Optical Power Debugging

in the DWDM System

 Reference Points in the DWDM System

So OTS Si So OTS Si

So OMS Si

OAC So So OCH Si Si OAC

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 Basic Knowledge

n Optical Power Unit

l mW (Milliwatt)
n Commonly used optical power unit
l dBm (Decibel for milliwatt)
n Optical power unit for the easy calculation
l dB (Decebel)
n Value for the optical power increased or decreased

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 Basic Knowledge

n Relationship between mW and dBm

l A(dBm)=10lgA(mW)
l B(mW)=10B/10(dBm)

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Contents

n Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

n Basic Formulas
n Optical Power Calculation
n Examples

5
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n We have 3 Purposes:

n 1. Make each channel has the same the optical power in the
transmission.

n 2. Make the OA working in the Best State.

n 3. Make the OTUR working in the Best State.

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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n Make each channel has the same optical power in the

transmission.
l In the transmission, the output power from OA cannot be as high as we want,
so the limited optical power should be allotted to each channel equally. After
demultiplexing, each receiver can get the same optical power.

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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n Continue:

If in the receiving
end: Over loading

OTU
O
D Client
Side
U
OTU

Under sensitivity

n Control the difference between any two waves to less than 3dB.
The less difference the better.
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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n Make the OA working in the Best State.

OA has three working state:

Over-Saturated State;

Saturated State; ----This is the best working state.

Under-Saturated State;

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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n Make the OTU OCH input port working in the Best State.
n OTU board OCH side receiver power:

PIN APD
10G 0~-14dBm -9~-21dBm
Best: -6dBm Best: -12dBm
-15~0 dbm
100G Best: -6dbm

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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n OTU OCH Output Power:

l 10G
n OTU or OTUG (EA or LD)=--5~ +3dBm

l 100G
n OTU or OTUG = -5~ +3dBm

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 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

n OTU 100G OAC input and output power

Interface
Average output power（dBm）Receiver sensitivity（dBm）
standard

100Gbase-LR4 Single path ：-4.3~4.5 Single path ：-8.6 PIN

100Gbase-LR10 Single path ：-8.2~0.5 Single path ：-12.6 PIN

100Gbase-ER4 Single path ：-2.9~2.9 Single path ：-21.4 APD

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Contents

n Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

n Basic Formulas
n Optical Power Calculation
n Examples

13
 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 1: P λ1 P λ2 P λ3 P λN

PN=Pλ1+Pλ2+Pλ3+…+PλN (mW)

PN=P1+P1+P1+…+P1 (mW) Because Pλ1=Pλ2=…=PλN =

P1
=N×P1 (mW)
10lgPN=10lg(N×P1)
=10lgN+10lgP1 Because 10lgPN (mW) =PN (dBm)
PN=10lgN+P1 10lgP1 (mW) =P1 (dBm)

PN=10lgN+P1 (dBm)
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 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 2:

Pin O O Pout
Pout Pin
M D
Suspende
d U U

IL (Insertion Loss) IL (Insertion Loss)

Pout=Pin/IL (mw)
10lgPout=10lgPin-10lgIL Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
Pout=Pin-IL (dBm)

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 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation

Formula 3:

Pin Pout
OA

G (Gain)

Pout=Pin×G (mw)
10lgPout=10lgPin+10lgG Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)

Pout=Pin+G (dBm)

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Contents

n Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

n Basic Formulas
n Optical Power Calculation
n Examples

17
 Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm PIN

ch1 ch1
2220 2520
OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

n The Maximum Capacity of this DWDM system is 10G╳40Chs.

n Now, there are only five channels in this system.
n Question:
n Where and what attenuation the attenuators should be added in the system?
n lg32=1.5, lg5=0.7
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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

-3dBm PIN

ch1 ch1
2220 2520
OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

1. Before OMU: Optical power for each channel is the

same.
2. Before OA: OA works in the best state.

3. Before OTUR: Receiver works in the best state.

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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520
OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2)
=-3-7
=-10(dBm)

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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P40out=P1out+10lg40 (Formula 1) ② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)

P1in=P1out-G
P1out=P40out-10lg40
=4-22
=20-16 =-18(dBm)
=4(dBm)
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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOMUPInOBA

Attenuation=P1outOMU-P1inOBA
=-10-(-18)
=8(dB)
Before OBA: 8 dB attenuation

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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520
OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOBA PAfter Line

PAfter Line=P1outOBA-Line Loss

=4-20
=-16(dBm)

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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P40out=P1out+10lg40 (Formula 1) ② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)

P1in=P1out-G
P1out=P40out-10lg40
=4-25
=20-16 =-21(dBm)
=4(dBm)

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 Basic Optical Power Calculation
PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PAfter LinePInOPA

Attenuation=PAfter Line-P1inOPA
=-16-(-21)
=5(dB)
Before OPA: 5 dB attenuation
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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2)
P1in=P1out+IL
=-6+7
=1(dBm)
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 Basic Optical Power Calculation

PIN
-3dBm

ch1 ch1
2220 2520

OMU40

ODU40
Input ┇ ┇ Output
ch5 ch5
Line loss = 20dB
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOPA PinOMU

Attenuation=P1outOPA-P1inOMU
=4-1
=3(dB)
Before ODU: 3 dB attenuation

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 Question?

n Just now, we use one channel optical power in the attenuation

calculation.

What happened if we use 5 channels or 32 channels optical

power in the calculation?

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Contents

n Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

n Basic Formulas
n Optical Power Calculation
n Examples

29
 Example : OAD Card Power Debugging
8dB
PM1=3dBm
M1 M2
PM2 =-5dBm 10G ╳40Chs
SOAD4 Card

IL=1 IL=1

In IL=3 Out
IL=3 Pout = -6dBm
Pin=4dBm
OAD4
Drop Add

PD = 1dBm
5dB

PPIN=-6dBm Pout=-3dBm

Lg40=1.6
OTU

OTU

PIN

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 Example : ODU & VMUX Card Power Debugging

n For back to back OADM site, use ODU and OMU/VMUX path through
wavelength. 10G ╳40Chs
ODU VMUX

1dB
In Out
PPIN =-2dBm IL=6db Pout = -9dBm
IL=6db
Pin=4dBm

Add
Drop
PD = -2dBm
4dB
PPIN =-6dBm Pout=-3dBm

OTU
OTU

Lg40=1.6
PIN

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Thank you