upc 62-272.272 DEUTSCHE NORMEN May 1973 Helical Springs Made of Round Ware quality Specifications for Cold Coiled Compression Springs Zylindrieche 5c) Gitevorachriften fur kaltgefornte Druckfedem, Standard applies to helical cospression eprings mate of epring-hart round vire which, of Sollise, eco subjected only to sespering to Felsers residual geresses, Cold cosled compr Sphings'cha’be nade wien wire uj zp about 17 aa diameter, In the range from 40 t9 1 am dlanefor the prosuction method (cold or hor coiled) depends op stressing, the aaverial and Sf opring; cts also Din 2099 Sheet 7 (Preissinary Standard). The materiale Listed in Section 3.5 and the under-aentioned Lieitine values also apply to this Standard Mean coil diazeter Ta up to 200 as Length of unloaded spring 19 up 20 630 ae Ruaber of active coils ip 22 of this translation No guarantee can be given in 1wspect Gohl ratio ¥ & to 20 4. Representation then Normenaveschuses, Berlin 20, 9 Pigure 1. Pigure Spring eade closed ant Spring eads closed ground (with theoret- Seal characteristic) 2. Formula symbols, dimension desigpations end unite Quentity for determining variations of spring force and spring length (effect of geonetry and dimensions) 32 spring rate 32 spring rat Wire diameter Nosinal dis ing to DIN 2076 or DIN 1757, increased by the upper allow Peraiseible variation of the generating line unloaded eprine Perniesible variation in parelielies of the ground spring bearing surfaces, om the vertical, measured on the Continued on pages 2 Explanations 02 page & wn 30 ond Fain TIN D095 engl. FrerePage 2 DIN 2095 te Number of active coils te Total rumber of coile x. Factor for deteraining variations of spring force and spring length (effect of active coils) a1 to 0g Deflections corresponding to spring forces Fy to Fn iam aa, = Up = Igy Deflection corresponding to theoretical spring force a1 theor in an . = 3B coir ratio x Pactor for determining 54 Ap Permissible variation of coil diameter (Dg, Di, Dm) of unloaded spring in om ay Porsissible variation of spring force F at given spring length L in duo Persiooidle variation of leneth Lo of unloaded spring in ae Da outside diameter of coil in ae Da Mandrel dianeter (inner guide) in ae Pn Sleeve aianeter (outer guide) in mn Dy Inside aianeter of coil in me Dy + Di Pa = AE PL ean diameter of coil inn 7) to %q Spring forces corresponding to spring lengths 11 to In in x Theoretical spring force corresponding to solid length Lp1 ia In practice the epring force at solid length is usually greater (seo toot diagram, Figure 7). FEL theor Lo Length of unloaded spring in om lh < Lo - Aro Length at omallest test load 74 in om Ly to ly Lengths of loaded apring corresponding to spring forces Fy to Fn in am Ia, Solid length of spring (s11 coils closed) in om Tn = Up, + Sq Minimum permissible test length of spring ip am @ Goerficient of quality grade wn individual active coils in mm c don springs ere generally nade with right-hand coiling, or with alternating right-hand and left-hand coiling for nested epring assembiiee; in this case the outer spring ie usually Tightshand cofied. If left-hand coiling for springs is required, this aust be obvious froz the Rote “left-hand coiled® which should appear in drawings or enquiry and order docusents. 3:2._Spring ends Tae spring onde whereby the spring force is transmitted to the connecting componente are to be bo designed that the deflection of the spring ie es nearly axial as possible in every position of the spring. This te generally achieved by reducing the pitch of one finishing coil at each Gna. fo cotarn adequate bearing surfaces at right angles to the spring axis, the wire ends are ground in accordance with Figure 1. If unground spring ends are acceptable for the particular use concerned, e.g. when the compre: pion springs are sade vith wire having a diameter less than approximately 1 am or with « coil fatlo over 15, grinding of the wire ends should be omitted for economic reasons. Waen the coapression springe are made with vire having a dianeter under 0.3 mm the wire ends should never be ground. With regard to the simultaneous grinding of the apring ends of cospression springs having a Vire dlaseter fron 0.3 mm up to about 5 mm it should be noted that only springs which allow Adequate contact pressure can be ground flat. carried out indicate that thie contact pressure must amount to epproximately Teate 80 fa: & F 0.05 N/an?, If grinding of the spring ents is found to de inexpedient, the spring should be made according to Bigure 2, that is to say without ground wire ends. In all cases the type of finish for the spring ends shall be stated verbally in the drawing. The spring ends should only be deburred if this ie required for proper functioning. If an outer Of inber chanfer is requized on the end coil, the width of chanfer must be stated. The chanfer angle ie approximately 45°. 2 $2 AvP, the oun of Spex ds ig. fhe wininun spaces between the active coils should be Inside Sq the spring characteristic may show @ strongly rising trend. For a given coil ratio w the corresponding value of x is found from Figure 3.DIN 2095 Page 3 o7- 08: 05: oe xe 93. ar 2°67 e% ao" 294% 6" 18" 20 — Figure 3. Value x as a function of coil ratio w Bt! (ail cotts closed) Yor springs with ground ends accorting to Figure 1, the solid length ia Ta § ig + daex Por springs without ground ends acconling to Figure 2 the following applies: Up § (ig +1) + dpax ig tig? 2 = Nusber of non-active coils Group 1 DIN 17223 Sheet 1 Round spring steel wire, quality specifications; patended drawn epring wire made of unalloyed steels DIN 17223 Sheet 2 -; quenched and teapered spring wire and quenched and tempered valve pring vire made of unalloyed steels DIN 17224 (Preliminary Standard) Stainless steel wire and strip for springs; qual- Sty epecifications Group 2 DIN 17225 (Preliminary Standard) High-temperature et properties DIN 17672 Sheet 1, Rod, bar and vire of copper and wrought copper alleys; strength properties DIN 17672 Sheet 2 -; technical conditions of delivery DIN 17682 Round spring wire of wrought copper alloy: nical conditions of delivery le for springs; quality etrength properties, tech- 3.6. Surface treatment 5.et. Shot-peening 32°00 agreed, the eprings way be shot-peened to increase their fatigue strength (ase DIN 2069 Sheet 45. 3.6.2. Surface protection Jeo Springs ave usuelly protected by oiling or greasing. Other methods of corrosion protection are to be'agreed with whe manufacturer, Guelity grades, permissible variation For springs the quality grades 1, 2 and 3 are specified (for coefficients Q see Table 2). 421 the permissible variations listed below apply only to material group 1 (see Section 3.5). Por materiel group 2, permiceidle variations are to be agreed between manufacturer and user. choice between quality grades 7, 2 and 3 will be governed ty operational requirements. The quality grade required end the peraieaible variations are to be expressly agreed or stated in Ghe drawing preprint (see also DIN 2099 Shee In the sbsence of information to thie effect, quality grade 2 shal) app): In the interests of rationslized production quality, grade 1 should be specified only vben the ‘Calls for it. For this purpose not ali the quantities in Sections 4.1 to 4.5 jo. if variations emaller than "1" are required, facturer. ong to a single quality ere agreements must be reached with the zanuFore & DIN 2095 According to DIN 2076 Hound spring wire; dimensions, weights, permissible variations (applies also to epring wire of wrought copper alloys according to DIN 17662) DIN 1757 Wire of copper and wrought copper alloys, drawn; éizensions 501: riations ap for coil diameter of unloaded spring See Table 1. In drawings and in enquiry and order documents only the important coil ¢iazeter should be ented: The persinnibia variations epecified for Dy apply both to the corresponding In the case of springs working in a eleeve or on @ mandrel, it is recommended that the saall- est sleeve diameter or largest mandrel diameter also should be quoted. ameters Dj and Table 1. Persieeible variations Ap in am D, uatity erate 9 Woality grace 2 avove | to | 4 t08 hrbove 8 forove 14] 4to 8 rove 14 tod | to 20 220 0,68 1 | 20 £007 zo07| 201 | +016 20,1 1 16 | 2005 | +0,07 sor | £016 oz 16 25 | 2007 | £01 20,15 | £02 0,3 28 4 [201 | f02 202 | +026 | 204 208 4 83] ro1 | 2015 40.25] 203 | £ 206 | 206 63 10 | £015 $03 | 2035 | = zo06 | 07 10 16 | 2015 20,35 | 204 | = 207 708 16 25 | 202 zoas| 205 | 409 210 25 31,5 | $025 zos | 206 | + £10 £12 318 40 | 20,26 206 | 207 | 212 216 40 50 | £03 zag | s09 | 216 218 50 6s | 04 eno | aa | = 220 | £23 63. 80 | £05 siz pane [ ¢ 224 228 80 100 | 206 zip | tu7 | s30 | £35 100 125 | +0,7 sug | 222 | £ 237 244 125 160 | 209 223 [aa7 [ = 248 164 160 200 | #1,2 229 | 233 | = 26 £66 apes (ap: te + SHE) +8 The quantity ap can be found from Figures 4 and 5. The factor ke is obtainable from Figure 6 and the coefficient % from Table 2. Table 2. [cemie rade @ 1 0.63 2 noo} a | __t60 tee ap quantities apecified in Pigures 4 and 5 for aprings according to Figure 1_sppiy only to sorte (Ubich are segistane to buckling (eee also Section 5.7 and ales DIN 20s Sheet 1, Prelisinazy Standard).DIN 2095 Face 5 03 04 06 08 10 2 4 6.8 0 20 08 06: 0.4: a, in N——= o2- 0.2 on 0.08 0,06 0.04 0.02 0304 06 0819 2 ‘ Pigure 4. Quantity ay. Om Gated = leneth Influence of geometry and dinensions on variations of spri for wire @iameters fron 0.07 to 1.7 mm Ig is to be toleranced only in agreenent with Section 4.6. The permissible variation is ap: ke + @ ayo 2 2Pape 6 DIN 2095 30 20 1000: 800 600: 400 200. 100 60 40 a, in N—e 8 20: 10: Figure 5. Quantity oy Tnriuencs for wire diameters from 1.1 to 16 am wo 60 0 10 200 300 40 60 8 199 Dm in mm —= Figure 6. 1000 600 600 400 60 40 20 10 '¢ geometry and dimensions oa variations of spring force and spring length Pactor ke Influence of active coile on variations of spring force and spring lengthDIN 2095 age 7 4.5. Permissible variations e1_end_ep of Table 3. bearing. Quanity grade 1 2 3 Values should only be specified for ey and 2 (cf. Figure 1) 4f vital for the functioning of Variation ey 0,08Lo | 0,05 Lo | 0,08L5 the spring. of generating 2ine | (1,7°)° | (2,9°)° | (4,6°) froa the vertical Quality grade 1 can only be achieved with Raving a coll ratio w S12 end a elo ratio Variation e2 0,015D, | 0,03.D, | 0,06 D, fron paratiertes | (0,99) | (4,7°)" | (34°) Tag aan untiticn opecttioa | Proton cen eet Ime nunericel values of the quantities tmue 1 given opring force, nude Yale as a production margin ere to be correapoading Length of oman SEALS MMAEECIS GE ESAT as Hears | GREED ig! [fant De Don Ta the event of a production margin being Tho given epring forces | Lovlyand dor Sea tseeascaT marsar’otteas lo setevcectsa | it'etrewel sprite forint G ‘DIN 2089 Sheet 1, Preliminary Standard). oe Se! Se Testing 5.4._Static load testing The testing ried out on the spring in the upright position in the direction of loading. Tei recommended for this purpose that the given epring length I should be attained and the corresponding force F read off. Permissible variation in the force indication: +1 %. In the case of preset epringe it is essential in all cases that prior to static testing they should be compressed to the eolia length or to en agreed spring length; in the case of non preset springs compression to the minimum length occurring in service or during installation is performed. This length must be stated. Springs which ere not resistant to buckling ruary 1963 issue, pi ‘Figure 6) must be tested on a mandrel or in a sleeve, the diameters Of the mandrel of Sleeve and the test method being agreed. In general, the test load should be taken as the mean value of the measuring results obtained from twice loading and unloading. 5s2e Characteriatic The characteristic (force-deflection curve) calculated according to DIN 2089 Sheet 1 (Preliminary Standard) is a straight line for the helical compression spring. In prac~ ‘tice, the characteristic is not linear at the start and finish. If it is desired to test the spring rate c by determining thi apring characteristic, the testing rust be carried out in the range from 0.3 Fy to 0:7, Fp to make sure of covering the linear portion, Fa being astociated with the small- at permissible test length In. The apring rate c is therefore: Py | Fo Fa Te" 52> 83 where OF is the increase in force corre~ sponding to a reduction in length JL or to the increase in deflection As (see Figure 7). sa lenge , Preliminary Standard, Peb- Spring force F—m Testing to solid length Lpy shall be per forged with mot more than 1.5 times the the- oretical spring foree corresponding to the solid lenges 151. Any testing of solid length is to be a reed. Figure 7. Test disgranPage 8 DIN 2095 References to further standards DIN 1757 Wire of copper and wrought copper alloys, drawn; dimensions DIN 2076 Round spring wire; dimensions, weights, permissible variations DIN 2089 Sheet 1 (Preliminary Standard) Helical springs made of round wire and rod; calcu- Antion and design of compression springs DIN 2096 Helical springs made of round rod; quality specifications for compression springs quenched and tenpered after coiling DIN 2097 Helical apringe made of round wire; qua: springs DIN 2099 Gheet 1 Helical springs made of round wire and rod; data for compression springs; preprint DIN 17223 Sheet 1 Round spring ete Wire made of unalloyed oti DIN 17223 Sheet 2 ~; quenched and ti a epring wire and quenched and teapered valve epring wire sade of unalloyed steels DIN 17204 (Preliminary Standard) Stainless steel vire and strip for springs; quality speci- fications DIN 17225 (Preliminary Standard) High-temperature steels for springs DIN 17672 Sheet 1 Rod, bar and wire of copper and wrought copper alloys; strength properties ty epecifications for cold coiled tension wire, quality apecifications; patended drawn spring eis quality properties DIN 17672 Sheet 2 -; technical conditions of delivery DIN 17682 Round spring wire of wrought copper alloys; strength properties, technical condi- tions of delivery of the art, betveen the branches of Son springs. Tae per ediun quality gr® Length variations corresponding to quality grede 1 can be ing ordinary production facklities and applying the weasuring Springs of thie kind must be 100% tested and this entails increased expenditure in production. Quality lould therefore be specified ar preferred because thie quality grade can be guaranteed by adopt= perly orgaaised in-eanufacture epot teoting instead of 100% testing. Quality grade 2 vill usually yield the most favourable comt-quality Patio. ethods prevailing at tae pre Over an extended period of tine » Joint operation has been conducted for the investigation and statistical ‘Of variations in epring force ariaing 4m production. According to thie vork, the permissible ‘and P. The node of dependence Connection vin the apring rate between iible variations according to thie Standard aiffer from those of the earlier 1 designations 1, 2 and 3 bave therefore been newly introduced. In Line vith exteting basic etandarde the folloving formule systole have been azented: F Spring force (foreerly F), Lp, Sol4a 1 @ Deflection (forserly £)- tutory unit of force Nevton (MH) has eth (formerly Lp) and specified instead of the kilopond (ep). The (Conversion: exact 1 kp = 9.80665 Wt kp = 30 He sta compared vith the earlier Jenue are the nev provision of the detersination of Sq, Ap Purtter ander