Sub Code:N4EC01

Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru – 572 103

(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Assignment - 1
Subject: Communication Systems-I Semester: IV Semester

1. Consider the passband signal up(t) = I[-1,1](t) cos 400πt

(i) Find the output when up(t) cos 401πt is passed through a lowpass filter.
(ii) Find the output when up(t) sin(400πt –π/4) is passed through a lowpass filter.
2. Let vp(t) denote a real-valued passband signal, with Fourier transform Vp(f)
specified as follows for negative frequencies:

(i) Sketch Vp(f) for both positive and negative frequencies.

(ii) Is vp(t) = vp(−t) or not ?
(iii) Find and sketch Vc(f) and Vs(f), the Fourier transforms of the I and Q components with
respect to a reference frequency fc = 99.
(iv) Find an explicit time domain expression for the output when v p(t) cos 200πt is passed
through an ideal lowpass filter of bandwidth 4.
3. Consider the following two passband signals:
up(t) = sinc(2t) cos (100πt) and vp(t) = sinc(t) sin(101πt + π/4)
(i) Find the complex envelopes u(t) and v(t) for up and vp, respectively, with respect to the
frequency reference fc = 50.
(ii) What is the bandwidth of up(t) and vp(t)?
4. A digital circuit generates the following periodic waveform with period 0.5

i) Find the complex exponential Fourier series for du(t)/dt

ii) Find the complex exponential Fourier series for u(t), using the result of i)
(Note : time is in microseconds)
5. Use Parseval’s identity to compute the following integrals:

i) ii)

6. Classify the following signals as baseband or passband

i) Sinc(2t) cos(200πt) ii) (1-|f|) I[-1,1](f)
iii) I[-1,1](t) cos(500πt)
7. Consider the following two passband signals:
up(t) = mc(t) cos (2πfct) and vp(t) = ms(t) sin (2πfct)
i) Find the complex envelope u(t) and v(t) for u p and vp, respectively, with respect to
frequency reference fc=50Hz.
ii)Prove that they are orthogonal.
8. Consider a passband signal of the form up(t) = a(t) cos 200πt
where a(t) = sinc(2t) (the unit of time is in microseconds).
(i) What is the frequency band occupied by up(t)?
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(ii) The signal up(t) sin 199πt is passed through a lowpass filter to obtain an output b(t).
Give an explicit expression for b(t), sketch B(f).
9. (i) Consider u(t) = sinc(2t) (the unit of time is in microseconds). Find and plot the
magnitude spectrum |U(f)|, and label the units of frequency on the x axis.
(ii) Consider s(t) = u(t) cos 200πt. Plot the magnitude spectrum |S(f)|.
10. The message m(t)=3sin1000πt+2cos2000πt is used in an AM system with a modulation
index of 50% and carrier frequency of 600kHz.
i) find the normalized message signal
ii)Write the time domain expression for the AM signal for the above specifications and
sketch its magnitude spectrum.
iii) What is the power efficiency?
11. The signal is passed through a nonlinear circuit whose output
is given by .
If . (Note: unit of time is in sec)
i) Sketch the Amplitude spectrum of output of the nonlinear circuit assuming

ii) Give the specification of bandpass filter to be used to extract AM signal from the output
of nonlinear circuit.
12. The signal m(t) = 2 cos (20πt) − cos (40πt) (the unit of time is milliseconds) is amplitude
modulated using a carrier frequency fc of 600 KHz. The AM signal is given by x(t) = 5
cos(2πfct) + m(t) cos (2πfct).
(i) Sketch the magnitude spectrum of x. What is its bandwidth?
(ii) What is the modulation index?
(iii) The AM signal is passed through an ideal high pass filter with cutoff frequency 595
KHz. Find an explicit time domain expression for the Q component of the filter output with
respect to a 600 KHz frequency reference.
13. Consider a message signal m(t) = cos(2πf mt +φ), and a corresponding DSB-SC signal u p(t) =
Am(t) cos 2πfct, where fc> fm.
i) Sketch the spectra of the corresponding LSB and USB signals.
ii)Find explicit time domain expressions for the LSB and USB signals.
14. The passband VSB filter Hp(f) is specified (for positive frequencies) as follows:

(i) Sketch the passband transfer function Hp(f) for both positive and negative frequencies.
(ii) Sketch the spectrum of the complex envelope H(f), taking fc = 100 as a reference.
(iii) Consider a message signal of the form m(t) = 4sinc4t−2 cos 2πt. Sketch the spectrum
of the DSB signal that results when the message is modulated by a carrier at fc = 100.
15. Consider a DSB signal corresponding to the message m(t) = sinc(2t) and a carrier frequency
fc which is 100 times larger than the message bandwidth, where the unit of time is
milliseconds.
(i) Sketch the magnitude spectrum of the DSB signal 10m(t) cos 2πfct, specifying the units
on the frequency axis.
(ii) Specify a time domain expression for the corresponding LSB signal.
16. Obtain Hilbert Transform of
i) Sinc(t)
ii)
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17. Consider a message signal m(t) with spectrum M(f) = I[−2,2](f).
(i) Sketch the spectrum of the DSB-SC signal 10m(t) cos 300πt. What is the power and
bandwidth of u?
(ii) Write the expression for output of an envelope detector.
18. Consider a message signal m(t) = 2 cos(2πt +π/4).
(i) Sketch the spectrum U(f) of the DSB-SC signal u p(t) = 8m(t) cos 400πt. What is the
power of u?
(ii) Sketch the output of an ideal envelope detector with input u p. On the same plot, sketch
the message signal m(t).
(iii) Let vp (t) denote the waveform obtained by high-pass filtering the signal u(t) so as to let
through only frequencies above 200 Hz. Find vc(t) and vs(t) such that we can write vp(t) =
vc(t) cos 400πt −vs(t) sin 400πt and sketch the envelope of v.
19. Derive the time-domain expression for SSB-SC and sketch the USB and LSB spectrum.
20. The input m(t) to an FM modulator with kf = 1 has Fourier transform

The output of the FM modulator is given by u(t) = A cos(2πfct + φ(t))

where fc is the carrier frequency.
(i) Find an explicit time domain expression for φ(t)
(ii) Find the magnitude of the instantaneous frequency deviation from the carrier at time t =
¼.
(iii) Using the result from (ii) as an approximation for the maximum frequency deviation,
estimate the bandwidth of u(t).
21. With the help of passband and baseband spectra explain the demodulation method of
Vestigial sideband modulation using coherent demodulator.
22. A SSBSC modulated signal is demodulated by applying it to the coherent detector. Evaluate
the effect of carrier synchronization of the incoming SSBSC signal.
23. Describe the limiter discriminator demodulation of frequency modulated signal
24. With a neat diagram, describe the working of PCM system with basic elements involved in
it.
25. Derive an expression for SNR of a PCM system using uniform distribution, assuming
sinusoidal message signal.
26. With the help of neat block diagram, illustrate the working of delta modulation.
27. Six independent message sources of bandwidth, W, W, 2W, 2W, 3Wand
3W Hz are to be transmitted on a time division multiplexed basis using a
common communication channel.
i) Set up a scheme for accomplishing this multiplexing requirement, with each message
signal sampled at its Nyquist rate.
ii) Determine the minimum transition bandwidth of the channel.
28. With a neat diagram, illustrate the working of TDM.
29. What is companding? Distinguish between A-law and mu-law.
30. Distinguish between slope overload distortion and granular noise
distortion.