Lesson 9.

1
1 Describe computer aided learning
2 List out the advantages of computer aided learning

Lesson 9.2
1 State the potential benefits of using presentation graphics?
2 Explain briefly the usage of Power Point presentation as a teaching aid? 
3 Create a Power Point presentation pertaining to your trade topic and submit? 

Lesson 9.3
1 Define LCD Projector?
2 State the application of L.C.D. Projector?
3 Define digital camera and its use?
4 Brief the care and maintenance of L.C.D Projector and digital camera?

Lesson 9.4
1 Explain what is internet?
2 List out the application of internet?
3 State the applications of internet in teaching and learning?

Lesson 9.5
1 Explain what is smart board?
2 State the features of the smart board?
3 Describe the uses a smart board in the classroom.
 Lesson 9.1
1 Describe computer aided learning
2 List out the advantages of computer aided learning

1 Describe computer aided learning

The first time that humans used any kind of electrical equipment to make a mathematical computation was
in the early 1950s of the previous century. This was realised, and a succession of advancements followed, leading to
the creation of the computer. People became aware of the enormous potential of computers as they began to be used
in virtually every field. Researchers openly predicted that using computers for education would transform the field
of learning in a relatively short amount of time. Computers could encourage and support a variety of educational
objectives. Which goals should be chosen was and is the most important topic. It was crucial to choose the goals
well because the decisions made would have a significant impact on the children's minds, learning styles, and
education process in general. Twenty years ago, there were restrictions on the educational objectives that computers
could accomplish due to technological limitations. The assertions stated in the latter quarter of the 19th century
make a lot of sense today given the exponential rise in technology advancements and increasing experience with
using these machines for teaching. In modern times, technology has taken on a dominant role in many aspects of
human life, and computer aided learning (CAL) is an educational tool that makes learning easier. By employing user
interface (UI) design it is easy for students to access learning materials and relevant courses. UI design is an
important factor for designing useful and usable CAL to appeal to a wide range of users by making the system
flexible, attractive, interactive and easy to use. Technology is no longer a barrier, thus it is up to academicians to
make the most use of it to achieve the necessary educational objectives. There are many CAL programmes on the
market right now.

What is the CAL?

The term "computer aided learning," which refers to an educational setting where a computer programme is
utilised to aid the user in learning a particular subject, is an integrated technology. It alludes to a comprehensive,
integrated approach to teaching strategies. Computer-aided learning is a tool or method of learning that aims to
make learning more engaging, enjoyable, and long-lasting. Although it includes many various technologies and
concepts, computer assisted learning is generally simple to comprehend. The focus on computer and information
technology school The Intense School defines it as simply "the use of electronic devices/computers to provide
educational instruction and to learn."
Computer programmes known as CAL are those that support students' learning in educational and training
facilities. In many colleges, students use traditional textbooks that have been converted to a digital CAL format for
contents that are portable and accessible. These textbooks include numerical files. CAL teaches consumers the
subject matter while simultaneously preparing them to comprehend applications. The use of visual displays, as
opposed to analytical or other non-visual ones, which have a negative influence on learning effectiveness, is one
advantage of CAL. CAL is used by many businesses and educational organisations to improve staff and student
learning. Users can choose from a variety of educational institutions' educational packages. The majority of users
can afford computers and software programmes that aid in the application of CAL. CAL makes use of excellent
visual components like pictures, graphics, videos, and text. Digital effects, such as sound effects for blind users or
visual graphics for deaf users, are useful for teaching students with disabilities. Employing a computer-based
management learning environment (CBMLE), CAL is beneficial for educating managers about new regulations
within organisations. Managers are given business problems to resolve using the CBMLE's rule options. This
encourages managers to use new information and new approaches to solve challenges.

Game-Based Learning
Generally, games satisfy the basic requirements of learning environments identified by Norman (1993) and can
provide an engaging environment for learning. Games should provide possibilities for reflectively exploring
phenomena, testing hypotheses and constructing objects.

Computer simulations
Grimes et al studied the effects of a textbook-based software package in two classes of the Introductory
Macroeconomics course. Their results indicate no statistically significant difference in learning between the
experimental (software users) and control (non-users) groups. Finally, Grimes and Wiley conducted an experiment
using a textbook-based simulation package in the Introductory Macroeconomics course. Their results indicate a
statistically significant difference in overall attitude and performance between students who did and did not use the
simulation software.

Animations
The capacity to incorporate animation as part of training is one of computer-based learning's most promising
features. Any educator who has the patience to learn how to utilise the application can easily access animation
thanks to authoring application programmes. Drill and Practise, Problem Solving, and Virtual Seminars/Video
Conferencing are a few further computer-based learning methods. CAL was initially utilised as a knowledge library
of questions so that students may evaluate their own knowledge. The role of CAL was expanded with the
introduction of multimedia, and it was used to show students simulations and animations that they would not
otherwise be able to view in real-time. According to the teachers, this was one of the most crucial justifications for
integrating computers into lectures. The ability to access study materials on computers can enhance subject
knowledge. Following are some of the primary pedagogical and financial factors that have pushed colleges and
institutions to accept and use computer-aided learning: More convenient access to information - The World Wide
Web has made it feasible for anyone to quickly and easily access primary sources of knowledge.

Greater Communication facilities

Interaction between academic staff, colleagues and students can be structured and managed through
electronic communications to provide greater access and flexibility.

The quality of teaching

Academic staff is paying close attention to new technologies because they believe that using them will help
them deal with issues including heavy workloads, a higher student-teacher ratio, and the usage of inexperienced staff
in the classroom. With the ability to engage with the software and learn at their own pace, well-designed multimedia
software can be proven to be more effective than traditional classroom approaches. ICTs can help students acquire
new learning strategies and higher order thinking skills when they are properly integrated into the classroom setting.

Asynchronous learning
Through this project, time and distance restrictions have been removed, allowing universities to serve a range of
students. Geographically disadvantaged students have access to a range of resources that are typically not available
to them. Staff renewal and pedagogical improvement - Teaching staff can present material using a number of
strategies to better relate the curriculum to the practical realities of a particular field of study. Students' access to
cutting-edge hands-on learning opportunities is also made feasible through computer simulation software.

VISION
a. To make learning a joyful experience for students.
b. To develop interest in learning concepts.
c. To enhance students’ achievement level through Computer Aided Learning.

2 List out the advantages of computer aided learning

Exams and quizzes can be utilised as an assessment tool when using CAL. As the assessments are graded and
marked by the computer, Management of Learning provides useful feedback. CAL is a useful tool for
determining the limitations and strengths of employees and pupils. A CAL system enables managers to choose
suitable applicants in an efficient manner by automating assessments in a non-judgmental, objective manner.
This data can be used by managers to assign assignments properly. CAL is helpful for employee training as well.
The performance of an organisation can be viewed as having a competitive edge thanks to the application of
CAL. The benefits of managing learning are: Standardisation of training procedures, accurate assessment
records, training accessibility, timing, and identification of development areas.

Advantages of Computer Aided Learning

One of the main advantages of Computer aided learning concerns the time, the place and the pace with
which one can learn. A few more advantages of CAL identified by the researchers and authors are listed below:
• Offering different teaching methods. Many instructional techniques and resources that might not be practical to
use in a traditional environment can be used with a computer. An engaging tool would be a graphics display
terminal with animated figures on the screen.
• Instruction that is personalised. When training can be customised to meet the individual needs of each learner,
learning is noticeably more effective and efficient. With CAL, students can complete particular lessons at their own
leisure.
• The capacity to do simulations. The most common type of CAL, according to a national assessment on its use
in Dutch higher education institutions, was simulation. The fact that simulation is the only sort of CAL in which the
programme offers anything to the curriculum that a teacher cannot provide may be one of the factors contributing to
its popularity.
• Giving directions as needed. The amount of educational content that may be accessed through a computer is
essentially limitless. The same considerations that limit a teacher's time are not applicable to the computer's
availability. A computer is accessible for usage at all times, on an individual basis, and in various locations, in
contrast to an instructor, who is only available during particular hours, in a single location, and typically for group
lessons.
• It was simpler to work in collaborative groups in an online course without having to rearrange everyone's
schedule as one might do in a regular face-to-face course, which is another strength of CAL that has been
mentioned.

• It Takes Individuals Into Account

Each student can move forward at their own speed and at their own time with CAL. Each learner can have a
more individualised experience with computer classes or activities because they often adapt to the individual based
on their own progress rather than on a predetermined standard.
• It Encourages Active Communication and Target Language Use
Making verb charts and repeating words aloud in class are good, but the real learning happens when you apply
what you've learned to actual circumstances. Students who actively use the language they are learning are better able
to recall specific words or phrases.
• Students can view their development.
Once more, fostering success and happiness in students is essential to fostering their want to study more.
Because of this, CAL is an excellent teaching strategy. Students can clearly see their development. They feel
successful every time they finish a puzzle or advance to the next level in a game or online course, which keeps them
interested in the courses.
• It Dissects Complex Topics into Simpler Units
Teachers occasionally struggle to simplify complex subjects because they are unsure of the most effective
approach. However, computer games and lessons do this for you and divide content into manageable bits that may
be learnt and remembered more readily.
• It's Compelling and Interesting
Let's face it: A disinterested pupil is not a good one. Many students need more stimulus to keep engaged and
actively learning, whilst some students like lectures. CAL is ideal for this since it provides numerous opportunities
for every student to interact with and remain interested in the subject at hand.
 Lesson 9.2
1 State the potential benefits of using presentation graphics?
2 Explain briefly the usage of Power Point presentation as a teaching aid? 
3 Create a Power Point presentation pertaining to your trade topic and submit? 

1 State the potential benefits of using presentation graphics?

Any sketch, drawing, or unique network that pictorially expresses some significant information is referred to as a
graphic. When a collection of photographs needs to be edited or when an image needs to be created using computer
pixels, computer graphics is utilised. Digital photography, movies, entertainment, electronic devices, and any other
necessary fundamental technologies can all benefit from computer graphics. It is a broad topic and area in the study
of computers. Computer graphics are utilised for many different things, including UI design, rendering, geometric
objects, and animation.
To aid with the design of slides, presentation graphics offers premade backdrops and straightforward page
layouts. These slides can be automatically moved in a matter of seconds. Potential benefits of using presentation
graphics include:
• Increasing visual impact
• Improving audience focus
• Providing annotations and highlights
• Analyzing and synthesizing complexities
• Enriching curriculum with interdisciplinarity
• Increasing spontaneity and interactivity
• Increasing wonder
• Graphical Representations makes it easy to understand and interpret data at a glance.
• It also helps to do comparisons among many things.
• Moreover it makes data easy to recall.

2 Explain briefly the usage of Power Point presentation as a teaching aid? 

A programme that is widely used is PowerPoint. It has been useful in many areas of life since its inception.
While some see it as a useful tool, others complain about how widespread it is. Whatever position you have,
PowerPoint can work miracles in any industry when used properly.
Let's focus on its role in education for the time being. Teachers must select a fun and engaging teaching strategy
in order to ensure that their messages are understood by their students. Nothing could be more effective as a
teaching tool than PowerPoint.
It makes presentations possible for both the instructor and the learner. Teachers can utilise this tool to present
their lessons in a more dynamic and engaging manner as opposed to using blackboards. The ability to add images,
graphics, videos, animations, and more to the slides allows you to easily capture the attention of the audience and
make it simpler for students to comprehend the subject.
Additionally, because a picture speaks a thousand words, presentations help students remember what was taught
in class. Students can learn their teachings more effectively as a result. Additionally, since the lecture has already
been created utilising the slide, teachers can spend more time connecting with the students. Therefore, in today's
technologically advanced world, it is safe to say that PowerPoint is the best teaching approach.
There are several considerations to be made when creating the slide, whether you are a teacher or a student,
whenever you do a presentation in class. Therefore, let's look.
On each slide, only include a small amount of information. This is crucial since too much material on the slides
can detract from the presentation as a whole. Therefore, just employ important points, and do it with the use of bullet
points.
The final student in the class should be able to see your slides without any difficulty. Use readable fonts,
graphics, and backgrounds as a result. Do not use the same colour for the backdrop and the text.
Avoid using too many graphics and sound effects in presentations because too many of them can turn off the
audience. To get the most out of your presentations, try to use them wisely and efficiently.

Power Point Interactions: Student Response "Clickers"

By including students actively in the learning process, classroom response systems can enhance learning for all
students. The methods can be used by instructors to get specific responses from students or to get anonymous
feedback. The technology can be used to administer examinations and quizzes, record attendance, and calculate
student involvement in class. Some of the systems offer game forms that promote discussion and competition among
teams. In order to upload reports to the instructor's grade book, reports are often exported to Excel. Find out more
about this system's use in your own classrooms.

Power Point as Worksheet

Less likely to use paper worksheets with their students, particularly in large classes, may be instructors whose
departments do not have enough photocopying options. When demonstrating procedures or providing "worked
examples" that demonstrate problem-solving step-by-step, Power Point has the capability to resemble worksheets.
One effective strategy is to initially illustrate a procedure or problem on one slide, then instruct students to solve a
related problem revealed on the following slide using their own paper as opposed to worksheets distributed to them.

Narrated Power Point Downloads

You can record your audio commentary using the built-in features of the Power Point programme itself.
This method allows lecturers to deliver their full lecture electronically, which can be extremely helpful for online
courses. When the slideshow is "played," the recorded instructor's voice narrates the action and the slides progress
on their own, turning wherever the lecturer had advanced them during the recording. The final file is still a
conventional Power Point file.
The narrated Power Point presentation can also be converted into a Flash video movie that runs in any Web
browser using AuthorPoint Lite, a free programme download. A narrated presentation must first be recorded before
using AuthorPoint Lite to convert it into a video. Our instructional outlines the procedure.

Presenter View
Your Power Point slides are projected as usual on the large screen and take up the entire room when you
choose this mode, however the space for notes is visible at the bottom of the screen on the lecturer's computer's
preview of the slides. This allows presenters to keep their notes distinct from those that are visible to the students,
which improves the presentation's overall engagement.
• The "Life in Elizabethan England" example demonstrates how to organise a presentation using only images on the
screen while using the Presenter View to contain the lecturer's notes.
• The Microsoft lesson demonstrates how to set up the Presenter View.

Best practices : Delivery

• Avoid reading : If your slides include a lot of text, talk "around" it rather than reading it out loud.

• Dark screen : Clicking the "B" key on the keyboard will temporarily darken the screen, which is an effective
tactic to draw attention to you and your speech. The screen will go back to your presentation when you press "B"
once more.

• Navigate slides smoothly : Moving forward one slide requires a left mouse click, but moving back one slide
requires a right mouse click, which is more laborious. The arrow keys on the keyboard make it easier to advance and
rewind the presentation. Additionally, you can move directly to a specific slide if you know its number by typing it,
followed by the ENTER key.

Best Practices: Slideshow Construction

• Text must be large enough to be read from the back of the classroom. It will be challenging to read too much
content or text in a small font size.
• Minimise the amount of text you use by following the 6x6 rule (which states that there should be no more than six
words per line and no more than six lines per slide). The "Takahasi Method" even goes so far as to advise using only
large amounts of text—possibly even just one word—and nothing else on each presentation, not even images.
• Contrast: Dark backgrounds and light lettering might strain the eyes. Reduce this contrast as much as possible by
using dark text on bright backgrounds. Red-green and blue-yellow combinations are should be avoided in the event
that certain members of the audience are partially colour blind.
• To prevent distractions, transitions and animations should be utilised sparingly and consistently.
• Template: Don't make frequent changes to the template. Basic formats should be uniform and straightforward.
• Don't only use graphics and photographs for aesthetic sake; use them to illustrate and improve the message.
 Other ideas for use on a Power Point presentation include:
• Change font
• Shapes
• Clip art
• Images
• Charts
• Tables
• Transitions
• Animations
• Animating text or chart

3 Create a Power Point presentation pertaining to your trade topic and submit? 

..\PPT on KCL & KVL for trade Electronic Mechanic 1.pptx

Please click on the above icon or link to open the required ppt.
 Lesson 9.3
1 Define LCD Projector?
2 State the application of L.C.D. Projector?
3 Define digital camera and its use?
4 Brief the care and maintenance of L.C.D Projector and digital camera?

1 Define LCD Projector?

A form of video projector used to display video, photos, or computer data on a screen or other flat surface is the
LCD projector.
In comparison to slide projectors and overhead projectors, it is a more sophisticated teaching tool for effective
presentation.
An LCD (liquid- crystal display) projector uses three poly-silicon panels—one for each of the red, green, and
blue components of the video signal—instead of a lamp to project images onto a screen.

In 1984, Gene Dolgoff, an American inventor, created the LCD projector. The German business "Bonner
Ingenieurbüro für Optoelektronik CrystalVision" began experimenting with LCD projectors around the same time.
This was in 1985. LCDs are substantially more sensitive to overheating even though conventional slide projectors
already used infrared filters to lessen heating of the photographic slides. The LC light valve stops functioning until
the temperature falls below again when the nematic liquid crystal layer reaches the "clearing point" (entering the
isotropic phase). An engineer at CrystalVision named Bernt Haastert discovered that positioning the necessary
polarising filters at a specific distance on either side of the LC cell enabled effective air cooling of the setup.
Powerful light source LCD projectors are inoperable without the use of this technology. In 1990, the "Imagina 90"
brand introduced a commercial LCD projector in Germany based on this idea.
An LCD projector's light source is a common lamp. The source light can pass through the three different
coloured liquid crystal display light panels thanks to an LCD projector. To create the visuals on the screen, the
panels alternately let certain colours through and block others.
The use of an LCD projector has many benefits. Compared to a digital light processing (DLP) projector, an LCD
projector may produce more lumens for less money. Additionally, it can produce more brightness while using less
energy. LCD projectors do not experience rainbow effects or dithering, in contrast to DLP projectors. The image
quality and better zoom magnification offered by LCD projectors are other noteworthy features.
However, there are certain disadvantages associated with LCD projectors. They may be less portable and
relatively bulkier than other projectors. The lifespan of LCD panels is constrained, they don't have a lot of contrast,
and they can have dead or black pixels. When compared to other projectors, LCD projector maintenance may be
more expensive. The image quality of LCD projectors can deteriorate over time if they are used frequently, and they
also heat up more quickly than DLP projectors.
When mounting projectors, the throw ratio is utilised to regulate the size of the projected image. The display
width will be seven feet, for instance, if the throw ratio is 2:1 and the projector is fourteen feet from the screen.
2 State the application of L.C.D. projector
The entire class can observe the computer's screen when an LCD projector is connected to a desktop, laptop, or
laptop.
A classroom's LCD projector opens up the globe. Display downloaded videos or presentations with multimedia.
An LCD projector can display anything that can be seen on a computer screen.
Audiovisual aids are used to facilitate communication.
AVA is crucial to the process of teaching and learning. It is crucial to choose educational tools that fit the
teaching approach.
Audio aids transmit thoughts from the mind to the hearing. They could be audio, musical, or tape recordings.
Visual aids transmit information and concepts to the mind and emotions through the eyes. Films, slides, videos,
overhead projectors, books, pictures, models, and charts are examples of visual aids.

a. Lessons
Chalkboards are generally viewed by teachers as difficult, monotonous, and dated. Instead of writing notes on a
board, projectors have made teaching easier. Teachers utilise LCD projectors in the classroom to supplement
lectures. with a computer and a powerpoint presentation. The instructor uses a whiteboard and PowerPoint slides to
impart information while giving notes and highlighting interesting aspects of a subject. These allow teachers to
provide well-organized notes, and they also allow students to take significant notes while being able to comprehend
key material.
When using electronic devices, students can ask the lecturer to email a presentation for additional reference
or request a repeat of a slide if they feel they missed something. Additionally, students can create up powerpoint
presentations to use as backdrop material for presentations and group projects in class. The use of projectors to
provide information reduces the need to print out documents because they may be displayed to the entire class at
once.

b. Video
Projectors can play videos in the classroom, which allows teachers to increase student understanding while
making studying more enjoyable. When both the visual and auditory senses are engaged simultaneously, learning
occurs more actively than passively. For instance, a teacher could display a documentary from YouTube, a movie
from a DVD, or student films from field excursions. The LCD has replaced the traditional film projector because of
its computer connection, which allows you to access a variety of video resources. To maximise potential usefulness,
a teacher should use the tool wisely.

c. Exam attendance and tests

Interactive systems including computers, handheld clickers, and LCD projectors have been created by schools.
Each student in a classroom has a multi-knob clicker thanks to these technologies. To take attendance in class and
grade assignments, the teacher creates a basic programme model. As a result, the questions have no direct impact on
students' grades; rather, the instructor uses the answers to gauge the success of her efforts. If the teacher has run
software on a data processing device, the LCD projector can display an aggregate class mean score when pupils
touch their buttons.

d. Experiments
A projector is necessary for a teacher to handle a large class size in a lecture hall. Students can clearly see a
demonstration of a particular topic when LCD projectors are used. To demonstrate something to a large group of
people, the instructor can link the projector to a desktop or camera. A chemistry instructor could perform a chemical
reaction in such a situation. Professors of archaeology can demonstrate the characteristics of prehistoric human
remains, while English teachers can display passages from a book. Students might learn from watching online
tutorials for challenging assignments like volcanic exploration. These provide the learner with background
knowledge regarding the tools required before creating a project plan.

e. Gameplay
Instead of choosing an excessively large television with many inches, LCD projectors are the greatest options for
playing games in the living room. Additionally, it can be challenging to find a flat-screen with more than 77 inches.
Because they have advantages over large screens, projectors are an investment that is worthwhile for gamers.
Additionally, projectors need less room because they can be placed on a side table, as opposed to televisions, which
require a cabinet to stand. When you're not playing video games, these enable your living room to have adequate
space.

f. Trade shows and exhibitions

When getting ready for exhibitions and trade shows, the digital audiovisual technology shouldn't be overlooked.
Video projectors like LCDs systematically enhance exhibit booths. A businessperson should keep in mind that
prospective clients and business partners require encouragement to stick around. Excellent wall projections at trade
exhibitions make it simple to stand out among the many exhibitors. A slide shown on an LCD can draw attention to
itself. rather than a display without the inventive use of projectors. Last but not least, visual tactics are the perfect
complement to presentation mediums. The use of these tools and slides improves speaking.

g. Corporate and business presentations

For office workers and business owners, a projector is a necessity. Businesspeople can utilise the LCD projector
to make important information visible to employees so they can take notes during small and large meetings. A
business projector also eliminates the need for printed materials and handouts, which saves money. The expense of
purchasing materials will be reduced because employees may see on projectors what is discussed in meetings.
Additionally, it is exhausting to listen to someone talk the entire conference. The utilisation of audiovisual aids, on
the other hand, piques attendees' interest and attention.

3. Define Digital camera and it’s use.

It is a camera that creates digital photos that can be downloaded to a computer and viewed on a screen.
A digital camera, sometimes known as a digicam, is a camera that records digitally encoded photos and films and
stores them for later use.

A digital camera is a piece of hardware that takes pictures and saves them as digital files to a memory card.
Digital photography is used to record the photos rather than film. After a photo has been taken, it can be printed,
downloaded to a computer, and edited with a graphics programme.
Digital photos are constrained by the amount of memory in the camera, the optical resolution of the digitising
process, and the resolution of the final output device, as opposed to film photographs, which have nearly infinite
resolution.
An electronic image sensor is used by a digital camera to take still pictures and capture video. The optical setup
of a digital camera operates similarly to a film camera in that the electronic image sensor illumination is adjusted
using a standard lens and diaphragm. Colour photos are captured as intensities of Red, Green, and Blue by digital
cameras. These are kept on a CCD or CMOS image sensor chip as variable charges. After being transformed into
digital form, these charges are then saved on flash memory chips on a memory card, such as an SD card.

Digital cameras provide both novice and expert photographers a variety of automatic control features. Most
functions on modern digital cameras may be controlled manually. A digicam is another name for a digital camera.

Uses of Digital Camera

  Shoot Photos
 Shoot Videos
 Keeping Records of Family and Friends
 Create Insurance Records
 Make Business Cards
 Digital Photographic Art
 Record a Meeting or Event
 Objects for Presentation
 Create Clip Arts

4. Brief the care and maintenance of L.C.D. Projector and digital camera

Care and Maintenance of L.C.D. Projector

 Before your first presentation or event, familiarise yourself with the unit.
 Always let your projector cool completely before turning it off or unplugging it to increase light life.
 Keep in mind that your lamp's lifespan can be significantly reduced by extreme heat.
 Avoid using your projector near a heat source or in direct sunlight.
 Replace the filter as directed in your user handbook, if necessary.
 If applicable, never use the appliance without the air filter. By doing this, you risk attracting dust to the
projector's optics, which could then impinge on your image.
 Steer clear of utilising your projector in a smoke-filled space.
 The optics of the device may be harmed by this, and your warranty may be voided.
 Keep your projector in a dry, cold place. When not in use, keep the shipping box in a safe, secure location.
 The best way to pack your projector should you ever need to ship it is in the original box with the included
packaging materials.
 If the projector is ceiling-mounted, make sure the area around the intake fan is kept clean and out of the
way of any air or heating vents.
 Consistently keep your lens clean for the best possible image quality. A lens cloth, which can be obtained
from a camera store, is the safest way to clean your lens.

Care and Maintenance of Digital Camera

 Avoid sand and dirt. Be cautious when clearing sand and grit from your digital camera. Avoid using
pressurised or bottled air to remove the sand since you can push the particles deeper into the camera case.
Budget camera cases may not be completely sealed, making it simpler for grit and sand to sneak inside and harm the
case. To get rid of the grit and sand, gently blow it out. On a windy day at the beach, be cautious when taking
pictures because the sand can drift violently. On such days, avoid entering the battery compartment.
 Keep liquids away. Unless your camera has a waterproof casing, try to keep all liquids away from it. Like
any other electrical device, cameras can be harmed by too much water.
 Do not touch the LCD or lens. Skin oils can smear the LCD and lens, eventually resulting in irreparable
damage. Anytime you notice a fingerprint smudge on the lens or LCD, wipe them down as quickly as you can with a
microfiber cloth.
 Sunlight and lenses don't mix. If you have a DSLR camera in particular, avoid pointing the lens at the sun
for any length of time. Sunlight that is focused into the camera's lens could harm the picture sensor or possibly set
the camera on fire.
 Apply cleaning solutions with caution. Be careful not to use too much cleaning solution on your camera.  In
reality, you should be able to wipe the camera using a dry microfiber cloth, with the exception of tenacious
smudges.
 If a liquid is required, dab a few drops of it onto the cloth instead of the camera. Additionally, water can be
used in place of cleaning solution.
 Clean the bag in a hoover. Vacuuming your camera bag on a regular basis can maintain it clean and
safeguard your camera from damage caused by dirt and sand.
 Keep an eye on the weather. While some cameras are built to withstand extreme temperatures, most
cameras are not. Keep in mind that a sunny car can quickly reach temperatures of 100 degrees Fahrenheit, so never
leave your camera there. Keep the camera out of the sun to prevent damage to the plastic. Avoid extremely cold
temperatures as well, as they could harm the LCD.
  Use wrist loops and neck straps. While taking pictures outside, always utilise neck straps and wrist loops
with your camera whenever possible. Admittedly, this is more of a "preventative" maintenance suggestion. The
straps can protect your camera from a potentially disastrous fall if you slip while trekking or if you lose control of it
near a pool. It is better to be safe than sorry. (If the camera does fall, follow the link to attempt some troubleshooting
suggestions.)
 Properly store your camera. You should keep your camera out of direct sunlight and in a low humidity
place if you won't be using it for a few months. Try storing the camera without the battery as well, as doing so will
lessen the likelihood of corrosion.
 Lesson 9.4
1 Explain what is internet?
2 List out the application of internet?
3 State the applications of internet in teaching and learning?

1 Explain what is internet?

The standard Internet protocol suite (commonly referred to as TCP/IP, although not all applications use TCP) is
used by the Internet, a system of interconnected computer networks that serves billions of people globally. The
Internet, sometimes known as "the Net" or just "the Internet," is a global system of computer networks in which
users at any one computer can, with permission, obtain information from any other computer and, on occasion,
communicate directly with users at other computers.

History
It's a network of networks made up of millions of local to international private, public, academic, business, and
government networks that are connected by a wide range of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.
It was initially known as the ARPANET and it was created in the United States by the “United States
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency” (known as DARPA) in 1969. The original plan was
to build a network that would enable users of research computers at different universities to "talk" to one another.
Because messages could be routed or diverted in more than one direction, one advantage of the ARPANet design
was that the network could continue to operate even if some of its components were destroyed in the case of a
military attack or other tragedy.Today, hundreds of millions of people worldwide have access to the Internet, which
is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining resource. It is widely used as the main information source, and through
social media and content sharing, it has spurred the development and expansion of its own social ecosystem. E-
commerce, or online buying, has grown to be one of the most popular uses of the Internet.
It was first connected in October, 1969.[1] The World Wide Web was created at CERN in Switzerland in 1989
by a British (UK) man named Tim Berners-Lee.

Internet Connection Methods

The various methods for connecting to the Internet are briefly mentioned below:
 Dial-Up -To access the Internet via such connections, users must connect their phone line to a computer. The
user is unable to place or receive calls using the tier home phone service while connected.
Today's most popular high-speed internet connection is called broadband, and it is offered by either cable or
phone companies.

Wireless Connection-Wi-Fi and mobile service providers fall into the category of wireless connections. No
matter where you are, you can connect to the Internet because connectivity is made possible by radio waves.
Several instances of wireless connections are provided below:
Wi-fi- Without the usage of cables, high-speed internet connectivity is possible thanks to wi-fi.
Mobile devices - All modern cellphones come with the ability to connect to the Internet, which may be
accessed through Internet packs and coupons. These don't require a wire or external connection.
Satellite - Satellites are utilised for wireless Internet connectivity in areas where broadband connections are
not available.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) - Users can send audio or video data over telephone lines
thanks to the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).

Internet Connection Protocols

Protocols are a set of rules that help in governing the way in which any particular body or technology works.
Internet Connection Protocols can be divided into three major types:
TCP/IP Network Model – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the most
widely used protocols for connecting networks. It divides any message into a series of packets which are
sent from source to destination

File Transfer Protocol – Program files, multimedia files, text files, documents, etc. can be transferred
from one device to another, using FTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Used for transferring a hypertext from one device to two or more devices.
HTML tags are used for creating links and these links may be in the form of text or images

2 List out the application of internet

Application of Internet
The Internet is used for many things, such as
 E-Mail
 Online Chatting
 File sharing and transferring
 Entertainment
 News group .use net
 Social networking
 Web pages
 Blogs
 Interesting web sites

3 State the applications of internet in a teaching and learning

Today, education plays a crucial role in our lives in addition to the necessities. It's vital to remember that in this
fast-paced age where everything moves quickly, education uses the internet to accomplish the single goal of offering
extensive knowledge while also saving a significant amount of time.
The Internet is the most important instrument of our generation, helping us in both our personal and
professional efforts. It is frequently employed for educational reasons to collect data, carry out research, and
increase one's knowledge in a number of subjects.
Students use the internet to research a variety of topics, including assessments, curricula, and results. Instructor
can use these strategies for student success to succeed in school as well.
 Students' emphasis on the internet's role in education suggests that it facilitates their ability to conduct research
and review topics covered in class. People use it in accordance with their requirements and interests.
Internet access is crucial for schooling. Everyone in today's world favours Google when they have queries,
issues, or worries. People use well-known search engines like Google, Yahoo, and others because they give them
instant access to a tonne of information in a short amount of time. It has a variety of information that is always
accessible. The internet is to be credited for the revolution that it brought about with the development of technology,
communication, and online entertainment.
It has grown to be a more important and potent tool in today's world, and everyone wants it. Everyone needs
internet access, for one reason or another.

Application of Internet in Teaching and Learning

 Accessible and Economical Education: Many colleges, including Harvard, Yale, and Stanford, have made
free courses on a range of subjects available to anybody. Most of these take the form of lectures on video, while
some additionally include notes. This indicates that there are many free lectures available without having to drain
your cash account to cover tuition. Poorer populations can now obtain education thanks to the Internet. The "Granny
Cloud," for instance, used Skype to have volunteers, most of whom were retired teachers, read aloud stories to
Indian youngsters in order to help them learn how to read.
 Helps with general brain training 
 Facilitates knowledge sharing 
 Aids in knowledge dissemination 
 Benefits distance learners
 Applied in online classrooms
 Promotes awareness of the fight against poverty
 Aids with digital texts
 Powerful Learning and Teaching Tool
 Simple Access to Good Education.
 Enhanced Lessons: By providing supplementary resources and content from the Internet to students, such
as interactive lessons and instructional games, teachers can make use of the Internet. A "hybrid" paradigm is used in
many college courses, which means that fewer lectures are completed in-person and more are completed online.
Students are spared the daily drive to university with their bulky textbooks. You can use any computer with Internet
connectivity to complete tests, assignments, collaborate with students, and conduct research. The Internet is used in
addition to conventional study methods in non-hybrid classes as well.
 Study and Research: Any search on the Internet will immediately yield a lot of information. As a result,
libraries are no longer the best place to obtain information or do study. Online encyclopaedias offer a wealth of
information on practically every subject imaginable, and many teachers now direct their students to visit specific
websites to study at home. Having access to a variety of sources frees kids from being restricted to the materials
their teachers bring home and enables them to explore topics in much greater depth.
 Communication: In the past, students who failed to turn in their work, skipped a class, or had trouble
remembering an assignment were in trouble until they spoke to a teacher or a classmate in person. However, you
may instantly connect with your classmates and teachers thanks to the Internet. The ability of teachers to help
students without staying after class is increased through improving communication between students and teachers.
Additionally, it makes it possible for students to work more productively when collaborating on projects with their
classmates when everyone is unable to attend or when seeking clarification when something is unclear.
 Lesson 9.5
1 Explain what is smart board?
2 State the features of the smart board?
3 Describe the uses a smart board in the classroom.

1. Explain what is smart board?

Almost all conventional devices have been replaced by new, cutting-edge, sophisticated electronic systems as a
result of technological advancements. In this context, smart boards, which fall under the category of projected visual
aids, are used in place of chalkboards in schools nowadays. Electronic whiteboards that use electromagnetic
technology are known as smart boards. Other names for these boards include interactive board and interactive white
board.
By touching the board or with a single mouse click, people are able to engage, collaborate, and manipulate data
using the gadgets. A SMART Board is an interactive whiteboard that responds to touch and enables writing and
object movement. An HDMI cable is used to connect SMART Boards to a PC for use. You can view what is on the
board and what is on the computer thanks to the SMART Board. Using SMART Boards, anyone can write on them
using special coloured pens and tap objects with just your finger. When it comes to writing on a whiteboard, this can
save teachers the time it would take to purchase EXPO markers.
Students can now work on a problem on the board at the same time thanks to upgraded smart boards. Previously,
since smart boards wouldn't respond to multiple touches, only one person could touch the board.
As seen in Fig. 1, these electronic boards need a computer and a multimedia projector to function.
Fig. 2 depicts the interactive board's configuration.

Fig.2

Fig.1
2. State the features of the smart board?
 The top 10 most important features that an interactive smartboard should have, are listed as follows:
 Whiteboard feature: The smart board can also be utilised without a computer or multimedia projector as a
standard white board.
 Multi-writing
 Annotation: There are several categories for annotation tools, including annotation tools, editing tools,
page creation tools, page management tools, presentation tools, file management tools, and other tools. All of these
tools are described in depth in the online support help file, which is accessible via the device manager menu.
 File saving & transfer
 Image Edit
 Document viewer
 PowerPoint presentation
 Web browsing
 Screen sharing
 Video conferencing

Other features include following points:

 The manufacturer-provided preparation software powers these interactive boards. This programme is
installed on the computer by the user.
 The interactive board is mounted on the wall, and the multimedia projector is set up and properly
positioned to fill the image inside the board's designated perimeter.
 The computer and Interactive board are connected via USB cable to enable operation.
 This smart board also functions wirelessly, using bluetooth communication, without a wired connection to
the computer.
 The tool bar on the rechargeable magnetic pen allows you to choose the line thickness and any desired
colour from the colour pellet.
 Mouse feature is offered on the magnetic pen by checking them it functions as a mouse additionally.
 A straightforward calibration procedure makes it possible to utilise an interactive board by simply touching
the calibration mark displayed on the board with a magnetic pen.
 The original file used is unaffected, but a separate file with the interactive activities completed on the
displayed image on the board are saved separately in its software. at the time of opening to synchronises the
computer with interactive board.
 There are three operational modes available for the software: interactive mode, office mode (Windows
only), or whiteboard mode. When used without a video projector, whiteboard mode enables you to record and save
notes, drawings, computations, and anything else you write with a marker on the whiteboard. Office mode enables
direct interaction with PowerPoint, Word, and Excel files that are native to the Microsoft Office software package.
The most comprehensive and feature-rich of the operational modes, Interactive Mode, enables you to open and
execute apps while in Mouse Mode by using your electronic pen to move the cursor on the picture that is projected
onto the surface of the Whiteboard. Use the pen to choose Tools from the Toolbar in Annotation Mode.

3. Describe the uses a smart board in the classroom

 The instructor can plan ahead, prepare educational resources such written information, diagrams, videos,
animations, etc., and store them on the computer for use in upcoming sessions by using the optimum sort of
projected visual aid.
 Stored information may be accessed directly on the smart board using the interactive magnetic pen by
selecting the appropriate icon from the toolbar on the board.
 The instructor can choose diagrams and save them on the computer rather of spending time and effort
drawing them. These schematics may be picked and shown on the board in a couple of seconds with ease by just
selecting the file using the mouse buttons on the magnetic pen.
 The size of the diagrams displayed on the board can be easily raised or decreased by clicking and dragging
it to any location on the board.
  The magnetic pen's line thickness can be readily modified by selecting the appropriate icon, and the line's
colour may be selected by simply touching the appropriate colour pellet.
 By clicking and dragging to any size on the board, geometric shapes like circles, squares, triangles, etc. can
be readily drawn for mathematical functions.
 The instructor can make any marks, draw lines, or write anything on the opened file when in interactive
mode. The information shown on the board will be preserved separately, unaltered from the original file.
 If any remaining writing on the board needs to be cleaned up or erased, the class can continue for as many
pages as were saved by opening a new page.
 Any of these stored pages can be quickly opened to help students with questions or to visually summarise
the major ideas.
 The entirety of the material written on the board can be saved as a PDF file and distributed to the students
after the lesson is over.
 The interactive board functions in Bluetooth mode without a USB connection as well.
 The laptop's Bluetooth connectivity allows it to access the information from any location in the classroom.
 The lecturer is encouraging and motivating the students with the interactive board as he imparts knowledge
on his subject, holding their attention throughout with engaging interaction.
 In addition to teaching and training activities, the interactive board can be efficiently used for organising
seminars meetings and other official purposes. Different trade instructors can use this facility according to their
schedules by having an interactive board set up, allowing this resource to be effectively used for teaching and
training various trade groups of the Institution.
 The most recent improvement in interactive boards doesn't operate properly without a magnetic pen that
can be recharged. In order to save the presentation from ink stains, it is designed to function with a marker pen that
has run out of ink (a dummy marker pen) or even with a finger.
 Overall, adding interactive whiteboards to the learning environment is likely to alter how instructors and
trainers convey knowledge and skills while also streamlining the learning process for students. Lessons will be
simple for learners to engage with, and they will grasp the lesson as a whole better. It is the perfect tool for any
school setting to facilitate successful teaching and skill development for students.