ANSWER KEY TESTS READING (p.11”) ible B irs floor Thick walls of stone or brick were typical of tall buildings before the ninctconth century. Clu: Until the ninetenth century most al buildings were constructed of load-bearing masonry walls, Masonry walls had tobe thick... Stoneworkers bullt these walls by placing stone upon stone or brick ‘ypon brick... 1.1) {orce means foad in this context. Cues: Joad-hearing masonry walls support a balding’ great weight the major vertical force of billings was supported by thick masonry walls. aa) "The nassase does not state that sturdy walls made ‘of stone or brick were a benefit of iron-frame ‘construction; in fact, such walls characterized masonry construction, All of the other ansvers are given: The introduction of metal construction made it possible to build larger interior spaces with fewer ‘alin shan before: An Interior wrought inn Steleton supported all ofthe buildings weight; ‘walls that once bore weight evolved into thin curtain walls that would allow more windows. (1.2) ‘As masonry yielded to concrete... is paraphrased in now they were...made of coneret...wall that ‘nce Bore weight. is paraphrased in Walls wed 10 bermade of load-bearing masonry..;...evolved into ‘hin curtain walls thar would allow more windows is paraphrased in .now they were thin... 30 more swindon were possible. (1.1) Tks tue thatthe earliest skyscrapers were eight or more stories high: Clues offer buraings rar ‘quickly became known as skyscrapers; Buildings of tight or more stories quickly transformed the city stone... (0-1) The authors purpose is to show how an innovation ‘eonitibuted to architecture. Clues: The invention ofthe mechanical elevator made it possible 10 construct even taller buildings: The elevator made the upper floors as rentable asthe first floor berating archivectaréfrom dependence on ‘stairways and human muscle. (1.6) Rentable vinane dosimble in thi contest Claes: The elevator made the upper floors as rentable as the ‘The elevator meant that people no Tonger had to climb numerous stairways tothe upper Floors. Thus, people desired (wanted) torent the ‘upper floors as much as the first flor. (18) "The refrcat of ley i something that crosed the traditional architectural distinctions separating the different parts of a building. The subject ofthe previous clause is iamovations, Logic tells you that they refers to movations. (1.3) Refined means inproved in this context. Cues: Construction techniques were refined and extended..t0 produce... "true skyscrapers,” buildings ver twenty stories high. The paragraph describes improvements in materials and techniques that ‘enabled buildings tobe tlle than ever before. (1.4) 16. 1. A. Steel replaced iron in the construction of skyscrapers thecaus stel is stronger than iron and resists fatigue better, Clues: ste! T-beams and F-beams replaced inom in these new structures; See..evceeds both ‘masonry and iron in tension and compression “strength as well as resistance to fatigue. (1-1) 18 You can infer that the author believes east iron technology and the elevator made the skyseraper possible, Clues: Skyscrapers differed from previous {all structures with thelr use of telnical innovations such as cat iron and the elevator. The development of cast tron technolagy..made modern plumbing possible. Cast ron pipes, fitings, and valves could deliver pressurized water to the many floors of tall buildings. The vention ofthe mechanical ‘elevator made it possible (0 construct even taller buildings. Before she elevator, office buildings were rarely more than our or five stories high. (1.9) 6 The added sentence alseusses priming, a wptc introduced in the previous sentence. The added sentence slates that Sophisticated plumbing was needed 10 service bathrooms and afso to heat buildings, which the next sentence develops further by tng hat pes tings, and ares cond elverpressurtzed water to the many floors of tll buildings. (1.8) BLD.F Key information: am alternative was ‘emerging that would eliminate the need for ‘exterior weight-bearing walls: a three dimensional grid of metal beams and columns; ‘An interior wrought ion skeleton supported all ofthe buildings weight. Exterior walls of reinforced conerete acied mainly as sweatheproefing: The invention of the mechanical elevator made it posible to fconsouet even tallor buildings "true skascrapers,” buildings over twenty stores high. The imention of stee! was particularly significant, as stee! T-beans and [beams replaced iron in these new structures. Answers (A), (C), and (E) are minor ideas. (19) the passage does nor state thatthe concept OF systems involves the origin ofthe scientific method, Al of the other answers ae given: scientists use the word “system” to describe a collection of several ‘components that are linked to one another by {functional relationships; the components ofa system, their relationships with one another, and thei relationships with other systems. (12) © Although each seience has is own systems with thelr ‘own subject mater and networks of relationships. is paraphrased in System components and ‘olainnehips dif foreach science. yet. the [ormal characteristics of systems are simitar for all ‘Sciences is paraphrased in...systems in all sciences share similar properties (1-7) © Tho referent of rhem is something among which there ae relations ar forces. The last part ofthe sentence discuss the clements involved in eysteme, nd the relations or forces among these elements. Logic tells you that dhem refers to elements. (1.3) B Exhausted means used inthis contest. Clues: The energy supply of a closed system is liited and és progressively used wp; The ability ofthe system to {netion decreases the avatlable energy bs ‘exhausted. The prefix ex- ~ out. (14) Devas Key 10 THe Next Genreaninn TOFFI ® Teari: 20, 24 2 2 24, 2s, A. ‘The cxample of mill whet illostates he point that the energy sippy ofa closed sytem i ited ines: The energy sippy ofa eos system i limited and ts progressively sed up by the processes ‘operating within the system; Wout any addtional energy supplied fom the ouside, the stems ‘processes stp altogetier.: Once the comin of iter & emp the whe! no fonger ms because {ere sno water oir (11) ©The Ean system asa whole i closed system because no mass eroses te system boundary, but some energy does Clues: mean define clsed dior thee ating emery but ‘ot mas to cross the sytem boundary. By ths definition, the Earth system asa whole is a eased System energy passes across the Earth system Iowndory at mas dos not, making i closed system (1.1) ‘A. Yonum infer that living organisms afc part of a lage system that rececs and gives of ene Cites: Living organisms are open systems; Each pen sytem ts part of aarger stom tha reeves and gives off ene (1.3) Dries np means stops long in this content. Clas: ihe energy supe. for example, the Siream othe reservoir suppving the ml dies np {fora long peri. The water tn the reservoir is. ised ups (14) 18 Youtcan infer that the mill whee is tmporaiy a close system during long dry period when there isno neh water supply. Cher: Plese can behave as closed systems temporarily ifthe energy supply hated for a peri for example the stream to ‘he reservoir supplying the mill dries up for long per: The water nthe reservar sed py and {Fthe dr period fone enoueh, the ml whee! los turning. (1.5) a BTheauthors purpose it lutte the pont that open systems are pat of larger systems. The seam ‘eservoir-mill system isan open sytem whet he scam flows again beease the water comes fom the surroundings fom th Bari lngr sar systems. Ces the sem-reserotml system iSiselfa part ofthe Earths much larger systems of ssater cretion and water budget. (1.8) ‘A. In he aed sentence, For exemple sa tanto tha iniaduces the example of hot enn a vacuum bottle The hot tea does mu nent ith te emironnent ouside the bate which states {he idea that closed system 1s slated from is suorondings, sated i he previous sensnce. (1.8) Closed Sone: The energy supp af cose syste is tinted and is progressively used up ‘vine proceses operating within the sytem, nat mass to ere the system ondary 10 inast fs exchanged between the Earth stom dnd the vest of the universe. ‘Open System: In am open sytem, energy and ‘mass cam be tnsferredberween the system ana ts seronndings relationships exist teracen the components of stem and is surroundings; Each open sytem is part of ‘larger system tha receives an gives off energy the energy is continually resipped Jot tate tc Bias Are A) and (F describe neither closed systems nor ‘pen systems. (1-10) BE DG Six PRACTICE TESTS FOR THE IBT 2%, n 28 2 30. 31 22 3 4, 35 é Answer Key The author makee the point that average levels of lie satisfaction ae similar for every age group. (Clues: ..average levels of life satisfaction do not change significant with age. Generally speaking, older adults are as satisfied with thet fives as are Younger or middle-aged adults (1.1) The passage dors not state that age is predictor of life satisfaction. In fat, average levels of fe satisfaction do not change significantly with age. AML of the other answers are given: One such predictor is health... Another predictor of We satisfaction is ‘afeeting of being in charge of ones own life.: The largest proctor of life sutsfction apres to be the adequacy of social relationships, expecially ‘marriage ad family relationships. (1.2) In change of means responsible fr a this context. (Clues. sense of authority over ones own decisions; fel that they have some choices and ‘prions... Peaple who feelin eharge oF tel ves {el responsible for their own decisions. (1.4) The referent of problem is something that signals a loss of control aver the lives of oder ada ‘The sentence states tht older adults experience financial stain. Logic tells you that problem refers to financial strain. (13) Adequacy means quality in tis context, Clues: perceived quality... 4) You can infer that clase social relationships are likely to influence long-term health an happiness. Clues: The largest predictor of life satisfaction appears fo be the adequacy of social relationships, especially marriage and family relationships; The ‘quality of social support availabe in one’s key ‘relationships afects the ability to handle stress and ‘Wf changes as well as ones ongoing level of life satisfaction (15) ‘The author says that people who are well adjusted il successful at midlife probably had pesitive personal qualities as young adults. Clues: Hel adjusted or suecessil middle-aged adults Began ‘adulthood with more personal resources, including Better psychological and physival heulh ut college age; had been practical and well organized... shown greater intellectual competence. (1.1) However, no measure of eary family environment ‘or early-adul competence... s paaphased in ‘Neither fanily background nor qualities of early adulthood. remained a significant predictor of sychological well being atthe end of middle age is paraphrased in ..ca predier lif sarisfection beyond middle age. (1.7) The author’ purpose iso illustrate a point about sitisction late in life, Ces. what did predict, success and well being at age 65 was..: Late-ie snecess is related move dire t.: that determines long-term life satisfaction. (1.6) Preontained means determined i his context Clues .a success al ie isnot something preonlained from childigod or early adulthood but rather something ereaied out ofthe opparninties avilable... 1s what one does with the cexperiences..that determines long-term life satisfaction. The prefix pre = before. (1) Aa) SaMSNYANSWER KEY ‘36 A. You can infer thatthe author believes long-term life 37 38. BCE 2° 40, 41 a 4 4s, satisfaction is afected by the decisions made throughout adulthood. Ces. is what one does with the espriences—borh postive and negative that determines long-term Ife satisfaction. The choices that people make in earty adulthood help Shape who they ave at midlife. a those midife ‘qualities in turn inflence who they become later inte) The added sentence further develops the idea that the happiest and most successful middle-aged adults ‘hal grown up in warm, supportive, inellecually stimulating families, mentioned in the previous Sentence (1.8) Key information: ..certain actors ae reliable predictors ofl satisfaction. One such predictor i health..; Another predictor of life Satisfaction is a feting of being in charge of ‘nes own ie anda sense of anthority over ‘ne ov decisions; Te largest predictor of Ife sasfaction appears tobe the adequacy of social relationships: The pereeived quality rather than te quaniyof socal interactions is most strongly related fo happiness: The ‘choices that people make in early adulthood Ielp shape who they are at midlife, and those amide quats in ur inence who they Decome later in if. Answers (A) and (F) ae minor ideas; answer (D) is not mentioned. “The thor purpose isto support the idea that is an illusion. Clues: Fis am ilasion because the ‘moving pictres seen onthe screen are not moving ‘tall: They appear tobe moving because... (1.8) {Catch up wit means ry to proces in this context. Clues. de image persists inthe brain’ sual center for a faction of accond: Then, the next fame comes along and the brain has t catch ‘np with the nvr image. As the brain hurries to process each image, one image blends into the next image, s0 ve think we see # moving piture. (14) ‘The author primarily defines special effects as Aechmuques and devices to create isons in fim. (Clues: Another ilasion of fm is Rnown collectively ‘as specal effets, the tricks and techniques that Ailmmakers use. (1-1) Rolls means operates in this context, Clues: scene Is filmed, the camera is stopped..and then the ‘camera rolls cain. (14) ‘Simulate means create the appearance of in tis context, Clues: ..create an illusion... feathers or plastic chips 10 simulate snow, and wires 0 crete the illesion that people are fying. (14) ‘You ean ino tha elon Fine nel under ta make scenes more convincing. Clues: Many sound fects are mechanical effects; During the silent film fer, the musle machine called the Kinematophone ‘was popular Beeaus it could prodice the sounds of sirens, sleigh bells, gunfire, baby ores, and Kisses a3, ing each half of a frame separately would not ncessarily involve mechanical effets but would involve optical effects. All ofthe other answers are given: ..snves fo create the ilusion that people tare ling: vibrating sheet of metal sounds like ‘hunder-ny coptes of bullings or cites. (1.2) Detraa Key 10 THe Nexr GrnrRanion TOEFI Bibel caesarean cet a 46, a 48, 49, 50 I 22 583 D_Toreduce the cost of studio sets or location photograply. is paraphrased in hus making Iilming less expensive .spectal-effets technicians ‘create painted or projected backgrounds, which replace the set or add 10 is paraphrased in Painted ‘and projected backgrounds are special effects that inprove or replace sets. (1.7) 1B Thereferent of whic is something that was filled with small charges of flash powder. The sentence states tha earpenters died small holes. Holes ean be filled. Logic tells you that whieh refers to hoes a3) A The author makes the point that King Kong combined two different types of special effects Clues: Somerines optical and mechanical effects are sed together: a tiny movable model ofthe ape..: stop-motion photography... (1-1) 1B Inthe added sentence, another example is transi tha hiixluces dhe example uf a ato appearing to take off his head. This example naturally follows the example an actor’ clothes keep returning to is body, mentioned in the previous sentence. (18) CE Oplical Effects: One category of special effects [sailed optical or visual effects, nicks made ‘wth the camera: Stop-motion photography can ‘ereate the illusion ofan actor disappearing on Mechanical Effects: Mechanical efets are objects or devices used during the fling to freate an ilsion..: Other mechanical effects fare puppets, robots. tiny copies of buildings or ‘inex: small contac-rigged explosives... In {41916 silent flm..mechanical effects ereated the appearance of an enemy imasion of the California voncoast. Answer (B) describes persistence of vision; answer (F) describes, omputer graphs. (1-10) © Whether signs of water indicate that if has existed ‘on Mars has been a major focus of research about “Mars. Most of the passage discusses evidence of water on Mans, Ces: The presence vr edvence uf water has a diect Bearing on the possibilty of life fon other planets; ..Mars was an obvious target in the search for life: al ofthe available evidence ddoes sieges that Mars meets all the requirements that are needed for life to exist. (1.1) 1B Astronomers ofthe nineteenth and twentieth centuries studied Mars mainly through photographie images, Clues: New photographic teohnology ofered «yay fr astronomers to learn more about the red planei: Other photographie images of Mars revealed... a goad photographie plate ofthe ‘near-inftared spectrum of Mars. (1.1) D__ Yow ean infer thot Schiaparell’s observation of canals on Mars led 10 new questions about intelligent life on Mats. Clues: The srange ‘appearance ofthe canals suggested to some soentots that they had bean formed arial: ‘rather than naturals. The mystery deepened. ADG as)4 58. 56, 37 5s, 0 61 a. The discovery of ancient islands ina dry streambed Ted some scientists to think that the Martian atmosphere had produced heavy rains inthe pas. Clues. features tha appeared to be ancient islands Tocated in what was now'a dry streambed. When the islands were first discovered, some scientists speculated that a thick water-taden atmosphere capable of genera heavy rains ad once existed ‘on Mars. (1-1) Today, the presence of water vapor in the Martian ‘atmosphere is generally accepted... is paraphrased in Most scientists believe there is water vapor tn the Martian atmophor.i nels the bolif thatthe ‘atmosphere was once mucls denser than its now ‘with a much greater abundance of water vapor is paraphrased in...which is now less dense damit ‘as in the past (1.7) Filled up means became wer inthis context. Cues: ster was once common. shullow lakes or ‘Seas that dried out and then file up again. The next sentence mentions dy stages, whieh that there were wet stages and dry’stages. (1.4) Habitable means suitable for bei Cus: seas and lakes extended across hundreds of thousands of square mules, creating habitable ‘conditions... A major idea in the passe is th the presence of water may indicate the possibilty of fife on Mars. (14) Layers of rok on the Martian plains are evi that water was present there for along time, (Clues: Rocks that clearly formed in water extend ‘throughout 300 meters of layered materials in several locations across the Martian plain. The layers were built up over time, which means water vas presen, atleast temporarily, for extended periods on ancient Mars. 0.1) Evidence of lava flows doesnot indicate the * presence of water on Mars. All of the other answers are given: Other photographic images of Mars revealed its seasonally changing polar ice caps. in 1963, a team of astronomers obtained a good photosrephic plete..:...water vapor lines could be Seen: ..clay and gypsum deposits that were formed by water in the soil. (1.2) Ingredient means factor in this context, Clues: Liquid water isthe key ingredient for life as we Jonow it the requirements that are needed for life wesive (a) ‘The author's purpose is to point ot and since Mars is most like Earth, life may have existed on Mars, Clues: all of the available evidence does suggest rhat Mars meets all the requirements that are needed for life ro exist (1.6) In the added sentence, Asironomers already knew ‘hat Mars had some kind of atmosphere logically follows Mars was an obvious target inthe search for life in the previous sentence. (1.8) Six Pracnice Tests FoR THE IBT 8. ACE Answer Key Key information: images thar showed a network of long thin, dark lines crossing the surface of Mars; "canals" or “channels” Other photographic images of Mars revealed its seasonally changing polar ice caps and Jfeawres that appeared to be ancient islands... the presence nf water va i the Martian ‘imosphere is generally accepted... diguid ‘water once flowed aver the planet; Bvidence ‘of water includes the presence of various mineral... water was present. .on anctent Mars; ..astronomers have discovered a frozen seq. Answers (D) and (D) are minor saa, ‘answer (F) is not mentioned. (19) Listen (p 198) D_ The tens purpose sto earn if he stil has required courses fo take. The stent 95 =. wanted to check with ou ose if thre are any courses fall need before T wanfer Think ve filled al he requirements, but wh, jst wanted to ‘make sure before I reper: 2) 8 The advisers purpose it tthe student know tat she wl have to eave soon, The siden sks he adisr if sho is busy, an she tells him about Imeting ot woth She says that he bas a fr minutes before she mast eave forthe mesing 23) 1B The student eaye wt hope te tae tothe wnivealy rex year (23) The student must take a course in natural selene: Yoke etre o havea east one inore natural science course before you can transfer He must also ike a couse in physical Cicatin took eyo at ned 0 ‘reds i ppsicaledcaton; Youre required to have four ered, and you ve onl go ovo s0 far. 02 ©The stent implies that he would ike to know more about gol He say ve onl played «coupe of dimes, ut 1 need to do beter than that. My boss plays golfand he’ aways aking bond i, would be nice know what he talking about! (24) © Theprofessor manly dscuses «severe ype of imine espns le apis The profesor Says A massive allege ection toasting own 45 anaphylexis;dnaphotai i actualy a disease, @ Severe form of allergic over response bythe immune Sjsem when IS siden faced wth foreign substance. 2.1) Boe venom can intte anaphylaxis: One ope af nmine responce hax fo wih bee Stings and bites ually aren dangerous tnless ou have analog nest othe venom. Peanuts can inate anaphylaxis: No ‘ne who wus with her atthe time lew she was Alera 0 peanuts, so they didn know nh she suddenly went ne nope teocee Te reason, of couse, Was anaphotarts (03) B,D BC 307 Aad AaMSNYANSWER Key 8 13. 15. D_ The professors purpose is to stress the serious effects ofan allergy. The professor says ..thats what happened las! year to alte girl who ate a ‘peanut cookie at a birthday party. No one who was with her a the time knew she was allergic 10 peanuts, 30 they didn ¥ know why she suddenly went tno respiratory distress. The reason. ofcourse. was ‘anaphylaxis. But by the time the medics go there, it was too late, and the girl died. 2.3) ‘A. The professors purpos i to stess the mysterious nature of severe immune responses. Sientists do not understand why some immune systems go erazy, oF fvermact to an offending substance, while other immune systems do not (23) of Yes: The chest fees tight and breathing is difiult: The chest fel tight, and the person has trouble ‘breathing, Yes: The face and throat begin to swell: Te tissues (ofthe Jace and throat may sell up 1 Nor Fatty particles attach tothe walls of blood ‘vessels: Not supported by the information inthe lecture Yes: The body releases histamine into the bloodstream: This ses off a whole seres of reactions involving the release of histamine into the ‘Bloodstream, 1 Nor The blood presure rises dangerously high: The ‘lood pressure drops dangerously tow. (2.6) ©The professor says With anaphylaxis a few minutes ‘can make the diference between life and death. 30 the keys to survival are being prepared and acting ‘quickly. You can infer tat survival depends on immediate medical treatment. (24) D__ The profesor mainly discusses the effects of mail-order eatalogs on rural Ameria, The professor anys Farm familie were isolated, often with limited Sands, and few could ard the time or the expense ‘of shopping inthe city. But al ofthis charged with the introduction ofthe mail-order catalog; The ‘Sears catalog sold food, clothing, machinery tool, ‘stoves—anything and evrything a farm family might hed. (2:1) A The professor says In 1872, a Chicago merchant ‘named Montgomery Ward began sending copes of ‘a-catalog to shousands of farmers in the Midwest; ‘This is how Monigomery Ward and Company Became the nation’s first mail-order company. (2.2) € The professors purpose is to explain how these services helped the mail-order business. The profesor says The mail-order business spread rapidly, largely because of improvements in postal ‘Services. The pos office established Rural Bree atinry and Parcel Post: These new services greatly contributed tothe success of mail-order, houses. 23) “The mass production of goods and the wide distribution of catalogs led to the similarity ‘of goods available nationwide: The wide Attribution ofthe Bears ontalog had another ineresting effect. The Sears catalog had a fot 10 do withthe similarity of goods available nationwide, Of course, this was also due to ‘the mass-production of goods: The tivo factors working fogether—mass production and hnaionvide dtsromiton--tended 10 mintnize regional differences in clothing styles. 2.2) AB 16. € nd 2. D 21, BC 2.€ The professor means thatthe Sears catalog taught immigrants about Amenean eultue, The purpose of ‘textbook isto teach, and the Seas catalog was like ‘textbook because it taught immigrants how £0 dress, how to furnish their homes, and.how (0 ‘ook American food. (24) Disagree: Nineteenth-eentury farm families had the same cultural opportunities as city residents: ..farm Families fel that they weren't Keeping up with the turban population, which had elecore lights, {elephones, and access to the latest goods in deparonent stores. Farm fanilies were isolated, fften with mit fds, and fos could ef the time or the expense of shopping in the city ‘Agree: Mail-order companies changed the lives of farm Families acros the country: This contact ‘wth the outside world broke their Tsolaion and changed the outlook of rural America. Thanks 0 the Imuit-order houses of Momgomery Ml und Seurs ‘an Roebuck, no farm was 00 Wsolated 10 be aware ofthe latest clorhing, furniture, farm equipment, Imusic, and literature Disagrce: Clothing ordered from mail-order catalogs ‘was more fashionable than clothing bought in department stores: Sears did pretend 10 bea leader in fashion, bu it did try fo provide what average Americans wanted. ci ‘Agree: The Sears catalog provided an important illustration of American life: And for immigrants who wanted to Become Americans, the Sears caalog twas @ textbook. Here they learned how to dress, howe to furnish their homes, and..iow to cook American food. 2.8) “The speakers mainly discuss factors that affet the color of water. The student asks ..why i water Blue, Tike blue glass? The tutor saye 117 because water transmits light of every color, but it’ clewrest for colors with shorter wavelengths; Well, there are actually lots of factors that affect the color of water @1) “he student means that she does not believe that wate Is Colorless. She wus rah uur nur dese? hhave color, but her own eyes tell hor otherwise. Her eyes tell her that water does have a color (2.4) “The students purpose isto check her understanding cof what the tuor said. She says So, chat means... ‘Then she repeats the tutors explanation in her oven words to check whether sho understands correctly. @3) ‘One factor that influences the color of water is its depth:..dhere are actually lots of factors ‘that affect the color of water; Such a... how deep the water i?: Right, Another factor is Sediments in the water: Thar’ another factor tha ajfets the color of water—sediments. Even ‘the cleanest, purest mountain lake contains a To of tiny particles that seater light. (2.2) ‘The ttor says Lates fed by glaciers get their colors from the fine, sponded silt the water: Some water i green and some is brown, depending on the ‘mineral conten. You can iner that a lake with brown ‘water contains suspended particles. (2.4) Drita’s Key 10 THF Next GENERATION TOEFL® Testn 24, 26, n 28, 29, 30, 31 2 1 The professor cays Throughout mat af human istry, a society’s culture was defined and ‘comnunicated primarily through the family: Parents ‘and grandparents had the job of passing on the culture’ history and readisions. (2.2) B By “cultural narrator” the professor means the ‘modium that convoys a culture's value and bolt “The professor says The cultural narrator helped t0 sustain the society shrowgh the preservation of vital Cultural information. Until the mid-twentieth ‘entry, the fanily was the medion By which eutare twas passed along. (2.4) ‘A The professor says He coun gure ont thetr interests and values, why they spoke aed acted and {fell the wey they did. So, he set out fo learn more ‘about the values of his students by studying their popular culture... 2.2) D_ The professor’ opinion is that The Medium isthe ‘Message will inlence how the students think about ‘communication. The professor says Ir @ book and «an idea—that you'll come back 10 over and over ‘again, and reading it will probably change your view of ow we communicate. 2.3) B__ The professor's purpose is to explain an important thoory of communications, specifically the meaning of MeLuhan’s theory thatthe medium is the message. (2.3) © The professor implies thatthe medias effects are of| widespread interest and concern, The profesor says that researchere are itereste! in the effets a television on human behavior. He says... there are 4 growing munber of issues and new questions tha require study ofthe relaionship ofthe media to Iman development. 2.8) B The professor mainly discusses how farm prodyets face supplied to consumers. The profesor 33 ‘Marketing is supplying people with goods and "+ sorvices—what people want, in the form they want it, and when they want it; Marketing links the producer withthe consumer; The focus of ‘agricultural marketing technology is on meeting ‘consumer demand. (2:1) D__ The professor’ purpose i to explain why agricultural marketing technology is necessary. ‘Agricultural marketing technology meets consumer séemand by geting farm products ready for teonsumer and delivering the products inthe forma ‘and quantities that consumers want, when consumers want them. (2.3) Picking cotton and milking cows are examples ‘of the marketing function of harvesting: Harvesting includes a wide variety of activities: for evample. picking cotton. ..milking ‘cows... (2.2) ‘A. The professor says 4 very important function that comes after harvesting is assembling; Assembling fs gathering large quantities together to make ‘marketing more efficient. Marketing professionals ‘want 1 deal with large volumes, amd seme farms don't have large enough volumes, so they have 0 ‘combine their product with the product of other Sarms. 2.2) AD ‘Sw PRACTICE TESTS FOR THE IBT Answer Key 22 R_ The profesoor enye Anathorfmetion te grading which sorting product or uniformity When people buy eggs, they Kind of want a uniform size— hota misture of small, medium, and large exes 02) “The professors purpose isto ilustrate the Function ‘of wansporting, moving the product from one place ‘o another (23) MB SrEAKne (p. 151) 1, Responses will vary. 3.1-3.4) 2 Responses will vary. 3.1-3.4) 3. Key points: “Tho university is raising the eredit requirements in snathematies and writing. The woman supports the new requirements + One reason she gives is that the dean thinks students need nore math and writing, andthe dean knows what he is talking about. + Another reason is that businesses need goo! mathematics ‘and writing skills these skills affet a company’s reputtion + Another reason is that graduate schools want good writers because graduate students have todo alot of writing, G5-37,3:10) 4. Key points ‘The whiskers of a cat are long, stiff, coarse, highly texa-acisitive hairs on the cats face (ips checka, and chin) that are tice as thick asthe hairs inthe cats coat «The whiskers are sensory receptors that can detect the slightest movement, including air curents. The whiskers provide the brain with information onthe cat's surroundings. +The eat uses is whiskers to sense and investigate close objects, The whiskers can detect ar currents deflected by objects—the reason thatthe eat can fee its way sround in the dark without touching objects. 3.5-3.7, 3.10) 5. Key points: *The woman's problem i that she would lke to go toa special event (pane! discussion) that evening, but she already has plans to meet with her tutor and study for a +The man suggests that she try to change the meeting time with her tutor. + The man suggest that she Find someone with a VCR who ‘ean record the panel discussion for het. (3.8, 3.10) 6. Key points * One type of learning disability is dyslexia, in which a child perceives the letters in words as backwards, upside dovin, or sideways. This disability affects the childs ability to learn to read and wit +A second learning disability is difficulty with translating thoughts into writing, This disability causes a child to become blocked and unable to write, to write very slowly, to have poor handwriting, or to have difficulty with spelling. +A third learning disability is attention deficit disorder, the inability to focus ona tsk fora long period of time ‘This disability causes a child to have trouble sitting sill, paying atention, and controlling impulses. + Learning disabilities afest a childs ability to keep up ‘with classmates, to remember, and to concentrate Learning disabilities cause prablems with reading, writing, and math skis (3.9, 3.10) FENF enous 309ANSWER KEY Wrrnne (p. 157) 1. Key points: * The lecture compares music to spoken language regarding sound system, syntax, and change overtime. ‘The lecture states that music is a sound sequence made up of separate, ordered pars: chords, measures, phrases, and tunes. Ths is similar to the point inthe reading that spoken language is sequence of sounds consist separate, ordered parts: syllables, words, phrases, and sentences, «The lecture states thatthe sound system of a musical Tanguage defines and limits musical sounds. Ths is similar to the point inthe reading that the sound system of each language restricts the number of acceptable sounds + Music has syntax, relationships between parts, to control tnd order the flow of sound and to allo us © process i This is similar to the point in te reading that language has syntax to organize and control information, and to express relationships + Music changes and evolves overtime, and different ‘musical languages can influence each other. This is Similar to the potn inthe reading tha language changes overtime, and a language ean adopt foreign words or mix with another language. (4.1-4.5) 2 Responses wil vay. (4.6-4.10) 310 TEST 4 READING (p. 161) BB Before information can be stored in memory, at ‘FAL GEIGER ata La eteRTER Clete ck inmediate sensory perception ofan objeto” idea that occurs before the inage i stored. 1.1) ‘One diffrence between shxt-term memory and long-term memory isthe amount of information they hold. Ces: Slort-term memory and long-term ‘memory can e thought o ax memary sbrcties, cach varying aso how mich iformation t can hold (11) Atte to mcans focus on inthis contest. Clues rece; meen ce relevant Information must be recognized es meaninefil tit isto be processed further Ifyou do not fac on the information as boing meaningful or rlevant, it wil tot be stored in memory (14) You can infer that something snot ikely to be remembered if itis not considered important, Cues Information that you do nt selectively ato ta vil disappear from the system, lowever: iso recognize and attond othe information as ‘meaninghil or relevant, iti ont to short-term memory (13) Information can be lst fom short-term memory sen pots pst fn 20 soca, Cl swore then dsracted by something ele or 20 “Seeands, you probably would have forgotten the imunber a that pont. (1.1) Make i to meas arive at inthis contest. Clues tunless the information is processed farther, tts dutch forgotten: Unless iformaton In short-term memory is procesed further, it does not make it to long-term memory It something is not processed any more, it disappears ors fongotten; thus, it does not arive at longterm memory.) The purpose hebind such Behavior i usually. is paraphrased in Usually information is rehearsed 530.5 «(0 memorize information for later wse. is parapieaed ino i com be ised lter. 3 along someties i sip fo hold information in short-term memory for immediate toe prephrcod in -buf sometimes i ir rohoareed so it can be used right eve. (7) ‘The author's purpose isto give an example of knowlege already stored in long-txm memory. seuss the previously learned information about other card gunes, which is stored in totem memory. cles associat opnew data with data previously learned and stored in Sagem meng «eat ootsn om eA ‘other games. (1.8) ‘The referent of They is something that affects whether you process information for shrt-tera ‘rong denn sorage, Te subject of he previous sentence is interests, aides, sil, and knowledge ofthe world. Logic tells you thot The refers 1 interests atitdes, sil and knowledge ofthe world (13) : Deuta’s Key 10 Tic Next GcNcRATION TOEFL® Teor