CAPE Pure Maths UNIT 2 (2012)

QUESTION 1

(a) (i) a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 −4 ± 2√2

𝑥=
𝑑𝑦 2
= 2𝑥𝑒 + 𝑥 𝑒 = 𝑒 (𝑥 + 2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = −2 ± √2
𝑑 𝑦 (ii) when 𝑥 = −2
= 𝑒 (𝑥 + 2𝑥) + 𝑒 (2𝑥 + 2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦
= 𝑒 (𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 2) =𝑒 ((−2) + 4(−2) + 2)
𝑑𝑥
b) =0 2
=−
𝑒
𝑒 (𝑥 + 2𝑥) = 0
Maximum point
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 0
When 𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑑 𝑦
𝑥 = −2, 0 = 𝑒 (0 + 4(0) + 2) = 2
𝑑𝑥

c) =0 Minimum point

When 𝑥 = −2 ± √2
𝑒 (𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 2) = 0
Points of inflection
𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 2 = 0

−4 ± 4 − 4(1)(2)
𝑥=
2(1)

(b) (i) 𝑥 = sin √𝑡 1 1 3

𝑦= −2 =−
2 2 4
𝑑𝑥 1 1 1
= × 𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡 √1 − 𝑡 2 2√𝑡√1 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
== 4 − 1 1− = −1
𝑦 = 𝑡 − 2𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 2 2

𝑑𝑦 𝜋 3
= 2𝑡 − 2 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑚 = −1, ,−
𝑑𝑡 4 4
𝑑𝑦 3 𝜋
= (2𝑡 − 2)2 𝑡(1 − 𝑡) − = −1 +𝑐
𝑑𝑥 4 4

= 4(𝑡 − 1) 𝑡(1 − 𝑡) 𝜋−3

=𝑐
4
(ii) when 𝑡 = 𝜋−3
𝑦 = −𝑥 +
4
1 𝜋
𝑥 = sin =
2 4
QUESTION 2

(a) (i) ( )( )
= + (ii) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 − 1)
When 𝑥 = 1 2𝑥 − 1 1
= 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
−2 = 2𝐴 𝑥 +1 𝑥−1
−1 = 𝐴
2𝑥 1 1
= 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
Equating coefficients of 𝑥 : 𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1 𝑥−1
1=𝐴+𝐵
= ln(𝑥 + 1) − tan 𝑥 − ln(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
2=𝐵

Equating coefficients of 𝑥:
−3 = −𝐵 + 𝐶
−1 = 𝐶
𝑥 − 3𝑥 2𝑥 − 1 1
= −
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1

(b) (i) sin 2𝑥 = sin(3𝑥 − 𝑥)

sin 2𝑥 = sin 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − cos 3𝑥 sin 𝑥
cos 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 = sin 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥

(ii) 𝐼 = ∫ cos 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝐽 = ∫ cos 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = cos 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = 𝑚 cos 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥)

= −𝑚 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = sin 3𝑥

𝑣 = − cos 3𝑥

1 𝑚
cos 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3
1 𝑚
𝐼 = − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − (sin 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3
1 𝑚 𝑚
𝐼 = − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3 3
1 𝑚 𝑚
𝐼 = − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 𝐼 + 𝐽
3 3 3
3𝐼 = − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 𝑚𝐼 + 𝑚𝐽

(𝑚 + 3)𝐼 = 𝑚𝐽 − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥

(iii) cos 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 = cos 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 + sin 2𝑥

𝐼 = cos 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 When 𝑚 = 1

4𝐼 = 𝐽 − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥

= cos 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝜋 𝜋
= sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − cos 3 cos − cos 3(0) cos 0
4 4

1
= sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − − − 1
2

3
= sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +
2

(iv) ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥

0
1 𝜋 1
= − cos 2 − − cos 2(0)
2 4 2

1
=
2

QUESTION 3

(a) (i) 𝑢 = 𝑢 𝑟 = 486 ( )

(ii) 𝑆 =
𝑢 =𝑢 𝑟 = 118 098 ( )
177146 =
𝑢 𝑟 118098
=𝑟 = = 243 177146 = 3 − 1
𝑢 𝑟 486

𝑟 = 243 177147 = 3

𝑟=3 ln 177147 = ln 3

𝑢 (243) = 486 ln 177147 = 𝑛 ln 3

𝑢 =2 =𝑛

11 = 𝑛
 (i) 𝑢 = 𝑟(𝑟 + 2)

(ii) 𝑃 : ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 7)

𝑃 : 1(1 + 2) = (1)(1 + 1)(2(1) + 7)

3=3

Therefore 𝑃 is true

Assume that 𝑃 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘

𝑃 :∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7)

𝑃 :∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(2𝑘 + 9)

Now, 𝑃 = 𝑃 + (𝑘 + 1) term

𝑃 = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 3)

𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7) + 6(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 3)

=
6
(𝑘 + 1)
= [2𝑘 + 7𝑘 + 6𝑘 + 18]
6
(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 9)(𝑘 + 2)
=
6
Therefore 𝑃 is true whenever 𝑃 is true.

Hence by Mathematical Induction ∑ 𝑛(𝑛 + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 7) for all 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

(b) (i) From formula sheet (ii) cos 2𝑥 = 1 − 2 sin 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 1 − +
2! 4!
1 1 2
(2𝑥) (2𝑥) = − 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥
cos 2𝑥 = 1 − + 2 2 3
2 24
1 1 1
4 16 = − +𝑥 − 𝑥
=1− 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 2 3
2 24
1
2 =𝑥 − 𝑥
= 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 3
3
QUESTION 4
𝑛 !
(a) (i) =( (iii) 𝑥 −
𝑟 )! !

𝑛 !
Coefficient of 𝑥
(ii) =
𝑛−𝑟 ( ) !( )!
8
𝑛! (𝑥 ) −
= 4
𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)!
𝑛 70𝑥
=
𝑟
= 5670

(iv) (1 + 𝑥) = (1 + 𝑥) (1 + 𝑥)
2𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯+ 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯+ 𝑥 + 𝑥
𝑛 0 1 𝑛−1 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛−1 1 0

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
= 𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯+ 𝑥 + 𝑥
0 1 𝑛−1 𝑛
2𝑛
= 𝑐 + 𝑐 + 𝑐 + ⋯+ 𝑐 +𝑐
𝑛

(b) (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 1 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 1

𝑓(0.2) = 2(0.2) + 3(0.2) − 4(0.2) − 1 𝑓 (𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 4

208
=− 2(0.6) + 3(0.6) − 4(0.6) − 1
125 𝑥 = 0.6 −
6(0.6) + 6(0.6) − 4
𝑓(2) = 2(2) + 3(2) − 4(2) − 1 = 19
𝑥 = 1.672727
𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on the interval [0.2, 2]
and 𝑓(0.2)𝑓(2) < 0. By the Intermediate 𝑥 = 1.231807
Value Theorem there is some 𝑐 such that
𝑥 = 1.042692
𝑓(𝑐)) = 0. Therefore there is a root in the
interval [0.2, 2]. 𝑥 = 1.00

QUESTION 5

(a) (i) 4 × 6𝑃3 = 480

(ii) 4 × 7 = 1372

(b) (i) =

(ii) 0 T, O G, 5 J = 6𝐶5 = 6

1 T, 1 G, 3 J = 2𝐶1 × 3𝐶1 × 6𝐶3 = 120

2 T, 2 G, 1 J = 2𝐶2 × 3𝐶2 × 6𝐶1 = 18

Total number of committees is 6 + 120 + 18 = 144

(c) 𝐵 = 𝐴 − 3𝐴 − 1
1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0 0
= 2 1 −1 2 1 −1 − 3 2 1 −1 − 0 1 0
1 −1 1 1 −1 1 1 −1 1 0 0 1
4 −3 6 3 0 9 1 0 0
= 3 2 4 − 6 3 −3 − 0 1 0
0 −2 5 3 −3 3 0 0 1
0 −3 −3
= −3 −2 7
−3 1 1
1 0 3 0 −3 −3 −9 0 0
(ii) 2 1 −1 −3 −2 7 = 0 −9 0 = −9𝐼
1 −1 1 −3 1 1 0 0 −9
(iii) 𝐴𝐵 = −9𝐼
𝐴 − 𝐵 =𝐼

1 1 0 −3 −3
𝐴 =− 𝐵=− −3 −2 7
9 9
−3 1 1

𝑥 3
(iv) 𝐵 𝑦 = −1
𝑧 2
𝑥 3
𝑦 =𝐵 −1
𝑧 2
𝑥 1 0 3 3
𝑦 =− 2 1 −1 −1
𝑧 1 −1 1 2
−1
𝑥 9 1
1 ⎛− ⎞
𝑦 =− 3 = ⎜ 3⎟
𝑧 9 2
6
−
⎝ 3⎠
QUESTION 6
√ √
(a) (i) 𝐴 = (ii) 𝐴 + 𝐵 = + =
(1 + 𝑖)(1 + 𝑖) √2 √2
= 𝐴+𝐵 =𝑖+ + 𝑖
(1 − 𝑖)(1 + 𝑖) 2 2
1 + 2𝑖 + 𝑖
= √2 2 + √2
1+1 = + 𝑖
2𝑖 2 2
= 2 + √2 √2 3𝜋
2 arg(𝐴 + 𝐵) = tan ÷ =
=𝑖 2 2 8
√2
𝐵=
1−𝑖
√2(1 + 𝑖)
=
(1 − 𝑖)(1 + 𝑖)
√2(1 + 𝑖)
=
2
√2 √2
= + 𝑖
2 2

(b) (i) 𝑧 = 𝑖 When 𝑏 = −

√
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) = 𝑖
𝑎 − 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑖 = 𝑖 1 √2
𝑎= =−
Equating real parts √2 2
2 −
𝑎 −𝑏 =0 2
𝑎 =𝑏 (1) √2 √2
Equating imaginary parts 𝑧 =− − 𝑖
2 2
2𝑎𝑏 = 1
1 (ii) 𝑧 − (3 + 5𝑖)𝑧 − (4 − 7𝑖) = 0
𝑎𝑏 =
2 3 + 5𝑖 ± (3 + 5𝑖) − 4(1)(−4 + 7𝑖)
1 𝑧=
𝑎= (2) 2(1)
2𝑏
Sub (2) into (1) 3 + 5𝑖 ± √9 + 30𝑖 − 25 + 16 − 28𝑖
=
1 2
2=𝑏 3 + 5𝑖 ± √2𝑖
2𝑏 =
1 2
=𝑏
4𝑏 3 + 5𝑖 ± √2√𝑖
1 =
=𝑏 2
4 √2 √2
1 √2 3 + 5𝑖 ± √2 + 𝑖
2 2
± =𝑏=± =
√2 2 2
When 𝑏 = 3 + 5𝑖 ± (1 + 𝑖)
√ =
1 2
√2 3 + 5𝑖 + 1 + 𝑖
𝑎= = 𝑧= = 2 + 3𝑖
√2 2 2
2
2 3 + 5𝑖 − (1 + 𝑖)
𝑧= = 1 + 2𝑖
√2 √2 2
𝑧 = + 𝑖
2 2
(c) cos 6𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 6𝜃 = (cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)
= cos 𝜃 + 6 cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + 15 cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + 20 cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + 15 cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)
+6 cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + (𝑖 sin 𝜃)
= cos 𝜃 + 6𝑖 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 15 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 20𝑖 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 15 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 6𝑖 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
Equating real parts
cos 6𝜃 = cos 𝜃 − 15 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 15 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
 CAPE – 2015

Pure Math Unit 2 – Paper 02

Solutions

Qu Details CK AK R Tot
1 (a) (i) −2 + 2i 3 − 3i  3 − 3   3 + 3 
× = + i
3 + 3i 3 − 3i  6   6 
(ii) −2 + 2i 6
r= w = =
1 × 3 + 3i 3

3π  π π π 6 π3 i
arg w = − + = w= e
4 12 3  3 3
(b)
( x + iy )
2
= 2 + i ⇒ x 2 − y 2 = 2 and 2 xy = 1

2± 5
solving for x and y gives 4 x 4 − 8 x 2 − 1 = 0 ⇒ x 2 =
2

2+ 5
but x 2 − y 2 > 0 ⇒ x 2 =
2
(c) (i) 1 
1

(1 − t ) ( −e ) ( ) ( −2t )
−t −t −
2
− e  1 − t2 2

dx
− 2 (
−t
 = e t + t −1
2
)
( )
2
dt
( )
3
1 − t2 1 − t2

( ) ( )
3
dy 1 dy 1 1 − t2 et 1 − t 2
= = × −t 2 = 2
dt 1 − t2 dx 1 − t2 e t + t − 1 t + t −1( ) ( )
(ii) 1 − t 2 = 0 ⇒ t = ± 1 but x is undefined for ± 1
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
2 (a) (i) dy dy dy 8x + 3 y2 + 7
8 x + 3 y 2 + 6 xy +7+3 =0⇒ =−
dx dx dx 3 (1 + 2 xy )
Award full marks for correct working
∂f ( x, y ) ∂ 2 f ( x, y ) ∂f ( x, y ) ∂ f ( x, y )
(ii) = 6 xy + 3 = 6x = 8x + 3 y 2 + 7 =8
∂y ∂y 2
∂x ∂x 2

∂f ( x, y )
= 6y 6 ( 6 xy + 3) − 10 = 6 x ( 6 y ) + 8 ⇒ result shown
∂y ∂x

(b) (i) 18 x 2 + 13 5
=2+ 2
9x + 4
2
9x + 4
 
(ii) 2 
   −1  3 x 
2

∫
5 5
2 2 +  d x = 2  2 x + tan   
 2
  6  2 0 
  3 x  
0 4 1 +   
   2   


5
8+ tan −1 ( 3)
3

∫ (h ) ∫
(c) (i) n
ln h dh = h n h ( ln h − 1) − n h n − 1 h ( ln h − 1) dh

∫
= h n + 1 ( ln h − 1) − n h n ln h dh + n h n dh
∫
∫
n
( n + 1) h n ln h dh = h n + 1 ln h − h n + 1 + hn + 1
n +1

hn + 1  n 
∫ h ln h dh =
n

n + 1
 ln h − 1 + 
n + 1

hn + 1
= ( n + 1) ln h − 1 + C
( n + 1)
2
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
2 (c) (ii)
sin ( 2 + 1) x
∫ (sin x cos x ln (sin x )) dx = ( 2 + 1)
2
2
( 2 + 1) ln ( sin x ) − 1 + C

sin 3 x
[3 ln (sin x) − 1] + C
9

3 (a) (i) lim 2 n + 1

x → ∞

 1 
lim n  1 + 2 
x → ∞
 n 

lim 2 n lim 1
x → ∞ x → ∞
= +
 1   1 
lim n  1 + 2  lim n  1 + 2 
x → ∞
 n  x → ∞
 n 

2
= lim = 2
x → ∞
 1 
1 + 2 
 n 
(ii) 1
2 ( 4) + 1
−
9 9 9 1 2
T4 = = = = 1 + 
42 + 1 17  1  4 16 
4 1 + 
 16 
(iii)   1   1  
 − − 1  − − 2 1 3 
9
2
 1  1   2  1  +  2   
1 +  −   +    
4  2   16  2  16  6  16  
 

≈ 2.18
(b) (i) n

Sn = ∑ r r+ 1
r =1
2
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
(b) (ii) n
1 π2 1 π2
Sn = ∑
r =1
r
+
6
1 1 1
= 1 + + + + ... + +
2 3 4 n 6
1 1 1 1 1 1
1+ < 1 + + < 1 + + < < ...
2 2 3 2 3 4
⇒ S n diverges as n → ∞, ∀ n ∈ N

Knowledge of the harmonic series not required

(c) The statement
n
(
n n2 − 1 )
Pn = ∑
r =1
r (r − 1) =
3
for n = 1 P1 is true for n = 2 P2 is true

assume Pn is true for n = k , k ∈ N , k > 2, then Pk =

(
k k2 − 1 )
3

Pk + 1 =
(
k k2 − 1 ) + ( k + 1)( k + 1 − 1) = k ( k + 1)( k − 1) + ( k + 1) (k )
3 3
k +1 k + 1
( k (k − 1) + 3k ) = ( k + 1) − 1
2
=
3 3 

since Pk is true and Pk + 1 is true ⇒ Pn is true ∀ n ∈ N

4 (a) (i) g (0) = e g′ ( x) = 3e3 x + 1 g′(0) = 3e g′′ ( x) = 9e3 x + 1 g′′ (0) = 9e

g′′′ ( x) = 27e3 x + 1 g′′′ (0) = 27e g′′′′ ( x) = 81e3 x + 1 g′′′′ (0) = 81e

9e x 2 9e x3 27e x 4
g (x) = e + 3e x + + +
2 2 8
(ii) 9e (0.2)2 9e (0.2)3 27e (0.2)4
g (0.2) = e + 3e (0.2) + + +
2 2 8

= 4.951...
(b) (i) f (−2) < 0 f (−1) > 0 or f (−1) > 0 f (0) < 0
Alternatively consider
−2 + 0
= − 1 ⇒ IVT may be applied to ( −2, − 1) and (−1, 0)
2
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
4 (b) −0.7 − 0.3 −0.7 − 0.5
= − 0.5 f (−0.5) < 0 = − 0.6
(ii) 2 2
−0.6 − 0.5
f (−0.6) > 0 = − 0.55 f (−0.55) > 0
2
−0.55 − 0.5
= − 0.525 f (−0.525) < 0
2
−0.55 − 0.525
= − 0.5375 f (−0.5375) ≈ − 0.001.....
2
⇒ f (−0.538) ≈ 0
(c)  sin (16.5 ) 
x2 = 5.5 −   = 5.16218...
 3 cos (16.5 ) 

 sin (15.48654 ) 
x3 = 5.16218 −   = 5.23721......
 3 cos (15.48654 ) 

 sin (15.71163) 
x4 = 5.23721 −   = 5.23598
 3 cos (15.71163 ) 

x ≈ 5.24...
5 (a) (i) 10
C4 = 210
(ii) 3
C1 × 7C3 + 3C2 × 7C2 + 3C3 × 7C1 = 175
(b) (i) Single numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = 5
2-digit numbers = 5 P2 = 20
3-digit numbers = 5 P3 = 60
4-digit numbers = 5 P4 = 120
5-digit numbers = 5 P5 = 120 total numbers = 325
(ii) 3-digit numbers > 100, > 200, > 300, > 400, > 500 = 5 × 4 P2 = 60
4-digit numbers > 1000, > 2000 > 3000, > 4000, > 5000 = 5 × 4 P3 = 120
5-digit numbers > 10 000, > 20 000, > 30 000, > 40 000, > 50 000
= 5 × 4 P4 = 120
300 12
P (#s > 100) = =
325 13
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
5 (c) (i)  7
2 −
3 −1 2   4 6 −2 7 
   
1 −1 2 7  2 R1 + 6 R2 & 2 R3 ⇒ 10 0 10 35 
3 9   3 0 6 18 
 0 3   
2 

 4 6 −2 −7 
 
3 R2 − 10 R3 ⇒ 10 0 10 35 
 0 0 −30 −75 
 

 4 6 −2 −7 
 
5 R1 − 2 R2 ⇒  0 30 −30 −105 
 0 0 −30 −75 
 

 7
1 3 1− 
− 4
 2 2 
R2 & − R3 ⇒  0
1 1 1 7
R1 & 1 −1 −
4 30 30  2
0 0 1 
 5 

 2 
(iii) 5
x = 1, y = − 1, z =
2
(iv)  7  7
2 −  2 3 −1 − 2 
3 −1 2 
  2  
1 −1 2 7  R2 − R3 ⇒  1 −1 2 7 
3 3
3 9  0 0 0 1 
 − 3   
2 2   
Since the last row is inconsistent no solution exists
Note: showing the determinant = 0 is not sufficient for no solution
exists.....the system may have infinitely many solutions
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
6 (a) (i) school = 0.7 r & s = 0.224
rain = 0.32

no school = 0.3 r & no school = 0.096

school = 0.99 s & school = 0.6732

sunny = 0.68

no school = 0.01 s & no school = 0.0068

(ii) P (school) = 0.224 + 0.6732 = 0.8972

(iii) 0.224
P (rain given school) = = 0.250...
0.8972
(b) dy  1  x
− y = −
dx  x (1 + x)  1+ x

1  1 1 1 + x 
∫ − x (1 + x ) dx ∫  (1 + x ) − x  dx ln   1+ x
I =e =e =e  x 
=
x

 1 + x  dy  1 1 + x   x 1 + x 
  −   y = −  
 
 x  dx  x (1 + x )   x   1+ x  x 

d  (1 + x) 
∫ 
dx  x
y  dy =
 ∫ − dx
(1 + x ) y = − x ⇒ y + xy + x 2 =0
x
Qu Details CK AK R Tot
6 (b) u2 = 2 ⇒ u = ± 2 CF : y = Ae 2x
+ Be − 2x

(ii) a)

y (0) = 1 ⇒ A + B = 1 ........(i ) y′ = 2 Ae 2x
− 2 Be − 2x

 2
y′   = 0 ⇒ 0 = 2 Ae − 2 Be−1 ........(ii )
 2 

2e −1 (i ) ⇒ 2 Ae −1 + 2 Be −1 = 2e−1 and 2 Ae − 2 Be−1 = 0

(i ) + (ii ) ⇒ 2 e −1 = 2 Ae + 2 Ae −1 ⇒ 2 e −1 = (
2 A e + e −1 )

2 e −1 1 1 e2
A= A= B =1− A =1− =
 e2 + 1  e +1
2
e2 + 1 e2 + 1
2 
 e 

y=
1
e +1
2
e ( 2x
+ e2 − 2x
)
2016 Cape Unit 2 Paper 2 Solutions

1. (a) (i)   1  3i    1  3i
    1  3i  1  3i  2
  1  3i 1  3i   1  9  10

1 1
(ii) sum of roots: 
 2  2
  4  2 1
 
  2     4 10 5

1 1
product of roots: .
  2   2
1 1 1
 
  2     4 10  4  4 10

1 1
equation: x 2  x   0  10 x 2  2 x  1  0
5 10

(b) (i) and (ii) Im

(4, 2)

Re
1 7
-1

5
u
(iii) z 5
v
u  16  4  2 5
v  1 8  3
5
 2 5  800 5
z    
  7.36
 3  243

arg z  arg u 5  arg v 5  5 arg u  5 arg v

1
arg u  tan 1    26.57
2
 
arg v  tan 1 2 2  70.53

arg z  526.57  70.53  219.8  140.2

 dx dy
(c)  4 sin t  6 cos 2t
dt dt
dy 6 cos 2t

dx  4 sin t
dy
 0  cos 2t  0
dx
 3
0  2t  2  2t  ,
2 2
 3
t ,
4 4

 
t  x  4 cos
2 2
4 4
3 3
t  x  4 cos  2 2
4 4

w 2x  10  2 x  y  1
2. (a)  
x x  10 2
2x  y
x  10
2 x  20  2 x  y x  10
 
x  102 2x  y
  y  20

x  102 x  y 

e
2x
(b) sin e x dx

let t  ex [substitution]
dt
 e x  dt  e x dx
dx
 e sin e dx   e sin e .e dx   t sin tdt
2x x x x x

let u t dv  sin t [by parts]

du  1 v   cos t
 t sin tdt  t cos t   cos tdt
 t cos t  sin t  c
 e x cos e x  sin e x  c

52
(c) (i) h 1
3

x 2 3 4 5

f x 
11 9 9 19
5 10 17 52

1 11  9 9  19 
 2    
2  5
Area =
 10 17  52 
 2.71
 x 2  2x  3 A Bx  C
  2
(ii)

x  1 x  1 x  1 x  1
2

x 2  2 x  3  A x 2  1  Bx  C x  1  
compare coeffients
x2 : 1 A B [1]
1
x : 2  B  C [2]
0
x : 3  AC [3]
1  2  3  2 A  6  A  3
2  3  A  B  5  3  5  B  2  B
[3]  3  3  C  0  C

x 2  2x  3 3 2x
   2

x  1 x  1 x  1 x  1
2

5 5 5
f x dx  
3 2x
(iii) 
2 2
x 1
dx   2 dx
2
x 1

 3 ln x  1  ln x 2  1 5

 3 ln 4  ln 26  3 ln1  ln 5
 2.51


3. (a) u10  u8  xu9 

34 x  1  13x  1  xu9 

21x  xu9 

21  u9 

 
n n n n
(b) (i) S n   r r  1   r 2  r   r 2   r
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1


n
n  12n  1  nn  1
6 2

nn  12n  1  3nn  1


6

nn  12n  1  3

6

nn  12n  2

6

nn  1n  1

3



n n2 1 
3

20 9 20
(ii)  r r  1   r r  1   r r  1
1 1 10
20 20 9

 r r  1   r r  1   r r  1
10 1 1



20 20  1 9 9 2  1

2
  
3 3
 20133  380  2420
 (c) (i)
2r
Pr n Pr

2r ! . n! . 1
2r ! 2r  r ! n  r ! 2r !
1 n!
 .
r ! n  r !
n!

r !n  r !
 n Cr

(ii) a  bn nCr a nr b r

therefore the term with x is 5C2 3x  2
3 3 2

 1080x 3
coefficient: 1080

4. (a) (i) f x   6 4 x 2  4 x  1
 
1

 4x 2  4x  1 6

 2 x  1 
1
2 6

 1  2 x 3
1

(ii) f x   1 
1
2 x  
 4 x 2   13  32  35 8x 3   13  32  35  38 16x 4   ...
1 2
3 3

3 2 6 24
2 4 40 3 160 4
 1 x  x2  x  x  ...
3 9 81 243

f 0.4  1  0.4  4 0.42  40 0.43  160 0.44

2
(iii)
3 9 81 243
 1.22

(b) (i) h0   1

h1  1
since h is continuous, by the IVT a root exists in the interval

1
(ii) x2   0.671
0.72  1
1
x3   0.690
0.6712  1
1
x4   0.677
0.6902  1
1
x5   0.686
0.6772  1
1
x6   0.680
0.6862  1
1
x7   0.684
0.6802  1
therefore root is 0.68
 f xn 
(c) xn1  xn 
f xn 
e 4 x 3  4
 xn 
4e 4 x 3
1 1
 x n   4 x 3
4 e
xn  0.25  e 34 x

x2  1  0.25  e 1  1.1179
x3  1.1179  0.25  e 341.1179   1.0975
x4  1.0975  0.25  e 341.0975   1.0966
x5  1.0966  0.25  e 341.0966   1.0966
x  1.097

5. (a) (i) 13
P8  51, 891, 840

(ii) case 1: the friends go on the bus

3
C3 .5 C2  10

case 2: the friends don’t go on the bus

3
C0 .5 C5  1

10  1  11

2!  3!
(b) P (G and A open) 
5!
 0.1

2 1 2 1
(c) (i) det A  0  4 3
1 0 1 6
 4 1  313
  43

4 3 0 3 0 4 
  
6 0 1 0 1 6 
 1 1 2 1 2 1
(ii) cofactor of A:   
 6 0 1 0 1 6 
 
 1 1  2 1 2 1 
 4 3 0 3 0 4 

 18  3 4 
   6  1  13
 7  6 8 

 18  6 7 
Adjoint A:   3  1  6
 
 4  13 8 

 18  6 7 
1 
Therefore A  1
  3  1  6
 43
 4  13 8 
6. (a) (i) 2  2  6  24

(ii) P(one head) = P(HT) + P(TH)

1 1 1
  
4 4 2

(iii) P(HTE) + P(THE) + P(HHE)

1 1 1 1 1 1
=     
4 2 4 2 4 2
1 1 1 3
=   
8 8 8 8

(b) y  C1 x  C2 x 2
y   C1  2C 2 x
y   2C 2

x2
2
x2
y   xy   y  2C2   xC1  2C2 x   C1 x  C2 x 2
2
 
 C2 x 2  C1 x  2C2 x 2  C1 x  C2 x 2
 C2 x 2  2C2 x 2  C2 x 2  C1 x  C1 x
0
therefore y  C1 x  C 2 x is a solution.
2

(c) (i) 
3 x2  x  dy
dx
 2 y 1  2 x 
1 2 1  2x
dy  . 2 dx
y 3 x x
1 2 1  2x
 y dy  3  x 2  x dx
2
ln y  ln x 2  x  k
3
2

ln y  ln x 2  x 3  ln C


ln y  ln C 3 x 2  x  2


y  C 3 x2  x 
2

(ii) y  1, x  1

1  C 3 12  1  2

1 C3 4
1
3
C
4

y 
1 3 2

. x x 
2
3
x 2
x 
2

3
4 4
CAPE UNIT 2 2017
QUESTION 1

(a) (cos (sin 𝑥))

1 1
=− ×
1 − (sin 𝑥) √1 − 𝑥

(b) (i) 𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦) = ln (ii) 𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦) = ln|2𝑥 + 𝑦| − ln|𝑥 − 1|

𝜕𝑤 1
= ln|2𝑥 + 𝑦| − ln|𝑥 − 1| =
𝜕𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝜕𝑤 2 1
= − 𝜕 𝑤 2
𝜕𝑥 2𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 − 1 =−
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 (2𝑥 + 𝑦)
1 2 1
− = − 𝜕 𝑤 1
9 2(4) + 𝑦 4−1 =−
𝜕𝑦 (2𝑥 + 𝑦)
2 2
= 𝜕 𝑤 𝜕 𝑤 2 1
9 8+𝑦 −2 =− −2 −
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) (2𝑥 + 𝑦)
9= 8+𝑦
2 2
𝑦 =1 =− +
(2𝑥 + 𝑦) (2𝑥 + 𝑦)

=0

(c) (i) 𝑢 = −15 + 8𝑖 𝑥 = ±1

(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = −15 + 8𝑖 𝑢 = ±(1 + 4𝑖)

𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 = −15 + 8𝑖 (ii) 𝑧 − (3 + 2𝑖)𝑧 + (5 + 𝑖) = 0

𝑥 − 𝑦 = −15 (3 + 2𝑖) ± (3 + 2𝑖) − 4(1)(5 + 𝑖)

𝑧=
4 2(1)
𝑥𝑦 = 4 → 𝑥=
𝑦 (3 + 2𝑖) ± √5 + 12𝑖 − 20 − 4𝑖
𝑧=
4 2
− 𝑦 = −15
𝑦 (3 + 2𝑖) ± √−15 + 8𝑖
𝑧=
16 2
− 𝑦 + 15 = 0
𝑦 (3 + 2𝑖) ± (1 + 4𝑖)
𝑧=
2
𝑦 − 15𝑦 − 16 = 0
4 + 6𝑖
(𝑦 − 16)(𝑦 + 1) = 0 𝑧= = 2 + 3𝑖
2
𝑦 = 16 2 − 2𝑖
𝑧= =1−𝑖
2
𝑦 = ±4
QUESTION 2

(a) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑛
𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛𝑥
𝑎𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑛𝐼
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑣= 𝑒

(ii) ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = [𝑥 𝑒 − 3𝐼 ]
3
1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑒 −3 (𝑥 𝑒 − 2𝐼 )
3 3

1
𝐼 = [𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 + 2𝐼 ]
3
1 1
𝐼 = [𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 +2 (𝑥𝑒 −𝐼 )
3 3
1 2 2
𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 − 𝐼
3 3 3
1 2 2
𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
3 3 3
1 1 2 2
𝐼 = 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 +𝑐
3 3 9 27

(b) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (sin (1)) (sin (0))

= −
2 2
(sin 𝑥) 1
= 𝜋
2 0 =
8
(c) (i) = 2= 1+𝐵
( )
𝐵=1
2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
= +
𝑥(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥 𝑥 +4 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4 1 𝑥 − 1
= +
𝑥(𝑥 + 4) 𝑥 𝑥 +4
2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 4) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)𝑥
1 𝑥 1
When 𝑥 = 0 = + −
𝑥 𝑥 +4 𝑥 +4
4 = 4𝐴

1=𝐴
(ii) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Coefficients of 𝑥
1 1 2𝑥 1 2
= 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
𝐶 = −1 𝑥 2 𝑥 +4 2 𝑥 + (2)

Coefficients of 𝑥 1 1 𝑥
= ln 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 + 4) − tan +𝑐
2 2 2
2=𝐴+𝐵

QUESTION 3

(a) (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(5 + 𝑥) 𝑓(2) = ln 7

1 1
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(2) =
5+𝑥 7
1 1
𝑓 (𝑥) = − 𝑓 (2) = −
(𝑥 + 5) 49

2 2
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓 (2) =
(𝑥 + 5) 343

𝑓 (𝑎) 𝑓 (𝑎) 𝑓 ( ) (𝑎)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) + 𝑓 (𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑥 − 𝑎) + ⋯ + (𝑥 − 𝑎) + ⋯
2! 3! 𝑛!
1 1 1
ln(𝑥 + 5) = ln 7 + (𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑥 − 2)
7 98 1029
(ii) 𝑓(7) − ln 7

1 1 1
ln(12) − ln(7) = (7 − 2) − (7 − 2) + (7 − 2) = 0.5807
7 98 1029

(b) (i) 𝑃 : ∑ 𝑟 = 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)

1
𝑃 :1 = (1) (1 + 1)
4
1=1

Therefore 𝑃 is true
 Assume 𝑃 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘

1
𝑃 : 𝑟 = 𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)
4

1
𝑃 : 𝑟 = (𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 2)
4

𝑃 = 𝑃 + (𝑘 + 1)term

𝑘
= (𝑘 + 1) + (𝑘 + 1)
4
𝑘 4(𝑘 + 1)
= (𝑘 + 1) +
4 4
(𝑘 + 1)
= [𝑘 + 4(𝑘 + 1)]
4
(𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 4)
=
4
(𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 2)
=
4
Therefore 𝑃 is true ∀ 𝑃 is true.

Hence by mathematical induction 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛 = 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1) for 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

(ii) ∑ 𝑖

1
= (2𝑛 + 1) (2𝑛 + 2)
4
1
= (2𝑛 + 1) [2(𝑛 + 1)]
4
1
= (2𝑛 + 1) (4(𝑛 + 1) )
4
= (2𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 1)

(iii) ∑ (2𝑖 − 1) = 1 + 3 + 5 + ⋯ + (2𝑛 + 1)

(2𝑖 − 1) = 𝑖 − (2𝑖)

(2𝑖 − 1) = 𝑖 −8 𝑖

1
= (2𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 1) − 8 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)
4
= (2𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 1) − 2𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)
 = (𝑛 + 1) [(2𝑛 + 1) − 2𝑛 ]

= (𝑛 + 1) (4𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 1 − 2𝑛 )

= (𝑛 + 1) (2𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 1)

QUESTION 4

(a) Arrange 8 boys = 8!

Arrange 2 girls in 7 available spaces (i.e. between the boys) = 7P

2

Number of arrangements with girls not together or at ends = 8! x 7P2 = 1 693 440

8 8 8 8 8
(b) (i) 1 + 𝑥 = + + + +
0 1 2 3 4
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= 1+8 + 28 + 56 + 70
8 64 512 4096

7 7 35
=1+𝑥+ 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥
16 64 2048
(ii) (1.0125)

1 7 7 35
1 + (0.1) = 1 + 0.1 + (0.1) + (0.1) + (0.1) = 1.104486
8 16 64 2048

(c) (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 − cos 𝑥 (ii) Mid – point of the interval [0, 1] is 0.5

𝑓(0) = √0 − cos(0) = −1 𝑓(0.5) = √0.5 − cos(0.5) = −0.5

𝑓(1) = √1 − cos(0) = 1 Root in interval [0.5, 1]

𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on the interval [0, 1] Mid – point of interval [0.5, 1] is 0.75

Root = 0.75
(d) (i) -2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 9 = 0 (ii) 𝑥 = 1

2𝑥 = 9 − 3x 9 −3(1)
𝑥 = = 1.4422
9− 3x 2
𝑥 =
2
𝑥 = 1.32698
9 −3x
𝑥=
2

9 - 3x
𝑥 =
2

QUESTION 5

(a) (i) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (ii) two events are independent if

0.7 = 0.6 + 0.2 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.1 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.1

𝑃(𝐴 only) = 0.6 − 0.1 = 0.5 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) = (0.6)(0.2) = 0.12

Therefore the two events are not

independent

(b) (i)

(ii) 𝑃(1 𝑅𝑒𝑑) × 𝑃(2 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) + 𝑃(1 𝐵𝑙𝑢𝑒) × 𝑃(2 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒)

3 1 2 1 1
= × + × =
6 5 6 5 6
 1 −1 1 30 −12 2 20 0 0
(c) (i) 1 −2 4 5 −8 3 = 0 20 0 = 20𝐼
1 3 9 −5 4 1 0 0 20
𝐴𝐵 = 20𝐼

1
𝐴 𝐵 =𝐼
20

1 30 −12 2
(ii) 𝐴 = 5 −8 3
20
−5 4 1
1 −1 1 𝑥 1
(iii) 1 −2 4 𝑦 = 5
1 3 9 𝑧 25
𝑥 1 30 −12 2 1
𝑦 = 5 −8 3 5
𝑧 20
−5 4 1 25
𝑥 1 20
𝑦 = 40
𝑧 20
40
𝑥 1
𝑦 = 2
𝑧 2

QUESTION 6

(a) (i) (1 + 𝑥 ) + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 (ii) when 𝑦 = 2, 𝑥 = 0

We have an exact differential equation 3(0)

2(1 + 0 ) = +𝑐
4
𝑑𝑦
(1 + 𝑥 ) + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2=𝑐
𝑑𝑥

3𝑥
𝑥 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +2
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐 4
4
3
3𝑥 2
𝑦= +
3𝑥 4(1 + 𝑥 ) 1+𝑥
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐
4
3(1) 2 11
𝑦(1) = + =
4(1 + 1 ) 1 + 1 8

(b) (i) 𝑢 = 𝑦

𝑢 =𝑦

𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 2 cos 3𝑥 − 4 sin 3𝑥
 𝑢 + 4𝑢 = 2 cos 3𝑥 − 4 sin 3𝑥

(ii) Auxiliary equation:

𝑚+4=0

𝑚 = −4

Complementary function: 𝑢 = 𝐴𝑒

Particular Integral

Let 𝑢 = 𝑚 sin 3𝑥 + 𝑛 cos 3𝑥

𝑢 = 3𝑚 cos 3𝑥 − 3𝑛 sin 3𝑥

3𝑚 cos 3𝑥 − 3𝑛 sin 3𝑥 + 4(𝑚 sin 3𝑥 + 𝑛 cos 3𝑥) = 2 cos 3𝑥 − 4 sin 3𝑥

(3𝑚 + 4𝑛) cos 3𝑥 + (4𝑚 − 3𝑛) sin 3𝑥 = 2 cos 3𝑥 − 4 sin 3𝑥

Equating coefficients of cos 3𝑥

3𝑚 + 4𝑛 = 2 (1)

Equating coefficients of sin 3𝑥

4𝑚 − 3𝑛 = −4 (2)

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously:

𝑚=−

𝑛=

Particular Integral: 𝑢 = − sin 3𝑥 + cos 3𝑥

General solution is 𝑢 = 𝐴𝑒 − sin 3𝑥 + cos 3𝑥

Since 𝑢 = 𝑦

𝑦 = − 𝐴𝑒 + cos 3𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + 𝑐
CAPE UNIT 2 (2018)
QUESTION 1
(a) (i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Determine and in order to use the result = ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

𝑡
𝑥=
1+𝑡
𝑑𝑥 1(1 + 𝑡) − 𝑡(1) 𝑡
= 2
=
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡) (1 + 𝑡)2

𝑡3
𝑦=
1+𝑡
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 (1 + 𝑡) − 𝑡 3 (1) 3𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 3 − 𝑡 3 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3
= = =
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡)2 (1 + 𝑡)2 (1 + 𝑡)2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3 (1 + 𝑡)2
= × = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑡)2 1

1 1
Determine the corresponding value of 𝑡 when 𝑥 = or (𝑦 = )
2 2

1 𝑡
=
2 1+𝑡
1 + 𝑡 = 2𝑡

1=𝑡

𝑑𝑦
∴ = 3(1)2 + 2(1)3 = 5
𝑑𝑥

(a) (ii)

Equation of tangent

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐

1 1
= 5( ) + 𝑐
2 2
−2 = 𝑐
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 2

Therefore 𝑦 intercept is −2.

At 𝑥 intercept 𝑦 = 0

0 = 5𝑥 − 2

2
=𝑥 → 𝑥 intercept
5

(b)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = sin(𝑘𝑥) sin(𝑎𝑘𝑦)

𝜕𝑓
= 𝑘 sin(𝑎𝑘𝑦) cos(𝑘𝑥)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕2𝑓
= 𝑎𝑘 2 cos(𝑘𝑥) cos(𝑎𝑘𝑦)
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦

(c)

When 𝑛 = 5

cos 5𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 5𝜃

= (cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃)5

= 1 cos 5 𝜃 + 5 cos 4 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃) + 10 cos 3 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)2 + 10cos 2 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)3 + 5cos 𝜃 (𝑖 sin 𝜃)4 + 1(𝑖 sin 𝜃)5

= cos 5 𝜃 + 5𝑖 cos 4 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 10 cos 3 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 − 10𝑖 cos 2 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 + 5 cos 𝜃 sin4 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin5 𝜃

Equating Imaginary Parts

sin 5𝜃 = 5 cos 4 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 10 cos 2 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 + sin5 𝜃

(d)

(i) 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑖

|𝑧| = √12 + (−1)2 = √2

1 𝜋
arg 𝑧 = − tan−1 ( ) = −
1 4
𝜋
𝑧 = √2𝑒 − 4 𝑖
𝜋 9
(ii) (1 − 𝑖)9 = (√2𝑒 − 4 𝑖 )

9 9𝜋
= (√2) 𝑒 − 4 𝑖
 The principal argument −𝜋 < 𝜃 < 𝜋

9𝜋 9𝜋 𝜋
− →− + 2𝜋 = −
4 4 4
𝜋
= 16√2𝑒 − 4 𝑖

= 16(1 − 𝑖)

QUESTION 2
(a) (i)

∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑡 = 𝑥 3

𝑑𝑡
= 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2
1
∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 5 cos 𝑡 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑡
3𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3

Using integration by parts

𝑢=𝑡 → 𝑑𝑢 = 1

𝑑𝑣 = cos 𝑡 → 𝑣 = sin 𝑡

1 1
∫ 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑡 sin 𝑡 − ∫ sin 𝑡]
3 3
1
= [𝑡 sin 𝑡 + cos 𝑡]
3
1
∴ ∫ 𝑥 5 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥 3 sin(𝑥 3 ) + cos(𝑥 3 )]
3

(a) (ii)

𝑒 2𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑒 4𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − (𝑒 2𝑥 )2

By recognition this corresponds to

 𝑢′
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = sin−1 𝑢 where 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 and 𝑢′ = 2𝑒 2𝑥
√1 − 𝑢2
𝑒 2𝑥 1 2𝑒 2𝑥
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑒 4𝑥 2 √1 − (𝑒 2𝑥 )2

1
= sin−1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2

(b) (i)

𝑥4 + 1 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸
2 2
= + 2 + 2
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 𝑥 +1 (𝑥 + 1)2

𝑥 4 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 1)2 + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑥 + (𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸)𝑥

= 𝐴𝑥 4 + 2𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 4 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 2 + 𝐸𝑥

= (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑥 4 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + (2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷)𝑥 2 + (𝐶 + 𝐸)𝑥 + 𝐴

Equating constants

1=𝐴

Equating coefficients of 𝑥 4

1=𝐴+𝐵

0=𝐵

Equating coefficients of 𝑥 3

0=𝐶

Equating coefficients of 𝑥 2

0 = 2𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷

−2 = 𝐷

Equating coefficients of 𝑥

0= 𝐶+𝐸

0=𝐸

𝑥4 + 1 1 2𝑥
= −
𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 1)2

(b) (ii)

𝑥4 + 1 1 2𝑥
∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2

1
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
 (𝑥 2 + 1)−1
= ln 𝑥 − +𝑐
−1
1
= ln 𝑥 + +𝑐
𝑥2 +1

QUESTION 3
(a) (i)

𝑎2 = √2 + √2

𝑎3 = √2 + √2 + √2

(a) (ii)

𝑃𝑛 : 𝑎𝑛 < 𝑎𝑛+1 and 𝑎𝑛 ≤ 3

PART 1 – Proving that 𝑎𝑛 ≤ 3

𝑃1 : 𝑎1 = √2 < 3

Therefore 𝑃1 is true.

Assume 𝑃𝑛 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘

𝑃𝑘 : 𝑎𝑘 ≤ 3

𝑃𝑘+1 : 𝑎𝑘+1 ≤ 3

Now

𝑎𝑘+1 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘

Assuming 𝑎𝑘 = 3 then 𝑎𝑘+1 = √2 + 3 = √5

Since √5 < 3 and 𝑎𝑘 ≤ 3, 𝑎𝑘+1 ≤ 3

Therefore 𝑃𝑘+1 is true ∀ 𝑃𝑘 is true.

PART 2 – Proving that 𝑎𝑛 < 𝑎𝑛+1

𝑎1 = √2

𝑎2 = √2 + √2

𝑎1 < 𝑎2

Therefore, 𝑃1 is true.
Assume 𝑃𝑛 is true for 𝑛 = 𝑘

𝑃𝑘 : 𝑎𝑘 < 𝑎𝑘+1

𝑃𝑘+1 : 𝑎𝑘+1 < 𝑎𝑘+2

Now

𝑎𝑘+1 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘

𝑎𝑘+2 = √2 + 𝑎𝑘+1

Since 𝑎𝑘 < 𝑎𝑘+1 , 𝑎𝑘+2 < 𝑎𝑘+1

Therefore 𝑃𝑘+1 is true whenever 𝑃𝑘 is true

Hence by Mathematical Induction 𝑎𝑛 < 𝑎𝑛+1 and 𝑎𝑛 ≤ 3 for all 𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

(b) (i)
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓(0) = 𝑒 −0 = 1
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′ (0) = 0
2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + (−2𝑥)(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) = −2𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′′ (0) = −2
2 2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 8𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) = 12𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 8𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑓 ′′′ (0) = 0
2 2 2 2
𝑓 ′′′′ (𝑥) = 12𝑒 −𝑥 + 12𝑥(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) − 24𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 − 8𝑥 3 (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) → 𝑓 ′′′′ (0) = 12

2 2 12 4 1
𝑓(𝑥) ≈ 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 ≈ 1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥4
2! 4! 2

∞
(−1)𝑘 𝑥 2𝑘 (−1)0 𝑥 0 (−1)1 𝑥 2 (−1)2 𝑥 4
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ = + + +⋯
𝑘! 0! 1! 2!
𝑘=0

1
= 1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥4
2
(b) (ii)

(−1)𝑘 𝑥 2𝑘 (−1)𝑘+1 (𝑥 2𝑘+2 )

Let 𝑢𝑘 = , then 𝑢𝑘+1 = (𝑘+1)!
𝑘!

Series is valid
𝑢𝑘+1
lim | |<1
𝑘→∞ 𝑢𝑘
𝑢𝑘+1 (−1)𝑘+1 (𝑥 2𝑘+2 ) 𝑘! (−1)𝑥 2
= × =
𝑢𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)! (−1)𝑘 𝑥 2𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)

𝑥2
lim |− |<1
𝑘→∞ 𝑘+1

0<1

Since this is true for all values of 𝑥, the series is valid for all values of 𝑥.

(c)
1
When 𝑛 = 1: sin(1) − sin ( )
2

1 1
When 𝑛 = 2: sin ( ) − sin ( )
2 3

1 1
When 𝑛 = 3: sin ( ) − sin ( )
3 4

1 1
When 𝑛 = 𝑛 − 1: sin ( ) − sin ( )
𝑛−1 𝑛

1 1
When 𝑛 = 𝑛: sin ( ) − sin ( )
𝑛 𝑛+1

1 1 1
∑ (sin ( ) − sin ( )) = sin(1) − sin ( )
𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+1

1
lim (sin(1) − sin ( )) = sin(1) − sin(0) = sin 1
𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1

QUESTION 4
(a)

3 8
Coefficient of 𝑥 7 of (𝑥 2 − )
𝑥

8 3 3
= ( ) (𝑥 2 )5 (− )
3 𝑥
27
= 56𝑥 10 (− )
𝑥3
= −1512𝑥 7

Coefficient is −1512
(b)
𝑛
𝐶𝑟 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1

𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! (𝑛 − (𝑟 − 1))! (𝑟 − 1)!

𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)! (𝑟 − 1)!

𝑛! 𝑛!
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! (𝑟 − 1)!

𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) 𝑛! 𝑟
= +
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)!

𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) + 𝑛! 𝑟
=
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟(𝑟 − 1)!

𝑛! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1 + 𝑟)
=
(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)! 𝑟!

(𝑛 + 1)!
=
(𝑛 + 1 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛+1
= 𝐶𝑟

(c)(i)

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 cos 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 + 2

𝑓(1) = 3.16121

𝑓(1.5) = −1.09205

𝑓(𝑥) is continuous on the interval [1, 1.5].

𝑓(1) × 𝑓(1.5) < 0

By the Intermediate Value Theorem there must be some 𝑐 ∈ [1, 1.5] such that 𝑓(𝑐) = 0. Therefore, there is a
root between 1 and 1.5.

(c) (ii)

1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼−1 3.16121
4.74182 − 3.16121𝛼 = 1.09205𝛼 − 1.09205

5.83387 = 4.25326𝛼

1.3716 = 𝛼
𝑓(1.3716) = 4 cos(1.3716) − (1.3716)3 + 2 = 0.21115

Root is now between 1.3716 and 1.5

1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼 − 1.3716 0.21115
0.21115(1.5 − 𝛼) = 1.09205(𝛼 − 1.3716)

0.316725 − 0.21115𝛼 = 1.09205𝛼 − 1.49786

1.814585 = 1.3032𝛼

1.3924 = 𝛼

𝑓(1.3924) = 4 cos(1.3924) − (1.3924)3 + 2 = 0.0103

Root is now between 1.3924 and 1.5

1.5 − 𝛼 1.09205
=
𝛼 − 1.3924 0.0103
0.0103(1.5 − 𝛼) = 1.09205(𝛼 − 1.3924)

0.01545 − 0.0103𝛼 = 1.09205𝛼 − 1.5206

1.53605 = 1.1024𝛼

1.3934 = 𝛼

Since the last two approximations, correct to 2 decimal places, are both 1.39. The root is approximately 1.39.

(d) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑒 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑥 − 1

2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑒 𝑥 +
𝑥
𝑥1 = 0.2

3𝑒 0.2 + 2 ln(0.2) − 1
𝑥2 = 0.2 − = 0.2406
2
3𝑒 0.2 +
0.2

QUESTION 5
(a) (i) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

0.68 = 0.4 + 0.45 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.85 − 0.68 = 0.17

If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

 (ii) 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4 × 0.45 = 0.18

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.17

Therefore 𝐴 and 𝐵 are NOT independent.

(b) CASE 1: Mr Smith is on the committee, his wife is on the committee and 2 persons from the remaining 6
6
𝐶2 = 15

CASE 2: Mrs Smith is on the committee but not Mr Smith and 3 persons from the remaining 6
6
𝐶3 = 20

CASE 3: Neither Mr nor Mrs Smith is on the committee and 4 persons chosen from the remaining 6
6
𝐶4 = 15

Number of committees is 15 + 20 + 15 = 50

(c) The number has to begin with 5, 6 or 7 and end with 3, 5 or 7

CASE 1: The number begins with 5 or 7

2 options for the first digit

4 options for the second digit

3 options for the third digit

2 options for the fourth digit

1 option for the fifth digit

2 options for the last digit!

2 × 4! × 2 = 96

CASE 2: The number begins with 6

1 option for the first digit

4 options for the second digit

3 options for the third digit

2 options for the fourth digit

1 option for the fifth digit

3 options for the last digit!

4! × 3 = 72

Total number of numbers is 96 + 72 = 168

 5 −2 3 18 12 −1 88 0 0
(d) (i) 𝐴𝐵 = (0 3 −4) (−8 24 20 ) = ( 0 88 0)
2 0 6 −6 −4 15 0 0 88
𝐴𝐵 = 88𝐼

1
𝐴[ 𝐵] = 𝐼
88
1
𝐴−1 = 𝐵
88

(d) (ii)

5 −2 3 𝑥 7
(0 3 −4) (𝑦) = ( 11 )
2 0 6 𝑧 −6
𝑥 1 18 12 −1 7
(𝑦 ) = (−8 24 20 ) ( 11 )
𝑧 88
−6 −4 15 −6
𝑥 1 264
(𝑦 ) = ( 88 )
𝑧 88
−176
𝑥 3
(𝑦 ) = ( 1 )
𝑧 −2

QUESTION 6
(a)

(i) 𝑦 ′ cos 𝑥 = 𝑦 sin 𝑥 + sin 2𝑥

𝑦 ′ cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥

This is an EXACT differential equation

∫ 𝑦 ′ cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2
2cos 2 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − +𝐶
2
1
𝑦 cos 𝑥 = − cos 2 𝑥 + 𝐶
2
1 𝐶
𝑦= − cos 𝑥 +
2 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
 1
𝑦= sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 sec 𝑥
2

(ii) 𝑦(0) = 0

1
0= sec(0) − cos(0) + 𝐶 sec(0)
2
1
0= (1) − 1 + 𝐶
2
1
𝐶=
2
1 1
𝑦= sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + sec 𝑥
2 2
𝑦 = sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥

(b) (i) 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥

Auxiliary equation

𝑢2 + 2𝑢 + 1 = 0

(𝑢 + 1)2 = 0

𝑢 = −1, −1

𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷)

(ii) Let 𝑦 = (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 − (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥

𝑦 ′′ = (6𝐴𝑥 + 2𝐵)𝑒 −𝑥 − (3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 − (3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 + (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥

Substituting these expressions into 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥

(6𝐴𝑥 + 2𝐵)𝑒 −𝑥 − (3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 − (3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 + (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥

+2((3𝐴𝑥 2 + 2𝐵𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 − (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥 ) + (𝐴𝑥 3 + 𝐵𝑥 2 )𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥

Equating 𝑒 −𝑥 terms

2𝐵𝑒 −𝑥 = 0𝑒 −𝑥

→𝐵=0

Equating 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 terms

(6𝐴 − 2𝐵 − 2𝐵 + 4𝐵)𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
→ 6𝐴 = 1

1
𝐴=
6
Particular Integral

1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷) + 𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥
6
CAPE 2019

1. (a) Let 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0.

(i) Use implicit differentiation to show that
𝑑𝑦 8𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 + 7
=−
𝑑𝑥 3(1 + 2𝑥𝑦)
[5]
(ii) Show that for 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 7𝑥 + 3𝑦,
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕 2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
6 − 10 = ( ) ( ) +
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2
[5]
(b) Use de Moivre’s theorem to prove that sin 5𝑥 = 16 sin5 𝑥 − 20 sin3 𝑥 + 5 sin 𝑥. [6]
 7
(c) (i) Write the complex number 𝑧 = (−1 + √3𝑖) in the form 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 , where 𝑟|𝑧| and 𝜃 = arg 𝑧. [3]
7
(ii) Hence, prove that (−1 + √3 𝑖) = 64(−1 + √3 𝑖). [6]
2. (a) Let 𝐹𝑛 (𝑥) = ∫(ln 𝑥)𝑛 𝑑𝑥
(i) Show that 𝐹𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑥(ln 𝑥)𝑛 − 𝑛𝐹𝑛−1 (𝑥). [3]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that 𝐹3 (2) − 𝐹3 (1) = 2(ln 2)3 − 6(ln 2)2 + 12 ln 2 − 6. [7]
 𝑦2 +2𝑦+1
(b) (i) By expressing 𝑦4+2𝑦2+1 as partial fractions, show that

𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 1 2𝑦
= 2 + 2
𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 1 𝑦 + 1 (𝑦 + 1)2
4 2

[7]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 4 + 2𝑦 2 + 1
[8]
3. (a) Determine the coefficient of the term in 𝑥 3 in the binomial expansion of (3𝑥 + 2)5 . [3]
 1 1
3
(b) (i) Show that the binomial expansion of (1 + 𝑥)4 + (1 − 𝑥)4 up to the term in 𝑥 2 is 2 − 𝑥2 . [4]
16
1 4 4
(ii) Hence, by letting 𝑥 = , compute an approximation of √17 + √15, correct to 4 decimal
16

places. [3]
(c) The function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 1 is defined on the interval [0, 1].
(i) Show that ℎ(𝑥) = 0 has a root on the interval [0, 1]. [3]
1
(ii) Use the iteration 𝑥𝑛+1 = 2 +1 with initial estimate 𝑥1 = 0.7 to estimate the root of ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑥𝑛

0, correct to 2 decimal places. [6]

(d) Use the Newton – Raphson method with initial estimate 𝑥1 = 5.5 to approximate the root of
𝑔(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥 in the interval [5, 6], correct to 2 decimal places. [6]
 𝑥
4. (a) A function is defined as 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 sin ( ).
2

(i) Obtain the Maclaurin series expansion for 𝑔 up to the term in 𝑥 4 . [8]
(ii) Hence, estimate 𝑔(2). [2]
 3 4 5
(b) A series is given as 2 + + + +⋯
4 9 16

(i) Express the 𝑛th partial sum 𝑆𝑛 of the series using sigma notation. [2]
(ii) Hence, calculate 𝑆20 − 𝑆18, [1]
1
(iii) Given that ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛 2 converges, show that 𝑆𝑛 diverges. [4]
(c) Use the method of induction to prove that
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛2 − 1)
∑ 𝑟(𝑟 − 1) =
3
𝑟=1

[8]
5. (a) (i) How many numbers made up of 5 digits can be made from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, if
each number contains exactly one even digit and no digit is repeated? [4]
(ii) Determine the probability that the number formed in (a) (i) is less than 30 000. [4]
(b) and are two matrices given below.
2 −1 1 2 5
= 3 0 2 and = 2 3 4
2 1 0 2 1 2
(i) Determine the value of for which does NOT exist. [4]
(ii) Given that det(𝐴𝐵) = −10, show that 𝑥 = 2. [4]

(iii) Hence, obtain 𝐴−1 . [4]

(c) In an experiment, individuals were asked to select from two available colours, green and blue.
The individuals selected one colour, two colours or no colour.
70% of the individuals selected at least one colour and 600 individuals selected no colour.
(i) Given that 40% of the individuals selected green and 50% selected blue, calculate the
probability that an individual selected BOTH colours. [3]
(ii) Determine the total number of individuals who participated in the experiment. [2]
6. (a) A differential equation is given as
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑐 2
(i) Show that the general solution of the differential equation is 𝑦 = − cos 𝑥, where 𝑐 is a
𝑥 𝑥

constant. [5]
(ii) Hence, determine the particular solution of the differential equation that satisfies the
condition 𝑦 = 2 when 𝑥 = 𝜋. [3]
 𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦−𝑦 4
(b) Show that the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 −4
is 𝑦 = 𝑘 √(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)3

where 𝑘 is a constant. [7]

(c) Solve the boundary – value problem 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0, given that when 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = 1 and when
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0. [10]