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    29 views240 pages

    HARVEY - 1996 - Justice Nature and The Geography of Difference

    Uploaded by

    Rodrigo Torres Almeida

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 240
    This book enaazes with the polities of social and environmental justice. and seeks new ways to think about the future of urbanization inthe twenty-first Century. Tt establishes foundational coneepts for understanding how space, time, place ard natare~ the material frames of daily life ave constituted and represented through socal practices, not as separate elements but in relation to cachother,Itdescribes how geographical differences are produced, and shows hhow ther then become fundamental to the exploration of politcal, economic and ecological altenatves to contemporary lit. “The book is divided into fur pats, Part I describes theprblematic nature of action and analysis at different scales of time and space, and introraes the reader to the modes of dialectical thinking and discourse which are used throughvut the remainder of the work, Port I examines how “nature” and “environment” have been understood and valued in relation to processes of social change and seeks, from this basis, to make sense of contemporary ‘environmental ise, at Ill in wide ranging discussion of history, geography and culture, explores the meaning ofthe social “production” of space and time, and clarifies problems related to “atherness” and “lilference”. The final part ofthe book deploys the foundational arguments the author has established to consider cantemporary problem af social justice that have resulted fom cece changes in geographical divisions oflabor, in the envionment, and in the pace and quliy of wbanization “Jastce, Nature and the Geography of Difference speaks toa wide readership of students of social, cultural and spatial theory and of the dynamics of ‘contemporary life, Its » convincing demonstration that tis both possible and necessary t0 vale difference and to seck aust socal order. Justice, Nature & the Geography of Difference | KEAIOH | Joleyiq Jo AUdOIB085) pg SINJON ‘eousne David Harvey is Professor of Geography atthe Johns Hopkins University From 1987-1993 he was Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography at Osxford University. He received the Outstanding Contributor Award from the Association of American Geographers in 19805 the Anders Revins Gold Medal from the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geosraphy in 1989s the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1995, and the ‘Voautrin Lud Prize in France i the same year. His books include Explanation in Geography (1969); Social Justice and the City (1973, new edition 1988)"; The Limits 0 Capital (1982)*; The Urban Experience (1988)*, and The Condition of Postrodernity (1989)". "Published by Blackwell Cor imi se tyes Hag Hen Pt Chip Yo ion Brive David Harvey , TPES olaihe/aboas PBSLACKWELL | | | Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference fir Pelfina Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference David Harvey BLACKWELL Copyighe ® David Have 1996 “he ght of David Harney te iden ahr his work as been ase inane with th Cope De Pn ho 18 ine puoi 1996 2AGE WoT S54 Bledel Publier Ie 238 Main Sa Cumboige, Machen 242 USA ‘Baal Plies a 108 Comey Road Oxon OX JE UK Alig seed, ergot gan of sh peng fe ppc af i seen spr af hap a ees so er po one {any fo: by any means, rani, porepyeg ing oor hou he pie pean fh aloes ‘Sucy iat Unie Sas of America tisbok wi subg thevi ht eal ee bray af ede aresherie, be le, seal oun, shen ocr who tbe ters ro conses nay fem abiding oc es than hat nw phd snl wihout a imi coodon ice dn conn ting ingen on he sepa picaser eof Con Can i Pain Date sy, Daiy 1935 Jess na, ah eran ifeacsDarl Hare fe Indie big eonce sd nds ISBN 1.55740 ale pp) — ISBN 195796481. ph ale pape) 1 Sol tie, 2. Soul change, Soc alae 4 Gla avon came, Cua len 6, Space ad tie. Tie BNataHa6 18 aoas72-aaa 96961 cw But iow Calpine Paces Dat [AG ctsegue rete hic bk valle om che Bish Liney “Type 1 0912p aria Prada Gest Brain by Hana Lin, Bodin, acai This books peed emai Fe paper PARTI PART I PART Itt 9 10 "1 PARTIV 2 3 “4 Contents “Thoughts fora Prologue Acknowledgments Tawoduetion ORIENTATIONS Militant Parcicularism and Global Ambition Dialoctice The Laibnizian Conesit ‘The DialesticsoE Discourse. Fintorical Agency and the Loci of Social Change THE NATURE OF ENVIRONMENT Pare I Prologue « The Domination of Navate snd is Discontents Valuing Nature = trove c 8) eb The Dialecties of Social and Eavioncoetal Change ‘SPACE, TIME, AND PLACE Pact Il Prologue The Social Construction of Space and Time The Currency of Space-Time From Space to Place and Back Again JUSTICE, DIEFERENCE, AND POLITICS Pare IV Prologue ‘Class Relasions, Social Justice, and the Political Geography of Dierence ‘The Environment of Justice Possible Urban Worlds v 46 9 77 ny 120 150 176 207 21D 248, 291 329 334 366 403 vi Contents "Thoughts for an Bplogue 489 Bibliography 440 Thoughts for a Prologue Index 456 Here is « map of ous country: haere is che Sea of Indifference, glazed with salt This is che haunted sivce flowing from brow to groin wwe dare nor taste its water "This ie the desere where missiles ae planted like corms “This is the breadbasket of foreclosed farms This isthe birchplace of the rockabilly boy This i the cemetery ofthe poor who died for democracy hiss 2 baulefietd from a nineteenth-centary war the skzine is famous ‘This is te sea-town of mych and story when the fishing fleets ‘went bankrupt hete is where the jobs were on the pier processing frozen fishsicks hourly wages and no shares ‘These are ocher batedelds Centralia Detroit here ate the forests primeval the copper the silver lodes “These are the suburbs of acquiescence silence rising famelike from the streets This isthe capital of money and dolor whose spires fae up through air inversions whose bridges are crumbling, whose children ate drifting blind alleys pent becween coiled ras of rarar wire promised to show you 2 map you say b then yes lec itbe these are small distinct where do we see it from isthe question his iva ur Adcienne Rich An Atlas of she Difficde World ‘Acknowledgments ‘The lines ftom ‘An Atlas of the Diffcn's World,” from An Aular ofthe Difficult World: Poems 1988-1991 by Advienne Rich. Copyright @ 1991 by Adrienne Rich Reprinted wih pemision of heanorand WH! Norn & Company, Introduction In recent years T have frequently found myself speaking 2t conferences on “plobalization.” The conlerence at Duke University in November, 1994, was by far the most interesting. Ie brought together diverse people not only from ‘many disciplines and walls of life but also from soany different countries. Ie wwasa welcome change co listen to academics, activists, and representatives from the arts from countries like South Korea, China, India, Russia, and Egypt as opposed co the eather sepetitive and sterile discussions of globalization (increasingly dubbed by cynics “plobaloney”) chat all too often occur in university secsings in the United States or Europe. But the atmosphere of the conference war frequently tense and arguments often hard 0 follow, ilhwtraive of the invoads thar hypercical currents of thought like ponstructuralism, postmodernism, deconstruction, and the like have made throughout the world. ‘But what uly tendered the eccasion memorable for me was my stayin the (Omni Hlotel in Durham, North Carolina. The hotel was full of families — of very distincsve sore. The men wore either slightly baggy suits, or blazers axd ‘annels, usualy embellished with ajlly necktie. The childzen were remarkably well behaved, the hoys typically dressed in blazers and fannels and che gitls forthe most part in filly dresses. And the women all wore ankle-length dresses and, most distinctive of all, had long hair, the only permsisible deviation apparently being ro loop it up ica a bun, This was definitely not Levi, Calvin Klein of even Benetton territory (though Laura Ashley coul! have nade it) = rota pair of jeans in sight, And everyone was remarkably fiienly, bestowing. beaming “hellos’ and “ood days" ro obvious deviants from the sartorial norm ssuch as myself [was curious enough t0 follow this distinctive crowed whither ie was headed and soon found myelin the mids ofthe Southeasten Regional Meeting of Bvangelical Penrecottal Preachers. Iwas intrigued enough w stay. An evening, of participant observation taught me lot. I could not help contrasting, for sample, che incredible enthusiasm, joy, and vigor of the Pentecostal mecting, 2 Introduesion vith the angst and compedcive rension a he globalization confetence. While the Pentecostal meeting was very much led from the front by white male preachers (no concern lees to balance the program according to criteria of gender or race), the levels and deptee of enthusiastic audience parccipation ‘were cxtcaordiarly highs, compared tothe heard-it-all-hefare inceedlity and reseneful pasivny of the campus audience. Furthermore for the Pentecostal, it was an orchestration of emotions and passions rather than of intellect that ‘was being sough and the ends and objectives of the ofchestration were clear wondered what the parallel objecive of the globalization conference might be. I hada hard time finding any strong or coherent answer to that question, The preacher who opened the ceremonies that evening did sa with che following invocation. “Fhrough these four days,” he said, "we have come to tundetstand the foundational beliefe dhat keep us firmly on the rock.” Foundational belief! | wondered what on earth would happen if started to talk about foundarional beliefs in che glabaliation conference. The decon- structionists would gp ro work with icy precision, the elaivists would calously sneer the eitical cheorsts would rub their hands and say “this simaply will not ddo® and che pomodernists would exclaim “what a dinosaur!” And I myselE agree that al foundational beliefs should be serutinized and questioned, But whac coubled me was the thought thae when a pelitcal group armed wich svong and unambiguous foundational belie conironts a bunch of douhting, Thomases whose only foundational bli is skepticixn towards all foundational beliefs, chen i is racher easy to predice who will win, Which led me to the following reflection: the task of critical analysis is not, surely, to prove che impossibility of foundational balef (or truths), but co find a more plausible and adequate bass for the foundational belief chat make ineeepretation and politcal action meaningful, creative, and possible. In this book, I cry co define a set of workable fonndational concepts for understanding space-time, place and environment (nature). The critical search for such foundational concept is, of course, no trivial or easy task, I requires nothing shore of establishing 4 metaphysical basis for enquiry. But it is dangerous in academia these day ro confess to being meta about anything, for to do so is ro suggest a longing for something myrtcally outside of us (ot Sometimes within us) o which we can appeal co stabilize the food of chaotic images, ephemeral representations, contorted postionings, and multiple ragmentations of knowledge within which we now have ouf collective heing, [Burt metaphysics in its traditionel sense is precisely abou the kine of ertical enquiry that allows for che fee interplay of passions, emotions, rationality, and intellect racher than their restricive compartmentalizations. That balance is ‘not always easy co strike. If, for example, the Pencecostals were unduly high ‘on charged emotions anc the collective orchestration af passions and desires for highly restrictive ends, chen we academics surely er in being far too highly captivated by the cecal and highly disciplined (in every sase, both posivve Insraduction 3 and nga of thar wad quali of ow on individ profeonlly Soe gente, and fen egal driven enterprises, Metaphysics 3 is ao sea gener princes to undttand but never epee the cident complexity of physical loi and soc ie, Eng of this ont sever cay ping an during the wring of as book Ihave on found mys Too forthe cay ples of ith of the Pentcnta the cere of postive or the abst of dogmatic Mann ‘As the evening withthe Penecxals Woon was 4 ery par pl fargt forthe ocean. And tha get was Tic The blod of Je it war sl, wll wach saya sign of race Sto Racal diminish wen cnroabar tothe egpasion ofits pow andin the is of cxrsrdnary cnet ahr ther pretchetexorel te asembled white o enbrace ther black been wir oy mil and undasaning Ando wa hat an aene an the content ofthe US south woud bc dol hough Bole orci Inerson came to erbrace (on the suc ac lest) not only the black Drtren presen ra the de of al euliy nthe eer ofthe eh thdefthe Lard. Now happen bein favor lose ayn hee the door, degrading sn diting graces of rim in he United Stas and i cera eee ome that mem ave Ban scoped on tat score in one fvning of Benes pesching han in eve decees of Efpsrie pid nny oom niverty oe ofaiematve action, Thete was, fowers ¢ hth bil as, appandy, to teide somewhere and the

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