Nes ignmant 8 + ® wray 4: Rie UZ Oo l-* fen = are ; ~ “ZO 1 V-C-0 FD feo- = foo 2 tere & £c-t) ee) But -| +1 fos nek onettenene. because, ioe hot onte Rt such oS YA whieh “kK f ic Arve mambers oF ave pet Ymages of ANY member oP te dematn: D Pine wnverse On | de a dees au g IR — IR* gen) = ot | “Ze —xu-, + x40, 1S Cha ta oe , because the LIne thyeugh cach petnr eh the y— aa Vey Ua the codemain of 9. P areallel to the A AXIS Meets +he 4Yaph 9 ebunest ene pore ey % any member eF the Codomain , he ony wea) number (n thls Casa, then there Is oO member % Of the demain 0-60, a Yyealnumbe? i tus Cage set, y =40%) yz y al® o Ty thik cote every Member of ane a Codomatyy Vs the mage of some meubey (oa unighe mem ber 1h Hits SiS) a tae domath “.7Puus J % yt! § yo-1 FP: yea Onte + “.9°Cy) 2 A b) Fig { wew|-verer} fen? = 2% \+lod foo = — + te ou a Vo pa rel WAZO 1 oy afean) m1 he lemy Tate Hy eH Ne = HAW MD Hy = He X11 %y_ IN Fem =) mt > x te odd mee HTS even when sx x"'s odd : foo, ) a Poms) Meet ot > MY MY > ee When Hy) Xe is even fou) = fore) Ay-1 = o-] Wy = Ha .' } 1s @n@—-ts-ona . WM t's odd yuxr y ee yn 7y ts even mo ts even 4 tw -) mM tye] : 4 We odd (4H this case every memrier of The codemoin so ane (moge of some . f Mew be x ee ies dono.. Ny ee 8 fe jeetrow Fey=Sy-1: yh even Yrro: yt edd @®w F:R—ie 4: RIR fex) =sing gw = fie qc fow ) = J Give = Cos domain =4 xelR | —-i¢stnxs fs = -@ fr ae gi boc. aw ip Rand J %*%* ehe-to-ene ,then So Is Gok VE @ ik onetoona , then, fea) = fen) =P x1 a Mo \ te > one 4e -oNe then gC) = glare) =p HPS Hy conailey, gC Feuy) = 9Ch omy ) ae FO) FO%) Cig 18 net che ME rm Cu hes onete ene) hh g a2 onte » then 0 i oF. simce 9% Bi5e (ts onto Suppose EEC, then there exrehs a pre - Imoge in be y Let the pre -rmage Mence , yeR sb geyyr2 Stuatlarly , s'wce So tne ts onto TR ye By Men there extsrs 0pre -fmage mA, é Let the pre Vina ge be X, Hene@ \ EA gueh that fears y NOt Jot :APC go fh = 3 C Scar) zoty =2 So, for avery % Th A, there ‘gs an Tmage 2 inc. Thus! a ges ts onto. mM) ‘f ( Tp f and 4 ave bifectione, then so i's goF prseP: Suppote there ave bijectrens € : AB and 4° Bc. Ss The» Bw Fa ave oha-te -ohe Punch oe then so \s ge F (pore ® preok ) As f Rg ave onto functions then seo ts gef Cpart Wd proc ) a gee is also & biject’en.dv) fe gf ts & bryech'on, then , j gobo? =F 347 C00 Then te following twe equations Must be shown to hold. ').(gh= i, CgeF) o (FES) = x, pre of The two equations gtven above follow easily From the Fact that the function Composition ‘is assactatl Ve a (Fag )o Cat) =F loa eg of) = Fto( ye) = flof -%, —@ (Bem (go) 0 (Flog Je goG of? bg!) = 3° Cc eg')10° @ Q a) wy Af ate 2b n fy 34 | “8 CS AB= (“> 3b mt2y By reeled of( asd) (%499) —3by — @a>b) ay Habx —bCat2y) ay _ b-BYy ram i) amp rayraba ruby —aby Bayrb by t3by — bx -2by —ay - Bbhy ran = (2%-3by )+ 2 (bo tabyray) 3B (bru raby +ay) = (bu +2by+ay) ansby pe 2 whee | 2 4 +) p = ax-sby 4 = bm aby tay > “EPFe ‘ ay Axe = Ge \ 6 zy). /* 4 : | ( .) (E © ze E/ \-t 2 Oa y _ 2m —y es (Fi. gt ~ Lae-e eo 2 =p ery —C) yo oF-etey _, wey pee ee x=-k —@ Ytet = -242b =b § =-2 —@G) let, may me per ait) A-f '! & 0 2 a (0 6 —-t.-2 -f[ eee 2 3 ° 2 - Se C Yu =e 2-~ a \ a = aw OG co tha | oa! { 2A. Aa io} Ol 1G ° a ao ai ™ 9 eo 7 8 go al 7 0 = -w 7-1 Sy ee Nw NYO a a A u <re a) eT A3-A = ar q(G) ee eee ree tar 13, » AHA cAr—t —) Pg) pcs) trae (1 Above pret ) Assumes Ded 2 ee Ga Naed +o Show that, -) ~” Pena AML AMT! Ate Oxr =n an ret =M_A But. @) =n. Aon fee ea hoa) = noo Ponai) is true. Consydor, n-2 2 APA ak —— Let ne teoLet neice Aer RP ate L 96 h =48 eon eat nz 9% ae emer © ne 6 po RAT oc ez ho AO At = ated By adding, ¥9 eq” 3, a ae 49CA-z ) ARN 2 SOR 44 ° Aree gg ft ee \ -l to — H aw azPe 4 ob) a) As A AA =A (AA) =a! AlAl zal (A-al)” = 0 (A -Al )(A-aAl) =O AR-AA -NA + Ala 2G ey =o (v nil= A a") Aa at. Adal =AAl+ ala . , u Mattiplyy oO by AA AAAs al Aa saa pal +A AAA! AW + BAA = (AAI) 4 ce) AA’ = (a at) a) Aap BR = T-~A B= As he (E-A(I-n) + T-A-AGA?2 ST-A-AtA (VAZzA™) c FT-A=ze - Bag . B Is idea petenie it4B = ACE-A) = A-A*2 P-heo® CHAszAz) BA = G-A)A = A-Ar = p-Azce Ct Azar) . AB =zBAzO 0 ©, wv — rod mw a | 2 nu 2 i ns 122 4 6 9 2 12 2, 2leleas5 2 2 [ 227 9 g 4 Aven -ST ) (oe > oe 2 © 1 oe) vy ro~ ae a as \ a aoere . ARYA ST e0O_ GD. ? Multiply © by Aa AAA GAA! ot all =a AI —yr-srleg A-YD = saz TAs L(A-ur) (Ss) cu) a ft : 2 ee ore) > o a _-N rep fo. — mS a) oo Kn a 2G 13 8 lo 4TAP aa A ESE AX A = + t2 oe 6 tee ' 6 f2 9 ! ae co ol 31 63 3I 3\ b2 2p EA tA -URESE = 32 -b62 —3) 44 oo -31 -63 -3) u2 41 — 3) -62 -=32 ta Oe ao oe oO oO = fo oo o o} oO Co 8 ©maltrply © vy av! 4 EAR AAT AAAALUAATES AN 2g -A yaa Hut +S5a} ce AT = A -FAb0T ) eS - iN @- fe @ ee io o cole tee ~(# 2, 4 Itleo uo 6 22 Toe te a. Av! A=f2 2) \ 2 | Vo2 2 My = & | Mig Ft Mo, e 2152 < t Mo. = 3 Mi, = 2 My, > hs My] M53 = Y20 Wwatyty Of cofactors of A, C US e given by , ae 3 -2 -) -1 4 adjhA eel 2 fy -2 -) =| 3 | - -2 J@ lal = a (3s -2{ ' tla] ' 3 dpa te Ce xs 2y -2 -| << & (8) aa 4 ° i. te al! 1A| a -1 RB -l =| -2 & a? =oo) 4a) ey ab AC ey abe abe av ab Sac b+ | be be et ab Ac Che bee Ra—eR, bre PET esse, ab Oe ee Dec bo4b ob ae e hy Rooke be ete R\- eR Ghee act \ ! Rear 3 e =b 2 ahe ac+a RIO RAR, —4 \ -b actaseas _ = 22 . € 0 -4 ° oie 4 Ro1R, ac be &, =o! ee ° a ce ° Cc —b RaR,- oR, é be ety fee etotsctey +b ey) c2 - 2 a: 7 A. . (arte fib? ) = ota y oti) ce ap b+e a “ b cta b = abe ce e a+b A =| bee a a b cta b c C athby 23 c a a A= RR oR, bre atze at2b ce c ath b+e a a Ry ARs i o 2¢ 2b ITS 9: oR, c CC atb - 2 bre a a ~ =) ° c b Ry “ZR, a Cc atb SELES 24 now = bee - be A> 2 ( +e al\_b cog c atb Coe aa [ C(bte) Carb) ac) web ( ecbrey-ac)] 2 [ C (ab sbtractbe-ae J b (bere acy } > (abe Heb api —p2e - be tabe) A = bbe aa Gi ) ae 2 (atb) ca a é ca i Cbre ) : Ea pe | abe (arbre) . (C+ey® Az |(atp)* ae CA (beey® oy b . ab (eta ft 2 = | eCatby mq th : + cee on Riter, abe ca acbte) a Lon, Be ab> bCc+at Ra bRg z 2 = (atb) c e2 ooo. 2 — ar bte) at ag oe | ba be (caay™ cia GO lcs b a 2 = farhh Ch etby Plax)” eae 2 2 2 a? bic) -a - Ce 2 Cg Cg, be 6 (eta) pb? =z Kath) (€ rasb)Cc-a-b) (Cath ye-a-b) a> bacda)(bre-a) 0 be ° ce tatb)Cc rab)Pe 2 a 2 | te Ce-a-b) ©-a-b) a = (atbte) oe ql cy ( b+e -a) a (cteab ) be : Set ig ( c4a-b) (etbre) = (app +e P| ber2ab 2b (ce -a-b) oF (b4e-a) ° RRR b2 } (C ta-b) _ 2 =(atbec) 2ab -2b = 204 az (eee) A R (PR, Re be ° (cta-b) 2 . = (arbee) 2 oe Gb -—b = ae a Ryo Res ob bcbtc-a) oo Ro PR ab? ° ace+a-b) eG 3 z Carbic) 2ab bia ' ot “i ab ~ (bre-a) GC2b \ ° ° 7 Cite, lp 2ab (ath rc)/O bte a lb b C+G Cites, % = gab (arte) (ch re06C4a) ab ] > 2ab (atbeet[ berob pcAtac | > 2abe (arbrey ; Bu-8 2 CIO pA, 8 8 3x-& 2 3) 3 32-8 an -8 3 3 Rk R zu Ac 3 Bu-8 3 oO -3é41l Bx 20-0 3x40) ° RRR, Az 3 34-8 3 ° 24+ BaA-|)r Bote -3e +t | Cg Mote Az| 3 3e-8 3 _ } oO a2 ‘ vd Considering 13 vow, A: (3-11) ( Gen ses )—2 cram) Syston) (42% 15 4 -a5m +55 4494-33) A = (3%-I) (fu'-29% a) As Azo 21) ee y @a-2) ' = ary a my w mx x8 g yy tty? 2 2. lace eS x ¥ e x2 yr ze € cotay etal ') l4x3 ltys 1423 x yY @ + xr y> Ze ae, 2 Ye? Ye 2.2, f |e” =|* J @ boyy ae ye 22 AYE = y e roy 4 mr yr Ze | ereors = fe y 2 roy ia y* g2)7nye| 2 ye 22 i \ | mo Yy é [rors = ay & yz at yt 2 + mye Lge 22 hort rood = (1¢ xyz) % IF Ciprged po poe (4 1 ' Chay ica I" ( yer—re)* cei) (x2? — 2) 4CrfP?(ayr-aty ) J A= Cltay zl (Yeryre) - Cue ¥2) +oxg-2y)] A =o, ot + Yy of 2 y #e l4+uy2 =O 2 wmye =o!