CONTEMPORARY ARTS- is the art of today, produced by vagrant who wandered the streets of Bambang where the artist

artists who are living in the twenty-first century. The 21st century
will begin with 1 January 2001 and continue through 31
December 2100. It draws on the movements of modern art,
including minimalism and assemblage art, to create dynamic
pieces that aim to challenge the viewer and spark thought. Many
contemporary artists use their work to comment on cultural and
political issues, including race, human rights, economic
inequality, and global conflict.
used to stay.
Sculpture
The sculpture is an art form in which hard or plastic materials
are worked into three-dimensional art objects. Filipino
sculptures came to be known in the middle of the 19th century.
These are some of the sculptures in the Philippines.
 Luzon (Caloocan): Bonifacio
Monument by Guillermo Tolentino

The Philippine Contemporary Art can be classified into seven

major art forms. These are painting, sculpture, architecture,
film, literature,music and theater, and dance. Visayas (Tagbilaran,Bohol):
The Philippine Contemporary Arts can be described into Sandugo (Blood Compact) by
visual arts, literary arts and performing arts. Napoleon Abueva
VisUal Arts
o Visual art is an expression of artistic ideas through images,
structures, and tactile work. Some visual work are integrated (Mactan Cebu): Lapu-Lapu Shrine by
which means it combines several mediums to create new and Rex Sicat Jr.
unique artwork. Painting, sculpture, architecture and film are
examples of visual arts. Many contemporary Filipino artists
explore themes of identity, history, and cultural heritage,
often reflecting the complexities of the Philippines' diverse
social and political landscape
Painting
Painting the expression of ideas and emotions, with the Mindanao (Davao): Six Ladies in
creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two- Durian by Kublai Millan
dimensional visual language. The elements of this
language—its shapes, lines, colors, tones and textures— are
used in various ways to produce sensations of volume,
space,movement and light on a flat surface. The first paintings Architecture
here in the Philippines are commissioned works during Spanish Architecture is the art and practice of designing and constructing
colonization. buildings (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary &
Luzon: The Sketch by Victorio Edades Thesaurus). In relation to that, Philippine architecture was
characterized as simple, rational and functional. In the 20
century, the young Filipino who studied in American colleges
and institutes introduced the neoclassic style in building
structures. However, after the World War Il, real estate
development started to take place (Sandagan & Sayseng, 2016).
To illustrate these architectural designs, these are some
examples.
 Cultural Center of the Philippines
Visayas: Magellan’s Cross by Raul Algas By Leandro Locsin
Roxas Blvd., Manila (NCR)
Burnham Park
Reservation By Daniel
Hudson Burnham Baguio City
St.Andrew the Apostle Church
By Leandro Locsin
Makati City (NCR)
Pearl Farm Beach Resort
Mindanao: Salaam (Peace) by Rameer Tawasil By Francisco Manosa
Samal City, Davao del Norte

Ben Cab (Benedicto Reyes Cabrerais)- a painter known
for his expressive and colorful works that blend traditional
Filipino themes and motifs with modern techniques and styles.
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts (Painting) in
2006. Sabel is arguably the most identifiable work of Bencab.
Sabel was the name of a homeless
Film
Film is a form of visual art use to imitate experiences that
communicate ideas, stories, or feelings with the use of moving
images. It is also called a movie or motion picture. Moreover,
the art form that is the result of the film is called cinema (Faber
& Walters, 2003). The film industry in the Philippines started in
1897. In the contemporary period, martyr wife, superhero,
action, melodramas, and comedies are some of the usual subjects
and the themes in the Philippine films.
 Examples of Contemporary Films:
1. Ang Larawan by Loy Arcenas (Manila)-
Two impoverished sisters agonize over selling
a painting, their father's final masterpiece
2. Heneral Luna by Jerrold Tarog (Siragao,
Surigao del Norte) - Gen. Antonio Luna (John
Arcilla) faces resistance from his own
countrymen as he fights for freedom during the
Philippine-American War.
3. El Presidente by Mark Meily (Cavite,
Bulacan, Laguna) - Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
(ER Estregan) reunite the regional factions in
the battle for Philippine independence. 4.Thy
Womb by Brillante Mendoza (Tawi- Tawi) -
A middle-aged childless Moslem Badjao
woman named Shaleha (Nora Aunor) living in
Tawi-tawi finds a suitable second wife for her
husband BangasAn (Bembol Roco) to have a
child of his own,unmindful of the
consequences this decision might impose on
her.
Apart from visual arts, there are
Philippine contemporary art forms that can be
described as literary arts.Literary arts are an art
expression of ideas through writing. Literary
arts can be categorized as poetry, prose
and drama. In thePhilippines, literary arts are
greatly encountered in literature.
Literary Arts
Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken
material (Lombardi, 2020). It is derived from the Latin word littera
meaning “writing formed with letters”, it refers commonly to
works of the creative imagination including poetry, drama,
fiction,nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.
Many Filipino writers explore themes of social justice, cultural
identity, and political upheaval.
Filipino literature is known for its rich storytelling tradition,
which draws on the country's diverse cultural heritage.
These are some examples:
Luzon: A Blade of Fern by Edith Ocampo, I Saw the Fall
of the Philippines by Carlos P. Romulo
Visayas: Panhayhay hin Bungtohanon by Francisco
Alvarado, An Higugma by Iluminado Lucente
Mindanao: Dead Stars by H.O. Santos
Indarapatra at Sulayman by Bartolome Del Valle
Performing Arts
Furthermore, there are also Philippine contemporary art
forms that can be described as performance arts. A person doing
certain actions and movements in front of an audience that go
along with sound in a space and time is called Performing Arts.
Philippine contemporary performing arts encompass a wide range
of styles and mediums, reflecting the country's diverse cultural
heritage and modern sensibilities
Music
Music is a collection of coordinated sound or sounds. According
to Ramon P. Santos in his article entitled Contemporary Music,
Contemporary music in the Philippines usually refers to
compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from
twentieth-century art music in the West, as well as the latest trends
and musical styles in the entertainment industry. Filipino Music
had already a rich and unique musical tradition long before
westerners set foot on our native land. Music was present in every
stage of our
ancestors’ lives—from birth to death, in blissful or tragic times.
Below are examples of some Music from the different Regions of
our country.
 “Pastores” (Shepherds), the tradition was introduced by
Spanish priests in the late-1800s. It depicts the shepherds’
jubilation on the birth of Jesus, and features musical groups
interpreting “Pastores a Belen” (“Shepherds to Bethlehem”), a
traditional Spanish song whose composer is largely unknown.
Bicol Region
• Pinalangga (My Love), this song shows feelings of a man
longing for his love. Iloilo
 Buyayang - the lyrics of this folk song illustrates the impact of
violent conflict on Mindanao communities, in particular, the lumad
communities. Butuan,Mindanao
• Ain Cu Pung Singsing- it presents a woman as its main
character and a man as a secondary character. The woman in the
song was looking for a missing ring given by her mother and
offers her love as a prize for the man who could find it.
Pampanga
• Dandansoy is a Visayan Folk Song that's also sung as a
lullaby. Dandansoy is the name of a boy. This song is about the
singer leaving Dandansoy to go back to her hometown. by
Augorio abeto Panay
• Sarung Banggi means “one night” or “one evening” in Bicol,
one of the languages in Luzon, Philippines. The moral of the song
of Sarung Banggi is to call us the Philippines freedom and
sovereignty. Sarung 's song is "a metaphorical communication of
the desire for national liberation." Bicol Region
• Pamulinawen is a popular old llocano folk song possibly
from the pre-Spanish era. It is about a girl with a hardened heart
who does not need her lover's pleading. It is about courtship and
love. Ilocos Region
Theater
A collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to
present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live
audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate
this experience to the audience through combinations of
gesture,speech, song, music, or dance.
Luzon: Tanikalang Ginto
Visayas: Walang Sugat
Dance
The movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music
and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the
movement itself. Daces in the Philippines vary from Region to
Region and below are some examples:
  Banga (Cordillera, Mountain Province)
Banga means Pots basically it can be called the
Pots dance. The Banga dance is being performed
by mainly female dancers.This dance displays
the Igorot women on their way to the river to
fetch the daily water supply for their families. It
shows the skill and strength of the women as
they would carry heavy clay pots (Banga) full of
water.
 Kuratsa (Samar&Leyte Provinces)
Kuratsa is a dance of flirtation and
courtship, designed to be danced with a
partner where the male approaches and
courts a lady in a form of a dance.
It depicts the courtship
between the rooster and the hen.
 Singkil (Lanao del Sur)
This dance serves as either a
conscious or unconscious
advertisement to potential suitors. The
dance takes its name from the heavy
rings worn on the ankles of
the Muslim princess. A kulintang and agung ensemble
always accompanies the dance.
 Tinikling (Leyte) a traditional Philippine folk dance which
originated during the Spanish colonial
era. The dance involves at least two
people beating, tapping, and sliding
bamboo poles on the ground and
against each other in coordination
with one or more
dancers who step over and in between the poles in a dance.
Fine Arts
Contemporary Painting
 Landscape painting- depiction of natural scenery
 Abstract painting- uses visual language of shape, form,
color, and line
 Figurative painting- derived from real object sources
 Watercolor painting- paints are made of pigments
suspended in water based solution
 Oil painting- process of painting with pigments with a
medium of drying oil as binder
Contemporary Sculpture
 Molding- act of creating the form that carries a negative or
reverse impression of an original model
 Casting- process of pouring a liquid material into a hollow
form and allowing it to harden
 Carving- involves using tools to shape a form by cutting or
scraping away from a solid material.
 Assembling- put different ojects together to build a or form
new artwork
Contemporary Architecture
 Environment friendly- structures that generate minimal
harmful effects to ecosystem and the communities
 Biomorphic- style of architectural design that emphasizes
natural shapes and patterns
Visual Arts
Installation Art- a term generally used to describe artwork
located in 3 dimensional interior space as the word “install”
means putting something inside of something else. It is often site
specific-designed to have a particular relationship, whether
temporary or permanent, with its spatial environment on an
architectural,conceptual or social level.
 Interactive installation-an exciting way to activate a
physical space through technology, sound and light that
responds to you. They consequently turn people from passive
audiences to engaged active participators
 Conceptual Installation- which the concept(s) or idea(s)
involved in the work take precedence over visual or material
concerns. Conceptual works are sometimes called installations,
which may be assembled by following a set of written
instructions.
 Technology-aided installation- the use of technology in an
installation art, like: the use of light, sound and computer
application.
 Performance installation-often occupy an entire room or
gallery space that the spectator has to walk through in order to
engage fully with the work of art.
 Environmental installation-
Public Art- art in public spaces regardless whether it is
situated on public or private property or whether it has been
purchased with public/private money
 Commemorative monuments- monuments or other
structures or landscape features that serve to honor events in
history, units of the Armed Forces, individuals, or groups of
individuals that served in the Armed Forces, and that do not
contain human remains or mark the location of remains in close
proximity.
 Municipal art- designed for and sited in a space accessible to
the general public, from a public square to a wall inside a building
open to the public.
 Community based art- artistic activity that is based in a
community setting, characterised by interaction or dialogue with
the community and often involving a professional artist
collaborating with people who may not otherwise engage in the
arts.
 Land art- Land art, which is also known as earth art, was
usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps
which the artist could exhibit in a gallery. Land artists also made
land art in the gallery by bringing in material from the landscape
and using it to create installations.
 Campaign-
Mixed Media- describes artwork in which more than one
medium or material has been employed
 Collage- a piece of art made by sticking various different
materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to
a backing.
 Assemblage- art that is made by assembling disparate
elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or
bought specially.
Photography- as an art arose from advancement in
technology which allowed photographers to manipulate their
images to fit their expression
 Photography and reality- Photography is often seen as a
medium that portrays an objective reality, showing the truth of a
situation.
 Nature photography- a wide range of photography taken
outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as
landscapes, wildlife, plants, and close-ups of natural scenes and
textures.
 Photojournalism- the communication of news through
photographs. These images tend to appear in print newspapers
and magazines as well as online media sites and microblogging
platforms. A picture is worth 1,000 words and can instantly
enhance the story that a news article communicates to its readers.
 Photographic alteration- involves the transformation or
alteration of a photograph. Some photograph manipulations are
considered to be skillful artwork, while others are
considered to be unethical practices, especially when used to
deceive. blue, recalling the Philippine flag, with three stylized letter Ks—the
 Mobile photography- taking pictures with your phone. “KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto: “katotohanan, kabutihan, at
Digital Art- refers to any artistic work/practice that uses kagandahan” (“the true, the good, and the beautiful”), as coined by
digital technology as part of the creative/presentation then first lady Mrs. Imelda Romualdez Marcos, the CCP’s founder.
process. The composition of the Grand Collar is silver gilt bronze. In place
 Animations- a method by which still figures are
of a rosette there is an enameled pin in the form of the insignia of
manipulated to appear as moving images. the order.
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS
 Illustrations- a visualization or a depiction made by an artist,
such as a drawing, sketch, painting, photograph, or other kind of  Fernando Amorsolo (May 30, 1892 -
image of things seen, remembered or imagined, using a graphical April 24,1972)- the first National Artist in
representation. the country and was known for using
 Photographs- art, application, and practice of creating
backlighting technique in painting, making
his creations bright and beautiful.
durable images by recording light, either electronically by
Date of Award: 1972
means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-
sensitive material such as photographic film.  Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Nov.
4,1912- March 31,1961)- Revived the art of
 Videos- the recording, reproducing, or broadcasting of
moving visual images. mural and was considered to be the most
distinguished mural painter for about 3
 Digital paintings- an art form using computer software such
decades and was known for using historical
as Adobe Photoshop with a graphics tablet and stylus pen.
events as subject matter for his murals.
Filipino Artists’ Roles & Identify Their Contribution to Contemporary Arts
Date of Award:1973
To be a National Artist is considered to be the highest
 Guillermo E. Tolentino (July 24,1890-
national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made
July 12,1976)- Honored as National Artist
significant contributions to the development of Philippine Arts
for Sculpture in 1973 and was known for
which is awarded by the National Commission for Culture and the
designating the seal of the Rep. of the
Arts together with the Cultural Center of the Philippines
Philippines, and the god
NATIONAL ARTIST- a Filipino citizen who has been given the
and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay
rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or her
Award. His works include the “UP Oblation”.
significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and
Date of Award: 1973
letters. The rank and title of National Artist is conferred by means
 Napoleon V. Abueva (January 26,1930)- considered to be the
of a Presidential Proclamation. It recognizes excellence in music,
Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture. He is
dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film and broadcast, and
skillful in creating both representational and
architecture or allied arts. Those who have been proclaimed
modern abstract sculptures using a
National Artists are given a Grand Collar. Recipients of this Grand
wide variety of materials. He was also
Collar make up the Order of National Artists (Order ng Gawad
known for creating “buoyant sculpture”,
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining).
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS type of sculpture to be viewed from a
 Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination,
surface of a pool.
as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in Date of Award:1976
1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;  Victorio C. Edades (Dec.23,1895-March 7,1985)-
 Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have
recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting
contributed in building a Filipino sense of nationhood; and was known for using dark
 Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or
somber colors in his paintings. His works
focused on factory workers, laborers, or
style, thus earning distinction and making an impact on
simple town people.
succeeding generations of artists;
Date of Award: 1976
 Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of
NATIONAL ARTIST ARCHITECTURE
work and/or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of
 Pablo S. Antonio (Jan.25,1902-June
their art from thus enriching artistic expression or style; and
14,1975)- considered as a pioneer in modern
 Artsists who enjoy abroad acceptance through:
Philippine architecture. A prominent feature of his
a. prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as
designs is the use of natural light and cross
the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award and
ventilation. According to Antonio, building
NCCA Alab ng Haraya;
should be planned with auesterity in mind
b. crtical acclaim and/or review of their works;
and its stability forever as the aim of true
c. respect and esteem from peers.
architecture; that buildings must be progressive, simple in design
Insignia of the Order of National Artists-
but dignified, true to a purpose, without restorting to an applied
The insignia of the Order of the National
set of aesthetics and should eternally recreate truth.
Artists is composed of a Grand Collar featuring
Date of Award: 1976
circular links portraying the arts, and an eight-
 Leandro V. Locsin
pointed conventionalized sunburst suspended
(Aug.15,1928-Nov.15,1994)- his
from a sampaguita
designs usually features themes of
wreath in green and white enamel. The central badge is a
floating volume and mix of both
medallion divided into three equal portions, red, white, and
eastern and western aesthetics.
Date of Award: 1990
 Ildefonso P. Santos (Sep.5,1929-
Jan.29,1994)- pioneered landscape
architecture in the Philippines. His
work in the Makati Commercial
Center incorporated fountains,
sculptures, and landscapes to a
shopping area. Date of Award: 2006
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE
Historical Lit.
 Carlos Quirino (Nov.4,1910-May 20,1999)-
the first and so far, the only National Artist for
Historical Literature and was also known for writing
“The Great Malayan”, which is considered to be one
of the earliest, biographies
of Jose Rizal.
Date of Award: 1997
Literature
 Amado V. Hernandez (Sept.13,1903-May
24,1970)- known for his contribution in the
development of the Tagalog prose through the use
of colloquial style.
Date of Award: 1973
 N.V.M. Gonzales (Sept.8,1915-
Nov.28,1999)- Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales is a fictionist,
essayist poet and teacher. He earned numerous recognitions
including the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940,
the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad
CCP Para sa Sining in 1990.
Date of Award: 1997
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR FILM, DANCE, MUSIC,
THEATRE
Cinema/Film
 Lamberto V. Avellana (Feb.12,1915-April
25,1991)- tagged as the “Boy Wonder of
Philippine Movies” as early as 1939. Kalderong
Pilak was the first film by a Filipino filmmaker
shown in Cannes International Film Festival.
Date of Award: 1976
 Eddie S. Romero (July 7,1924-May 28,2013)- a
screen writer, film director and producer who is
behind the Filipino classics such as “Ganito Kami
Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon?”, “Banta ng
Kahapon” and “Aguila” as well as the 13-part series
“Noli Me Tangere”
Date of Award: 2003
 Ronald Alan K. Poe (Aug,20,1939-
Dec.14,2004)- more known as Fernando Poe Jr. An
icon in film industry as an actor, director, writer,
and producer. He starred in films like “Mga
Alakabok sa Lupa”(1967), “Partida”
(1985), “Ang Probinsyano” (1996), and among others.
Date of Award: 2006
Dance
 Francisca Reyes Aquino (March 9,1899-
Nov,21,1983)- she was known for her research on
Philippine folk dances which later resulted to a
thesis entitle “Philippine Folk Dances and
Games”. It was distributed to
public and private schools.
Date of Award: 1973
 Leonor Orosa Goquingco (Jul.24,1917-
July15,2005)- known as the “Mother of
Philippine Theater Dance”, Goquingco
blended folkloric and Asian styles in ballet
choreography. She was a founding
member of the Philippine Ballet Theater and Honorary
Chair of the Association of Ballet Academies of the
Philippines.
Date of Award: 1976
Music
 Emani Cuenco (May 10,1936-June
11,1988)- known for the following
songs: “Bato sa Buhangin”, “Gaano Kita
Kamahal”, “Inang Bayan”, “Isang
Dalangin”, “Kalesa”, and “Pilipinas”.
These works brought contemporary
Filipino music to a higher level. The song, “Gaano Kita
Kamahal”, he added elements of Kundiman. He played with
the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra and the Manila
Symphony Orchestra from 1960 to 1968.
Date of Award: 1999
 Francisco Feliciano
(Feb.19,1941-Sept,19,2014)- his major
works include “Ashen Wings”, “Sikhay sa
Kabila ng Paalam”, and “Pamugun”. He was
known for the use of modal scales in his operas
and orchestral works. He used
indigenous music in compositions.
Date of Award: 2014
 Levi Celerio (April 30,1910- April 2,2002)- most known for
his recognition as the only man who could play
music with a leaf in the Guiness Book of World
records. He also earned lifetime achievement
award of the Film Academy of the Philippines for
writing songs for local
movies. He was also the dean of Filipino lyricists.
Date of Award: 1997
 Ryan Cayabyab (May 4,1954)- born
Raymundo Cipriano Pujante Cayabyab.
Also known as Mr. C, is a Filipino
musician,composer, and conductor. He was
the Executive and Artistic Director
for several years for the defunct San Miguel Corporation for
Performing Arts.
Date of Award: 2018
Theatre
 Honorata “Atang” dela Rama
(Jan.11,1902- July 11,1991) – known as the
Queen of Kundiman, and the 1st actress to
portray a 15-year old in the very first
Tagalog film, which was the
film version of Sarsuela “Dalagang Bukid”.
Date of Award: 1987
 Salvador F. Bernal (Jan.7,1945-
Oct.26,2011)- Bernal used local materials
including bamboo, abaca, hemp twine, and
rattan theater design for local productions.
Date of Award:2003
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng BaYAn (GAMABA)
The National Living Treasures Award, alternatively known as
the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA; lit. 'Award for
the Creators of the Country'), is conferred to a person or group
of artists recognized by the Government of the Philippines for
their contributions to the country's intangible cultural heritage.
A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or
Manlilikha ng Bayan is "a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino
citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose
distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical
and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely
practiced by the present generations in their community with
the same degree of technical and artistic competence and have
been passed on to and widely practiced by the
 Eduardo Mutuc (2005 Awardee)- dedicated his life in
creating religious and secular art in order to fully appreciate what artists are creating, art
silver, bronze and wood. According to audiences must be familiar with the language of key
him, craftmanship begins with respect details and concepts.
for one’s tools and the medium, and In the beginning of the 21st century, art historians and
the only way to critics noticed a difference in how artists worked and the
improve one’s skills is to immerse oneself, learn the concepts that convinced them. They coined the term
technique, and to practice. "postmodern" to define this period, and has now been used to
 Lang Dulay (1998 Awardee)- a categorize a wide range of artistic forms and themes.
T’boli traditional weaver of “tinalak” T’boli Postmodern art is characterized by a reaction against
cloth made of colorful abaca fabrics. She used modernism, which involves destroying or debunking
abaca fibers as fine as hair which speaks more traditionally held rules or canons of modern art; at other times
eloquently than words can. copying masterworks of the past in new ways.
Traditional aspects and principles of art, as well as their
utilization in historical art, often appear irrelevant or
Contemporary Art Forms Based on the Elements and Principles
purposefully discarded in the work of postmodern artists.
POST MODERN- art characterized by a reaction against
Today's art reveals that the content is more important than the
modernism which involves destroying, debunking
materials or forms employed in its creation.
traditionally held rules or canons of modern art; at other times
Artists used to make art with the goal of aesthetically engaging
copying master works of the past new ways.
audiences through subject matter and the combination of
APPROPRIATION- the process of making new content by
elements and principles. Contemporary artists appear to be
taking from another source, pre-existing image, books on art
more concerned in engaging viewers conceptually through
history, ads, the media, and incorporatoing or combining it
ideas and issues.
with new ones. To appropriate is to borrow. A found object is
We live in a community where pictures and objects
an actual object, often a manufactured product of a common
overflow. From television to the Internet, from the supermarket
place nature, given a new identity as an artwork or an art
to the junkyard, we're surrounded by cheap, or free, and
piece.
throwaway words, pictures, and objects. This is not shocking
that today's artists integrate this content into their artistic
Ex: Mideo Cruz- Sacred Heart
expression. In this, the first element and principle of
Marcel Duchamp-
contemporary arts born.
PERFORMANCE ART- another
element of contemporary art which
Elements of Painting
regularly increases drama, often
 LINE- a dot (point) that moves through space. It
acting and
connects one point to another.
development to extremes of
 SHAPE&FORM- self-contained defined area of
expression an continuity that
geometric or organic form. Defined by lines or other
are not allowed within the
elements.
theater. It interprets various
 COLOR- part of light refleted by object we see (Primary,
human activities such as
Secondary, Tertiary)
ordinary activities such as
3 Main Charactersitics of Color:
chores, routines, and rituals, to socially relevant themes such
1. Hue- name of any color as found in its pure state.
as poverty, commercialism and war.
2. Value- lightness or darkness of color (Shades&Tints)
SPACE- an art form that transforms
3. Intensity- brightness/dullness of color
space. Art form that performed and
4. Light- affects the color of the subjects and objects in the
positioned in a specific space such as
painting look real and solid if the artist shows the way
public places. Art transforming space. For
light falls them
example, flash mobs, art installations in
5. Space- distance between elements that creates
malls and parks. Space is often not
positive/negative spaces in a composition
depicted clearly in a piece,
6. Texture- look&feel of a surface (rough, smooth, soft,
yet it is an illusion. It is considered as the breath of art because
hard, glossy, etc.) and it can be physical (tactile) or visual
almost every work of art has the concept of space.
(illusion).Texture adds richness and dimension to 2
HYBRIDITY- usage of unconventional
dimensional artwork.
materials, mixing of unlikely materials
7. Typography- it is not only to read, letters can be
to produce an artwork. Transcendence
used to create compositions
TECHNOLOGY ARTS- refers to use
8. Composition- artists seriously plan how will they
of mass production and manipulation of
arrange elements, color, line and shapes in their paintings.
virtual world,
It is often liked to an invisible skeleton that holds the
its tools and programs. The use
painting together.
of technology in the creation
9. Perspective- means “viewpoint” or “vantage point”. It
and dissemination of art works.
has to do with how much/or how well a work of art tries to
show three-dimensionality
Elements and Principles of Different Art Forms 10. Symbol- defined as something which has a special
The elements and concepts of art, such as line, meaning/special message (life, death, hope, faith, etc)
form, color, and texture, have been used by Western
artists to convey thoughts and feelings through art. In
 Elements of Design in Sculpture  Emphasis(Contrast)- way of combining elements to stress
-Scale-refers to its size relative to the size of its surrounding differences between those elements
environment  Movement- used to create the look and feeling of action to
-Line -Texture -Form guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art
-Shape -Color  Variety- concerned with diversity/contrast. Variety is achieved
-Space -Value by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors ina work of art.
Elements of Design in Architecture  Rhythm- indicated movement, created by the careful
-Texture -Line -Light&Dark Space placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual
-Color -Shape -Space tempo/beat.
Elements of Music  Proportion- relationship of certain elements to the whole and
o Rhythm-time element of music to each other.
o Melody-or musical line is a succession of notes heard as  Harmony- way of combining similar elements in an artwork
some sort of music to accent their similarities (achieved through use of
o Harmony- combination of notes (chord) played together and repetitions and subtle gradual changes).
the relationship between a series of chords.
o Texture- number of layers as well as the type of layers
used in a composition and how these layers are related distributed through the design
o Pitch- relative lowness/higness that we hear in sound
o Tempo- Italian word at the beginning of a music piece that
indicates how slow or how fast the piece should be played
o Dynamics- volume of music (quite,loud, increase,
decrease)
o Timbre- the tone color of each individual instrument
o Key- also known as tonality, a principle in music
composition wherein at the end of the piece there is a
feeling of completion by going back to the tonic
o Music Notation- symbol used to present music when
writing down
Elements of Literature
-Theme -Imagery -Perspective
-Characters -Symbolism
-Plot -Style (Genre)
Elements of Theater
 Performers- people on stage presenting characters in
dramatic action
 Audience- essence of theater is the interaction between the
performer and audience
 Director- makes certain that performers understand the text and
deliver the script exicitingly and appropriately.
 Theater Space- space which performers/audiences come
together. It is essential to have a stage.
Elements of Dance
 Body- art of dance takes place in and through the human body
 Action- any human movement included in the act of
dancing (steps, lifts, catches, carries, etc.)
 Space- dancers interact with space in myriad ways
 Time- human movement is naturally rhythmic in the broad
sense that we alternate activity and rest
 Energy- force of an action and can mean both the physical and
physics energy that drives and characterizes movement.
Elements of Films
Mise-en-scene- French phrase “put into the scene” this
aspect of film form includes everything that appeard before the
camera within a shot.
Cinematography- general term for all the manipulations of the
film strip by the camera in the shooting phase
Time
Motion- gives the illusion of motion by the movement of
many still frames through a projector
Sound- a powerful technique. Indeed sound can actively
shape how we perceive and interpret the image
Editing- after filming is complete, the editing process begins. It
is the linking of two different piece of film.
Principles
 Balance- occurs when all the design elements are equally
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Regions
Filipinos expressed thoughts, feelings, and struggles in
many ways either in language, literature, history, art, music, and
Philosphy (Fernandez, SP 2009) as cited in his book “The Human
Image in Arts: Introduction to Humanities”. How to determine the
Filipino characteristics of an artwork? Does it exhibit remarkable sign or
implication that determines the identity and authenticity? The
Philippines is obviously rich in culture and art. Its manifestation can e
bestowed in term of the art scene and responses to socioeconomic and
Political issues. The Filipino artists are instantly conscious on ancestral
roots trying to shun away the shadow of colonial influence. The fact that
the Philippines had been colonized for several decades, thus the way of
life of the Filipinos had been influenced in many ways.
Sculpture
LUZON: The Cordillera region in northern Luzon is known for
its traditional woodcarving and weaving. They create works that
explore the intersection of tradition and modernity, often
featuring traditional Cordilleran motifs and materials such as
wood and bamboo.
VISAYAS: Known for its vibrant and colorful festivals.
Sculptors create works that capture the energy and vibrancy of
Visayan culture, often featuring dynamic and playful figures
and forms.
MINDANAO:The southern island Mindanao is home to a rich
diversity of indigenous cultures. They create works that
celebrate the rich cultural heritage of Mindanao, often featuring
traditional motifs and symbols such as Sarimanok and Okir.
Architecture
LUZON: The Cordillera region in Northern Luzon is known
for its traditional vernacular architecture. They create works
that incorporate traditional Cordilleran materials such as wood
and stone, as well as traditional design elements such as pitched
roofs and elevated structures.
VISAYAS: Known for its colonial architecture. They create
works that incorporate traditional design elements such as
colonnades and arcades, as well as modern materials and
techniques.
MINDANAO: Often incorporating traditional materials and
motifs such as bamboo and Islamic geometric patterns.
Film
LUZON: Home to a vibrant film industry, with major studios
and independent filmmakers producing film in various genres.
VISAYAS: The central island group of the Visayas also
produced notable contemporary films, often focusing on the
unique culture and traditions of the region.
MINDANAO: Has a burgeoning film industry, with filmmakers
exploring the rich cultural heritage and diverse communities of
the region.
Music
LUZON: Home to a diverse range of contemporary music
styles, including pop, rock, hip-hop, and electronic music.
VISAYAS: Often incorporates traditional instruments such as the
banduria and rondalla, as well as modern instruments and
techniques. The theme of the musical style is love and marriage.
MINDANAO: Known for its traditional music styles, such as
kulintang and gong music, as well as contemporary styles that
incorporate elements of reggae, hip-hop, and rock.
Theatre
LUZON: Often explores social and political issues, as well as
personal and emotional themes.
VISAYAS: Traditional music, dance, and storytelling techniques,
as well as modern elements and themes. MINDANAO: Traditional
music, dance, and storytelling techniques, as well as contemporary
elements and themes. They explore themes of identity and social
justice.
Dance
LUZON: Home to a diverse range of contemporary dance styles,
often incorporating traditional folk dance and modern dance
techniques. They create works that explore social and political
issues, as well as personal and emotional themes. VISAYAS:
Known for vibrant traditional dance culture. Often incorporate
Visayan dance elements into their works, creating a unique fusion
of traditional and modern dance styles.
MINDANAO: Traditional dance elements such as the
pangalay and singkil.
Significance of Art Forms
A showcase of creativity Display of craftsmanship Celebration of diversity (Facebook, Instagram, etc.)
Preservation of cultural practices Exploration of possibilities Promotion of cultural
Communicate cultural and artistic expression Manifestation of life, society, province
Support Systems of Philippine Art
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE
ARTS- the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants
giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion
of Philippine arts and culture, and an executing agency for the
policies it formulates (Dumandan, 2019) CULTURAL CENTER
OF THE PHILIPPINES- the leading
institution for the arts and culture in the Philippines by
promoting artistic excellence and nurturing the broadest
publics to participate in art making and appreciation
(Dumandan, 2019)
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES- an
educational, scientific, and cultural institution that acquires,
documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and
public appreciation of works or art, specimens, and cultural and
historical artifacts representative of the unique heritage of the
Filipino people and the natural history of the Philippies
(Dumandan, 2019)
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES- help preserve
the printed and recorded historical and cultural heritage of the
country and other intellectual, literary information for the
learning generations to come.
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES- seeks
to amplify the Filipinos’ sense of artistic and cultural heritage from
the past and in contemporary global contexts and experiences.
BEN CAB MUSEUM- committed to promotion of arts, and
the preservation, conservation and protection of the
environment and culture and traditions of the Cordilleras.
These authorities, institutions, markets, galleries, and
award-giving bodies are not the only ones who may promote
the art of the Philippines.
As a Filipino and a student, we can also promote
Philippine arts in our little ways.
We may visit art exhibits and seminars about the artistic
treasures of the Philippines.
We may share the artworks of Philippine artists through our
social media.
Appreciating Philippine arts in its original context and using it in
defining and describing Filipino identity.
There are different ways to promote or support
Philippine traditional and cultural arts and these ways root in our
nationalistic and patriotic ideology. Hence, as a student in this
contemporary time, it is a great act to contribute in holding
responsibility or promoting Philippine arts.
Best Strategies to Promote Artwork
 Join an art competition. The most effective way to gain
exposure. In fact, art competition is known for discovering
talents showcasing noteworthy product of art. It would also be
the commencement of their career as an artist.
 Social media is most powerful tool for promotion of art
 Join artidentity
organizations;
Avenue for self-expression
organization of arts in the city,
and nature or Exploration
in community of use of technology
 Getting involved in community activities, they can help
promote the artwork.
 Look for promotional galleries. City tourism gallery is one
of the beautiful venues for display. Develop an artist portfolio. It
contains artwork of different styles, genre, subjects, and medium
used.
Local Materials and Techniques in Creating Art
TECHNIQUE- the manner in which artists use manipulate
materials to achieve the desired form, effect, and communicate
the desired concept or meaning according to his or her personal
style (modern, neoclassic, etc.)
The distinctive character or nature of the medium
determines the technique. For example, Stone in chiseled, Wood
is carved, Clay is modeled and shaped, Metal is casted, Thread
is woven.
Technique involves tools and technology, ranging
from the most traditional to the most contemporary.
Traditional Techniques Applied to Contemporary
Creation
Wood Curving- form of woodworking by means of cutting a
tool (knife) in one hand or chisel by two hands
or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a
mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or figurine, or in
the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.
Silk-Screen Printing- a stenciling method that involves
printing ink through stencils that are supported
by a porous fabric mesh stretched across a
frame called a screen. Silkscreen printing is
ideally suited for bold and graphic designs.
Analogue Photgraphy- refers to photography using an
Analogue camera and film. A roll of film loaded into the
camera and the magic begins once you start
clicking: light interacts with the chemicals in
the film and an image is recorded.
Film making- or film production is the
process by which a motion picture is produced.
Filmmaking involves a number of complex and
discrete stages, starting with an initial story,
idea, or commission.
 Fabric Weaving- weaving is a method of
textile production in which two distinct sets of
yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to
form a fabric or cloth.
4 TYpes of Basketry Technique
1. COILING- coiling involves taking a “core”
material and wrapping it, then sewing the materials
together to create a spiral because of the spiral
shape, coiled baskets are usually round when
finished.
2. PLAITING- the simplest basket weaving
technique. The end result will typically be flat,
square, or rectangle-shaped basket.

3. WICKER-SPLINT- basketry is the process of

making baskets by taking pliable weft material
and lacing it over and under rigid warp
material, one piece at a time.
4. TWINNING- a basketry technique in which
two horizontal strands (wefts) cross over each
other between vertical strands (warps).
Common raw Materials: Rattan, Abaca,
Nito, Tikog, Buri, Bamboo, Pandan, Coconut leaves, Sticks,
Palm leaves, Beeswax.
Local Materials
 Puni or Palm Leaf Folding (Bulacan)-
was intended to create artful toys for kids with the use
of coconut leaf. However, puni can also be used to
create woven baskets, bags, and even fans, The most
common presentation of Puni art
is the “Palaspas” we see every Holy Week.
 Singkaban or Bamboo Art- the art of
shaving bamboo into artful creations that can be used
as a décor for arches or the home. Skilled craftsmen
patiently shave off the bamboo, layer by layer, to
create curls and delicate twirls of their
bamboo.
 Sanikulas Cookie Mold Carvings (Pampanga)- are arrow
roots cookies that have the image of St. Nicholas
(The Healer) molded on it. The molds are an
exceptional piece of folk’s art and rarity.
It is also made of hardwood and are of different
shapes and sizes.
 Pabalat Pastillas Wrapper Cutting Art-
was made out of delicate Japanese paper or papel de
hapon. The way it make is so delicate that only the
ones with skilled hands and
perfect control on their motor skills can produce the best
kind.
 Taka- in the Philippines, the first recorded of
a created Taka was by a woman named Maria
Bangue in the 1920’s. She has woooded molds that
were covered with strips of paper clipped in the sticky
paste. She would later paint them
carefully and present as children’s toys. Traditional
subject of taka include the kabayo, manok, kalabaw, and
daga which made primarily for local use.
 Pagburda (Taal, Lumban, Laguna)- art of
embroiling is happily alive and flourishing the
towns. Although it’s mostly done by women who
are wives of the farmers and the fisherman, it is
not uncommon to see fisherman and farmers who are
also carefully and delicately embroidering floral designs
during their “off-season”. The designs are embroided by
hand on a variety of fabrics including fine cotton, just
organza and piña.