NSTP-LTS Reviewer

Citizenship Training

What is Citizenship Training?

- A program wherein it develops our characters to become more mindful of our responsibilities, rights, and roles in the society.

1. Philippine Constitution
2. Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines
3. Good Citizenship Values
4. Historical and Legal basis of NSTP
5. Voter Citizenship Values

Republic Act 9163

- Approved on January 23, 2002: An act establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students,
amending for the purpose of RA 7077 and PD 1706 and for other purposes.

History of NSTP
Started with the passage of Commonwealth Act No. 1 a.k.a National Defense Act.
• An act to provide national defense of the Philippines penalizing certain violations thereof appropriating funds thereof, and for
other purposes.
• Under the government of President Manuel L. Quezon (1935)

Commonwealth Act No. 1 requires:

• College students, specifically males.
• Finish 2 years or 4 years semesters of Military Training to be served cadets of the national defense of the country.

August 8, 1980, the Commonwealth Act No. 1 was amended to give existence to:
❑Presidential Decree No. 1706 or National Service Law.
❑Mandates compulsory national service to all citizens of the country.
❑Composed of three main component programs:
➢Civic Welfare Training Service
➢Law Enforcement Service
➢ Military Service

During the time of President Corazon C. Aquino

➢Implementation of the National Service Law except the provisions of Military Service was suspended by Presidential
Memorandum Order No. 1
➢It became Basic Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) which was effective on SY 1986-198 7.

In the year 1991,

• The IRR of Republic Act 7077 modified the:
• Basic ROTC Course to Expanded ROTC Program as mandated
• The modification is composed of military subject in the first year and any of the following components:
• MTS, CWTS, and LES in the second year curriculum

On March 18, 2001

- A dead body was found wrapped in a carpet and floating in the Pasig River.
➢The face was wrapped in packing tape and the hands and face were bounded
➢Body was identified as Mark Welson Chua, 19 years old
• Engineering student of University of Santo Tomas (UST)
• Reportedly a victim of illegal ROTC practices lead to a massive protest of the college students and concerned parents against
ROTC program.
➢Since then, Expanded ROTC program morphed into National Service Training Program (NSTP )
- A new and latest amended was brought for creating the RA 9163.
➢Also known as National Service Training Program
➢Signed into law in January 23, 2002
➢Implemented in SY 2002-2003
Comprises of three (3) program components: ✓Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) ✓Literacy Training Service (LTS)
✓Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)

NSTP is designed to develop and enhance consciousness and defense preparedness among the Filipino youth by developing the
ethics of service, nationalism, and patriotism wile undergoing training in any of its three program.
1. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) refers to the program component or activities contributory to the general welfare and
the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to
improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morale of the citizenry.
2. Literacy Training Service (LTS) refers to the program designed to train the students to become capable non-licensed
instructors of functional literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youths, and other segments of society in
need of their service.
3. Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) refers to the program component institutionalized under Section 38 & 39 otherwise
known as Citizen Armed Force or the Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act of 1991, designed to provide military training
to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense preparedness

According to R.A. 9163 or the NSTP Law: All program components shall give emphasis on citizenship training and shall instill
patriotism, moral virtues, respect for the rights of civilians, and adherence to the constitution.

The Constitutional Basis of NSTP is Article 2, 1987 of the Philippine Constitution

- (Article 2, Section 4) The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon
people to defend the state and, in the fulfillment, thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by the law, to
render personal, military or civil service.
- (Article 2, Section 5) The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the
general welfare are essential for the environment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.
- (Article 2, Section 13) The state recognizes the vita role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their
physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism and
encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.

Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

- It encourages love and passion for our country, the Philippines. It shows significant messages about our deep roles and
responsibilities to every Filipino and the society. As a free nation, we must act and spend our liberty with responsibility focusing
on love of country, peace and unity.
(Eng. Version)
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a
Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
(Fil. Version)
Kami, ang nakapangyayaring sambayanang Pilipino, na humihingi ng tulong sa Makapangyarihang Diyos, upang bumuo ng isang
makatarungan at makataong lipunan at magtatag ng isang Pamahalaan nakakatawan sa aming mga mithiin at mga lunggatiin,
magtataguyod ng kabutihan sa bawat isa, mangangalaga at magpapaunlad ng aming kamanahan, at titiyak para saming sarili at
angkanang susunod ng mga biyaya ng kalayaan at demokrasya sa ilalim ng pananaig ng batas at ng pamamahalang puspos ng
katotohanan, katarungan, kalayaan, pag-ibig, pagkakapantay-pantay at kapayapaan, ay naglalagda at naghahayag ng
Konstitusyong ito
How to be a good citizen?

Be Patriotic
• Obey the rule of law.
• Pay your taxes.
• Learn the national anthem.
• Fly your country’s flag.
• Don’t litter or engage in acts of vandalism that deface your environment.
• Travel around your country and talk to your fellow citizens.

Model the Personal Qualities of a Good Citizen

• Honesty – tell the truth.
• Integrity – be morally upright.
• Responsibility – be accountable for yourself and your actions.
• Respectfulness – treat others how you want to be treated.
• Compassion – show fellowship with your compatriots who are down on their luck by volunteering and/or making donations to
charities.
• Kindness – be friendly.
• Tolerance – be tolerant of other races and religions.
• Courtesy – be considerate of others.
• Self-Discipline – have self-control and cultivate the ability to follow through on what you say you’re going to do.
• Moral Courage – stand up for what you consider to be wrong and defend those who cannot defend themselves.
• Love of Justice – be fair and ask that others be so as well.
Be Active in the Community
• Participate in a community-driven cleanup project.
• Help plant a community garden.
• Organize a campaign to raise money for new playground equipment.
• Help out your neighbors.

Keep Yourself Well-informed

Read to educate yourself about the important issues facing your nation.

Be a Mentor
• Talk to children or family members about civics and teach them to be good citizens.
• Join a school-based mentoring program and tutor kids who aren’t doing well academically.

Republic Act 8491

- Also known as “Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines”. It mandates that reverence and respect shall be accorded at all times to
the Philippine Flag, the national anthem and other national symbols that embody the country’s ideals and traditions and express
the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. It penalizes violators.
- The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our
people a just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and to standardize the
proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices
R.A. 8491 Section 3
➢ Half-Mast shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff.
➢The National Anthem shall mean the Philippine National Anthem entitled: Lupang Hinirang .
R.A. 8491 Section 5
- Hoisting and Display of the National Flag shall be hoisted or displayed in all public buildings, official residences, public plazas,
and institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.

R.A. 8491 Section 7

The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the open flag-staffs in front of said buildings
(every April 9-Araw ng Kagitingan), (May 1-Labor Day), (May 28-National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day), National
Heroes Day, November 30-Bonifacio Day and December 30-Rizal Day.

Voter Citizenship Values

The Filipino Citizenvoters education covers political and electoral system, human rights, and governance that serve to contribute
the efforts at affecting matured and informed political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters.The Filipino Citizenvoters
education covers political and electoral system, human rights, and governance that serve to contribute the efforts at affecting
matured and informed political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters.

Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (December 10, 1948)

Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. Everyone
has the right to equal access to public service in is country. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of the
government, this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and
shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedure.

Drug Education
- A training program which aims to promote the anti-drug abuse advocacy through providing information on the extent of the
country's problem on drugs, government efforts to address the problem, salient provisions of the drug law, ill effects of drugs
and current youth prevention initiatives

Republic Act 9165

AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFORE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the wellbeing of its
citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being, and to
defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development and preservation. In view of the foregoing, the
State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law against dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious social ills.
Toward this end, the government shall pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of
dangerous drugs and other similar substances through an integrated system of planning, implementation and enforcement of
anti-drug abuse policies, programs, and projects. The government shall however aim to achieve a balance in the national drug
control program so that people with legitimate medical needs are not prevented from being treated with adequate amounts of
appropriate medications, which include the use of dangerous drugs. It is further declared the policy of the State to provide
effective mechanisms or measures to re-integrate into society individuals who have fallen victims to drug abuse or dangerous
drug dependence through sustainable programs of treatment.

Section 2: Unlawful Acts and Penalties

Section 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs - A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous
drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center
for the first offense, subject to the provisions of Article VIII of this Act. If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second
time, he/she shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and a fine
ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, That this Section shall
not be applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous drug
provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions stated therein shall apply. Article II – Unlawful Acts and
Penalties Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs. – The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation of his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon
the practitioner, who shall prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose physical or physiological condition does not
require the use or in the dosage prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with recognized competent
experts who are authorized representatives of professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are involved in
the care of persons with severe pain.

Article 4: Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers and School Authorities in the Enforcement of this Act
Section 41. Involvement of the Family. – The family being the basic unit of the Filipino society shall be primarily responsible for
the education and awareness of the members of the family on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and close monitoring of family
members who may be susceptible to drug abuse.
Section 42. Student Councils and Campus Organizations. – All elementary, secondary and tertiary schools' student councils and
campus organizations shall include in their activities a program for the prevention of and deterrence in the use of dangerous
drugs, and referral for treatment and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.
Section 43. School Curricula. – Instruction on drug abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the elementary,
secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and private schools, whether general, technical, vocational or agro-industrial as well
as in non-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems. Such instructions shall include: (1) Adverse effects of the abuse and
misuse of dangerous drugs on the person, the family, the school and the community; (2) Preventive measures against drug
abuse; (3) Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic dimensions and implications of the drug problem; (4) Steps
to take when intervention on behalf of a drug dependent is needed, as well as the services available for the treatment and
rehabilitation of drug dependents; and (5) Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, the
importance and safety of dangerous drugs for medical and therapeutic use as well as the differentiation between medical
patients and drug dependents in order to avoid confusion and accidental stigmatization in the consciousness of the students.
Section 44. Heads, Supervisors, and Teachers of Schools. – For the purpose of enforcing the provisions of Article II of this Act, all
school heads, supervisors and teachers shall be deemed persons in authority and, as such, are hereby empowered to
apprehend, arrest or cause the apprehension or arrest of any person who shall violate any of the said provisions, pursuant to
Section 5, Rule 113 of the Rules of Court. They shall be deemed persons in authority if they are in the school or within its
immediate vicinity, or even beyond such immediate vicinity if they are in attendance at any school or class function in their
official capacity as school heads, supervisors, and teachers. Any teacher or school employee, who discovers or finds that any
person in the school or within its immediate vicinity is liable for violating any of said provisions, shall have the duty to report the
same to the school head or immediate superior who shall, in turn, report the matter to the proper authorities. Failure to do so in
either case, within a reasonable period from the time of discovery of the violation shall, after due hearing, constitute sufficient
cause for disciplinary action by the school authorities.

Drug education enables children, youth and adults to develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to appreciate the benefits of
living healthily (which may or may not include the use of psychoactive substances), promote responsibility towards the use of
drugs and relate these to their own actions and those of others.

Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.
Dangerous drugs are those that have tendency for abuse and dependency, these substance may be organic or synthetic, and
pose harm to those who use them.
Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results to changes in an individual’s physical, mental or
behavioral condition.
Drug abuse exits when a person continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical and psychological dependence or both on a dangerous drug.

Addiction is a disease that affects your brain and behavior. When you’re addicted to drugs, you can’t resist the urge to use them,
no matter how much harm the drugs may cause. The earlier you get treatment for drug addiction, the more likely you are to
avoid some of the more dire consequences of the disease. Drug addiction isn’t about just heroin, cocaine, or other illegal drugs.
A person can get addicted to alcohol, nicotine, sleep and anti-anxiety medications.
People turn to drugs because of:
✓Peer pressure
✓Curiosity
✓Adventure
✓Feel good
✓Escape form reality
✓Easy access to drugs

Drug Dependency is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by
a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis. A person dependent on drugs will experience
withdrawal reactions (also know as “cold turkey”, symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped
abruptly) after abstaining form drugs.

Commonly Abused Substances:

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu) Found to have harmful effects to the brain. It changes how the brain functions.
Studies have shown that methamphetamine abusers have reduced motor skills and impaired verbal learning as a result of
alterations in the activity of the dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, experience of pleasure and motor
function.
Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas
Effects of Methamphetamine: • Extreme weight loss • Severe dental problems • Anxiety • Confusion • Insomnia • Mood
disturbances • Violent behavior

Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana) Marijuana use impairs a person’s ability to form a new memories and to shift focus. Its active
component, tetrahydrocannabinol also disrupts coordination and balance, posture, and reaction time. Chronic marijuana use
significantly reduces a person’s capacity to learn, carry-out complicated tasks, participate in sports, driving and operating other
machineries. Marijuana can also lead to lung cancer and other problems in the respiratory and immune systems.
Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke
Health problems using Marijuana • Problems with memory and learning • Distorted perception • Trouble with thinking and
problem solving • Loss of motor coordination • Increased heart rate and palpitations

Inhalants The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including slurred speech, lack of coordination, euphoria and
dizziness. Inhalant abusers may also experience lightheadedness, hallucinations, and delusions.
Harmful irreversible effects of inhalants: • Hearing loss • Limb spasms • Central nervous system or brain damage • Bone marrow
damage

A person may be on drugs if one notices the following changes:

1. Appearance
2. Mood
3. Behavior
4. Interest

Effects of Drugs

Mental Health/Psychological Effects

1. Disturbance in Perception – auditory and visual hallucination
2. Disturbance in Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
3. Disturbance in Memory
4. Disturbance in Judgment – depression that may lead to suicide

Physical Health/Physiological Effects

1. Systematic – cardiac pathology – irregularity of heart beat, elevated or lowered blood pressure, chest pain, convulsions or
death from cardiac arrest.
2. Pulmonary (lungs) illness
3. Hepatic (liver) problems
4. Renal (kidney) diseases

Common Signs of Drug Abuse

1. Changes in attendance is school or work
2. Changes in the normal capabilities in school/work
3. Abrupt changes in overall attitude
4. Generally lazy, irritable, discourteous, aggressive
5. Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
6. Manipulative
7. Have a distorted view of reality
8. Low frustration tolerance
9. Con-game player
10. Lacks interest in his studies/work (withdrawal form responsibilities)
11. Blames everybody but himself
12. No respect for the rights of others
13. Prefers to stay with peers
14. May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
15. Poor physical appearance 16. Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times

Classifications of Drug Abusers

Experimenters – people who abuse drugs for experimental basis.
Occasional users – abuse the drug occasional/whenever there are special occasions. They abuse the drug once every 2 weeks to
2 times a week.
Regular users – abuse the drug on a regular basis approximately 3 to 4 times a week or every other day.
Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drugs everyday or about 5 to 7 times a week.
Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance Induced Psychosis – drug abusers who manifest signs and symptoms of psychotic
disorders caused by the effects of drugs (hallucinations, disorientations, delusions, etc.)

What are the criteria for Drug Dependency?

•Withdrawal symptoms
•Need to take drugs to overcome withdrawal symptoms
•Compulsion
•Tolerance relapse
•Reduced social/occupational act

How to Stay Away from Drugs

• Devote yourself to studies and other productive activities
•Stay away from people, places, and events that promote drug use
• Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using drugs
• Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
•Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
•Always say NO

What are the countermeasures for substance abuse?