ukxj 'kSyh
€€iYyo oa'k us nzfoM+ 'kSyh dks
€€ukxj 'kSyh fgeky; ls ysdj foaè;
ioZr rd ds {ks=kksa esa izpfyr FkhA
€€bl 'kSyh ds eafnj iapk;ru 'kSyh
esa cus gSaA
€€;s oxkZdkj@vk;rkdkj :i esa gksrs
gSaA
€€buesa xHkZx`g ds Åij oØjs[kh;
f'k[kj gks r k gS ftlds Åij
vkeyd vkSj dy'k gksrk gSA
€€blesa [kaHkksa rFkk Nrksa ij vfèkd
dkjhxjh gksrh gSA
€€ukxj 'kSyh ds eafnjksa esa tyk'k;
ugha gksrk gSA
ukxj 'kSyh dh {ks=kh; fo'ks"krk,¡
[ktqjkgksa lewg ds eafnj
€€buesa f'k[kj ds Åij NksVs&NksVs
f'k[kj mdsjs x, gSa ftUgas gh pV~Vku dks dkVdj cuk;k x;k
^m# Ük`ax* dgrs gSaA
€€;s eafnj iapk;ru 'kSyh esa cus gq, gSAa
€€buesa xHkZx`g eaMi vkSj ckjkenk
cuk, x, gSaA
€€;s dkeqd izfr:iksa ds fy;s izfl¼
gaS tks dkelw=k ls fy;s x, gSaA
€€mnkgj.k% [ktqjkgks fLFkr danfj;k
egknso dk eafnjA
mM+hlk lewg ds eafnj
€€le; dky& 8oha ls 13oha 'krkCnh
ds chpA
€€bles a ukxj 'kS y h dh lHkh
fo'ks"krk,a¡ gSaA
€€blesa f'k[kj dks ^nsmy* (Deul)
dgk tkrk gSA
€€blesa eaMi dks ^txeksgu* dgk
tkrk gSA
€€bl lewg ds eafnj oxkZdkj gaSA
lkFk gh] eafnj ds ckgj pkjnhokj
Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA
bl lewg ds eafnjksa ds mnkgj.k gS&a
1- txUUkkFk eafnj
os'kj 'kSyh
€€bldk fodkl 7oha – 8oha 'krkCnh
ds vkl&ikl gqvkA
€€bl 'kSyh ds ea fnj foaè;kpy ioZr ls
ysdj Ñ".kk unh rd ik, tkrs gSAa
€€blesa nzfofM+;u rFkk ukxj 'kSyh
nksuksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gaSA
€€bls pkyqD; ;k dukZVd 'kSyh Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
€€bldh vk/kj ;kstuk (Graund
Plan) ukxj 'kSyh dh rjg gSA
€€blds foeku esa uDdk'kh nzfofM+;u
'kSyh dh rjg gSA
Website: www.drishtiias.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/drishtithevisionfoundation
fo'ks"krk bldk foeku gSA
€€Hkxoku txUukFk dh ewfrZ ydM+h
dh cuh gqbZ gSA
€€11oha 'krkCnh esa iwohZ xaxoa'k ds
jktk vuaroeZu us bls ouok;kA
€€;g pkj èkkeksa esa ls ,d gSA
€€;g jFk ;k=kk (Ñ".k] oynso]
'kqHknzk) ds fy;s izfl¼ gSA
2- fyaxjkt eafnj (Hkqous'oj)
3- dks.kkdZ dk lw;Z eafnj
€€13oha 'krkCnh esa iwohZ xaxoa'k ds
'kkld ujflEgk izFke }kjk fuekZ.kA
€€bls ^CySd iSxksMk* Hkh dgrs gSaA
€€bldh nhokjks ij dkeqd izfr:iksa
dks mdsjk x;k gSA
€€bldk izos'k }kj xzsukbV iRFkj ls
cuk gSA
€€;g jFk ds vkdkj esa cuk gS]
ftlesa iRFkj ds 7 ?kksM+s rFkk 24
ifg;s cus gq, gSaA
€€;g ;wusLdks (UNESCO) dh
fo'o fojklr lwph esa 'kkfey gSA
if'peh Hkkjr ds eafnj
1- fnyokM+k dk tSu eafnj
€€;g ik¡p eafnjksa dk lewg gSA
€€f'kYidkjh vkSj Nrksa dh uDdk'kh
ds fy;s izfl¼ gSA
€€laxejej dk iz;ksx vfèkd gqvk gSA
€€bu eafnjksa esa fcey o'kkgh eafnj
izFke rhFkZadj dks lefiZr lcls
izkphu eafnj gSA
2- xqtjkr ds eks<sjk dk lw;Z eafnj
€€bls lksyadh oa'k ds jktk Hkhenso
izFke us 10oha 'krkCnh esa cuok;k
FkkA
€€;g lw;Z eafnj LFkkiR; dyk ,oa
f'kYi dk cstksM+ uewuk gSA
€€blesa dhfrZ rksj.k Hkh cuk gqvk gSA
€€blds lkeus lh<+huqek fo'kky VSad
(lw;Z dq.M) gSA
€€blesa eaMi vkSj foeku dks tksM+us
ekrZ.M lw;Z eafnj
ds fy;s varjky dk iz;ksx fd;k
x;k gSA (ukxj 'kSyh esa Hkh varjky
ns[kus dks feyrk gSA)
€€eafnj dh nhokjks]a Nrksa rFkk njok”kksa
€€;g Hkxoku lw;Z dks lefiZr gSA
ij csgrjhu uDdk'kh gSA
€€bl eafnj dk fuekZ.k (725&756
€€mnkgj.k% pkyqD; jktkvksa }kj cuok,
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fo:ik{kk ea fnj vkSj ,yksjk dk jkes'oj
€€eafnj ds iwohZ fdukjs ij eq[;
xqiQk ea fnj (4 Hkqtkvksa okys uR̀; djrs
f'ko) Ikz eq[k gSAa
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641, First Floor, Mukherjee
Contact- 87501 87501
xqQk eafnj nzfoM+ 'kSyh
xqiQk eafnj& ;s rhu vyx&vyx pj.kksa esa cusa% • ;gk¡ Hkxoku f'ko ds v¼Zukjh'oj vkSj gfjgj vorkj dh uDdkf'k;k¡a tUe fn;kA iYyo 'kkldksa }kjk • izkphu eafnjksa esa f'k[kjksa dk
1- bZlk iwoZ rhljh lnh ls nwljh lnh bZLoh rd& dh xbZ gSaA iRFkj fpuokdj vkSj pV~Vku iw.kZr;k fodflr :i ge bl
dkVdj cuok, x, ea f nj eafnj ds foeku esa ikrs gSaA
€€ckS¼] tSu rFkk vkthod xqiQk,¡ fcgkj ds ckjkcj es a cukbZ xbZ FkhaA • Hkxoku f'ko ds rkaMo u`R; djrs gq, uVjkt vorkj dh uDdk'kh Hkh
okLrqdyk ds 'kkunkj uewus gaSA • blds [kaHks okys gkWy vkSj
€€Hkktk] vtark] dUgsjh (;g ckS¼ksa dk pSR; gS) vkSj ukfld dk xqiQk dh xbZ gSA
pV~Vkuksa dks dkVdj cuok, x, eafnj& dkjhxjh pksy dyk ds lqna j uewus gSAa
eafnj (egkjk"Vª)A • efg"kklqjefnZfu rFkk x.kifr vkSj f'kofyaxe dh ewfrZ;k¡ Hkh cukbZ xbZ gaAS
€€mn;fxjh rFkk [kaMfxjh dh tSu xqiQk,¡ vksfM'kk esa gSaA gkFkhxqEiQk €€egkcfyiqje ds eaMi iRFkjksa dks • blds ,d gkWy esa Hkjreqfu ds
• Hkxoku fo".kq dk ujflag vorkj Hkh fn[kk;k x;k gSA ukV~;'kkL=k esa of.kZr fofHkUu
f'kykys[k esa budk o.kZu ^dqekjh ioZr* ds :i esa vkrk gSA dkVdj cuk, x, cM+s dejs gSa]
3- 7oha lnh ls 10oha lnh bZLoh rd& buesa dkjhxjh ls ;qDr [kaHks vkSj eqnzkvksa dk fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
2- ik¡poha lnh bZLoh ls 7oha lnh bZLoh rd& €€bl dky ds xqiQk eafnj eqacbZ ds fudV ,yhiQsaVk vkSj ,yksjk esa gSaA nzfoM+ 'kSyh (fot;uxj dyk)
iSuy yxs gSaA
€€egkjk"Vª vkSj vkSjaxkckn ds vtark vkSj ,syksjk xqiQk eafnjA €€,yhiQsaVk dh xqiQkvksa esa f=kewfrZ (czEgk] fo".kq] egs'k) uke dh HkO; €€bls egsanz oeZu }kjk cuok;k x;kA €€16oha 'krkCnh ds vkl&ikl bldk
ewfrZ gSA bls jk"VªdwV jktkvksa }kjk cuok;k x;k FkkA
€€vtark dh xqiQk,¡a (27 xqiQk,¡) Nr rFkk nhokjksa ij cus fHkfÙk fp=kksa €€egkcfyiqje ¶xaxkorj.k¸ uke dh fodkl gqvkA
€€psUubZ ds fudV egkcyhiqje ds xqiQk eafnj bl dky esa cuok, x,
ds fy;s fo[;kr gSaA bu fp=kksa esa cq¼ rFkk muds thou dh tkrd pV~ V ku dkVdj cuk;k x;k €€bl le; gEih dks fot;uxj lkezkT;
dFkk,a¡ fpf=kr dh xbZ gaSA izeq[k eafnj gaSA
vuks[kk Lekjd gS] xaxk dks /jrh dh jkt/kuh cuk;k x;k FkkA
€€,yksjk xqiQk eafnj (yxHkx 35 xqiQk,¡) esa fganw nsoekyk dh ukVdh; €€,yksjk dk dSyk'k eafnj jk"VªdVw jktkvksa }kjk cuok;k x;k FkkA ;g nzfoM+ ij ykus ds fy;s jktk HkkxhjFk
€€bl le; Ñ".knsojk; eq[; 'kkld FksA
?kVukvksa dks f'kfYi;ksa }kjk vej cuk fn;k x;k gSA 'kSyh dh rjg cuk gqvk gSA ;g eafnj 'kkgl vkSj izse dk ifjp; nsrk }kjk dh xbZ riL;k bl iSuy dk
€€fot;uxj ds eafnj f'kYi dyk esa
€€cknkeh xqiQk eafnj dukZVd
gSA fo"k; gSA
Hkh cgqr mPp dksfV ds Fks] blesa
€€egkcfyiqje dk jFk eafnj] ,d
eafnjksa ds [kaHkksa dks ?kksM+ksa rFkk
gkfFk;ksa ds vkdkj esa mdsjk tkrk
gSA bu jFkksa dk uke ikaMoksa ds
gS ftls ^;kyh* (Yali) dgrs gSaA
uke ij gSA
€€bl le; xksiqje cgqr Å¡ps cuk,s
fpukbZ ls cuk, x, eafnj&
tkrs Fks (bUgs jk; xksiqje Hkh dgrs
€€egkcfyiqje dk leqnz rV dk
iky ea fnj 'kSyh eafnj% ;gk¡ rhu eafnj gSa& chp esa
gSa)A bl le; fcuk ewfrZ ds gkWyksa
(èkeZfujis{k Nfo) dk fuekZ.k Hkh
Hkxoku fo".kq dk eafnj vkSj mlds
nksuksa rjiQ f'ko ds eafnj gSaA djk;k x;k Fkk] tSls yksVl egyA
€€caxky {ks=k esa 8oha vkSj 12oha 'krkCnh
€€dSyk'kukFk eafnj ,d lqanj foeku €€u`R; vkSj lHkk ds fy;s [kqys eaMi
ds chp bldk fodkl gqvkA
ls ;qDr gS] blesa uVjkt :ih f'ko cuk, x, Fks] tSls& ysik{kh dk
€€iky jktoa'k vkSj lsu jktoa'k }kjk
ds fp=k mdsjs x, gSaA u`R; gky vkSj fLox eaMi rFkk
bls laj{k.k fn;k x;kA osYyksj dk lHkk gkWyA
€€oSdqaBis:ey eafnj] Hkxoku fo".kq
€€blesa Nrsa oØkdkj Fkha] lkFk gh Nrksa €€fot;uxj ^egkuoeh fMCck*
dks lefiZr gSA ;g eafnj vius
ij vkeyd tSlk f'k[kj Hkh FkkA foeku vkSj iYyooa'k ds bfrgkl (,d pkSd lajpuk] ftlesa ?kksM+ksa]
€€bl 'kSyh esa iDdh b±Vksa dk b'rseky dk fp=k.k djus okys iSuyksa ds gkfFk;ksa vkSj lSfudksa dh uDdklh
gqvk FkkA dkj.k fo[;kr gSA
gS) ds fy;s Izkfl¼ gSA
nzfoM+ 'kSyh (pksy oa'k)
€€mnkgj.k% cjkdj esa fl¼s'oj egknso €€nzfoM+ 'kSyh dh fot;uxj dyk
eafnj €€iYyoksa dh eafnj fuekZ.k 'kSyh dks ds gtkjk eafnj vkSj fcV~By Lokeh
pksy jktkvksa us pje ij igq¡pk;k] eafnj (Ñ".knsojk;) izeq[k gaSA
Hkkjrh; eafnj LFkkiR; 'kSyh ftuds dky esa nzfoM+ 'kSyh ds
nzfoM+ 'kSyh (uk;d dyk)
fo'kkydk; eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k
€€nzfoM+ 'kSyh dh ijkdk"Bk enqjS ds
gqvkA pksy jktkvksa dh jkt/kuh
uk;d 'kkldksa ds dky (17oha
ratkoqj (rfeyukMq) FkhA
'krkCnh) esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA
€€eafnj Å¡ph pkj nhokjh ls f?kjs
bUgksaus ikaM~; 'kkldksa dh bekjr
gksrs FksA eafnj ds Izkos'k }kjk dks 'kSyh vkSj rduhd dks tkjh j[kk
^xksiqje* dgk tkrk FkkA
vkSj mlesa lq/kj Hkh fd;sA
€€eafnjksa ds f'k[kj dks foeku dgk
€€blesa xksiqje dks ”;knk vkd"kZd
tkrk FkkA
vkSj Å¡pk cuk;k tkrk FkkA
€€xHkZx`g ds izos'k }kjk ij }kjiky]
vU; gks;lky 'kSyh feFkqu vkSj ;{k dh ewfrZ;k¡ gksrh €€xHkZx`g ds foekuksa dh Å¡pkbZ
èkhjs&/hjs de gksrh xbZA
Fkha A ea f nj ifjlj ds Hkhrj
bZ L oh ds le; tfVy ,oa csgrjhu uDdk'kh dh €€bl le; dh eq[; fo'ks"krk
€€}kjeaMi rFkk eafnj ds LraHkksa dh €€1050&1300 tyk'k; gksrk FkkA
dukVZd esa eSlwj ds ikl bldk xbZ FkhA €€xHkZx`g oxkZdkj ;k v"Vdks.kh; ^izdkje* fodflr gks pqdh Fkh]
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tEew vkSj d'ehj jkT; ds okLrq 'kSyh jkse dh ^Mksfjd 'kSyh*
fodkl gqvkA gksrk FkkA tks eafnj ds xHkZx`g ds vkl&ikl
vuarukx f”kys esa fLFkr ,d ls feyrh tqyrh gSA €€eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k eqyk;e cyqvk
€€mnkgj.k ds :i esa& pksy oa'k ds ds ckgjh Hkkx dks vkil esa tksM+us
izkphu eafnj gSA €€eafnj dh vk/kjHkwr lajpuk esa iRFkj ls gqvk FkkA
€€blds LraHkksa esa xzhd lajpuk dk okyk xfy;kjk FkkA izdkje dk
dbZ dks.k cuk, x, FksA €€eafnjksa dh nhokjsa f”kx&”kSx iSVuZ
izrkih jktk jktjktk izFke us ratkSj
bLrseky gqvk FkkA esa 1010 bZ- esa fo'kky o`gns'oj lcls vPNk mnkgj.k jes'oje esa
€€;s rkjs ds vkdkj (Star esa FkhaA
€€;g eafnj d'ehjh okLrqdyk dk eafnj dk fuekZ.k djk;k& ns[k ldrs gSaA
bZ-) yfyrkfnR; eqDrkihM }kjk grounded) esa cus FksA €€mnkgj.k% ps U Ukds ' ko ea f nj
mRÑ"V uewuk gS] ftlesa xka/kj] • ;g eafnj ;wuLs dks (UNESCO) €€nzfoM+ 'kSyh dh uk;d dyk esa
djok;k x;k FkkA €€eafnj dh vkarfjd ,oa cká (cs y w j )] gks ; lys ' oj ea f nj
dh fo'o fojkLkr lwph esa 'kkfey enqjS dk ehuk{kh eafnj (ikoZrh)
xqIr] phuh] jkseu] lhfj;u&cStVa kbu nhokjksa ij rFkk nsorkvksa }kjk gsfyfcMq (dukZVd)] ds'ko eafnj
gSA vkSj lqna js'oj eafnj (f'ko) izfl¼
vkSj xzhd 'kSyh dks fefJr fd;k èkkj.k fd;s x, vkHkw"k.kksa ij (lkseukFk iqjk)A
izos'k }kjk gSA • bl eafnj dh lcls izeq[k gaSA
x;k FkkA
izo's k Delhi-09
Nagar, }kjksa ij ^esgjkc* cusa s gSAa uksV% mÙkj Hkkjr esa nzfoM+ 'kSyh dk ,dek=k eafnj Xokfy;j fLFkr ^rsyh dk eafnj* gSA
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