NC Mo tio n Control

Work Part
• Definf ng the Tool Position and Tool Path with respect to
syst em mainly
1.. Point-to-Point (PTP) Control ➔ also known as positioning
used for drilling, spot welding
ting etc for straight
2. Straight cut Control ➔ For milling, seam welding, pain
path ➔ rectangular jobs

3. Contouring Control (Continuous Path Control) ➔ For

milling, seam welding,

painting etc for complex and different contours

 07J US ho E>rlliN,ICM"MdC~ (X,Y,.A,1.%,1,J,IC.Q,P.a.L,,)
Mill G Codes
074 Rt-tt'f'M T ~ CaMld C,-o. (X.Y,A,8,Z,J , •.'-,r)
GOO Sbpid ~ HoUon (X, Y, Z. A, 8)
Q16 f\lle ~ ~ ~ c•.v.A.o.x.1.1.•,Q.•.l.,,
G0I Unur lnterpol1tion HctiOn (X,Y.l,A,0,F)
an r.tadl ncn CMw.s C'f'd.e ~.Y .A, e.z.,.,.Q.•.L.r l
G02 Orc:uw tnt.nl)0l.ltlon Motion C\'V (X, v. Z,A.l,J,K,R, F) cao• ~ d C-www4 (\r(le (fAt~ ~)

G0l Circul¥ 1.nt.:ffp(UUon Motion CCW (X,Y,Z,A,l,J,K,R,F) Gil Dra c.ttwdCydt (J.Y,,.,o.z.R,L,f)

Dwell (P) (P•Sc,c:onch•. • HJlU(l)l\dS) GU Sp« DrlS / ( D u n t ~ ~ Cyce (X • 'f • A, 0 • l •••I ,'-•,)
G04
GU '-<11 Drt2 Dw;>UrM C&¥4d C-,-0. (.(,Y,A,B , l.t.>, ... Q.P,Q , l,r)
GO? Ex..ACt St®, t~H~I
014 T • ~ C..tr4d C.,de {l(.T , ,.,0, z.1.a,l,f)
017• Om,lar He>lion X'f PUne Stltttion (G02 er G0l) c.n ll,otw In• &ire C>.i1 u ~ C-~ {1t, Y ,A ,O,l. ~, L.f)
Ot0.1LV Hollon ZX P14no ~~cUon (G02 or GOl) Gll6 ~In-~-~ ~c~ (f(le ('(,Y,A.,C,l,~.1..,,
GIO
019 Clra.,lar HaUon Yl Plana SokcUcn (G02 or GO)) C!IJ Oct-I I n • ~ ltrtrsd ~ "°' ('Jl:,"t,A,n,z,ll,l,r)
aao Core ln- C>Mll • H ~ a._.trKJ C¥"9dC~ lX, l',A,0,2,P, " .l, F)
020 Inch eoordiNto PolJUOnl.ng
GU Oet• In• 0-...S • Ciot-e OJl ~ C',t1e t, ~v,1..0,1.~ ••. l,f)
021 Htlric Coot~n1lo Po\ltlon!NJ c,o• ~~ - ~ N , 1 CA:ff-.n-ol.l'd

028 HachJno Ztro Rctum ThN ~f. Point (X, Y,Z,A,O) GfJ1 lllcnmitlltal ~n-, ~

Move to toaUon ~~ Gl8 R.cf. Potnt (X, Y.Z,A,8) G?2 G~I Wcr1r ~ • SY1Uffi
029
G?l lnYl-"S• Timar<-edH.oGeOU
0,,40• CuUt1' ec.-np C4nce1 Gtl/G-42/Gt•U (X, Y)
G?-4 ltM™' T'.mia r ~ orr , r "4 ~ K.-..u o,,
G41 20 Cuttu~t\~ . Left (X,Y,0) G?tl CanMd C-,<2,e tr.nai ~ l.ftJl"I\
G-12 20 Cuttet CompenuUon, Right (X, Y,0) G?? CA:Mtde)deA~~

GO Tool Lcn9th Cc~nf.4.tiein + (ft, Z)

G4?• Tool lcn¢h Ccmpcns.llton <Ancel GO/G44/G4l
GS2 Wo1k O~at ~ icnll'\g Coofd;nato
GS] ,~no P~tklrl.ng Coordin.1ta. r-:on ·Mod4J (X, V, Z, A, 0)
G54• Work orr~ ~tlctllng Coo«s;n-,ta U (~ Uing S6)

GSS Wort OJrurt POl.itlon'in.Q ~ to f 2

G56 \'/or1( Offr.,-d ~or.it'IQ ~ t a • l
GS7 Work O""-t Pmrucning Coonf.nato f 4
GSO \ 1/orlc Offs.~ ~ 9 Coord;n.lto IS
GS9 Wont Of'fut Poi.ition~ Coot'd:n.ate 16
Mill M Codes
MOO Program ~

HOl ~ Program Stop

H02 Pro§;ram End
HOJ Spindle ON Ooclr:ft\se (S)
H04 Spindla ON ~ i s e (S))
HOS Spindle SttQ
H06 Tool Ch.Inge (T)
HOS
M09 Cool.Int OFF
HlO Program End and Rnft
Mll O'lip Auger Foe wwanS
Hll O.p Auger Smp
Ml4 Coot.,nt Spigot Posa~ Ocwn. lnacme nt
MlS C00bnt Spigot Postticn Up. Ocacm e!\t
Ml6 PAlltt PMt Re~
H4 l Spincle low Ge.v Ottnidl l
M42 Spindle tflgh ~a_r ~
MS0 ~Pa:! deha nge
MBJ Auto Alr let ~'f
HS4 Auto Alr let Off
HSS Coolant ~ h Sp~ °'..
M97 l.0Cnl Sub-Plo gnm ~ (P. L)
M98 Sut,.Pro w:rn ~ (P • l}
M99 Sub•Progf3ffi / Routine llt:bJm of Loe;, (P)
~ I I NC which have mouv o•"''"' .. .
erent In convent ona
• Number of problems in ts In the basic NC system
tool builders to seek !mprovemen C vent1on al NC machin e tool are
• Some of the problems encountere d➔rn
istakes
on, an be either syntax or nurn encd l
m1sta <es c g steps (m ainly in manu al part
.
1. Part programming m ' cess1n
errors, selection of best sequence o, pro .
ds and feeds ➔ control syste m does not prov1 e
"d t he
. Ig)
progrJ111m1n
Non-optima
2. oppor spee ,
tunity to make changes in speeds and feeds during the cuttin g process
as because program mer must set the speeds and feeds for wors t-cas e

cond 1t1on s ➔ Hard-wired

3. Punched tape ➔ Paper tape 1s espec ially fragil e, and its susce pt1 b1l 1ty to wear
and tear ➔ So use more durab le tJpe materials, such as Myl ar are ut il ized to
overcom e this d1ffiwlty. Howeve r, th ese materi als are re lat ively expe nsive
4. Tape reader ➔ least reliab le hardw are comp onent of the machi ne and 1f NC
tool breakdo\.vn occurs, rn J I nt enanc e pe opl e begin with tape reader
5. Controller ➔ Jt Is hard-w ired, so control features cannot be altered to
incorporate improvements Into the unit
• Hardwa re techno logy in NC control s has changed dramat ically over the
years

• At least Seven generations of control ler hardwa re can be identifi ed

1. Vacuum tubes (around 1952)

2. Electro mecha nical relays (around 1955)

3. Discrete semico nducto rs (around 1960)

4. Integra ted circuits (around 1965)

5. Direct numeri cal control (around 1968)

6. Compu ter numeri cal control (around 1970)

7. Microp rocess ors and microc ompute rs (around 1975)

 computer controls in NC
• We will discuss 3 important Computer Controls

1. computer Numerical control (CNC)

2. Direct Numerical Control (ONC)

3. Adaptive Control (AC)

 Computer Numerical Control
lfl:13~ Minicomputer or Microcomputer Computer Hardware Irr?
~ @ m ' . 7 (Software functions and NC Part Interface and .,__~II 1/
Program Storage Servosystem l_5
Computer Numerical Control
Minicomputer or Microcomputer Computer Hardware ....____..
(Software functions and NC Part Interface and
1
lY,
(

Program Storage Servosystem

Major Components of CNC Machine Tool

loput
Dn1ce
Modood.a.r.a
CJ Pin prosrams
M.tchlne mntrol umt
(~tCU)

M~r11,Tool Purition fffd ha.ck

 I
l

,;:~?.t/:
- ~

Functions of CNC
• Number offunctlons which CNC is design ed to perform.

• Several of these functions would be either impossible or very difficult to

accomplish with conventiona l NC.

• Major functions of CNC are:

1. Machine tool control

2. In-process compensation

3. Improved programming and operating features