Automotive Relay Users Guide

Please use the check sheet.

Category Section Contents

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under the the actual use PD\HQFRXQWHUDYDULHW\RIDPELHQWFRQGLWLRQVGXULQJDFWXDOXVHUHVXOWLQJLQXQH[SHFWHGIDLOXUH7KHUHIRUHLWLV
actual use QHFHVVDU\IRUSURSHUXVHRIWKHUHOD\WRWHVWDQGUHYLHZZLWKDFWXDOORDGDQGDFWXDODSSOLFDWLRQXQGHUDFWXDO
condition operating conditions.
2. Safety 16SHFL¿FDWLRQUDQJH 8VHWKDWH[FHHGVWKHVSHFL¿FDWLRQUDQJHVVXFKDVWKHFRLOUDWLQJFRQWDFWUDWLQJDQGH[SHFWHGOLIHVKRXOGEH
precautions DEVROXWHO\DYRLGHG'RLQJVRPD\OHDGWRDEQRUPDOKHDWLQJVPRNHDQG¿UH
2,QVWDOODWLRQ 1HYHUWRXFKHQHUJL]HGSDUWVZKHQSRZHULVDSSOLHGWRWKHUHOD\'RLQJVRPD\FDXVHHOHFWULFDOVKRFN:KHQ
PDLQWHQDQFH LQVWDOOLQJPDLQWDLQLQJRUWURXEOHVKRRWLQJDUHOD\LQFOXGLQJFRQQHFWLQJSDUWVVXFKDVWHUPLQDOVDQGVRFNHWV
EHVXUHWKDWWKHSRZHULVWXUQHGRႇ
3) Connection :KHQFRQQHFWLQJWHUPLQDOVSOHDVHIROORZWKHLQWHUQDOFRQQHFWLRQGLDJUDPVLQWKHFDWDORJWRHQVXUHWKDW
FRQQHFWLRQVDUHGRQHFRUUHFWO\%HZDUQHGWKDWDQLQFRUUHFWFRQQHFWLRQPD\OHDGWRXQH[SHFWHGRSHUDWLRQ
HUURUDEQRUPDOKHDWLQJDQG¿UH
4) Fail-safe ,IWKHUHLVDSRVVLELOLW\WKDWDGKHVLRQFRQWDFWIDLOXUHRUEUHDNLQJRIZLUHFRXOGHQGDQJHUDVVHWVRUKXPDQOLIH
SOHDVHPDNHVXUHWKDWDIDLOVDIHV\VWHPLVHTXLSSHGLQWKHYHKLFOH
3. Selection of 1) Selection ,QRUGHUWRXVHWKHUHOD\VSURSHUO\WKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVHOHFWHGUHOD\VKRXOGEHZHOONQRZQDQGWKH
relay type FRQGLWLRQVRIXVHRIWKHUHOD\VKRXOGEHLQYHVWLJDWHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKH\DUHPDWFKHGWRWKH
HQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHWKHFRLOVSHFL¿FDWLRQFRQWDFWVSHFL¿FDWLRQDQGWKHDPELHQW
FRQGLWLRQVIRUWKHUHOD\WKDWLVDFWXDOO\XVHGPXVWEHIXOO\XQGHUVWRRGLQDGYDQFH
,QWKHWDEOHEHORZSOHDVHUHIHUWRWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQSRLQWVUHJDUGLQJVHOHFWLRQRIUHOD\
,WHPV Consideration points regarding selection
a) Rating
• 6HOHFWUHOD\ZLWKFRQVLGHUDWLRQIRUSRZHUVRXUFHYROWDJH
E2SHUDWHYROWDJHFXUUHQW
• *LYHVXႈFLHQWFRQVLGHUDWLRQWRDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGIRUWKHFRLO
F5HOHDVHYROWDJHFXUUHQW
WHPSHUDWXUHULVHDQGKRWVWDUW
Coil

G0D[LPXPDSSOLHGYROWDJH
• :KHQGULYLQJWKHUHOD\ZLWKVHPLFRQGXFWRUVFDUHIXOZLWKWKHYROWDJH
FXUUHQW
drop.
e) Coil resistance
• :KHQVWDUWLQJXSFDUHIXOZLWKWKHYROWDJHGURS
I7HPSHUDWXUHULVH
• 1 RWHWKDWWKHUHOD\H[SHFWHGOLIHLVEDODQFHGZLWKWKHOLIHRIWKHGHYLFH
the relay is used in.
D&RQWDFWDUUDQJHPHQW
• ,VWKHFRQWDFWPDWHULDOPDWFKHGWRWKHW\SHRIORDG",WLVQHFHVVDU\WR
Contact

E&RQWDFWUDWLQJ
WDNHFDUHSDUWLFXODUO\ZLWKORZOHYHOXVDJH
F&RQWDFWPDWHULDO
• 7KHH[SHFWHGOLIHPD\EHFRPHUHGXFHGZKHQXVHGDWKLJK
G([SHFWHGOLIH
WHPSHUDWXUHV/LIHVKRXOGEHYHUL¿HGLQWKHDFWXDOXVHDWPRVSKHUH
e) Contact resistance
• ,WLVQHFHVVDU\WREHWHVWHGDQGUHYLHZHGXQGHUDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQV
with actual load and actual application.
2SHUDWHWLPH

• 1 RWHWKDWDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDSSOLHGYROWDJHFDXVHWKHFKDQJH
D2SHUDWHWLPH
RIRSHUDWHWLPHDQGERXQFHWLPH
E5HOHDVHWLPH
• 1RWHWKDWRSHUDWHWLPHDQGUHOHDVHWLPHGRQRWLQFOXGHERXQFHWLPH
F%RXQFHWLPH
• *LYHFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKDWH[SHFWHGOLIHFKDQJHVGHSHQGLQJRQVZLWFKLQJ
G6ZLWFKLQJIUHTXHQF\
IUHTXHQF\
Mechanical characteristics

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• *
 LYHFRQVLGHUDWLRQWRSHUIRUPDQFHXQGHUYLEUDWLRQDQGVKRFNLQWKH
E6KRFNUHVLVWDQFH
use location.
F$PELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH
• &RQ¿UPWKHDOORZDEOHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHUHOD\
G([SHFWHGOLIH

• 6 HOHFWLRQFDQEHPDGHIRUFRQQHFWLRQPHWKRGZLWKSOXJLQW\SH
SULQWHGFLUFXLWERDUGW\SHVROGHULQJDQGVFUHZIDVWHQLQJW\SH
• 6HOHFWLRQRISURWHFWLRQFRQVWUXFWLRQFDQEHPDGHIRU3&ERDUG
2WKHULWHPV

D'LHOHFWULFVWUHQJWK
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E0RXQWLQJ Connection
• )RUXVHLQDQDGYHUVHDWPRVSKHUHVHDOHGFRQVWUXFWLRQW\SHVKRXOG
F6L]H
EHVHOHFWHG
d) Protection construction
,QVRPHHQYLURQPHQWVWKHVHDOLQJSHUIRUPDQFHPD\IDLO7KHUHIRUHLW
LVQHFHVVDU\WRFRQ¿UPGHYLFHSHUIRUPDQFHLQDFWXDODWPRVSKHUH
• $UHWKHUHDQ\VSHFLDOFRQGLWLRQV"

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

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IUHTXHQF\RIVZLWFKLQJDPELHQWDWPRVSKHUHFRQWDFWVZLWFKLQJVSHHGDQGRIERXQFHZKLFKOHDGWKHYDULRXV
RWKHUGDPDJHVVXFKDVXQVXLWDEOHRSHUDWLRQFRQWDFWWUDQVIHUZHOGLQJDEQRUPDOZHDULQFUHDVHLQFRQWDFW
UHVLVWDQFH7KHUHIRUHSOHDVHFRQ¿UPWKDWLQDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQVVXFKDVDFWXDOFLUFXLWDQGDFWXDOORDG$OVR
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VZLWFKLQJFDQFDXVHDVHYHUHGDPDJHRQFRQWDFWVDQGJUHDWO\VKRUWHQLQJRIOLIH,QDGGLWLRQLQWKHFDVHRI
VZLWFKLQJDWDKLJKIUHTXHQF\DEOXHJUHHQFRUURVLRQPD\EHGHYHORSHG6RSOHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHV
UHSUHVHQWDWLYHWRXVHLW
,IWKHFXUUHQWLQWKHLQGXFWLYHORDGLVUHODWLYHO\VPDOOWKHDUFGLVFKDUJHGHFRPSRVHVRUJDQLFPDWWHUFRQWDLQHG
LQWKHDLUDQGFDXVHVEODFNGHSRVLWVR[LGHVFDUELGHVWRGHYHORSRQWKHFRQWDFWV7KLVPD\UHVXOWLQFRQWDFW
IDLOXUH6RSOHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHWRXVHLW
3/DPSORDG /DUJHLQUXVKFXUUHQWHQKDQFLQJFRQWDFWZHOGLQJZLOOEHLPSUHVVHG,WVFXUUHQWYDOXHLVJUHDWO\DႇHFWHGE\
ZLULQJUHVLVWDQFHVZLWFKLQJIUHTXHQF\DQGDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH7KHORDGFXUUHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFVLQDFWXDO
FLUFXLWDQGDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQPXVWEHH[DPLQHGDQGVXႈFLHQWPDUJLQRIVDIHW\PXVWEHSURYLGHGLQVHOHFWLRQ
of a relay.
,WLVGDQJHURXVWRXVHDODPSORDGZKRVHQRPLQDOFXUUHQWLVVPDOOHYHQDODUJHQRPLQDOFXUUHQWKDVEHHQ
WHVWHGEHIRUHKDQG
3OHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHZKHQVZLWFKLQJDWQRPLQDOFXUUHQWZLWKDVPDOOODPSORDG40:RU
OHVVEHFDXVHFRQWLQXRXV21IDLOXUHPD\RFFXUGXHWRORFNLQJFDXVHGE\FRQWDFWWUDQVIHUSKHQRPHQRQZKHQ
switching arc is locally concentrated.
4) Electric-discharge ,WVORDGFXUUHQWWHQGVWRFDXVHFRQWDFWZHOGLQJHDVLO\EHFDXVHLWVLQUXVKFXUUHQWLVODUJHUWKDQWKDWRIWKH
ODPSORDG UHJXODUODPSORDG7KHORDGFXUUHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFVLQDFWXDOFLUFXLWDQGDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQPXVWEHH[DPLQHG
DQGVXႈFLHQWPDUJLQRIVDIHW\PXVWEHSURYLGHGLQVHOHFWLRQRIDUHOD\
5/('ODPSORDG ,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRFKHFNWKHFRQWDFWUHOLDELOLW\EHFDXVHWKHORDGFXUUHQWRIWKH/('ORDGLVYHU\VPDOO3OHDVH
LQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEHIRUHXVH
62WKHUODPSORDG 3OHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEHIRUHXVHRIQHZVWUXFWXUHGODPSH[FHSWIRUKDORJHQ(OHFWULF
GLVFKDUJHODPSDQG/('
7) Motor load :KHQXVLQJRI1&FRQWDFWVLGHRI1)RUP&FRQWDFWIRUWKHPRWRUEUDNHHOHFWULFDOOLIHPLJKWEHDႇHFWHGE\
WKHEUDNHFXUUHQW7KHUHIRUHYHULI\LQDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQVZLWKDFWXDOFLUFXLW
7KHODUJHULQGXFWLYLW\RIPRWRUPD\FDXVHFRQWDFWGDPDJHDQGWUDQVIHUHYHQWKHPRWRUORDGFXUUHQWLVVDPH
7KHUHIRUHYHULI\LQDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQVZLWKDFWXDOFLUFXLW
8) Capacitor load 1RWHWKDWLWVORDGFXUUHQWWHQGVWRFDXVHFRQWDFWZHOGLQJDQGFRQWDFWWUDQVIHUHDVLO\EHFDXVHLWVLQUXVKFXUUHQW
LVJHQHUDOO\ODUJHZKLFKKDVDVPDOOEUHDNFXUUHQWDQGDVKRUWWLPHSHULRGWRUHDFKDQLQUXVKSHDNYDOXH
$OVRLQUXVKFXUUHQWYDOXHLVLQÀXHQFHGE\ZLULQJUHVLVWDQFH7KHUHIRUHWKHLQUXVKFXUUHQWLQDFWXDOFLUFXLWPXVW
EHH[DPLQHGDQGVXႈFLHQWPDUJLQRIVDIHW\PXVWEHSURYLGHGLQVHOHFWLRQRIDUHOD\
9) Resistance load 7KLVORDGFDXVHVUHODWLYHO\OHVVFRQWDFWGDPDJHVLQFHLWVLQUXVKFXUUHQWLVQRWODUJH6HOHFWDUHOD\EDVHGRQ
the rating control capacity.
106PDOOHOHFWULF • 8 QGHUVPDOOFXUUHQWORDGLQJKLJKFRQWDFWUHVLVWDQFHYDOXHVPD\UHVXOWZKHQSHUIRUPLQJFRQWLQXLW\FKHFNVRI
current load contacts.
• ,IWKHVZLWFKLQJFXUUHQWLVVPDOO1 $RUOHVVFRQWDFWUHOLDELOLW\GHFUHDVHVVLQFHWKHFRQWDFWVXUIDFHLVQRW
FOHDQHGE\VZLWFKLQJDUF
3OHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHLI\RXDUHXVLQJWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGXVHPHWKRG
11/RDGSRODULW\ (OHFWULFDOOLIHPD\EHDႇHFWHGE\ORDGSRODULW\FRQQHFWLQJWRUHOD\FRQWDFWV6RSOHDVHYHULI\WKHPLQ
actual use polarity.
12) Voltage drop of 8QGHUDFLUFXLWZKLFKLQUXVKFXUUHQWLVDSSOLHGWRVXFKDVODPSVDQGFDSDFLWRUVWKHPRPHQWWKHFRQWDFWLV
power supply FORVHGYROWDJHGURSWRWKHFRLOUHWXUQRIUHOD\RUFKDWWHULQJPD\RFFXU1RWHWKDWLWPD\UHPDUNDEO\UHGXFH
the electrical life.
Load

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

4/RDG 13/RDGYROWDJH ,IWKHORDGYROWDJHLVKLJKWKHDUFHQHUJ\ZKLFKJHQHUDWHGDWFRQWDFWVZLWFKLQJLQFUHDVHVZKLFKPD\GHFUHDVH

Electrical life WKHHOHFWULFDOOLIH7KHUHIRUHLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRJLYHFRQVLGHUDWLRQWRWKHYROWDJHZKLFKFRXOGRFFXULQDFWXDOXVH
condition.
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VRWKDWWKHHOHFWULFDOOLIHPD\GHFUHDVH
15) Coil short-pulse :KHQWKHVKRUWSXOVHVLJQDOLVLQSXWWRWKHUHOD\FRLOWKHUHOD\PRYDEOHSDUWPD\RSHUDWHDQGWRXFKOLJKWO\WR
input WKHFRQWDFW7KHUHIRUHSOHDVHDYRLGVKRUWSXOVHLQSXW100PVRUOHVVVLQFHLWPD\FDXVHFRQWDFWZHOGLQJGXH
WROHVVFRQWDFWSUHVVXUH3OHDVHWHVWDGHTXDWHO\IRUH[DPSOHZKHQDUHOD\LVRSHUDWHGE\H[WHUQDOPDQXDO
VZLWFKVXFKDVNH\VZLWFK
16+LJKIUHTXHQF\RI :KHQWKHVZLWFKLQJIUHTXHQF\LVKLJKWKHHOHFWULFDOOLIHPD\GHFUHDVH3OHDVHFRQ¿UPLIWKHUHLVDKLJK
switching IUHTXHQWVZLWFKLQJFDXVHGE\DEQRUPDOPRGHLQDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQ
17/RZIUHTXHQF\RI 1RWHWKDWLIWKHFRQWDFWKDVQRWEHHQVZLWFKHGIRUDORQJWLPHSHULRGRUJDQLF¿OPWHQGVWREHJHQHUDWHGRQWKH
switching FRQWDFWVXUIDFHZKLFKPD\FDXVHFRQWDFWLQVWDELOLW\
18$PELHQW 9HULI\LQWKHDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQVLQFHHOHFWULFDOOLIHPD\EHDႇHFWHGE\XVHDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV
WHPSHUDWXUH
19) Connection of coil ,IUHVLVWRUGLRGH]HQHUGLRGHDUHFRQQHFWHGSDUDOOHOWRWKHUHOD\FRLODQGGHFUHDVHWKHVXUJHYROWDJHZKHQWKH
VXUJHDEVRUSWLRQ UHOD\FRLOEHLQJWXUQHGRႇWKHUHOD\UHOHDVHWLPHZLOOJHWORQJHUDQGPD\GHFUHDVHWKHHOHFWULFDOOLIHRUFDXVH
circuit light-welding.

Recommended zener diode

• Zener voltage 24V or higher (12V rating)
Load • Zener voltage 48V or higher (24V rating)
Recommended resistor
• 680Ω to 1000Ω (12V rating)
• 2800Ω to 4700Ω (24V rating)

206QHDNRU 3OHDVHWHVWDUHOD\LQDFWXDOYHKLFOHFRQGLWLRQVLQFHWKHUHLVDULVNRIGHWHULRUDWLRQDWUHOD\IXQFWLRQRUVZLWFKLQJ
UHPDLQLQJFXUUHQW SHUIRUPDQFHVXFKDVVORZHUUHOHDVHWLPHZKLFKLVFDXVHGE\VQHDNFXUUHQWGXHWRGLRGH]HQHUGLRGH
FDSDFLWRUPRXQWHGRQDYHKLFOHRUE\UHPDLQLQJFXUUHQWVRRQDIWHUDPRWRULVWXUQHGRႇ
21:LUHOHQJWK ,IORQJZLUHVDIHZWHQPHWHUVDUHWREHXVHGLQDUHOD\FRQWDFWFLUFXLWLQUXVKFXUUHQWPD\EHFRPHDSUREOHP
GXHWRWKHVWUD\FDSDFLWDQFHH[LVWLQJEHWZHHQZLUHV,QVXFKFDVHDGGDUHVLVWRULQVHULHVZLWKWKHFRQWDFWV

＋
Equivalent circuit

Contacts

Added resistor Stray capacitance of wire

Wire
10 to 50Ω

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/ ー3 ー Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. 2022 ASCTB237E 202206
Automotive Relay Users Guide

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electrical life circuit OHYHO+RZHYHUQRWHWKDWLQFRUUHFWXVHZLOOUHVXOWLQDQDGYHUVHHႇHFW7\SLFDOFRQWDFWSURWHFWLRQFLUFXLWVDUH
JLYHQLQWKHWDEOHEHORZ
$OVRQRWHWKDWUHOHDVHWLPHZLOOVORZGRZQGXHWRVQHDNLQWKHFLUFXLWDQGPD\FDXVHWKHHOHFWULFDOOLIHWR
shorten and slight-welding.
'LRGHFLUFXLW

Contact

Inductive load
Circuit
Diode

7KHGLRGHFRQQHFWHGLQSDUDOOHOFDXVHVWKHHQHUJ\VWRUHGLQWKHFRLOWRÀRZ
WRWKHFRLOLQWKHIRUPRIFXUUHQWDQGGLVVLSDWHVLWDVMRXOHKHDWDWWKH
)HDWXUHV2WKHUV
UHVLVWDQFHFRPSRQHQWRIWKHLQGXFWLYHORDG7KLVFLUFXLWGHOD\VWKHUHOHDVH
WLPH
8VHDGLRGHZLWKDUHYHUVHEUHDNGRZQYROWDJHDWOHDVW10WLPHVWKHFLUFXLW
YROWDJHDQGDIRUZDUGFXUUHQWDWOHDVWDVODUJHDVWKHORDGFXUUHQW
'HYLFHV6HOHFWLRQ ,QHOHFWURQLFFLUFXLWVZKHUHWKHFLUFXLWYROWDJHVDUHQRWVRKLJKDGLRGHFDQ
EHXVHGZLWKDUHYHUVHEUHDNGRZQYROWDJHRIDERXW2 to 3WLPHVWKHSRZHU
VXSSO\YROWDJH

'LRGHDQG]HQHUGLRGHFLUFXLW

Contact

Inductive load
Circuit

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8VHD]HQHUGLRGHZLWKD]HQHUYROWDJHDERXWWKHVDPHDVWKHSRZHUVXSSO\
'HYLFHV6HOHFWLRQ
YROWDJH

,QWKHDFWXDOFLUFXLWLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRPRXQWWKHSURWHFWLYHGHYLFHGLRGHHWFLQWKHLPPHGLDWHYLFLQLW\RIWKH

ORDG,ILWLVPRXQWHGWRRIDUDZD\WKHHႇHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHSURWHFWLYHGHYLFHPD\GLPLQLVK$VDJXLGHWKH
GLVWDQFHVKRXOGEHZLWKLQ50FP
$YRLGXVLQJWKHSURWHFWLRQFLUFXLWVVKRZQLQWKH¿JXUHVEHORZ
$OWKRXJKLWLVXVXDOO\PRUHGLႈFXOWWRVZLWFKZLWK'&LQGXFWLYHORDGVFRPSDUHGWRUHVLVWLYHORDGVXVHRIWKH
SURSHUSURWHFWLRQFLUFXLWZLOOUDLVHWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWRWKDWIRUUHVLVWLYHORDGV

Contact Contact

Power C
Load

No good No good Power

Load
supply C
supply

$OWKRXJKLWLVH[WUHPHO\HႇHFWLYHLQDUFVXSSUHVVLRQ
$OWKRXJKLWLVH[WUHPHO\HႇHFWLYHLQDUFVXSSUHVVLRQ
DVWKHFRQWDFWVRSHQWKHFRQWDFWVDUHVXVFHSWLEOH
DVWKHFRQWDFWVRSHQWKHFRQWDFWVDUHVXVFHSWLEOH
to welding since energy is stored in C when the
WRZHOGLQJVLQFHFKDUJLQJFXUUHQWÀRZVWR&ZKHQ
FRQWDFWVRSHQDQGGLVFKDUJHFXUUHQWÀRZVIURP&
the contacts close.
when the contacts close.

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

4/RDG 23) Connection of &RQQHFWWKHORDGWRRQHVLGHRIWKHSRZHUVXSSO\DVVKRZQLQ)LJD&RQQHFWWKHFRQWDFWVWRWKHRWKHUVLGH

electrical life load 7KLVSUHYHQWVKLJKYROWDJHVIURPGHYHORSLQJEHWZHHQFRQWDFWV,IFRQWDFWVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRERWKVLGHRIWKH
SRZHUVXSSO\DVVKRZQLQ)LJEWKHUHLVDULVNRIVKRUWLQJRIWKHSRZHUVXSSO\ZKHQUHODWLYHO\FORVHFRQWDFWV
short.

Ry
E (a) E (b)
Ry Ry Ry Ry Ry

Fig. (a) Good example (b) Bad example

Note that regarding the following circuit constructions with 2FRLOUHOD\VWZLQUHOD\VRUVLQJOHSROHUHOD\VDQ
DUFEHWZHHQFRQWDFWVPD\EHJHQHUDWHGZKHQEUHDNLQJRIORDGFXUUHQWGHSHQGLQJRQWKHW\SHRIORDGFXUUHQW
YROWDJHDQGORDG

<2-coil relay (twin relay) or two of single-pole relays>

Short current
＋ ＋
A B Arcing
B side OFF

Load Load

<Single-pole relay>

＋ ＋

Load OFF Load

246KRUWEHWZHHQ :KHQXVLQJRIPXOWLSOHSROHUHOD\VVXFKDV2FRLOUHOD\VWZLQUHOD\VYHULI\LQVXODWLRQDQGGLHOHFWULFVWUHQJWK

inter electrodes EHWZHHQFRQWDFWVLQHDFKSROHLQRUGHUWRDYRLGDQDFFLGHQWFDXVHGE\VKRUW
25'U\VZLWFKLQJ The two relays are connected in series as
VKRZQLQWKHULJKWVLGH¿JXUH:KHQHDFKUHOD\ Relay No.1 Relay No.2
LVFRQWUROOHGZLWKDGLႇHUHQWWLPLQJFKDUWVKRZQ
LQWKHULJKWVLGH¿JXUHERWWRPWKHUHOD\1R2
GRHVQRWÀRZWKHORDGFXUUHQWGXULQJRSHUDWLRQ
DQGUHOHDVHWLPH7KLVUHOD\1R2 operation is
Contact load
FDOOHG³'U\VZLWFKLQJ´
'U\VZLWFKLQJFDQUHGXFHWKHFRQVXPSWLRQRI
FRQWDFWPDWHULDOZLWKRXWFXUUHQWFRQGXFWLRQRQ
WKHRWKHUKDQGDVWKHFRQWDFWFOHDQLQJHႇHFW
GLVDSSHDUFRQGXFWLRQIDLOXUHPD\RFFXU
)RUWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGUHDVRQVQRWHWKDWRXU Timing chart:
relay application in this dry-switching condition ON
LVQRWUHFRPPHQGHGLQDSSO\LQJRXUUHOD\
OFF
Relay No.1
ON

OFF
Relay No.2

Load current

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

5. Coil operate 1+RWVWDUWYROWDJH $IWHUFRQWLQXRXVDSSO\LQJRIFXUUHQWWRFRLODQGFRQWDFWVLIWKHFXUUHQWLVWXUQHG2))WKHQLPPHGLDWHO\WXUQHG

YROWDJH 21DJDLQFRLOUHVLVWDQFHDQGRSHUDWHYROWDJHZLOOLQFUHDVHGXHWRWKHWHPSHUDWXUHULVHLQWKHFRLO
7HPSHUDWXUHULVHYDOXHRIFRLOLVJUHDWO\DႇHFWHGE\FLUFXLWERDUGFRQQHFWHGKDUQHVVFRQQHFWHGFRQQHFWRU
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SURSHUO\RULQRSHUDWLYHXQGHUDFWXDOYHKLFOHDQGDFWXDOXVHFRQGLWLRQV
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WHPSHUDWXUH 7KHUHVLVWDQFHWHPSHUDWXUHFRHႈFLHQWRIFRSSHUZLUHLVDERXW0.4% for 1ƒ&DQGWKHFRLOUHVLVWDQFHLQFUHDVHV
characteristic ZLWKWKLVUDWLR2QWKHRWKHUKDQGFRLOUHVLVWDQFHDQGWKHUHOHDVHYROWDJHZLOOGHFUHDVHDWORZHUWHPSHUDWXUH
&RLOUHVLVWDQFHFKDQJHGHFUHDVHVZLWKWKHVDPHUDWLRDWKLJKHUWHPSHUDWXUHDERXW0.4% for 1°C.
7KHUHIRUHSOHDVHFRQ¿UPWKHUHOD\RSHUDWLRQLQXVHGRSHUDWLQJWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHZLWKDWWHQWLRQWRVXFK
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E\DUHOD\LWVHOIRURWKHULQVWUXPHQWVFDXVHVLQFUHDVHRIWHPSHUDWXUHLQVLGHWKHER[
3$SSOLHGYROWDJH 1RWHWKDWDSSOLFDWLRQRIDYROWDJHHTXDOWRRUJUHDWHUWKDQWKHPD[LPXPDSSOLHGYROWDJHPD\FDXVHD
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UHJDUGLQJ3:0FRQWURO
4) Twin-relay coil )RUUHOD\VZKLFKKDYHPXOWLSOHFRLOVVXFKDVWZLQUHOD\IRUIRUZDUGUHYHUVHRSHUDWLRQRIPRWRULIWKHFRLOVDUH
VLPXOWDQHRXV FRQWLQXRXVO\WXUQHGRQDWWKHVDPHWLPHWKHFRLOWHPSHUDWXUHPD\H[FHHGWKHWROHUDQFHLQDVKRUWWLPHGXHWR
operation KHDWJHQHUDWLRQRIHDFKFRLO3OHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEHIRUHXVH
5) Continuous current &RLOKHDWLQJGXHWRFRQWLQXRXVFXUUHQWDSSO\LQJWRFRLOIRUH[WHQVLYHWLPHSHULRGVZLOOFDXVHGHWHULRUDWLRQLQ
LQVXODWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHIRUFRLO
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Automotive Relay Users Guide

6. Coil operating 15HOD\GULYHE\ 1&RQQHFWLRQPHWKRG

circuit PHDQVRID &ROOHFWRUFRQQHFWLRQPHWKRGLVWKHPRVWUHFRPPHQGDEOHZKHQWKHUHOD\LVGULYHQE\PHDQVRIDWUDQVLVWRU
transistor 7RDYRLGWURXEOHVLQXVHWKHUDWHGYROWDJHVKRXOGDOZD\VEHDSSOLHGRQWKHUHOD\LQWKH21WLPHDQG]HUR
YROWDJHEHGRQHLQWKH2))WLPH

R
Ry

Tr
Tr
R1 Tr

Ry

R2 Ry

(Good) Collector connection (Care)Emitter connection (Care)Parallel connection

This is the most common
connection, which operation is
usually stable with.
When the circumstances make the As the power consumption of the
use of this connection unavoidable, entire circuit increases, the relay
the voltage may not be completely voltage should be considered.
applied on the relay and the
transistor would not conduct
completely.

2&RXQWHUPHDVXUHVIRUVXUJHYROWDJHRIUHOD\FRQWUROWUDQVLVWRU
,IWKHFRLOFXUUHQWLVVXGGHQO\LQWHUUXSWHGDVXGGHQKLJKYROWDJHSXOVHLVGHYHORSHGLQWKHFRLO,IWKLVYROWDJH
H[FHHGVWKHGLHOHFWULFVWUHQJWKRIWKHWUDQVLVWRUWKHWUDQVLVWRUZLOOEHGHJUDGHGDQGWKLVZLOOOHDGWRGDPDJH
,WLVDEVROXWHO\QHFHVVDU\WRFRQQHFWDGLRGHLQWKHFLUFXLWDVDPHDQVRISUHYHQWLQJGDPDJHIURPWKH
FRXQWHUHPI,QFDVHRI'&UHOD\FRQQHFWLRQRI'LRGHLVHႇHFWLYH$VVXLWDEOHUDWLQJVIRUWKLVGLRGHWKH
DYHUDJHUHFWL¿HGFXUUHQWVKRXOGEHHTXLYDOHQWWRWKHFRLOFXUUHQWDQGWKHUHYHUVHEORFNLQJYROWDJHVKRXOGEH
DERXW3WLPHVWKHYDOXHRIWKHSRZHUVRXUFHYROWDJH&RQQHFWLRQRIDGLRGHLVDQH[FHOOHQWZD\WRSUHYHQW
YROWDJHVXUJHVEXWWKHUHZLOOEHDFRQVLGHUDEOHWLPHGHOD\ZKHQWKHUHOD\LVRSHQ&RQVHTXHQWO\HOHFWULFDO
VZLWFKLQJSHUIRUPDQFHRIUHOD\PD\EHUHGXFHG,ILWLVQHHGWRUHGXFHWKLVWLPHGHOD\SHUIRUPDQFHZLOOEH
LPSURYHGE\FRQQHFWLQJD=HQHUGLRGHWKDWLVUDWHGIRUPRUHWKDQGRXEOHWKHYROWDJHLQWKHFLUFXLWEHWZHHQ
WKHWUDQVLVWRU¶V&ROOHFWRUDQG(PLWWHU

<Recommended circuit>

Diode
Ry Ry

Tr Tr Zener diode

Take care of Area of Safe Operation (ASO).

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

6. Coil operating 15HOD\GULYHE\ 36QDSDFWLRQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFRIUHOD\ZLWKYROWDJHULVHDQGIDOO

circuit PHDQVRID ,WLVQHFHVVDU\IRUWKHUHOD\FRLOQRWWRDSSO\YROWDJHVORZO\EXWWRDSSO\WKHUDWHGYROWDJHLQDVKRUWWLPHDQG
transistor DOVRWRGURSWKHYROWDJHWR]HURLQDVKRUWWLPH
Non-pulse signal Pulse signal (square wave)

IB
Ry

Tr IC
IC
IB

ON
Ry

OFF

(No good)Without snap action (Good)Snap action

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:KHQWKHLQSXWVLJQDOGRHVQRWSURGXFHDVQDSDFWLRQRUGLQDULO\D6FKPLWWWULJJHUFLUFXLWLVXVHGWRSURGXFH
safe snap action.
• 7KHFRPPRQHPLWWHUUHVLVWRU5EPXVWKDYHDVXႈFLHQWO\VPDOOYDOXHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHUHVLVWDQFHRIWKH
relay coil.
• 'XHWRWKHUHOD\FRLOFXUUHQWWKHGLႇHUHQFHLQWKHYROWDJHEHWZHHQDWSRLQW3ZKHQ7U2 is conducting and
at point P when Tr1LVFRQGXFWLQJFUHDWHVK\VWHUHVLVLQWKHGHWHFWLRQFDSDELOLW\RI6FKPLWWFLUFXLWDQGFDUH
PXVWEHWDNHQLQVHWWLQJWKHYDOXHV
• :KHQWKHUHLVFKDWWHULQJLQWKHLQSXWVLJQDOEHFDXVHRIZDYHIRUPRVFLOODWLRQDQ&5WLPHFRQVWDQWFLUFXLW
VKRXOGEHLQVHUWHGLQWKHVWDJHEHIRUHWKH6FKPLWWWULJJHUFLUFXLW+RZHYHUWKHUHVSRQVHVSHHGGURSV

R1 Ry

Signal
R3 R2
Tr1 Tr2

RE

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&DUHPXVWEHWDNHQLQWKLVFLUFXLWGXHWRLQFUHDVHRI9&(6$7,WGRHVQRWFDXVHDIDLOXUHLPPHGLDWHO\EXWLWPD\
OHDGWRWURXEOHVE\XVLQJIRUDORQJSHULRGRUE\RSHUDWLQJZLWKPDQ\XQLWV

Ry Ry

Tr1 Tr1
VCESAT VCESAT
Tr2 Tr2
About 0.7V About 0.1V

GND

(No good)Darlington connection (Good)Emitter connection

• Due to excessive consumption • Tr2 conducts completely.
of power, heat is generated. • Tr1 is sufficient for signal use.
• A strong Tr1 is necessary.

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

6. Coil operating 15HOD\GULYHE\ 6. Residual Coil Voltage

circuit PHDQVRID ,QVZLWFKLQJRSHUDWLRQZKHUHDVHPLFRQGXFWRUWUDQVLVWRU8-7HWFLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHFRLODUHVLGXDO
transistor YROWDJHLVUHWDLQHGDWWKHUHOD\FRLOZKLFKPD\FDXVHLQFRPSOHWHUHVWRUDWLRQDQGIDXOW\RSHUDWLRQ8VLQJRI
'&FRLOVPD\FDXVHLQFRPSOHWHUHVWRUDWLRQRUUHGXFWLRQLQFRQWDFWSUHVVXUHDQGYLEUDWLRQUHVLVWDQFH
EHFDXVHLWVUHOHDVHYROWDJHLVORZHUWKDQWKDWRI$&FRLO10RUPRUHRIWKHUDWHGYROWDJHDOVREHFDXVH
WKHUHLVDWHQGHQF\WRLQFUHDVHWKHOLIHE\ORZHULQJWKHUHOHDVHYROWDJH
:KHQWKHVLJQDOIURPWKHWUDQVLVWRU¶VFROOHFWRULVWDNHQDQGXVHGWRGULYHDQRWKHUFLUFXLWDVVKRZQLQWKH
¿JXUHDVIROORZVDPLQXWHGDUNFXUUHQWÀRZVWRWKHUHOD\HYHQLIWKHWUDQVLVWRULVRႇ7KLVPD\DOVRFDXVH
WKHSUREOHPVGHVFULEHGDERYH

●Connection to the next stage through collector

Ry
I0

Tr1 Tr2

I0: dark current (No good)

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due to noise.

Ry R

IGT : There is no problem even with more than 3 times

the rated current.
S RGK: 1K ohms must be connected.
IGT RC : This is for prevention of switching error due to a
C
sudden rise in the power source or to noise.
(dv/dt measures)

RGK

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Ry

S Ry
Heater

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

7. Contact 1/RDGVZLWFKLQJ 1RWHWKDWZKHQVZLWFKLQJZLWKDYHU\VPDOOORDGDIWHUVZLWFKLQJZLWKDODUJHORDGFRQWDFWIDLOXUHE\VPDOOORDG

UHOLDELOLW\ VZLWFKLQJPD\RFFXUGXHWRSDUWLFOHVJHQHUDWHGGXULQJVZLWFKLQJRIWKHFRQWDFWZLWKODUJHORDG
2) Installation 1RWHWKDWLILWLVFRQQHFWHGRULQVWDOOHGZLWKDKLJKKHDWFDSDFLW\VXFKDVEXVEDUFRQQHFWRUKDUQHVVDQG3&
condition ERDUGKHDWUHPRYDOSKHQRPHQRQDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHZLOOPDNHUHOD\WHUPLQDOVDQGFRQWDFWVFRRODQG
FRQGHQVDWHDVPDOODPRXQWRIRUJDQLFJDVLQVLGHWKHUHOD\ZKLFKPD\FDXVHDFRQWDFWIDLOXUH6RSOHDVH
LQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEHIRUHXVH
8. Contact 1) Transient state &RQWDFWUHVLVWDQFHFRQVLVWVRIG\QDPLFDQGVWDWLFFRQWDFWUHVLVWDQFH&RQWDFWUHVLVWDQFHRQWKHFDWDORJXHDQG
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current OHVVFRQWDFWUHVLVWDQFHPD\EHFRPHDODUJHUYDOXHGXHWRDVPDOODPRXQWRI¿OPRQDFRQWDFWVXUIDFH
92SHUDWLRQQRLVH 1) Coil applied 0HFKDQLFDOUHOD\VSURGXFHDQRSHUDWLRQDOQRLVHDWRSHUDWHDQGUHOHDVHWLPH1RWHWKDWLIWKHFRLODSSOLHG
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after installation LQVWDOODWLRQFRQGLWLRQWKDQZLWKDUHOD\E\LWVHOIGXHWRUHVRQDQFHDQGV\PSDWKHWLFYLEUDWLRQVRILQVWDOODWLRQ3&
ERDUGDQGV\VWHPPRGXOH
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WKHUHOD\PD\YLEUDWHDQGSURGXFHDQRLVH,ITXLHWQHVVLVUHTXLUHGDIWHUPRXQWLQJSOHDVHWHVWLQWKHDFWXDO
use condition.
11. Electrical 16XUJHYROWDJH :KHQWKHUHOD\WXUQVRႇVXUJHYROWDJHLVJHQHUDWHGIURPWKHFRLO7KLVVXUJHYROWDJHFDQEHUHGXFHGLID
noise UHVLVWRULVFRQQHFWHGLQSDUDOOHOWRWKHFRLO/LNHZLVHLWFDQEHUHGXFHGPRUHLIDGLRGHLQVWHDGRIUHVLVWRULV
connected in parallel.
+RZHYHUSOHDVHQRWHWKDWLIDUHVLVWRUDQGDGLRGHLVFRQQHFWHGLQSDUDOOHOHOHFWULFDOOLIHPD\EHDႇHFWHGGXH
WRVORZLQJGRZQRIUHOHDVHWLPH

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

12. Usage 17HPSHUDWXUH • '

 XULQJXVDJHVWRUDJHRUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDYRLGORFDWLRQVVXEMHFWWRGLUHFWVXQOLJKWDQGPDLQWDLQQRUPDO
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condition air pressure 7KHDOORZDEOHVSHFL¿FDWLRQVIRUHQYLURQPHQWVVXLWDEOHIRUXVDJHVWRUDJHDQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDUHJLYHQ
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Humidity,
%RH

85
Allowable range

Avoid icing
when used at Avoid condensation
temperatures when used at
lower than temperatures
0C higher than 0 C
5
-40 0 85
Temperature, C
(The allowable temperature range differs for each relay.)

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PDWHULDOVHWFLVXVHGDURXQGWKHUHOD\WKHVLOLFRQHJDVORZPROHFXODUVLOR[DQHHWFPD\EHSURGXFHG
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around the relay.
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Automotive Relay Users Guide

12. Usage 7:DWHU :DWHUFRQGHQVDWLRQRFFXUVZKHQWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHGURSVVXGGHQO\IURPDKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHDQG

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8:DWHUUHVLVWDQFH 'RQRWXVH3&ERDUGW\SHLQHQYLURQPHQWVZKHUHZHWWLQJPD\RFFXU
6LQFHZHKDYHGLႇHUHQWW\SHVZLWKYDULRXVZDWHUUHVLVWDQFHVSHFL¿FDWLRQVSOHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHV
UHSUHVHQWDWLYH
9) Icing 3OHDVHFKHFNWKHLFLQJZKHQDQDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHLVORZHUWKDQ0ƒ&,FLQJPHDQVWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWDLQHG
LQWKHVXUURXQGLQJHQYLURQPHQWDQGLQVLGHWKHUHOD\IUHH]HVZKHQWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHIDOOVEHORZWKH
IUHH]LQJSRLQW7KHLFLQJFDXVHVWKHVWLFNLQJRIPRYDEOHSRUWLRQWKHRSHUDWLRQGHOD\DQGWKHFRQWDFW
FRQGXFWLRQIDLOXUHHWF3DQDVRQLF,QGXVWU\GRHVQRWJXDUDQWHHWKHIDLOXUHVFDXVHGE\WKHLFLQJ
7KHKHDWFRQGXFWLRQE\WKHHTXLSPHQWPD\DFFHOHUDWHWKHFRROLQJRIUHOD\LWVHOIDQGWKHLFLQJPD\RFFXU
,FLQJFRQGLWLRQLVFKDQJHGE\DPELHQWHQYLURQPHQWSOHDVHPDNHVXUHWRFRQ¿UPQRLFLQJLQWKHZRUVW
condition of the actual usage.
1RWHWKDWLIDUHOD\LVFRQQHFWHGRULQVWDOOHGZLWKDKLJKKHDWFDSDFLW\VXFKDVEXVEDUFRQQHFWRUKDUQHVV
DQG3&ERDUGKHDWUHPRYDOSKHQRPHQRQZLOODFFHOHUDWHFRROLQJRIWKHUHOD\LQVLGHDQGSURPRWHIUHH]LQJ6R
SOHDVHYHULI\LQDFWXDOLQVWDOODWLRQFRQGLWLRQ
10/RZWHPSHUDWXUH 7KHSODVWLFEHFRPHVEULWWOHLIWKHUHOD\LVH[SRVHGWRDORZWHPSHUDWXUHORZKXPLGLW\HQYLURQPHQWIRUORQJ
ORZKXPLGLW\ SHULRGVRIWLPH
13. Installation 1) Connector 3OHDVHFRQVLGHUWKHYLEUDWLRQDWLQVWDOODWLRQDUHDWRDYRLGORRVHO\FRQWDFW
connection $OVRQRWHWKDWHYHQDPLFURVFRSLFYLEUDWLRQPD\FDXVHFRQWDFWIDLOXUHDWWKHFRQWDFWDUHDRIUHOD\WHUPLQDODQG
connector.
'HFUHDVHRIPDWHGSHUIRUPDQFHRIFRQQHFWRUPD\FDXVHDEQRUPDOKHDWDWFRQQHFWRUFRQWDFWDUHDGHSHQGLQJ
RQXVHWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDSSO\LQJKHDW6XႈFLHQWPDUJLQRIVDIHW\PXVWEHSURYLGHGLQVHOHFWLRQRID
connector.
3OHDVHVHOHFWWKHSURSHUPDWHULDORIFRQQHFWRUDQGVXUIDFHWUHDWPHQWWRDYRLGFRUURVLRQDWWKHFRQWDFWDUHDRI
UHOD\WHUPLQDODQGFRQQHFWRUDQGLQFUHDVHRIUHVLVWDQFHDWFRQQHFWLQJDUHDZKLFKPD\EHFDXVHGGHSHQGLQJ
RQDPELHQWHQYLURQPHQW
143&ERDUG 13&ERDUGGHVLJQ 1&DXWLRQVUHJDUGLQJ3DWWHUQ/D\RXWIRU5HOD\V
design consideration 2SHUDWLQJUHOD\VPD\JHQHUDWHQRLVHWKDWFDQDႇHFWHOHFWULFDOFLUFXLWV7KHUHIRUHWKHIROORZLQJSRLQWVVKRXOG
EHQRWHG
• .HHSUHOD\VDZD\IURPVHPLFRQGXFWRUGHYLFHV
• 'HVLJQWKHSDWWHUQWUDFHVZLWKWKHVKRUWHVWOHQJWK
• 3ODFHWKHVXUJHDEVRUEHUGLRGHHWFQHDUWKHUHOD\FRLO
• $YRLGURXWLQJSDWWHUQWUDFHVVXVFHSWLEOHWRQRLVHVXFKDVIRUDXGLRVLJQDOVXQGHUQHDWKWKHUHOD\FRLO
section.
• $YRLGWKURXJKKROHVLQSODFHVZKLFKFDQQRWEHVHHQIURPWKHWRSHJDWWKHEDVHRIWKHUHOD\6ROGHU
ÀRZLQJXSWKURXJKVXFKDKROHPD\FDXVHGDPDJHVXFKDVDVHDOLQJIDLOXUH
• (YHQIRUWKHVDPHFLUFXLWLWLVQHFHVVDU\WRFRQVLGHUWKHSDWWHUQGHVLJQLQRUGHUWRPLQLPL]HWKHLQÀXHQFH
RIWKHRQRႇRSHUDWLRQVRIWKHUHOD\FRLODQGODPSRQRWKHUHOHFWURQLFFLUFXLWVDVVKRZQLQWKH¿JXUHEHORZ

Relay coil Ry Ry
(No good) (Good) A2
A
Diode bridge

Diode bridge

C0 A1
C0
B1

B Constant Electronic
Tr Constant
Electronic B2 Tr voltage circuit
voltage
circuit

Relay currents and electronic circuit ●Relay coil currents consist only of A1 and B1.
currents flow through A and B. ●Electronic circuit currents consist only of A2
and B2. A simple design can change safety of
the operation.

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

143&ERDUG 2+ROHDQG/DQG 7KH+ROHDQG/DQGGLDPHWHUDUHPDGHZLWKWKHKROHVOLJKWO\ODUJHUWKDQWKHOHDGZLUHVRWKDWWKHFRPSRQHQW

design GLDPHWHU PD\EHLQVHUWHGHDVLO\$OVRZKHQVROGHULQJWKHVROGHUZLOOEXLOGXSLQDQH\HOHWFRQGLWLRQLQFUHDVLQJWKH
PRXQWLQJVWUHQJWK7KHVWDQGDUGGLPHQVLRQVIRUWKH+ROHGLDPHWHUDQG/DQGDUHVKRZQLQWKHWDEOHEHORZ
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Standard hole Tolerance /DQGGLDPHWHU
0.8
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• 7KH+ROHGLDPHWHULVPDGH0.2 to 0.5PPODUJHUWKDQWKHOHDGGLDPHWHU
+RZHYHULIWKHMHWPHWKRGZDYHW\SHMHWW\SHRIVROGHULQJLVXVHGVROGHUPD\SDVVWKURXJKWRWKH
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0.2PP
• 7KH/DQGGLDPHWHUVKRXOGEH2 to 3WLPHVWKH+ROHGLDPHWHU
• 'RQRWSXWPRUHWKDQ1 lead in one hole.
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Longitudinal
150

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VKRZQE\WKHDUURZLQWKHORQJLWXGLQDOGLUHFWLRQ

Longitudinal
direction

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

153&ERDUG 1) Through-hole type

PRXQWLQJ
,QNHHSLQJZLWKPDNLQJGHYLFHVFRPSDFWLWLVEHFRPLQJPRUHFRPPRQWRVROGHUWKHUHOD\WRD3&ERDUGDORQJZLWKWKHVHPLFRQGXFWRUVLQVWHDGRIXVLQJ
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:LWKWKLVVW\OHORVVRIIXQFWLRQPD\RFFXUEHFDXVHRIVHHSDJHLQWRWKHUHOD\RIÀX[ZKLFKLVDSSOLHGWRWKH3&ERDUG7KHUHIRUHWKHIROORZLQJSUHFDXWLRQV
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GHWHUPLQHVXLWDELOLW\IRUDXWRPDWLFVROGHULQJRUDXWRPDWLFFOHDQLQJ7KHUHIRUHSOHDVHUHYLHZWKHSDUWVRQFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFV

● $YRLGEHQGLQJWKHWHUPLQDOVWRPDNHWKHUHOD\
【1】Mounting of Relay VHOIFOLQFKLQJ5HOD\SHUIRUPDQFHFDQQRWEH
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● &RUUHFWO\PDNHWKH3&ERDUGDFFRUGLQJWRWKH
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● 7XEHSDFNDJLQJIRUDXWRPDWLFPRXQWLQJLV
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sure that the relays don’t rattle.) Interference
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great.
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● $GMXVWWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKH3&ERDUGVRWKDWÀX[
【2】Flux Application GRHVQRWRYHUÀRZRQWRWKHWRSRILW7KLVPXVW
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relays.
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● ,IWKH3&ERDUGLVSUHVVHGGRZQLQWRDÀX[
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Bad example

● %HVXUHWRSUHKHDWEHIRUHXVLQJDXWRPDWLF ● Preheat according to the following conditions.

【3】Preheating VROGHULQJ)RUGXVWFRYHUW\SHUHOD\VDQGÀX[
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● 1RWHWKDWORQJH[SRVXUHWRKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV
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relay characteristics.
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$XWRPDWLFVROGHULQJ +DQGVROGHULQJ
【4】Soldering
● :DYHVROGHULVWKHRSWLPXPPHWKRGIRU ● Keep the tip of the soldering iron clean.
soldering.
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Soldering iron 30:WR60:
RYHUÀRZRQWRWKHWRSRIWKH3&ERDUG
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following conditions depending on the type of 6ROGHULQJWLPH :LWKLQ3 seconds
relay.
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5HOD\SHUIRUPDQFHPD\GHJUDGHGXHWRWKH
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6ROGHUWHPSHUDWXUH 260°C or less
6ROGHULQJWLPH :LWKLQ5 seconds
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● ,PPHGLDWHDLUFRROLQJLVUHFRPPHQGWRSUHYHQWGHWHULRUDWLRQRIWKHUHOD\DQGVXUURXQGLQJSDUWVGXH
【5】Cooling
of soldering heat.
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LPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUVROGHULQJ'RLQJVRPD\GHWHULRUDWHWKHVHDOLQJSHUIRUPDQFH

● 'RQRWFOHDQSURGXFWVWKDWDUHQRWFRPSDWLEOHZLWKFOHDQLQJ
● )RUSURGXFWVWKDWPD\EHFOHDQHGXVHDOFRKROEDVHGFOHDQLQJVROYHQW8VHRIRWKHUFOHDQLQJ
【6】Cleaning
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case.
● $YRLGXOWUDVRQLFFOHDQLQJRQUHOD\V8VHRIXOWUDVRQLFFOHDQLQJPD\FDXVHEUHDNVLQWKHFRLORU
VOLJKWVWLFNLQJRIWKHFRQWDFWVGXHWRWKHXOWUDVRQLFHQHUJ\
● 3OHDVHDYRLGJODVVVKRWFOHDQLQJ*ODVVSRZGHUPD\JHWLQVLGHWKHUHOD\DQGFDXVHPDOIXQFWLRQV
● 'RQRWFXWWKHWHUPLQDOV:KHQWHUPLQDOVDUHFXWEUHDNLQJRIFRLOZLUHDQGVOLJKWVWLFNLQJRIWKH
FRQWDFWVPD\RFFXUGXHWRYLEUDWLRQRIWKHFXWWHU

● ,IWKH3&ERDUGLVWREHFRDWHGWRSUHYHQWWKHLQVXODWLRQRIWKH3&ERDUGIURPGHWHULRUDWLQJGXHWR
【7】Coating
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● 'RQRWFRDWGXVWFRYHUW\SHUHOD\VDQGÀX[WLJKWW\SHUHOD\VVLQFHWKHFRDWLQJPDWHULDOPD\
SHQHWUDWHWKHUHOD\DQGFDXVHFRQWDFWIDLOXUH2UPRXQWWKHUHOD\DIWHUFRDWLQJ
● 'HSHQGLQJRQWKHW\SHVRPHFRDWLQJPDWHULDOVPD\KDYHDQDGYHUVHDႇHFWRQUHOD\V
)XUWKHUPRUHVRPHVROYHQWVHJ[\OHQHWROXHQH0(.,3$PD\GDPDJHWKHFDVHRUFKHPLFDOO\
GLVVROYHWKHHSR[\DQGEUHDNWKHVHDO6HOHFWFRDWLQJPDWHULDOVFDUHIXOO\
● ,IWKHUHOD\DQGDOOFRPSRQHQWVHJ,&VDUHWREHFRDWHGEHVXUHWRFDUHIXOO\FKHFNWKHÀH[LELOLW\
RIWKHFRDWLQJPDWHULDO7KHVROGHUPD\SHHORႇIURPWKHUPDOVWUHVV
Coating 6XLWDELOLW\IRU
Features
PDWHULDOW\SH relays
● Good electrical insulation.
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contacts.
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8UHWKDQHEDVH ヤ㄂ㄓㄆ
● 6ROYHQWPD\GDPDJHFDVH&KHFNEHIRUHXVH
● 6LOLFRQHJDVEHFRPHVWKHFDXVHRIFRQWDFWIDLOXUH
6LOLFRQHEDVH ワㄐチㄈㄐㄐㄅ
● 'RQRWXVHWKHVLOLFRQHEDVHW\SH
3OHDVHLQTXLUHRXUVDOHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHDERXWFRDWLQJPDWHULDOVRWKHUWKDQWKRVHOLVWHG
DERYH$OVRSOHDVHIROORZLQGLYLGXDOVSHFL¿FDWLRQ

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

153&ERDUG 260'W\SH
PRXQWLQJ
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● 0RXQWLQJSDGVRQ3&ERDUGVPXVWEH
①Paste Soldering GHVLJQHGWRDEVRUESODFHPHQWHUURUVZKLOH 〈Screen Printing〉
WDNLQJDFFRXQWRIVROGHUDELOLW\DQGLQVXODWLRQ Squeegee
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Mask
product.
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HLWKHUPHWKRGWKHSDVWHVROGHUPXVWEH PC board
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DFKLHYHJRRGVROGHUZHWWLQJDQGDGHTXDWH 〈Solder Dispenser〉
insulation.
Air
Syringe
Paste solder
(for dispenser)
Needle

Pad
PC board

● $VHOIDOLJQPHQWHႇHFWLVH[SHFWHGGXULQJVROGHULQJRIVPDOODQGOLJKWZHLJKWDSSUR[100PJRU
②Relay mounting OHVVFRPSRQHQWVVXFKDVFKLSFRPSRQHQWVEXWVXFKHႇHFWFDQQRWEHH[SHFWHGIRU
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● ([FHVVLYHSLFNXSIRUFHH[HUWHGE\DSODFHPHQWPDFKLQHFRXOGFDXVHLQWHUQDOGDPDJHDQG
SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHUHOD\FDQQRWEHZDUUDQWHG
● &RPSRQHQWWDSLQJFRPSDWLEOHZLWKDXWRPDWHGSODFHPHQWLVDGRSWHGIRUWKLVSURGXFW
● 2QFHWKHKXPLGLW\FRQWUROOHGSDFNDJHRISURGXFWLVRSHQHGUHOD\VVKRXOGEHXVHGSURPSWO\
)RUSRVVLEOHVWRUDJHSHULRGDIWHURSHQLQJDSDFNDJHSOHDVHUHIHUWRWKHFDWDORJIRUWKHSURGXFW
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KXPLGLW\FRQWUROOHGGHVLFFDWRURULQDPRLVWXUHSUHYHQWLRQEDJZLWKVLOLFDJHO

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● (YHQZKHQKLJKO\KHDWUHVLVWDQFHVXUIDFHPRXQWW\SHUHOD\VDUHXVHGGHSHQGLQJRQWKHSURGXFW
③Reflow DLUWLJKWLPSOHPHQWDWLRQUHÀRZVROGHUKHDWLQJPHWKRGW\SHRI3&ERDUGDQGRWKHUIDFWRUVWKHRXWHU
FDVLQJDQGLQWHUQDOSDUWVRIWKHUHOD\PD\UHDFKH[WUHPHO\KLJKWHPSHUDWXUHVDQGWKLVPD\EUHDN
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①IRS profile T3

T2

T1

T1=150 to 180 C t1 t2
T2=230 C or more
*1
T3=Less than 250 C
t1=60 to 120 sec.
t2=Less than 30 sec.

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● ,QRUGHUWRDYRLGGHWHULRUDWLRQRIUHOD\VDQGRWKHUFRPSRQHQWVFDXVHGE\VROGHULQJKHDWLPPHGLDWH
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WRSUHYHQWQHJDWLYHLPSDFWVRQUHOD\FKDUDFWHULVWLFV

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

166WRUDJH 1) Transportation 5HOD\¶VIXQFWLRQDOGDPDJHPD\RFFXULIVWURQJYLEUDWLRQVKRFNRUKHDY\ZHLJKWLVDSSOLHGWRDUHOD\GXULQJ

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2) Storage ,IWKHUHOD\LVVWRUHGIRUH[WHQGHGSHULRGVRIWLPHLQFOXGLQJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQSHULRGDWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHVRUKLJK
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17. Product 17XEHSDFNLQJ 6RPHW\SHVRIUHOD\VDUHVXSSOLHGZLWKWXEHSDFNDJLQJ,I\RXUHPRYHVRPHUHOD\VIURPWKHWXEHEHVXUHWR
handling VOLGHDVWRSSOXJLQWRRQHHQGRIDWXEHWRKROGWKHUHPDLQLQJUHOD\V¿UPO\DQGDYRLGUDWWOLQJRIUHOD\LQVLGHWKH
WXEH1RWHWKDWUDWWOLQJPD\FDXVHDGDPDJHRQDSSHDUDQFHDQGRUSHUIRUPDQFH

Slide in the plug.

Stop plug

'RQRWXVHWKHUHOD\VLIWKH\ZHUHGURSSHGRUIDOOHQGRZQLQDWXEHSDFNLQJFRQGLWLRQEHFDXVHWKHUHLVDULVNRI
characteristic failure.

Fall of tube

2) Cautions after ,I3&ERDUGVDUHSURFHVVHGDIWHUUHOD\VKDYHEHHQPRXQWHGRQWKHERDUGLWLVSRVVLEOHWKDWVZDUIRURWKHU

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FDUHWRDYRLGYLEUDWLRQVDQGVKRFNVGXULQJ3&ERDUGSURFHVVLQJWKDWPD\DႇHFWWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG
structural integrity of the relay.

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

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design.
1. Reliability (narrow sense), durability
Long life time: MTTF, B10, R(T),
Low failure rate: Lamda (λ), MTBF

Reliability Availability
(broad sense) 2. Maintainability
MTTR
Preventive maintenance, predicted
maintenance

3. Design reliability
Human factor, redundancy,
fool-proof, fail-safe

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Safe life B10 50 hours

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f (t)

10%

T Time B10
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(c) Safe life

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3. MTTF
077)LVDQDFURQ\PRI0HDQ7LPH7R)DLOXUH,WLQGLFDWHVWKHPHDQWLPHSHULRGXQWLODSURGXFWEHFRPHVIDXOW\077)QRUPDOO\DSSOLHVWRXQUHSDLUDEOH
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4. Failure Rate
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operating hours.
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QRUPDORSHUDWLRQWRDFHUWDLQSRLQWRIWLPHEHFRPHVIDXOW\LQWKHVXEVHTXHQWVSHFL¿HGWLPHSHULRG
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UDWH3HUFHQWFRXQWLVQRUPDOO\XVHGIRUUHOD\V

56DIH/LIH
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Automotive Relay Users Guide

[3] Failure
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of the relay.
Failure rate

(I) (II) (III)

m＜1 m＞1
m=1

Time

Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

3:HLEXOO$QDO\VLV
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where
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Failure rate

63%

Time
γ
α

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

CHECK SHEET

Refer to the following

Category &KHFNER[ &KHFNLWHP
Category - Section
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Panasonic Industry Co., Ltd. Electromechanical Control Business Division

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Automotive Relay Users Guide

Refer to the following

Category &KHFNER[ &KHFNLWHP
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