THE PIPE FITTERS BLUE BOOK ‘REVISED # By W. v. GRAVES Formerly Pipe Fitter Instructor LEE COLLEGE BAYTOWN, TEXAS >) W. V. GRAVES we ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRICE:.$6. PLUS POSTAGE TEXAS RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX F ond FROM: W. V. GRASES PUBLISHE! P.O. 57924 WEBSTER, [RAS 77598 4 é LE ws wv. craves Mrbetiguenyy Residence—1423 Seagal Houston, Texas 77062 {TELEPHONE (713) 480-2465 Publisher of The Pipe Fabricators Blue Book All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form. 1 i The author has included in this book the information and charts most often needed on piping jobs. The explanations and methods’ used have been made as simple as possible so that you should have litte difficulty inunderstanding them. Many of the cuts ‘for fabrication in this book are based on the inside diameter of the riser or branch to be fitted onto the outside diameter of the header and should be cut radially with the torch cutting tip pointed toward the cen- ter of the pipeatall times. After cutting, the risers may then be placed in position onthe header for marking the header cut line. Miter cuts should be cut with the cutting tip pointed into the line as though you were using a saw cut. Pipe may be marked off in quarters, eighths, or sixteenths by using the table in this book, or by folding a piece of Paper that has been fitted around the circumference of the pipe so that the ends of this paper just meet. The wraparound should be carefully fitted onto the pipe and kept square so that you will have a true reference line. Note that the fabrication charts are calculated for the use of standard weight and extra strong wall thickness pipe and are accurate for these wall thicknesses only. 2TABLE OF CONTENTS i | | | Instructions Common piping angles and their solutions . . . Known and unknown angles and angle chart Solving rolling offsets . Mitered pipe cuts . . Multipiece mitered turns True “Y” layout . 90° saddle on (tees) standard weight pipe. Pipe circumference divided into equal parts . . 90° saddle on (tees) extra strong pipe .. . . 90° eccentric pipe intersections . . 45° laterals ; Concentric and eccentric supports on 90° long radius elbows, 3 types Angles between bolt holes of flanges Pipe template layout .... . Orange peel head layout... Concentric reducer layout Eccentric reducer layout ...... Laying out bolt holes in flanges . . Laying out ordinate lines and lengths Tank coil layout... .. . Angle iron miter cuts and brackets Special offsets and solutions Slip or spectacle blind data . Centers of eccentric reducers and eccentric, flanges bees Centers of 15°, 22%°, 30° & 60° butt weld elbows cut from 90° long radius elbows . . . 53-58 «+ 59-60 . 61-64 71-72 4151 65-69 70 73-74 75-76 77-82 . 83-84 - 85-86 a Pipe thread data wee oe Dimensions of weldolets on pipe « . Dimensions of socket weld & screwed 90 Dimensions of flanged cast steel valves 1 Dimensions of flanged cast ste! fittings 2+. 92 Commercial pipe sizes & wall thicknesses 93.94 General dimensions of welding fittings . . . . 95-100 General dimensions of forged steel flanges . . 101-108 Boit, gasket, & ring joint number charts ........ 109-115 Wrench sizes, Drill sizes for pipe taps, & Tap drill size charts ....... vee 116 Bolt charts for, orifice type flanges . . = 117-118 Outside & inside diameters of pipe & flange bores... -.....-. ‘ 119 Comparison chart for packing & gasket materials... . 120 Hand signals for boom operated equipment . - 121-122 Hand signals for overhead & gantry cranes . . .123 Useful information, Pipe expansion, Pipe bends The circle, inches & feet converted to millimeters ....... 124 Conversion Constants 5 125 Decimal equivalents, fractions & millimeters . 126 Safe loads for wire and manila ropecharts ........00--5 p oppananesnnniky Decimals of afoot .....+--. cove ee 128 Minutes converted to decimals of a degree and Triggnometric formulas... 22... eee vee 129 Trigonometry tables . » 130-174 Pipe & water weight per line foot, & feet head of water to PSI 175 4N PIPING ANGLES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS t | NOTE THAT ALL NINE OF THE FOLLOWING DRAWINGS | SHOW A RIGHT TRIANGLE. The pipe fitter usually calls the } Tengths ofjtheir sides (SET), (RUN) ond (TRAVEL). | “Thesel'terms may be used to find the angles as well as the lengths of the sides, by referring to pages 9 ond 10 of this book. /f DRAWING #1 Shows o 30° offset, The level run of pipe intersects the (TRAVEL) at a 30° angle. If the length of the (SET) is known, the lengths of the (RUN) and (TRAVEL) may | be found by referring to page 10 under (ANGLE KNOWN) in the 30° column. These formulas may be used for any angle not shown in this table by use of the trigonometry tables in the back of this book. DRAWING #2 Shows the same triangle as before however the pipe now is vertical and intersects the 60°angle. To find the Iengths of the (RUN) and (TRAVEL) refer to page 10 under (ANGLE KNOWN) in the 60° column. Note thot when the (SET) side is longer than the (RUN) side the angle will always be more than a 45° angle, DRAWING #3 Shows a vessel with a nozzle that is 30° over from a reference line. If the dimension from the face of nozzle to the centerline of the vessel is known you would add the laying length of a 30° weldell plus a welding neck flange. See drawing #8 for method of calculating the laying length of 2 30° weldell, These dimensions addsd together gives you the length of the (TRAVEL) side. To find the (SET) end (RUN) sides refer to page 10 under (ANGLE KNOWN). DRAWING #4 Shown are two 60° offsets that are staggered 50 that equal spacing will be maintained ot all centerlines of of the pipe. Note that there are two 30° triangles shown. FOR- MULA FOR STAGGERING OFFSETS = CENTER TO CENTER DISTANCE OF PIPE x TANGENT OF % THE DEGREES OF TURN OF OFFSET. The figure for 60° is .577; for 45° is .414; for 30° is .268, 5 { bokluon PIPING ANGLES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS STAGGERED OFFSETS 22%° = Known x.199 30° = Known x..268 45° = Known x.414 60° = Knownx.577DEGREES OF CUT ARE EQUAL 70 Yh DEGREES OF TURN DESIRED WRAPAROUND UNE (MITER CUT LINE ° MER CUTS FOR 4" THROUGH 10" WITH PIPE MARKED IN EIGHTHS UNE No. 2 DIMENSION EQUALS TANGENT OF CUT X 0.0. OF PIPE DIVIDED BY 2 LINE No.1 DIMENSION EQUALS DIMENSION No. 2 X.7071 ~ GH 10" MITER CUTS PIPE IN EIGHTHS Tie CUT FOR 15° TURN 2h CUT. size | NOT | NO. 2 NOn2 4 he % Ti " 6 Ke "he 1 +| T% 8 % | he 1% 1 10 _ The Pee Th —__¥ CUT FOR 18° TURN UT FOR 60° TURN SIZE No. 1 E No.7 NoMa 4 % ua | — His Whe T% 3 tt | T 2% | 70 % Pe 3Me 1 CUT FOR 224° TURN 45° CUT FOR 90° TURN SIZE NO. 1 NO. 2 | SIZE NO. 1 NO. 2 fo 4 “he 7 "he 4 3 The 2% § he Se 6 2% Bis 8 5A % 8 Be Fhe to % Ve 10 3% 3% 15° CUT FOR 30° TURN SIZE NO. 1 NO. 2 40} % A 6 % y 8 he 1% 70 7 The12" THROUGH 24" MITER CUTS MARK PIPE IN SIXTEENTHS \ 74° CUT FOR 15° TURN i Zz 3" [Fan Ter Ta To" | 12" | no He ' 4% 16% | 10%, (15%, | 20%] 25%, [0 21 24% | 27% | 30%. | 34%e T | 4% ti o% Tiny. [iste [20% [26% [I 24%, | 27% 30% 33%@ | 36 %e 2 4% 6% | 11%e (16%, [21% | 26% 2 » [2% [32 34% [37% | 40% 3 gn [She | 7% [lat Vir [22% 127%, [3 ler 367, | 37% | 39% | ary, | 44% 4 Pipe | Sede] 8% [13% 7 Tish [2s%4 [28% 4 Pipe Cary, | 40%, | 424 | 45%5 | 48 5 Soil 9 [raed 9%, [24% [30% [5 474, 43. 45%, A7*%4g | 50% 6 [7% || 944, | 15 20%, | 25%, | 31% 6 3 43% | 46% | 48% | 51°, 7 7% 0%, [15% “21% [27 32% 7 43% | 44% | 464, | 49% | 52 8 7, Wo, [16%e [2142 [27% [33% | 8 lease 23%, 26%, | 29% 32%, 0 t W5%_ [9% T1a%e | 184% | 23% 0 { 244, 27 he | 30% 33% 1 I s% 9%4_ [14%, [19% [24% T i 2 %e | 30% [33% [36% | 2 6% T10%_ 115%, [19% faye 2 | 33% 35% | 38% | 41% 3 T 7 1%_ 116%, | 20%, (25%, | 3 pee ave, | 4% | 43%e [46% 4 pees 2A28 Te Sor ae 4 ‘ee ae te a4 a 5 8% | 13% | 18% [23%%4_ | 29% 5 y Y A i We | 14% [19% he | 30% 6 i 28", APhe | 51% | 53% 7 10 15% 20%e | 3 324 7 i age, | 49% [51% | 54% 8 Ho 151 r rr ¥ 2 h % L154. F21% 27%. 132% | 8 25°%— | 28% | 31% 0 T 7 i 26 29%_ | 33% 1 Bre | 13. 17% [22% 0 Soe a baa | ame 13% iy, [1 37%, | 39%, | 4a 3 { i Shs. aig | 186 | 23% 2 20" 468 46%, | 48% 4 an OM 4s | 15% | 20 24%_ | 3 Pipe 52% | 5%, | 52% 3 Pipe t- 12%_ [16% [21% [26%_ | 4 53%, | 53% | 55) 6 13% __|18%_ [23% [28% [5 Se sai, 67 4% 194i, [25 30% |e 54%, | 55%, STS 8 15% | 20% 46 | 26%_ [311% | 7 - 15% [21% [26% [32% 8 28% | 31% o A 29% 32% 1 1%, [15% 119% 0 ' 335%, 3644 2 1% 15% 20 1 41%. 143% 13 1 116% [21% | 2 22" 52 SV he 4 14 lag | 18% 123%, [3 Pipe 57%, | 56%, | 5 16% {20% | 25%, | 4 lt 59% | 5P%ho 6 138% | 22%, [a7 3 i 60% | 60%. | 7 19f, [24% [29% 6 60% | 60% | 8 20% | 26%, [31% | 7 2 [26% 132%, | 8 45 1 46ECCENTRIC SUPPORT ON BACK OF 90° L. R. ELBOW (TYPE *2) STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE LINES WITH OUTSIDE RADIUS OF ELBOW SIZE OF ELBOW yo" [12" 16" | 18" 29" TNO. 13% | 7% | i ECCENTRIC SUPPORT ON BACK OF 90° L. R. ELBOW (TYPE *2) STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE LINES WITH OUTSIDE RADIUS OF ELBOW SIZE OF ELBOW 47 26% [31 | 35% 0 20" Zz: Vays | 18%e [22% [27%_ | 31% 136%, TD | u 28% _ | 32% 36% Hse 1, | 24 28%%_ 133% | 37% 2 | 29% | 33% 37% 17% | 22%« [26% [31%— [35% 140%, | 3 | 32%, 36% 40% 20% | 24%4< | 29%, | 34%, 139 [43% | 4 i 36%e TAT 45% 23%, [27% [32% [37%_ [42% [47% 3 42%, 46% 508; [24% [29% “[35%, [40% [45% [50'%4. 6 | 47% 51% 56%, 314, [37 fay Saag, 1534 7 5%, | 56 60%, 26% (32%, [37% 143% Lavy, [See | 8 53% 5a Té ig | 20% [24% | 28%. [33% 0 54% | 60% vse [20% f25%_ [29% [33% [1 26% 4 | 308% 18%, [2% 127%. [31% [35% | 2 28 30%, 21% [25% [30%— [34% [39 3 31% 35% 25 129%, 133% e 138%, 142%, | a 368%, | 40% 28%, | 32%, [37%_ [41% | 46% 3 43% 47 30% 135% | 40% [as% | s0%. | 6 a, [52% 31% [36% | 42%_ | 4784, [ 53%, 7 52% 36% 3 137% [43%6 148% [54% | 8 53%, | 59% 19% [22% | 26% bark, | 0 54%, | 60% 19%_ 1 23% | 27% 131% 1 29% 2r%< [25% [30 [34% 2 30% 25%, [29% [33% a7, [3 3445 30% [33"%q | 37%, | 4m, 4 40% 33%e 1 37%e | 42, | 46% s 48% 35%, | 40%6 [45% 6 [50%q | 6 34%, 37%, 147%, [47% 153%, | 7 37, 37he [43% 148%, [54%6 [8 59% yall 29°%_ | 0 60% 2246 30% | 1 25% 334 2 2974, 3746 | 3 34% 424g | 4 38% aol 5 an, 50% é 42%%e 534 | 7 8ECCENTRIC SUPPORT ON BACK OF 90° L.R- ELBOW {TYPE #3) STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE ECCENTRIC SUPPORT ON BAC! ° 8.0.P. LINES WITH INSIDE RADIUS OF ELBOW HACK OF 90° LR. ELBOW (TYPE 33) STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE 1 RW B.O.P. LINES WITH INSIDE RADIUS OF ELBOW oe] |e TN Ke _—_SIZE OF ELBOW Saye eel oO a : ae Ta" [Tee] tee] 20" | Nar 7% 9% | 12% |e | a elise] ee las" psa oS Ti | oe Li2% [a | 2 t 15% [18% | 20% 25% [25% | 1] Fa Ty, [a [9% |? 8 bs 16% [9% [armdzau [26% [7 8 10% | 12% [1% 4 a wie, 20% | 23% (25% 128 z BH | Whe | Ve | 15% 3s Hie 19 %e[ 22% | 24 Hal 2%. [29% | 4 3% to% [Be [3% |S pire [9% [30% [2sH | 78% lees [0% | of px Pe He ee fee ree Se te Le [ome |e fete 4 [24% [27 He [aI [STA TT | Tier | 9%" | eho] 14 her | O i fe [avid 25 [eK [2a %e fave Te i i The | Me | 12% [1A Me | , | 14% [17 Kel 20%" [23 Ker [25 Ger] 0 ; a t Tie [10% | 12% [15% | 2 | 15%] By | 21 ]23% }26 7 i 8% [10%e | 12 e 3 to i7 [20% | 22%[24% (27% | 2 ! Be pie | 12 @ | 19% [22% [24% [26% 129 [3 | Pipe Tie Pie [11 | 13% [16% TS (ae Tae 2% Tae, pom Ya t 7% [9% [ie [4 | 18% 6 i" PE oops 3 | Te Tomi | he [Se 7 = a ' Fi Phe [Te | 4 [16% [8 leat jesse 2 51 Fi i Ther | P| ae] a" |S | 25% | 28% | 29% [31% H 7% [9 he | 12 te [1% 1 Te 20 2S ke w t aa 7%, [10% [12% [1% | 2 \ peri Tae frais Sie TT ' sy se (8% LS 14 12" 20% [23% 125% 7% | 2] Se ae eee 1 4 Toone tae tae HB Tom | lem | 1a %he | 18% 5 | 26% | 29% 130% 7 pire { WH 112% | el % |S i PIPE Coe 312k Deke s 10% | 12% | 7 i [32 132% [33% [35% 1 6 oe tree SL soufaee see t a wep | { 37K ade se [ey Le 1 16% 3 T io I | 20% (23%. 25%e TO 7 oo Ti Sie | 2 " | 21% [23% 126% 1] v 12 %he Toe | 3 1) var (23% [25% (ex. [2 } t Dee iss [re 4 ‘ [aru ae fat %. 3 4 i‘ [a% [16% [re 5 i T3i%. (32%. j34 | 4 | LAS) liste [7% | 6 » [pe | { [3s %[se% 136% | 5 Ts% Lie [19% [7 | | [35% [36% [37% 1 6 [ Tse 7% [9% Te] I [35% [36% (38%, [7 | i [as% Te [3846 fe i WA ao \eo Lo. . 2 3 2 4 3 8 3 Ei 2 2 3 8 3 3 . ™ o " 23 | ‘ ale ef TTT slelslale[elel g 2 | j ) fel lays =| raz E ? a2 | 2s | ons | \ | clelelal | [223 | ) slajajelsielelelals gislelely| [S23 alee Tslelsls|3 cals] (ee2 | ? ? : : | 1223 Rese | S20 a elelylelalals ely! o| moe g clolalelelolalulslalstslalzlelelsielalals 2|s| la) 885 | ey} 3) 3) B)2}8)8)8] 8) 8) 3] 5 sai lala| Re 3 Blelelelekelsoee=let lS) RSET P Ft} yalbae Sls|s |" l2 ple : | Eber Jet al alale alelalalelelel Sze 4 5 s\s)a)3 alalsialsls! slelalalalale $2, ‘| 5 3/5) 8)5) 8) elses a ERE ae = = sll : ee =o 2 z ) ajalul-lofe|sfe}e}afe}y|—]e]# ANGLES BETWEEN BOLT HOLES OF FLANGES BOLT HOLES STRADDLE C/L BOLT HOLES ON C/L 4 HOLES 90° 4 HOLES 45° 8 HOLES 45° 8 HOLES 22/° 32 HOLES 30° 12 HOLES 15° = 45° 16 HOLES 224° ~ 45° 16 HOLES 11%° ~ 33%° 20 HOLES 18° — 36° 20 HOLES 9° - 27° ~ 45° 24 HOLES 15° — 30° — 45° 24 HOLES 74° ~ 224° ~ 374°y es PIPE TEMPLATE LAYOUT USING ORDINATE LENGTHS FROM TABLES. IN THIS BOOK. 1, Use a piece of drawing paper or heavier material that is wider than the pipe circum- ference. The length should be the dimension of the longest ordinate plus an allowance of 2° or more for dimension ‘'A" shown in drawings. The length of templates for supports on elbows are an exception and should be the length of the end to center of 2L.R. el- bows as shown. 2. Fit this paper around the pipe and cut it so that the ends of the paper just meet. Be sure that it is kep* square with the pipe. 3. Draw the wraparound or reference line and draw the ordinate lines in eighths or six- teenths. Layout the ordinate lengths from tables in this book. Draw the template curve a: shown being sure to contact at feast 3 or more points or ordinate lines at all times. A french curve or irregular curve is helpful in drawing so that there will be a smooth curve for better accuracy. The use of sixteen ordinate lines is more accurate than eighths.REFERENCE LINE; _—— GUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE OF BRANCH —_—_——-_-| DIMENSION ‘“‘A” TO BE 2" OR MORE KEEP CUTTING TIP POINTED TO CENTER OF PIPE AT ALL TIMES WHEN CUTTING. oe OUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE OF BRANCH ——_-| DIMENSION “A” TO BE 2 OR MORE KEEP CUTTING TIP POINTED TO CENTER OF PIPE AT ALL TIMES WHEN CUTTING.& BRANCH TEMPLATE FOR LATERALS + oa + 3 | | REFERENCE LINE| |.————o UTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE OF BRANCH | DIMENSION “A TO BE 2” OR MORE KEEP CUTTING TIP POINTED TO CENTER OF PIPE AT ALL TIMES WHEN CUTTING. BRANCH TEMPLATE FOR SUPPORT. ONBACK OF. 90° LONG RADIUS ELBOWS ‘| | wre (Mh +}. OUTSIDE CIRCUMFERENCE OF surrort ————e DIMENSION 2-R TO BE THE LENGTH OF 2 | OF ELBOW KEEP CUTTING TIP POINTED TO CENTER OF PIPE AT ALL TIMES WHEN CUTTING4 ORANGE PEEL HEAD (Inches) Qa g a = q & Pipe | No.of 3 ‘Size | Arms| A B c L YL db & 12 5 | 1% [% | % |! | % 2 6 | 2% | 5 | % [% | % [am | % Pog | 3 5 | 2% [He | 1% | 2% | He og ail) | [32 [8 [2% eH. 11% 18% | the be 2 a 4 STB %e [22 | te | 3%. | Te ee 5| 5 | 8 | 3% [She | 1% | 4% | The 23 5 WW 6 5 Hhe_| 35% | 2he | 5%.) 1% ' ge 6S a 8 8 | 4 [3% [2% | e% | 2% 25 a ) [20 7 | M6 | Abe | 2% | Be | 2%e | = 2 8 5 4% | 2% [10 | 3%. sz ¢ 3 i ieee £ ! SBF S FORMULA USED 40 CIRCUMFERENCE OF PIPE O.D. A HNL DIVIDED BY NUMBER OF ARMS. B= DIMENSION x 875, {| C= DIMENSION x5 | L= CIRCUMFERENCE OF PIPE 0.0. i DIVIDED BY 4 NUMBER OF ARMS = CIRCUMFERENCE OF PIPE O.D. DIVIDED BY 5 FIVE ARMS TO BE MINIMUM USE A RADIAL CUT. ORANGE PEEL HEAD Ki 60Rona . Draw wraparound line on pipe equal to dimension"C”. . Draw lines on pipe halfway between each dimension “ |. Mark off dimension “B” on these lines at end of pipe . Draw fines to connect points “B” to [points at wrap- \t . Burn out sections between arms using a radial cut, i CONCENTRIC REDUCER LAYOUT Circumference of large pipedivided by No. of arms. op “B" = Circumference of small pipedivided by No. of arms “ons “N" = Number of arms = difference of pipe O.D.’s x 'Sx1.3 || Difference of pipe O. 1.33 Minimum4 arms. On this line mark off divisions per. dimension “A”. with }, oneach side of line. h around line. ‘ then bevel arms. TEMPLATE LAYOUT FOR CONCENTRIC REDUCERCONCENTRIC REDUCERS (inches) Stee_| Rene] a B c Site | heme | A B_| ¢ ax | 5 |e | Mae aoe | 8 [He | Pe she 2x1) 5 16 Te ie 4x3 5 21% ote wie 2x1 5 Th 1%. | 1% | _4x 2% 5 | 2% | t te oe Deed [8 |e [1% | he | 4x2 [5 aah texte | Sf ie | ie tm | Ax te [8 | ae | Me | 2exI% [| 5 | 1% | tH. | 1% | 4x 1% 8 Bs _ aa 2yaxt | 5 | 1% | % | 2 4x4 oma iE2) is | is | 7. & Poem Tos 1 he The he Lee 5 | 3% 2s a 5 | 2he | 1% | We | 5x3% 5 | 3% | 2% zm 5 | 2% | 1% | 2% [8x3 2 a ee S_{ 2% [ie | 2% | Sx2% | 5 | 3% fie | 9) Sha a FP 8k fa Mee 5 2h De "he 5x 1% 5 3% — =e i oe S [2% | ihe [iy [Sein |S | 3% | the | She 5 2% | 1% | 2% 5x1 5 3% | "he | 5% 5 [2% | % | 2% ae 5 2% 1%e_| 3% 5 2y 1% | 3% l {| CONCENTRIC REDUCERS (Inches) Pipe No. of Pipe No. of Size | Amms| A B c Size | Ams | A 8 c 6x5] 8 | Wie 3% | 1% || 1x8 7 | 4%. | 3% | 2% 6x4 5 | 4% [2% | 2% || 10x68 7 [4% | 3 | 5% 6x3% | 5 | 42 | 2% | 3% || 10x8 7 [4% | 2% | % 8x3 | 5 [4% | Be | aye Tio 4 8 | 4% | 1% 18% Sx2%, | 8 [4% | 1% | 4% | 10x34 | 9 | 3% | 1% 1 8% 6x2 6 | 3% [in | 8% | i0x3 | 10 | 3% | 1% | o%e Sxin% | 6 [3% [1 [6% | iox2% [11 | a%e 1% 1 10% 8x6 8 | 4% [3% [2% | iexto | 6 | -5 | We 12% 2 8x5 + 6 4% | 2% | 4 42x8 10 4 | 2% | 5% [6x4 6 | 4% [2% | 5% || 12x6 | to 4 | 2% |_8 [| 8x3% 6 4% | Bo 6 12x5 10 4 1% 9% 8x3 7 | 3% | ie | 6% | 2x4 | 11 | 3% | 1% | 10% Bx2% {| 6 [3% [1% | 7% [72x54 | 1 | ate [Me | 11% 8x2 [eT % [%e |e | 2x3 | 12 | aime | He |eHa ay TEMPLATE LAYOUT FOR AN of ECCENTRIC REOUCER | The use of a template for an eccentric reducer is simpler and more accurate than marking off the pipe. Use sheet | metal or gasket material about YM" thick. The material | should be slightly longer than the pipe circumference. The | width should'be about 4” more than dimension “E". Check the material and be sure it is exactly square. Fit the material around the circumference of the pipe and mark and cut it |js0 that the ends of material just meet on the pipe. The |jsteps below should be followed. '[12 Draw a base line on the template 3” up from the edge. 2, Draw a center line on the template in the exact center forarm#t. 3. At this centerline on the base line mark off % circum- | ferences oneach side of template. START THESE STEPS AT THE LEFT SIDE OF TEMPLATE AND REPEAT EACH STEP FOR THE RIGHT SIDE. 1. At left edge of template mark dimension “F” from base line. . At this point mark off dimension 1% A for arm #4, .. Mark off dimension “B” Mark off dimension “A” forarm #3. Mark off dimension “C”. Mark off dimension “A” forarm #2. . At centerline of template mark off ¥% of dimension“A” oneach side for arm#1. 8. Draw in lines for each arm to points marked on base line. Use a radial cut and bevel each arm after cutting. Heat and shape the bottom arm first, then heat the remain- | |) “ing arms so that they may be pulled down as well as in, Sowson These eccentric reducers can be cut back for each larger sizeof pipe as required. a 2 & 32 3 ze So c Ee az 28 Bo mg c °o g CIRCUMFERENCE OF PIPE“ x. “pF 4 FORMULA Ygof small pipe circumference. Difference of outside circumferences x .0833, Difference of outside circumferences x .1668 Difference of outside circumferences x .25 1' x O.D. of larger pipe Dimension“E” x 8 Use a radial cut. RS ojo ot as i as als mfn{ ln Ae ii sls 3/2 = 5/9 3 xm 7 o 4 n/Q "ee «18 3 3 5/9 La m a 4 jf sllaicletst lle 3 acs LT 3 SARS SSS SS] 15 FS Slee] |S 2 3 mn » 3 a § € 6 . aS g ; S 2B eleal a 5 = a | 2\a| 7] mlo >| 12 a 2 OPTS] pp afvtclay (2 B{ 1 3 =} 9/> 3 Ql $ 2}3|" 3 3 x8 3 als "le ri ” |e 5 xz * rf x 2/8) ale) |. # FR | ols lal6x3 | = THI A= % e %el| B= The f = 1%|| C= 2% = 27iel| D = 3% = To E= 73] | a 8 Ye F = WA): fi TRA= 2Yiel| THA = 2%] | | 6"PipeCircum= __20%¢"|[8"FipeCircum= __27%"] * | ae 256" Ye Giroum = Sh \ LAYING OUT HOLES IN FLANGES |! l | FORMULA: For finding Dim. “A”| multiply the bolt circle ECCENTRIC REDUCERS (Inches) diameter times the SINE of one half of the angle between l q2x6 | the holes. 45° minus 22',° shown; A= 25 || A= 2] | = 16] B= 156 7 za si [wor | ce | wor | amt zi = a a LS eee HOLES Brat HOLES arate alle= 16%| | 4 | .7071 20 1564 Bell THA= Shel | 6 -500 [24 -1305 10" PipeCircum = 53%" |[ 12" PipeGircum = 407%5"} | 8 3827 [Was 1120 ‘% Circum = 47/45" || %Circum = 5"| | 12. +2588 | '32 0980 Ts \ 16 +1951 | "36 +0871 it ' 69 70hf HOW TO LAY OUT ORDINATE nds AND LENGTHS FOR A CONCENTRIC OR A TANGENTIAL NOZZLE 1. Set a pair of dividers to a radius that will equal the I.D. of the nozzle when it is to be fitted to the outside wall of the vessel. Set dividers for the O.D. of the riozzle if itis to fit the inside wall of the vessel. | . With dividers correctly set scribe an arc of 480° ona piece of gasket material or sheet metal and draw a line across this half circle. yp » Draw lines #0 and #4 the length of this material. Use dividers to step off each half of the semi-circle into 4 equal sections of 22¥,°. At these points on half circle draw the lines #1, #2, and #3.as before. S a On a table or other surface scribe an arc at a radius that will equal the O.D. or the I.D. of the vessel wall that you will fit thenozzle to. | | 6. Place marked off material in exact position you want on this arc and make sure it is square with the vessel. If you are making a tangential type nozzle be sure that the ©.D. of the nozzle does not extend beyond the outside wall of the vessel. i el . Hold material in position and at high point of vessel wall draw a reference or wraperound line onto the mate- tial. Sometimes line #0 has a length so be sure you have the high point. Scribe the vessel radius onto the material. You now have the ordinates lengths on the material. The template layout for either of these types is shown in the template layout section of this book. @ i n WRAPAROUND LINE ORDINATE LINES AND LENGTHS Spacing ordinate lines with dividers is recommended, how- ever these spacings can also be calculated. Line numbers below are from concentric type. ii Line #4= 1% the I.D. or the O.D. of the pipe or nozzle. Line #1 = Dimension #4 x .3827 a Line #2 = Dimension #4 x .707 | Line #3 = Dimension #4 x 9239 | 72| ( i | | PIPE COIL INSIDE TANK PIPE COIL OUTSIDE TANK FORMULA FOR DIMENSION “L” FORMULA FOR DIMENSION ° “RY x 2 x SINE of %p “R” x 2 x TANGENT of ‘p degrees of sector. degrees of seétor. . TANK COILS COIL INSIDE TANK COIL OUTSIDE TANK A = Inside radius of tank A= Outside radius of tank B = Clearance inside tank B = Clearance outside tank R = Radius of coil R = Radius of coil L = Center to center length L = Center to center length _| ~ Angie of No. of Pipes Angle of No. of Pipes = Fitting perColt _}. Sine Fitting per Coil Tangent oo 4 707 or ty 4 1.000 60° 6 500 60° 6 577 45° 8 3827 45° 8 414 30° 12 2588 30° 12 2879 224° 16 195, 224° 16 1989 a Je= = 32 —— ] =~ 098 ———]} 11/2 =325=SL % B “pe ONE PIECE 45' : Yee TRON BRACKET | An SEE LAYOUT BELOW “ors "A" x 1414 | gr LAYOUT FORA 3 PIECE 45° ANGLE IRON BRACKET CUT ANGLES SHOWN BEL ow 1- 90° TURN =45° CUTS 2-135° TURNS = 674° CUTS DIMENSIONS FOR THE LAYOUT OF ANGLE IRON MITER CUTS 114° CUT FOR 224° TURN = WIDTH _X.1989 | 300 CUT FOR 60° TURN = WIDTH x STS Size One Piece "D" [Two Piece "E" Size One Piece "D" hx 1 Tar Hex 1 %n 4X VW 4 %_X 1% % %_X2 Ye %_x2 7 %_X 2% he 4X 24 1% %_x3 % Y%ox3 1% % x4 % % x4 26 15° CUT FOR 30° TURN = WIDTH x .2679 | 450 CUT FOR 90° TURN = Wi ‘One Piece "D" One Piece "D" | Two Piece "E" xi" ye yx h 1" Mx Ye %_X 1% V4 1% L yx? Ae x2 1% 2 hx 2% he % xX 2% 2% 2% % x3 Ye 4x3 2% 3 % x 4 1 % x 4 3% 4 224° CUT FOR 45° TURN = WIDTH x 674° CUT FOR 135° TURN = WIDTH x 2.414 Size Size One Two Piece "E"| hm" x1" %" x 1 2K" 2%e" % xX 1% MX VY 3 3y Ux MX? a ie | % Xx 2% x 2% 3% 6 % xX 3 ays ee 7% 4X4 1% % Xa 8% aOFCUIAL UPPdE 1d (URATING #1) Special offsets when the degree of rise & turn are known. FORMULA: The cosine of degree of rise times the| cosine of degree of turn equals the cosine of de-| gree of elbow. Find the degree of the bottom elbow: The cosine of 45° rise is .707 times .866 the! cosine of 30° turn equals .6123 the cosine of degree of elbow. From the trig tables the degree that has .6123 for its cosine is 520-14’. This iis the degree of the bottom elbow. | The top elbow has a turn of 60° and is the complement of turn of the bottom elbow. The de- gree of rise always is the same for both elbows. Find the degree of the top elbow: The cosine of 45° rise is .707 times .500 i, cosine of 60° turn equals .3535 the cosine of degree of elbow. From the trig tables the degree | that has .3535 for its cosine is 690 — 18”. This ji is the degree of the top elbow. Find the lengths of the sides of the 2 right ti angles: Use the 24’ (SET) side of the 45° and figuee the remaining sides. See pages 9 & 10 of this book under (ANGLE KNOWN) for method. Note that the (RUN) side of this angle is also the (TRAVEL) side of the 30° angle. The (TRAVEL) side of the angle of rise is the true length of the offset center to center. Find the cut length of pipe required: Refer to pages 7 & 8 of this book and drawing *8 for method of calculating the end to center) of above 2 elbows, as these must be subtracted |f fm the center to center of offset to give you the § length required. ALL SIMILAR OFFSETS MAY BE CALCULATED USING THIS PROCEDURE. 7 ' ff : SPECIAL OFFSETS DRAWING #1 78‘PEGIAL UFFSETS (DRAWING #2) Special offsets when the degree of rise & turn are ‘notknown, FORMULA: The cosine of degree of rise times the cosine | || | Of degree of tum equals the cosine of degree of elbow. SPECIAL OFFSETS F r DRAWING # 2 ; In this example you will have to use the dimensions +f of the 2 right triangles to figure the angles of rise and f turn. Refer to pages 9 & 10 of this book under “TO FIND | |, ANGLE”. You will find that the angle of rise is 30° and | the angle of turn is 22°- 30’. Use table (ANGLE KNOWN) forlengths ofsides. Using the cosine times cosine equals cosine formula: The degree of the bottom elbow is 36°- 52’ The degree of the top elbow is60° Note that the top elbow is the complement of rise of the bottom elbow. 90°-30° = 60°. The degree of the top elbow. The (RUN) side of the 30° angle is also the (TRAVEL) side of the 22°-30' angle. | The (TRAVEL) side of the angle of rise Is the true length of the offset. Find the cut length of pipe required: Refer to pages 7& 8 of this bock drawing #8 for method Of calculating the centers of the above 2 elbows as these, must be subtracted to give you the cut length required. All simillar offsets may be calculated using this pro- | | cedure. in | Note that any 2 cosines used will call for the same |‘! degree of elbow regardless of their relationship. 9 ee 80Hl J , z, ieee ee ze 3 "To simplify the fabrication, handling, and \ gu et dae installation off all special type offsets, it is re+ Ba Bo Vas |! commended that if at all possible lop joint flanges, : S= 12g 2a] be installed at each end and in between the 2 el+ \ ax s+ oq | bows. In this way the fabricator can ignore the Y Sx pea op] Pre complex roll as well ashaving to match bolt holes. nS ora go On the opposite page are shown6 various types 4 FA eee : of special offsets with the degree of elbow needed | for the bottom and top. || The table below shows some standard angle H- » \ combinations with their cosines multiplied |t z give the degree of elbow required. Note thet = results will be the same regardless of which|is a the angle of rise and turn. | . ak if \ } 2 Rey! i wT ee INA || 221° ° ol Bo a nl = 310.24" 30° 419.24" 45° 60%, \ €& Soe 22%° 30° ase | | Bre, Pum | ee 5 ma) | 2a* 3a | 22 30 i 2 3° oe oe e9e-1a | 233 Jee | 60° / e RSS | i Pea BBR | 2? ~T 30° ot 3 i a 499.13" 30" 68°20" 45° 749-18" ear i 45° 60° 67% | | t t Ae ye * 1 228" | 609.29 30° _ 709.391 : = uw | 60° 678 , wt 2 ° ; = agi 2 69°18" ik Bas SSH eles I s va8 e inSi i 4 4 |} < Z33 S55! t c acu Peay Fro 25a | ase 22 O) il 82MATERIAL: Notes: Corbon Steel, A-285.C or equal eee imum of 1/87 bor machin (16) in ASA Code 831.3-1959. SPECTACLE BLINDS 150 & 300* RF FLANGES CARBON STEEL PIPIN( PIPE | 150% RF - MAX. PRES. = 275 PSI @ 100°F | 300% RF - MAX. PRES, = 720 PSI © 100°F SIZE A B T L G A B T L G 7 2% | Ms % | t%e fm | 2% TM % | % | % % [| 3% | ™% % | Wel me | om | 1% % | 2% [1% 2 (4 2 % 2% 1% 4% Pa % 2% 1 m™ | 4% | 2% | % | % | ™% | s Ry | % | 2% | 1% 3 5% wa % 3 % 5% whe % 3%e % 4 6% | % | 3% | % | 7 Moa % | 3% | 1% = 16 e% | Om % | 4% | 2 9% | 6% % | Se | 1% 8 al 10% 8 % 4 2 | 2 8 % 6% 2 wo | 3% {1% | [mm | 2% | 14% [tom [Tt ™ | 1% | 12 16 12 % ay 2% 16% | 12 % | 8% 2 14 17% | 13% % | 9% 2% | 19 13% 1% | 10% % _| 16 20% | 15% h 10% 2% 2% 15% % | u% 1% 18 21% | 17% 1 m% 2% 23% | 17% 1% 12% 1% 2 [29% | 19% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 25% | 1m | 1% [vee [1% 24 28% | 23% % 14% 2% 30% 23% 2% 16 2%se CENTER TO CENTER DIMENSIONS OF ECCENTRIC REDUCERS ‘AND ECCENTRIC REDUCING FLANGES MADE FROM BLIND FLANGES. CENTER TO CENTER DIMENSIONS OF ECCENTRIC B.W. REDUCERS_AND DIMENSIONS FOR LAYING OUT CUTS FOR ECCENTRIC BLIND FLANGES 1=% 2% = V4 63% 2 BY rs | y= % 6 BY 3 = Me 8 = We i 4 BY v= % 4 = MMe 10 = 1% 2% BY y= 4 3 = Phe w= % 2 = % 8 BY 4 = Me 6 = ay VW = She 6 =) - 8 = 3% ey) 3 sy 2 = % 4 =% 16 BY 10 = 2% 2% = he 10 BY 6 = Me . 12= 1% B= Me 14 = 6 = Me 8 = 4Me 4 BY 2% = 12 BY 8 = Me 10 = 3% 3 = % 10 = 18 BY 12 = % 14 =2 16 =i DIMENSIONS FOR CUT OF FORMULASTANGENT OF|| I LENGTH OF THREAD ON PIPE 90° LONG RADIUS WELDELLS ‘s DEGREES OF TURN || ' LENGTH OF THREAD ON PIPE FORMULA = RADIUS X peeps id THAT IS SCREWED INTO VALVES OR DEGREES X.01745 Popa 1S FITTINGS TO MAKE A TIGHT JOINT IR=INSIDE RADIUS aie 4 WON 30° "x 2679 || 4 ys , OR-OUTSIDE RADIUS 4g = 6 x aiae |) Il DDS i a so =" x 573 |) | S “REFER ; y TO TABLES fet a E,c | — Wee - $ Jar v4 7 4 if peat /67 we A [3 THREAD TAPER 1/16" PER INCH Z| iR[oR 15° }22¥%'| 30° [60° | | | PIPE THREADS | THREAD LENGTH whut on ; 2 SIZE INCH LENGTH vA" A'| | 1% snc | me | s@ | tae ¥ 7 7% he | % 6 "he 2" fans | 15 % | sn | | % 18 % "he 3° ive] anne i | % 18 % “he 1 | % 4 “he Phe 4° |tone| 3% | % 4 he *he 6" | 2% | drsne j 1 1% 1 “he | 7 my, a"| 3 | 6% V4 Hn 1% 6 1% | n% Wa “he 10"} 3%] 8 2 1% Vike % 12"| dene] gone 2% t Ve The F 1% Ty 34"| sv] 11 y Tene 22 | 2% [4a | 556 [12% eS 2 = 4 Hy 4 8 1% Ve 16"| 6% |12oe} 8% 25% | am | 4% | rne|13%| | $ 3 The 1% 18"| Zine] 14 % | Sine | 28% | sone] 5% | 7% [Song I 8 8 Zhe The 5 20"| 7% [1 Sse] 1076 tre aise] 6 | 8 ft7sne | © aa) e 2% aa 12 8 he 1% 24"| Orel 18% ft 208) S7rsvref_ 434 | Zane] 9% | 20%] ,t 8B ronan anionEy WELDOLETS i! SCHEDULE 40 xe eee | MAKEUP - CENTER TO END 7 eee ke} SIZE OF RUN ae | i Sef 8] at} at] oe =f ct el sl 4 2 4 6 gs | 10 | 12 ‘ EPryR pry eee +—F = y x= cad ee | 1) [2% 3%6 [4% [5% [646 17% 5 : y & vy | whe lan [5% [ems [7% a FIFE @/5|=/2/2 1 a “| > w [2 [am 3% [4% |5%0 [6% | 7% : el. |) ae 2 z I ; ulzZ ae | ae} se] 3F] Zl: ] 33/2 5 | 28 Bh %e |58%e [7 8 Z/S TUE ELE eel prye Ss 7 bI< + Pri a | 3! 4 |5%e [6% |7% | 8% 2/7] | ~ 9} 4 s 4 oi at] ae] ae & | ae! Bal 4% | 5%46 | 6%o |7% | 8% \ ws T a3 |*y7]F ols l ay 4 i s¢ rT] Ze | S46 [6% [7% | 8% ‘ ake kl lelaclar]ae| 22) 1] sel a0 8 The |o% | 9% tas | oz ar y =2s I Bes ¥}) Bho | Me i; + <2 gieixis/s]zzo2 ae| ae 1 oy (SLATS 2] jalaele t WELDOLETS COMMERCIAL PIPE SIZES AND WALL THIGKNESSES 45,.536.10 ang 03619 oma! | our NOMINAL WALL] | [THICKNESS FOR Fal | ome - es mee SE sone. | sone Sone. seneo. | soneo. | Seweb. | ax Se | ai sa] 3] ae : am [a [ae [ate [ | ; = [0.095] 0.095 = eae eee t 0580 oioes = = [oses| 8835 Zyctifc i = forz6| oie = = g Osco oro8s = =| od85 | bas = | = | oies [0204 = = =—fo1sa] 015 = |= [eats Toses Cec 9.083 = = [0778 | ois =| = | e258 | 9398 + a — 0.19] | 0.191 = - 0.250 | 0.382 MT Esse oios| = = 0.200 | 0.200 b= { = | ozs: | ooo on = o2ib | 0.218 ee in| | Eee 0.130 = = [03% | oar = | = | esrs | 8388] 3 35 0.120 = = o.300 | 0-300 == Poass | 6.00 ™ a0 ozo = = _[85te| ote =f = [oe | ose 2 25 0.20 = = To.say| 0-337 ase | — | o5a1 | ogra sf | Ses Oise = =| 6358 | 0338 S500 | = | oceas | 2524 66: 0.134 =} 0.432] 0.432 — |ose2]~— | e719 loses a | | sees oias 0.406 | 0:500 | 0:500 | 0.594 | 715 | oai2 | ones | & 10 i 10.75 0.165, 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.594 | 0.719 | 0.844 | 1.000 (1.125 | 1.000 ef Lg oss 0.562 | 8300 | O-eee | O-aun | S60 | 1.999 | 25 | F288 0.594 | 0.500 | 0.750 | 0.938 | 1.054] 1.250] 1.406, — Aclopilaliseay Slee 0:500 | 0.656 | 0.500 | 0.844 | 1.031 | 1-219 | 1.438] 1594] — 18 0.0. | 18.0 0.188 0.562 | 0.750 | 0.500 | 0.938 | 1.156 | 1.375 | 1.562 - ign! | 380 ose 0.594 | 0.812 | 0500 | 1.031 | 1281 | 1'800 | 1585 : 7 0: =_ | 0.875 | 0.500] 1.125 [1.375 | 1.625 | 1.875 = zon. | 200 0250 es | 0°969 | 0.500 | Tats | 1331 | rere | £808 = 36 0..; | 26.0 = =|] = Jeg] = | = | = | = = 28 0.0.) | 28.0 = = | os00 = = 50.0.’ | 300 0.312 soo] = | =i 32 0D.. | 320 = gees] = [oseeh - | - T= Papa] 30.0.) | 34.0 = 0950} — |oseo| = ee Seow. | se0 = . . | 220.0.) [42.0 = =~[es0e| nee Nor Schedules 5: ond 105 are avoilable in corrosion resistant maleriols and Schedule 10s is olso available in carbon steel in sizes 12" and smaller. © Thidenesses shown in italics are also available in stainless steel under the Sesignotion Schedule 40s, 93 U ordered 1 designation Schedule 80s, ® Thicknesses showynlin light foce for Schedule 60 and heovier pipe are no! carrenily supligd! by the mill, unless a certain minimon’ tosvoce ia © Thickness es shown in tlie re also available in stainless steel, under he ee i iA A 80" LONG RAD. 90° REDUGING 45° LONG RAD, 180" LONG RADIUS i WoldeLt | WelGeLt, Neminel Wall Thickness ‘ xs@ | 10 | xs vay | is? [ 28 | 1% ae | 28 | 308 | 1% ‘9 | 250 | 38 | ‘ol | 250 | 3 | 1% oo | 21 | 40 | ‘2g | (M3 | 436 | 3 6 | ‘375 | 582 | 3m 3300 | 438 | ‘600 | 4% 318 6@ | 5% 337 a | 6 315 m0 | 7% 432 Be | 8 “500 a5 | 12 ‘500 5 1% 500 B 1500 a 500 2 500 27 500 30 500 33 500 36 “500 33 “500 4% “500 54 ® Standard wall thicknesses ore the some as stainless steel schedule 40 5 in sizes thru | @® Extra strong wali inicknesses ore the some os intess steel sched-vle 80 s in sizes thru 12". st 95 kp -l koto ye Ce: s0° swoRT RAD, 180° SHORT RAD. x > se 2s Me oe ™ | 3% Bu 4 i 1046 5 : 1245 6 i 18545, 8 ; 20% 10 : 2% 12 g 28 i“ a 32 16 = 36 18 i$ 40 20 2 4 wee 2 a 24 = ae Be e 2 3 * @ Applies for XS wall thickness and lesss © Applies for wall thickness greater than XS. This size not covered by ASA B16.9. © This size not covered by ASA B36.10,