.” These dynamic words at the beginning of
John’s Gospel continue to resound as we reach the end of our study.
The Polarizing Revelation of Jesus – 1:19–17:26
Jesus’s Public Ministry – 1:19–12:50

Jesus began His ministry by first revealing Himself to the world. Jesus called His disciples4
and began to touch individual lives. At His mother’s request, Jesus miraculously provided
wine at a wedding feast.5 Then with unmistakable authority that the Jewish officials
immediately questioned, Jesus cleared the Jerusalem temple of money-making commerce.6
Jesus’s entrance onto the public scene began with His spiritual investment in individuals.
Conversations with Nicodemus7 and an outcast Samaritan woman and the people of her town,8
2. John follows Jesus: Matthew 4:18-22; Mark 1:16-20

3. The disciple Jesus loved: John 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7, 20
4. Jesus calls His disciples: John 1:35-51
6. Jerusalem temple cleared: John 2:13-25
8. Samaritan revival: John 4:1-42

as well as the healing of a Roman official’s son,9 foreshadowed Jesus’s intentional reach to
all nations. Jesus came into the world to save humanity but also reached individuals with His
saving grace. He continues to do so today.
Opposition to Jesus began to rise as His fame spread. Jesus’s miraculous works10 and
powerful teaching offered clear evidence of His divine authority. People responded to Jesus in
a variety of ways. Jesus’s powerful presence baffled and angered some while leading others
to believe. Crowds gathered out of curiosity but departed when Jesus’s claims seemed too
much.11 Hostility among the Jewish religious leaders escalated12 as God’s appointed hour for
Jesus’s death drew near.13
Jesus’s Purposeful Investment in His Disciples – 13–17

Avoiding premature confrontations with His enemies, Jesus turned His focus to spending
intimate time with His disciples. Jesus called them to humble servanthood.14 He prepared
them for the world’s hostility when they would go forth in His name.15 Jesus predicted His
betrayal and16 Peter’s denial17 and prepared the disciples for His death and resurrection.18 Jesus
did not withhold challenging truth from His beloved followers.
Along with hard news, Jesus also offered His disciples comforting truth.19 He explained the
empowering work of the coming Holy Spirit20 and promised His certain return.21 Jesus gave His
beloved ones hope of overcoming triumph.22 As Jesus prepared for His betrayal, arrest, trials,
and crucifixion, He offered a beautiful prayer for God’s glory to be displayed through His death
and His people.23 Jesus’s love for His own continues to rise as a beacon of hope for God’s
people across all ages.
Jesus’s Death, Burial, and Resurrection – 18–20

The culmination of Jesus’s mission on earth came through His death and resurrection.
Jesus taught profoundly, obeyed His Father perfectly, lived sinlessly, and performed miracles
that displayed His power. Yet first and foremost the Father sent His Son to die as Savior of
the world.24 Jesus revealed the Father but also made a way to the Father.25 John’s account of
Jesus’s arrest,26 trial before Pilate,27 and death28 reveals the majesty and sacrificial surrender of
humanity’s Savior.
9. Royal official’s son healed: John 4:43-54

10. Miraculous works: John 5:1-14; 6:1-15; 9:1-34; 11:1-44; 12:37
11. Some reject and some believe: John 6:60-66; 7:12-13; 8:30; 10:40-42; 12:9-10
12. Jewish opposition: John 7:1, 32; 8:13, 48-59; 10:31-40; 11:45-53
13. Jesus’s appointed hour: John 2:4; 7:30; 8:20; 11:9; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 17:1
14. Washing disciples’ feet: John 13:1-17
15. The world’s hatred: John 15:18-24
16. Betrayal predicted: John 13:18-30
17. Peter’s denial foretold: John 13:31-38
18. Jesus’s death and resurrection predicted: John 16:16-22, 31-32
19. Words of comfort: John 14:1-4
20. The Holy Spirit’s work: John 14:15-27; 15:26–16:15
21. Promises of Jesus’s return: John 14:3
22. Overcoming triumph: John 16:20-24, 31-33
23. Jesus’s prayer for His own: John 17
24. Sent by the Father: Isaiah 53:10
25. Jesus made a way to the Father: John 14:6
26. Jesus’s arrest: John 18:1-14
27. Before Pilate: John 18:28–19:16
28. Crucifixion and death of Jesus: John 19:17-37
410 | Lesson 29
Jesus’s enemies sent Him to the cross, but friends surrounded Jesus at His burial. Joseph of
Arimathea and Nicodemus gathered Jesus’s body and offered Him a royal anointing and burial
in Joseph’s unused tomb.29 The dignity of Jesus’s burial stands in sharp contrast to the cruelty
of His death. Like He promised, Jesus rose from the grave in glorious victory over sin and
death. The risen Jesus appeared before many, offering verifiable proof that He is risen indeed.30
The Empowering Epilogue: Jesus’s Commission – 21

John concludes his Gospel by recording events that offer hope and purpose to Christ’s
followers. Jesus appeared to His disciples during a fishless fishing expedition, providing proof
of His resurrection and the comfort of His presence. Jesus reinstated Peter, who had denied
Him three times. Peter had the opportunity to affirm His love for His Savior as Jesus propelled
him forward to reach and care for people in His name.
At this end of his Gospel, John admits that Jesus’s life on earth could not be contained in
human writing. John gave all he knew to give and closes by declaring Jesus to be beyond
the constraints of language and the limits of time. No matter how many times you have read
John’s Gospel, the height, depth, and breadth of Jesus’s character, salvation, and inexpressible
love cannot be exhausted. There is always more about Jesus to learn and worship. For all
eternity, believers will praise God’s Son for His indescribable gift of eternal salvation.31
The Wisdom of John’s Gospel

A flyover of John’s Gospel reminds us of many wonderful things about Jesus. John not only
recorded events and words, he highlighted important theological concepts within his Gospel.
Our review includes a reflective pause around the unique elements in this wonderful book.
John’s writing not only captures content to be communicated; it reveals a Savior to be exalted.
John’s Key Words and Concepts

With strategic intentionality, John repeated key words that are rich in spiritual meaning. Each
word represents an eternally significant concept incorporating the purpose behind all Jesus
said and did.
● “Signs” – John refers to Jesus’s miracles as “signs” to reinforce them as evidence of

His divine identity, power, and authority. What have you learned about Jesus through His
powerful works?
● “Believe” – John designed everything he recorded to be transformational, not merely

informational. More than anything, he wanted whoever read his words to look to Jesus
in saving faith. How has John’s Gospel filled you with faith and hope?
● “Life” – John knew that only Jesus could give life to the dead. As he heralded Jesus’s
life, death, and resurrection, John called people—dead in their sins—to look to Jesus and
live. Jesus brings fullness of life here on earth and hope of rich life for all eternity. Are you
experiencing the fullness of life now and the eternal hope Jesus has for you?32
29. Jesus’s burial: John 19:38-42

30. Risen Jesus: John 20:1-29
31. God’s indescribable gift: 2 Corinthians 9:15
32. Fullness of life: John 10:10

The Seven “I Am” Statements
God’s truth stretches our minds and expands our horizons. The eternal declarations of a
sovereign God ring with timeless truth and infinite beauty. John recorded seven statements that
help us understand Jesus’s divine essence and transformative work on behalf of His children.
These seven metaphors, all beginning with “I am,” represent the self-disclosure of God’s Son.
● “I am the bread of life.” (John 6:35, 41, 48, 51)
● “I am the light of the world.” (John 8:12)
● “I am the gate for the sheep.” (John 10:7, 9)
● “I am the good shepherd.” (John 10:11, 14)
● “I am the resurrection and the life.” (John 11:25)
● “I am the way and the truth and the life.” (John 14:6)
● “I am the true vine.” (John 15:1)
Jesus wove these spiritually rich statements within His teaching and encounters. Each
single statement offers truth of amazing magnitude. The wonder and beauty of these seven
statements combine to greatly expand our thoughts about Jesus’s nature, character, and
provision for His people. Everything we truly need is found in the person and work of Jesus,
God’s Son.
The Peril of Unbelief

Warnings about the eternal consequences of turning away from Jesus rise throughout John’s
Gospel. Failure to believe in Christ and His saving work brings perilous consequences for life on
earth and eternity. Jesus offered critical warnings about unbelief alongside gracious invitations
to saving faith.33
Unbelief represents a critical matter because God stands eternally worthy of our wholehearted
trust. People resist Jesus and His Light because they love the darkness—their sin and
perceived independence from God.34 To turn away from Christ and reject His gift of salvation
leads to tragedy almost too difficult to describe. Some struggle to surrender to Christ but
later come to faith. However, to permanently remain in unbelief toward Jesus brings grievous,
irreversible, and eternal consequences.35
The Gift of Faith
The Faith that Brings Salvation

John did not chronicle Jesus’s time on earth merely to appeal to our intellect. He desired to awaken
human hearts to truth that began in eternity past, transforms the present, and promises a bright
eternal future. John wrote to call real people to true faith. Trusting God is not an unreasonable
leap into midair but a reasonable response to who Jesus is and the salvation He offers.
33. Warnings and invitations: John 1:9-10; John 3:16-18, 36; 5:37-40; 6:35-36; 8:23-24, 44-47; 10:25-26; 12:37-40; 16:8-11
34. Loving darkness: John 3:19; 12:35
35. Eternal consequences of unbelief: Matthew 10:28; 13:42, 49-50; 25:46; Mark 9:43; John 3:18-19, 36; 2 Thessalonians 1:9;
Revelation 21:8
412 | Lesson 29
Jesus Christ—Eternity’s King and Humanity’s Savior
John’s Gospel compellingly presents Jesus and His redemptive mission on earth. From
the opening words of this amazing book to its final chapter, we see Jesus is no mere man.
Jesus is God’s own Son, eternal in nature and united in purpose with His Father and the
Holy Spirit.1
By God’s design, Jesus took on human flesh2 and died on a cruel cross to redeem humanity
from sin’s curse.3 In His humanity, Jesus bore sin’s curse and rose again, representing and
redeeming all sinners who place their faith in Him.4 Jesus’s divinity5 means that He could
pay for an infinite number of sins with His one, perfect sacrifice.6 Exalted by God, Jesus will
one day return to earth to take His people to glory and bring final judgment to the world.7
For many, biblical accounts about Jesus seem irrelevant to their lives in today’s world. John
would not agree. The truth about Jesus cannot be ignored, at least not forever. Jesus’s offer
of salvation presents an eternity-defining choice that people reject or dismiss to their peril.
John’s Gospel heralds Jesus and calls people to believe in Him. We have pondered the
beauty of Jesus’s character, divine authority, and gracious compassion for sinners.
Ultimately, Jesus came to provide what we needed most—to be set free from sin’s
judgment. Jesus made it possible for us to know God in this life and to be with Him forever.
For the believer, the name of Jesus speaks power, love, forgiveness, and hope. Only Jesus,
God’s Son, offers the cleansing we need and hope we long for. Jesus’s name will be forever
praised by grateful and forgiven sinners.
1. United in purpose: Matthew 28:18-20; Luke 1:35; John 14:7-10; 2 Corinthians 13:14; Ephesians 1:3-10; Hebrews 1:1-4
2. The Word became flesh: John 1:14; Philippians 2:6-11
3. Jesus’s purposeful death for sinners: Romans 5:6-8
4. Jesus’s humanity: 1 Corinthians 15:44-46; Hebrews 2:17
5. Jesus’s divinity: John 1:1; 20:28; Colossians 1:15-20; 2:9; 1 John 5:20
6. Jesus’s one perfect sacrifice: Romans 6:10; Hebrews 9:12-14; 10:10-14
7. Coming glory and judgment: Matthew 16:27; 26:64; Acts 1:10-11; 1 Thessalonians 4:14-18
The Holy Spirit must awaken dead hearts to recognize the gravity of personal sin and the
need for a Savior. Love of self and an appetite for sin’s fleeting pleasure has corrupted every
human since Adam and Eve led humanity into sin.36 Without God’s intervention on our behalf,
we remain guilty before God and without any ability to overcome the just penalty our sin
deserves.37 Christ bore sin’s penalty for all who receive His sacrifice on their behalf.
Salvation comes by God’s grace—His unmerited favor toward sinners—and through faith. God
attributes Christ’s perfect righteousness to those who, by faith, receive His gift of salvation
from sin. God does not save anyone based on human works. Faith comes not from diligent
effort but as God’s gift. Therefore, all the glory in salvation belongs to God and depends solely
on Christ’s sacrifice.
36. Humanity’s fall into sin: Genesis 3

37. Salvation by grace through faith: Ephesians 2:8-9

The Walk of Faith
Biblical faith impacts not just eternal salvation but daily life. Everything God’s children face
affords an opportunity to trust Him and grow in faith. We are told in 2 Corinthians 5:7 that “we
live by faith, not by sight.” Practically speaking, what does it mean to live by faith? Believing and
acting upon God’s truth represents the essence of faith. These same basic principles of faith
apply to every situation in the Christian life, calling us to trust God.
Just as we have no human solution to our problem with sin, our constant struggles leave us
painfully aware of the inadequacy of human resources. Challenges prompt us to realize how
much we need God’s intervention to live the everyday kind of faith to which God calls every
believer—a faith that trusts and relies on Him in every way. The work of salvation, from its
amazing start to its victorious conclusion, centers on Christ and glorifies God.
Our Response to Jesus
John’s Glaringly Clear Purpose

John left no doubt about why he wrote his Gospel: “But these are written that you may believe
that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name”
(20:31). John’s life-giving words about Jesus remain. This world constantly bombards us with
empty, meaningless words. Words about Jesus matter. The months you have spent pondering
John’s Gospel represent a worthy investment.
We finish this study entrusted with truth that demands a response. Whether the Bible and
Jesus’s claims are new to you or quite familiar, the words within John’s Gospel do not allow
neutrality. The depth and beauty within this book cannot be exhausted in a few months of study.
The message John proclaimed is neither benign nor inconsequential. Jesus’s claims divided
those who heard Him, as they do today. Jesus presented Himself as God’s Son and humanity’s
Savior with a resounding call to saving faith.
The Savior We Follow

When Jesus called His disciples, He invited them to follow Him.38 At its simplest, the
Christian life means following Jesus. He leads sinners from death to life, from slavery to
freedom, through this world and into eternity. Jesus Christ is God’s Son and humanity’s
Savior. Life offers no higher calling than following Him.
38. Following Jesus: John 1:39, 43
414 | Lesson 29
Take to Heart
Hold Fast
John wrote his Gospel after deeply pondering all Jesus said and did. He strategically
constructed his record of Jesus’s words, actions, life, death, and resurrection to offer far more
than just interesting reading. John realized that when Jesus came to earth, God reached to
fallen humanity in ways he could barely describe. Jesus, God’s Son, took on human flesh
to live, suffer, and die for sinners. As a sinner who had himself experienced Jesus’s destiny-
altering love, John could not remain silent.
John opened his Gospel with majestic words about Jesus’s grandeur and glory. He closed by
admitting he could never say enough. With every word in between, Jesus’s wisdom, glory, love,
power, and mercy shine brightly throughout John’s account. John lifted up Jesus, calling all
people to look to Him and live. Jesus Himself rises as the brilliant light and eternal hope for all
humanity. How has John’s Gospel led you to greater love for Jesus with growing wonder at the
salvation He died to provide?
Apply It Experience Jesus

Like distance runners, we often reach the finish line of a study like this feeling as your constant
somewhat spent and weary. Life presents ongoing demands on our time source of living
and attention. We can easily move to the next thing quickly. The richness of water, daily bread,
John’s Gospel should be more than a passing flash of bright light. How will and eternal hope.
you continue to fix your eyes on Jesus in His power and glory? Do not stop Trust your Good
pondering rich truth about Jesus. Experience Jesus as your constant source of Shepherd to guard
living water, daily bread, and eternal hope. Trust your Good Shepherd to guard you, guide you, and
you, guide you, and keep you in His watchful care. Recognize that your mind
keep you in His
cannot fully capture all He is and offers. How have you seen His glory this year?
watchful care.
God’s one and only Son came from the Father, full of grace and truth. God has
granted you an unspeakable privilege to gaze at His Son—keep seeking Jesus.
There is so much more to life than the passing distractions of this fallen world. We rise, work,
eat, sleep, and do it all again the next day. Most people never grasp realities beyond what
they can see, spend, touch, and taste. However, God birthed within each of us a desire for
more. Jesus came that we might know abundant life in His name.39 John’s own experience
and your study this year have revealed that there is always more to discover about the person,
character, beauty, power, and glory of Christ. In what ways have you contented yourself with
an earthbound existence that fails to prioritize what matters most—knowing your Savior?
Jesus wants you to thrive spiritually in this world and live expectantly, awaiting heaven’s
glories. That is more. As you finish your study of John’s Gospel, will you enter your world with
a renewed sense of God and eternity? Will you bring who you are in Jesus into the places
God has positioned you at home, work, and in your community? How will you think and live
differently because you have gazed on Jesus—who He is and what He has done?

Your vision of Jesus has likely expanded through this study. Consider what you have learned
and experienced as God’s investment in you. God has entrusted you with treasure that human
words cannot adequately describe. You discussed Jesus’s claims and meditated on His eternal
truth. You pondered the beauty and brutality of His death and the victory of His resurrection.
You need not fully understand everything you have read, but you must not ignore it. John’s
passionate plea for you to believe in Jesus rings on. Only Jesus offers true hope and salvation
from sin’s just penalty. What will you do with that God has entrusted to you? The wonder God
has revealed to you should not be hoarded but invested in others.
John 3:16 sums it up well: “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that
whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” What a gift! What a Savior!
JOHN: LESSON 30
Personal Reflections
on This Year’s Study
THE GOSPEL
OF JOHN
Lesson Questions
1. How did the lecture help clarify God’s message and challenge to you through the book
of John?
2. After reading the notes, what change in your thinking or actions will you make because of
studying John?
We hope your 30-week study of John’s Gospel has been helpful, transformative, and fruitful. We
encourage you to continue engaging with God’s Word through the break as you anticipate next
year’s study of Revelation. The following questions allow you to reflect on the past year, prepare to
share God’s work in your life with your class and group, and give God glory for His work in your life.
Lesson 30 | 417
Second Day: Magnifying God and Glorifying Jesus
3. How did God deepen your appreciation for the importance of studying His Word regularly?
4. In what way did John’s Gospel expand your understanding and worship of God the Father?
5. What aspect of Jesus and His work on your behalf stands out to you?
Third Day: Studying God’s Word in Community

6. How were you specifically blessed by the fellowship within your group?
7. What did you learn as you supported one another in prayer?
418 | Lesson 30
Fourth Day: Investing in the Next Generation
8. If you had children in BSF Kids or the Student Program, how has their participation been a
blessing to you?
9. How did your children or students benefit from their participation?
10. If you volunteered with the children or students this year, how were you blessed?
Fifth Day: Facing Outward

11. In what ways did the blessings of this study overflow into your family, neighborhood,
church, school, or workplace?
12. How did God challenge you regarding your attitude or actions toward others?

Sixth Day: Maturing God’s People
13. Pick one word that describes your experience with the Lord and His Word this year.
14. In what way is God calling you to deeper trust or greater confidence in His plan for your life
and this world?
15. Spiritual growth involves recognizing personal sin and yielding to God. What was the
most convicting passage or most pivotal message God spoke to you this year? How did
you respond?
16. Write a short prayer expressing your commitment to God and your gratitude to Jesus for
His sacrifice on your behalf.
420 | Lesson 30
Dear ____________________,
We at Bible Study Fellowship grant you and your vendor permission to print your
________________________________.
_
Please contact Bible Study Fellowship Headquarters with any questions.
Sincerely,
Chief Officer
Date: 10/28/2022

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Welcome to Bible Study Fellowship! We are glad you have chosen to study with us this year.

1. Questions for Personal Study

Each week’s lesson includes questions rooted in a weekly Bible passage,

2. Small Group Discussion

Studying the Bible with BSF

● Read or listen to the week’s entire passage at least once or twice.

● Examine what comes before and after it.

Scripture Interprets Scripture

Sychar (Jacob's Well)

0 150 Meters 300 Meters

The Gospel JOHN

Next step: Read the lesson notes.

● The Purpose of John’s Gospel

● The Structure of John’s Gospel

The Four Gospels

The Apostle John

1. Apostles: Matthew 16:17-19; 28:19-20; John 15:16, 26-27; Ephesians 2:19-21

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Through the Holy The Unique Perspective of John’s Gospel

The Purpose of John’s Gospel

John’s Clearly Stated Aim

6. John’s mother: Matthew 20:20-21; 27:56; Mark 15:40

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John’s Primary Themes

● The revelation of Jesus—Son of God and Son of Man

● The faith of a small minority who believed the truth13

● The unbelief of the majority, which culminated in final, murderous rejection14

John’s “I Am” Statements

Each statement below offers a metaphor rich in spiritual meaning.

● “I am the bread of life.” (John 6:35, 41, 48, 51)

● “I am the light of the world.” (John 8:12)

● “I am the good shepherd.” (John 10:11, 14)

● “I am the resurrection and the life.” (John 11:25)

● “I am the true vine.” (John 15:1)

The Structure of John’s Gospel

The Prologue – 1:1-18

I. Prologue: Jesus’s Incarnation and Humanity’s Response – 1:1-18

II. Jesus Revealed – 1:19–17:26

A. To the World – 1:19–12:50

B. To His Own – 13–17

III. Jesus’s Death and Resurrection – 18–20

IV. Epilogue: Jesus’s Commission – 21

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To His Own – 13–17

Jesus’s Death and Resurrection – 18–20

15. John’s declaration: John 1:19-34

30. “It is finished”: John 19:30

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John's Prologue SCRIPTURE

Second Day: Read John 1:1-5.

Third Day: Read John 1:6-8, 15.

Fourth Day: Read John 1:9-13.

c. Give examples of reasons and ways people reject Christ today.

“born not of natural descent”

“nor of human decision”

“or a husband’s will”

Fifth Day: Read John 1:14, 16-18.

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b. How have you personally experienced God’s inexhaustible grace?

“The law was given through Moses”

“Grace and truth came through Jesus Christ”

Sixth Day: Review John 1:1-18.

Next step: Listen to the lecture.

Next step: Read the lesson notes.