•

•
•
 𝑝𝑋 = −log(𝑋)

𝐻+
𝑂𝐻−

𝑝𝐾𝑎 = −log(𝐾𝑎) 𝑝𝐾𝑏 = −log(𝐾𝑏)

𝑝𝐻 = −log[𝐻 + ] 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = −log[𝑂𝐻 − ]
•

• 1 ∗ 10−14 °

•
 1.8 ∗ 10−5

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑎𝑐 ↔ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂−𝑎𝑐 + 𝐻 +𝑎𝑐

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂− 𝐻 + 𝑥∗𝑥

1.8 ∗ 10−5 = =
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0.01 − 𝑥

𝑥 = 4.1546 ∗ 10−4

𝑝𝐻 = − log 4.1546 ∗ 10−4 = 3.38

𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝐻 + + 𝐶𝑙−

𝐻 + = 0.005𝑀

𝑝𝐻 = −log(0.005)
𝑝𝐻 = 2.3
𝐻𝐴 + 𝐻2 𝑂 ↔ 𝐻3 𝑂+ + 𝐴−

𝐻3 𝑂+ [𝐴− ]
𝐾𝑎 =
[𝐻𝐴]
 [𝐻𝐴]
𝐻3 𝑂+ = 𝐾𝑎 ∗ −
[𝐴 ]

𝐻𝐴
− log 𝐻3 𝑂+ = − log 𝐾𝑎 ∗ −
𝐴
𝐴−
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎 + log
𝐻𝐴
𝑁𝐻3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 ↔ 𝑁𝐻4+ + 𝑂𝐻 −

𝐻𝐵+
𝑝𝑂𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + log
𝐵

𝑂𝐻 − = 10−2.87

𝑁𝐻4+ = 10−2.87
 𝑁𝐻4+
𝑝𝑂𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + log
𝑁𝐻3

10−2.87
2.87 = 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + log
0.1

10−2.87
𝑝𝐾𝑏 = 2.87 − log = 4.74
0.1
́ ́ ́ ́