Chapter-10

Nozzles and Jet Propulsion

 Introduction

The fluid is decelerated in the duct , causing a rise

in pressure along the stream .

Nozzles and Diffuser

The fluid is Accelerated in the duct , causing a

drop in pressure along the stream .

1D Flow The fluid velocity and the fluid properties varies only in the
direction of flow.
 General shapes of Nozzle

Subsonic Flow

Nozzle Diffuser

Supersonic Flow

Nozzle Diffuser
Common assumptions for nozzles and diffusers

• Steady state, steady flow.

• Nozzles and diffusers do no work and

use no work.

• Potential energy changes are usually

small.

• Adiabatic Process.
Nozzle Shape
 Cross-Sectional area, Velocity and specific
volume variations with pressure through a nozzle
Cross-section through a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
Critical Pressure Ratio
Example. 10.1
Maximum Mass flow
Example 10.2
Formulae