IGCSE

Extended
Mathematiss
Coordinate
Geometry
-
 the coordinates of
Find
x(x,y)
the midpoint
CD.

i
1 3.5, -1.5)-------........ x
(x,y2)C:( 5,1)
-

D: [ -2, 1)
-

midpoint, e
2,
( 3.5, -1.5).
=

-
 Find the length ofthe
line

3
segmentFG.
3

① FG =3 +
32
=18
FG s
=

= 3N2
->

---
-
gradient
of how steep a line is.
measure

rise_arttatop
gradient run
te

m
=
=

=Y3.
 Gradient
Man
I -

↓
0

+- gradient
the

i--ve...
-undefined
0-
-> zewe
 gradientof the
Find the line through (3-2) a (6,27

M
=

x(xzyz)

X
62Y,y,)
Yz-Y,

-
m ,
m
=
-
 have equal gradients.
· if I lives are
parallel they
if 2 lines are perpendicular their
then gradients are

negative reciprocals.
·

=
M
perpendm. ,
=-1
 - 1
Mp
=

2
yz-Y,
m= -

xz
-
x,

E
-

-= E
- 1 t3
=

E.
 three or more points are

COLLINEAR
if
they tie on the same straighttime

.
⑳
·
C

&

③ A

not
↑ collinear
y colinear
 1. Ma- ??
1

-
9 - -

A
6- 1

Mpc s
=

=
=

s
=
both leave the samegradient, which
they means that they're
either parallel or collinear.
But they can't beparallel to
each otherbecause they've
got using
point B.
the

·
ABC is collinear because ABIIBC,
& itshares point B.
 P(3, ay midpoint:(, )
1)
-

(1,2
m (2,3)
=

N (1,2)
=

- Dm =
-M(2,3) Mar 1

R MR 1
=

2 D Ai
+(yz y.)
=

Dur=(3-2) E.
-

a(1,)
=

DaR= N+(E)=2N2.

CMN QR
QR 2 MN
=

(length)
 ()midpoint-(, )
⑪
②
① E,)89:
E 44

I
72, -

3) =
=

27x 8
b
y
5
-
x
=
=

-
2 =-
2
-

3 =

x 0
=

y
=

- 11 A (6,8)
=

B (0, 1)
=
-
intercept: I

aintrept
y-intercept
#

c0
Let
=

find
to
y
intercept
lety 0
=

tree ine
 0

-intercept:y 0
=

0 -2x 0
=

x 0
=

y-intercept: x 0
=

2x 0
y
- =

0
y
=

3x 12
y
=

+
I
-
I

2
2
 mursalizon the x-axis
it
tells us that

~
6

3
6,2)
A(
-

543
-

-5 I 2
3 156
5 -
-

3 -
I

-
I

( 3,0)
-
-

3
-

-
X
-

5
((3, -

4)
-
6
 6

I XC

BX 3

4 3 I 2
3 ↑ 5 6
6
5 2 I
- -

- - -
-

-
I XA

D ee
+ y) y
=

3
Dc N5
- -

PBA N55
=

- 6
 -
Conclusion of Equations
(n)
midpoin+=(,)
midpoint
line distance/length

gradient
miss

metem-
-
run
 challenge
The best thing to do is take the hint the question gives you. Delete everything and make your own triangle so that you are investigating something that has nothing to do
with the actual question just yet.. So pick any points X Y and Z and join them to make a triangle but choose them such that the midpoints of XY, XZ and YZ are nice whole
number points. Mark the midpoints and of XY, XZ and YZ. Then connect the midpoints up with a triangle as well. Hopefully you will notice a relationship between the lines
of the midpoint triangle and the lines of the triangle XYZ. That in turn should help you answer the question.

(-5,
·

⑨ 0,0
&

2x
( 4, 4
- -
 scolence triangle

next
W

itigation,
parallel
parallel line has parallel
another one crossingthe
over
point.
every
parallel
challenge
wasinthe
is
in
it
A
X
X B trians

.
.
·

See
I