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d) Australopithecus Robustus
e) Australopithecus Anamensis
~ He is aged between 4.2 and 3.9 million years ago and is believed to be one of the oldest
a) Australopithecines
~ Evidence of his existence is obtained from the Reconstruction of Material consisting of
9 fossils from Kanapoi in Kenya and 12 fossils from Allia Bay in Kenya found by Dr.
Meave Leakey, Dr. Allan Walker and the four fossil hunters (Kamoya Kimeu, Wambua
Mangao, Nzube Mutiwa and Samuel Ngui.)
~ The fossil remains (comprising a lower jaw) were named A. Anamensis in August 1995
in a leading British Scientific journal.
~ He had relatively large canines.
~ The homid was aged between 3.9 and 3.0 million years ago. Its Name is derived from
Afar Depression in Ethiopia.
~ He Had Apelike face and human-like teeth. He was small in stature and Bipedal, but
Walked bent over, not fully upright.
~ They had very small brains -Brain capacity from 375 to 500 cc – (Its Brain was the size
of an orange.)
~ They had a bony ridge over the eyes, a low forehead, a flat nose, and also they had no
chin.
~ Remains found at Laetoli in Tanzania and Tugen Hills in Baringo District.
c) Australopithecus Africanus (A. Gracilis)
~ A. africanus existed between 3 and 2.5 million years ago. A. africanus was slenderly
built, or Gracile (Gracile means slender) with a height of 1.5m.
~ Was significantly more like modern humans than A. Afarensis, with a larger brain and
more humanoid facial features.
~ Had large teeth, jaws and skull
~ A. africanus has been found at only four sites in southern Africa — Taung (1924),
Sterkfontein (1935), Makapansgat (1948) and Gladysvale (1992).
d) Australopithecus Robustus
~ He Lived between 1½ - 2mya in South Africa.
~ He is the biggest and most recent Australopithecine. - weight 68kg. He had more robust
skull, jaws, and teeth.
~ He ate fruits, nuts and raw tubers- was apparently a vegetarian.
~ His Remains were found primarily in cave deposits at Swartkrans and Kromdraai in
South Africa.
~ His Average brain size was about 530 cc
~ The East African A.Robustus was named A. Boisei
5) Homo habilis
(“Handy Man”) - “man with ability”.