DATA

Tank capacity 200000 Ltr. = 200 m3

Height of tower from G.L. 16.00 mtr Foudation Depth 1.00 mtr Top Ring Beam
Live load on Dome 1.50 kN/m2 Finishes Load 0.1 kN/m2 200 x 200
1.00
Intensity of wind 1.50 kN/m2 Density of water 10 kN/m3
Noumber of columns 8 No. Safe Bearing Capcity 250 kN/m2 B1
Concrete M 25 Density of concrete 24 kN/m 3
7.00 m
scc 6 N/mm2 m 10.98
scbc 8.5 N/mm2 Q 0.13 5.00
Steel fy 415 σst (Crack resistance) 140 N/mm 2
Bottom Ring Beam
σct (Crack resistance) 1.3 N/mm2 σcbt (Crack resistance) 1.8 N/mm2 700 x 350 mm
Nominal Cover 45 mm Effective Cover 40 mm
Depth / diameter Ratio 1: 0.75 Spacing of Bracing 4.00 mtr B2
Reinforcement : Bottom spherical
Top Dome (Main / Distri. ) 8 mm ø 160 mm c/c both way
0.80
Top Ring Beam (B1) 12 mm ø 4 Nos. Bottom
two legged srirrups 8 mm ø 300 mm c/c Circular Girder 4.00
Vertical wall 350 x 700 B3
1 m from top Hoop ring 10 mm ø 500 mm c/c both side
3 m from top Hoop ring 16 mm ø 640 mm c/c both side
5 m from top Hoop ring 20 mm ø 500 mm c/c both side Circular
1 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm ø 260 mm c/c both side Group of columns
3 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm ø 260 mm c/c both side 400 mm dia Braces
5 m from top Distri. Steel 10 mm ø 260 mm c/c both side
Bottom Ring Beam (B2)
Main 20 mm ø 6 Nos.
Distri. Steel 10 mm ø 150 mm c/c
Conical wall
Main 25 mm ø 820 mm c/c
Distri. Steel 10 mm ø 220 mm c/c
Bottom spherical Dome 10 mm ø 120 mm c/c both side Circular
Bottom circular girder(B3) Main top 25 mm ø 2 Nos. Girder for Raft B4
 Vert. strirrups 12 mm ø 360 mm c/c 4 Legged
strirrup
near
supports 500 X 1100
Main bottom 25 mm ø 2 Nos. mm
Vert. strirrups 10 mm ø -420 mm c/c 2 Legged
strirrup
near
supports
Column supprting tower Main 32 mm ø 8 Nos. O.K. 1.00 3.00
Lateral 10 mm ø 300 mm c/c 5.00
Bracing main 25 mm ø 9 Nos. at top and bottom
strirrups 10 mm ø 120 mm c/c 2 Legged strirrup
Circular girder for Raft (B4) bottom 25 mm ø 1 Nos.
top 25 mm ø 2 Nos.
strirrups 12 mm ø #N/A mm c/c 4 Legged strirrup
Raft Foundation slab main 25 mm ø 1000 mm c/c
Distribution 12 mm ø 130 mm c/c

8 mm ø @ 160 mm c/c Both side

700
100

200 1.00 m Bottom circular girde 350

Reiforcemen
B1 3.50 m columns
12 mm ø @ 4 Nos.
200 8 mm ø @ 300 mm c/c
0m
200 10 mm ø @ 500 mm c/c
mm 10 mm ø @ 260 mm c/c 200 x 200
200 10 mm ø @ 260 mm c/c Fillet 10
mm 16 mm ø @ 640 mm c/c Braces 120
1m 250
20 mm ø @ 500 mm c/c
3m 250
10 mm ø @ 260 mm c/c
200 Reinfocement
mm
 20 mm ø @ 6 Nos. 25 mm ø
10 mm ø @ 150 mm c/c 10 mm ø 2 nos.top
350 mm 300 mm c/c 12 mm ø
32 mm ø #N/A mm c/c
175 8 mm c/c 25 mm ø
1000 mm c/c
Reinforcement Detail in columns
25 mm ø @
2 Nos. top 32 mm ø 10 mm ø
12 mm ø @ 8 nos. 300 mm c/c Cross -section of B
360 mmc/c.strirrup 700
12 mm ø @
2 Nos.both side
25 mm ø @
2 Nos.bottom

Reinforcement detail in Intze Tank. Reinforcement Detail in circular girder and Raft foundation slab
 Top sphrical Dome
100 mm thick

Conical Dome
350 mm thick

175 mm
1.50 m
m
1.50
M
0.00 m

0.00 m

0.00 m

0.00 m

N.S.L.
 1.00 m

1100
m 700 250
m

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
25 mm ø @
2 Nos. top

10 mm ø @
150 mm c/c strirrup
350
Reiforcement in circular girder

mm ø strirrup
mm c/c
250 25 mm ø
9 nos.top
25 mm ø
9 nos.Bottom
Reinfocement in Brace
 mm ø
nos.top
25 mm ø
1 nos.top
12 mm ø
1 nos.top

Cross -section of Bottom Ring girder

 0

Tank capacity 200000 ltr or = 200 m3

Height of tower from G.L. 16.0 m Foudation Depth = 1.00 mtr
Live load on Dome 1.50 kN/m2 Finishes Load = 0.10 kN/m2
Intensity of wind 1.50 kN/m2 Density of water = 10 kN/mm3
Noumber of columns 8 No. Safe Bearing Capcity = 250 kN/m2
Concrete M- 25 Density of concrete = 24 kN/mm3
scbc 8.5 N/mm2 11 m =
scc 6 N/mm2 Q = 0.130
Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Permissible Tensile stess = 140 N/mm2
Resistance to cracking sct 1.3 N/mm2 scbt = 1.8 N/mm2
Nominal cover 45 mm Effective cover = 35 mm

2 Design Constants:-For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 25 Density of concrete = 24 kN/mm3

for water Tank sst = 140 N/mm2 sst = 231 N/mm2
scbc = 8.5 N/mm 2 m = 10.98
k= 0.400 k = 0.288
J= 0.867 J = 0.904
R = 1.473 R = 1.430
3 Dimension of tank:-
D = Inside diameter of tank Assuming the average depth = 0.75 D
We have, p x D2
x 0.75 D = 200 m3 D "= 6.976 Say 7.00
4
\ Height of cylindrical portion of tank = 0.75 x 6.98 = 5.00 m
Depth of conical Dome D/5 or D/6 = 7.00 / 6 = 1.17 m
Diameter of supporting tower = 4 m
Spacing of bracing = 4 m

4 Design of top dome :-

Thickness of dome slab = 100 mm or = 0.10 m
Self load of dome = 0.10 x 1 x 1 x 24 = 2.4 kN/m2
Live load = 1.50 kN/m2
finishes = 0.10 kN/m2
Total load = 4.00 kN/m2

If R = radious of dome D = diameter of Tank = 7.00 m r = central rise = D/6=

D/22+r2 3.50 2+ 1.00 2

the radius rtop is given by, R = = or = 6.63 m
2r 2 x 1.00
cos f = 5 / 6.63 = 0.75 or f = 41 degree
p xR1 4.00 x 6.63 =
Maridianal thrust at edge 'T'= = 15.10 N/m
1 + cosf 1 + 0.75
1.00 1.00
Circumferential force =wR cose f - = 4.00 x 6.63 x 0.75 - = 4.90
cos f 1.75
15.10 x 1000
Maridianal Stress = = 0.15 N/mm2 < 6 N/mm2
100 x 1000
4.90 x 1000
Hoop stress = = 0.05 N/m2 < 6.00 N/mm2
1000 x 100
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement @ 0.3 % of area in each dire
0.3
\ Ast = x 1000 x 100 = 300 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 300 = 167 say = 160 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 160 mm c/c in both circumferenially and meridionanlly.
5 Design of top ring Beam :-
T1 cos f- D 15.10 x 0.755 x 7.00
Hoop tension'=F1= = = 39.90
2 2
Permissible stress in high yield strenth deformed bars = 140 N/mm2,
39.90 x 1000
Ast = = 285 mm2
140
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 285 / 113 = 3 No. say 4.0
Hence Provided 4 No. 12 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 4 x 113 = 452 mm2
If Ac = cross section of ring beam Equivelent area of composite section of beam
39.90 x 1000
= 1.2 ,\ Ac = 28285 mm2
Ac + m x 452
Provide ring beam 200 x 200 = 40000 mm2
Provide 8 mm f strirrups @ 300 mm c/c to tie the 4 x 12 mm f ring beam

6 Design of Cylendrical Tank wall :-

Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be assumed to be
on top and bottom, Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base of wall,
wHD 10 x 5.00 x 7.00
Maximum hoop tension at base= = = 175 kN/m he
2 2
Area of ring Req. = 175000 / 140 = 1250 mm2 per meter height or 625 mm2 bot
1.25 x 1250
To resist the hoop tension at 1 mtere below top, Ash = 312.5 mm2
5
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 78.5
\ spacing of 10 mm f rings = = 502 mm
312.5 / 2
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 500 mm c/c both direction from top 0 to 2
2.50 x 1250
To resist the hoop tension at 3 mtere below top, Ash = 625 mm2
5
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 16 x 16
using 16 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 201
\ spacing of 16 mm f rings = = 643 mm
625 / 2
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 640 mm c/c both direction from top 2 to 3
5.00 x 1250
To resist the hoop tension at 5 mtere below top, Ash = 1250 mm2
5
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
1000 x 314
\ spacing of 20 mm f rings = = 502 mm
1250 / 2
Hence Provided 20 mm F bar, @ 500 mm c/c both direction from top 3 to 5
1000 x 314
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 1256 mm2
500
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies lineearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the the combined section ,
175 x 1000
thickness T is given by= = 1.2
1000 T + ( 11 x 1256 )
\ From which T = 130 mm say = 150 mm
Hence provided = 200 mm, at bottom and 200 mm at top Av thickness =
Distribution reinforcement
0.30
At top , Ast = x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 300 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
 The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 300 = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 260 mm c/c both direction from top 0 to 2
0.30
At middle , Ast = x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 300 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 300 = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 260 mm c/c both direction from top 2 to 3
0.30
At bottom , Ast = x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 300 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 300 = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 260 mm c/c both direction from top 3 to 5
Keep clear cover 45
7 Design of Bottom Ring Beam :-
Load on ring beam:
(A) Load due to top dome = (Meridional trust x sin f )
= 15.10 x sin 41 = 15.10 x 0.656 = 9.91 kN/m
(B) Load due to top ring beam = 0.20 x 0.20 x 24 = 0.96 kN/m
© Load due to cylendrical wall = 0.20 x 5.00 x 24 = 24 kN/m
(D) Self load of Ring beam
Assuming Beam 0.70 x 0.35 = 0.70 x 0.35 x 24 = 5.88 kN/m
Total = 40.75 kN/m say 41.00 kN/m
Horizontal force = H = V1 cot f = 41.00 x 1 = 41.00 kN/m
\ Hoop tension Hg =((H x D )/2 =( 41.00 x 7.00 )/ 2.00 = 144 kN/m
Hoop Tension due to water pressure =(( wh.d.D)/2 )
Hw =( 10.00 x 5.00 x 0.35 x 7.00 ) / 2 = 61.25 kN/m
Total Hoop tension = Hg + Hw = 144 + 61.3 = 205.25 kN/m
This to be rested entirely by steel hoops, the area of which is Ash= 205 x 1000 / 140 =
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 1466 / 314 = 5 No. say 6
Hence Provided 6 No. 20 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 6 x 314 = 1884 mm2
205 x 1000 0.77 N/mm2
Stress in equivalent section = =
700 x 350 + 10.98 x 1884 Hence safe
The 10 mm f distribution bars (vertical bars) provided in the wall @ 150 mm c/c should take
round the above ring to act as strirrups.

8 Design of conical dome wall :-

Avrage diameter of conical dome = ( 7.00 + 4.00 ) / 2 =
Avrage depth of water = 5.00 + 1.17 / 2 =
Weight of water above conical dome = 3.140 x 5.50 x 5.58 x 1.17 x 10 =
Self weight of slab ( 350 mm thick = 3 x 5.50 x 2.12 x 0.35 x 24 =
Load from top dome,top beam, wall & bottom beam = = 3.14 x 7.00 x 41.00 =
\ Total load on conical slab = 2335 kN
Load / unit Length V2 = 2335 / ( 3.14 x 4.00 )= 186
Meridional thrust = T = V2 x Cosec f = 186 xcosec 45 = 186 x 1.414 = 264
Meridional Stress = 264 x 1000 ) /( 350 x 1000 )= 0.75 < 5.00 N/mm2
Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at top of the conical dome slab since diameter D is maximum
at this section. Hoop tension = H =( p.cosec f + q. cot f ) . D/2
Water pressure = p = 5.50 x 5.00 = 27.50 kN/m2
Weight of conical dome slab per m2 is computed as, q= 0.35 x 24 = 8.4 kN/m2
f= 45 Degree D = 7 m
 \ H = 27.50 x cosec 45 + 8.4 x cot 45 x D /2
=( 27.50 x 1.4142 + 8.4 x 1 )x 7.00 / 2 = 166

Whole of which is to be resisted by steel, As = 166000 / 140 = 1186 mm2

\ Area of each face = 1186 / 2 = 593 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 25 mm f bars = 1000 x 491 / 593 = 820 mm c/c
Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 820 mm c/c on each face of the slab
1000 x 491
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 1197 mm2
820
0.20
At bottom , Ast = x 350 x 1000 = 700 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 350 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 350 = 220 mm c/c
Hence Provided = 10 mm F bar, @ 220 mm c/c on both face along the meridions.
166 x 1000 0.46 N/mm2
Maximim tenssile stress = =
350 x 1000 + 10.98 x 1197 Hence safe

9 Design of Bottom Sperical Dome:-

Thickness of Dom slab is assume = 175 mm
Diameter at base of slab = D = 4.00 m
Central rise (1/5 x D) = 0.8 m
If R = radious of dome D = diameter of base = 4.00 m r = central rise = D/5=
D/22+r2 2.00 2+ 0.80 2
the radius is given by, R = = or R = 2.90 m
2r 2 x 0.80
Self weight of Dome slab = 2x 3.14 x 2.900 x 0.80 x 0.175 x 24.00 = 62.00
Volume of water above the dome is =
6.28 x 2.90 2
x 0.80 3.14 x
= 3.14 x 2.00 2
( 6.2 )- -
3.00 3.00
( 2.90 - 0.80 ) = 72
\ Weight of water = 72.0 x 10.00 = 720 kN
\ Total load on dome = 62.0 + 720 = 782 kN
Load / unit Length V2 = 782 / ( 3.14 x 4.00 )= 63
Meridional thrust = T = wR/1+cosf cos f = 2.10 / 2.90 = 0.724 \ f =
63 x 2.90
\ T2 = = 106.00 kN/m
1 + 0.724
Meridional Stress = 106.00 x 1000 ) /( 175 x 1000 )= 0.61 < 6.00 N/mm2
1
Circumferential force = wR x cos f -
1+ cosf
1
wR = 63 x 2.90 x 0.724 - = 26.33 kn/m
1.724
\ Hoop strss =( 26.33 x 1000 ) /( 175 x 1000 )= 0.15 < 6.00 N/mm2
0.30
Provide nominal reinforcement = x 175 x 1000 = 525 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 79 / 650 = 121 say = 120 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 120 mm c/c curmferentially and along the meridions.

10 Design of Bottom Circilar Girder :-

Thurst from the conical dome T1 = 186.00 kN/m
Acting at angle of a = 45 Degree
Thrust from sperical dome T2 = 106.00 kN/m
Acting at angle of b = 44.50 Degree
 Net horizontal force on ring beam = T1 cos a - T2 cos b
Net horizontal force on ring beam = 186.0 x 0.707 - 106.0 x 0.713 = 55.92
Hoop compression in the beam = 55.92 x 5 / 2.00 = 139.81
Assuming size of ring beam 350 x 700 mm

\ Hoop strss =( 139.81 x 1000 ) /( 350 x 700 )= 0.57 < 6.00 N/mm2
Vertical load on ring beam =( T1 sin a + T2 sin b )
= 186.0 x 0.707 + 106.0 x 0.701 = 206 kN/m
Self weight of Beam = 0.35 x 0.700 x 24.00 = 6.00 kN/m
\ Total Load 212.0 kN/m
Total design load on the Ring girder = W = 3.14 x D x w
W = 3.14 x 5.000 x 212 = 3329 kN
The circular girder supported on 8 column. Using the moment cofficient given in table 4.1
Maximum negative bending moment on supports = 0.0083 x wR
M = 0.0083 x 3329 x 2.00 = 56
Maximum Positive B.M. at mid span section = 0.0041 x wR
= 0.0041 x 3329 x 2.00 = 28
Maximum Torsional moment = 0.0006 x wR
= 0.0006 x 3329 x 2.00 = 4
Shear force at suppoprt section is = V = (w.R.p/4)/2 = 212.0 x 2 x 0.79 )/ 2 = 167
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is (At an angle of 12.75 degree from higher support)
V = 167 -( 212.0 x 3.14 x 2 x 12.75 )/ 180 = 73
Design of support section M = 56 V = 167 kN
56 x 1000000
\ d = = 430 mm
0.867 x 350
Provide depth = 700 mm cover = 90 mm Afective depth = 610
Mc 56 x 1000000
Ast = = = 757 mm2
sst. j.d 140 x 0.867 x 610
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 757 / 491 = 2 No.
Actual , Ast = 2x 491 = 981 mm2
167 x 1000
tv = = 0.78 N/mm2
350 x 610
100 Ast 100 x 981
% of steel used = = = 0.4596 % \ tc = 0.28 N/mm2
bxd 350 x 610
Since tc < Tv 0.28 < 0.78 Shear reinforcement requ
0.28 x 350 x 610
Shear taken by concrete = = 60 kN
1000
Balance shear = 167 - 60 = 107 kN
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,
140 x 4 x 113.04 x 610
sv = = 360 mm
107 x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 360 mm c/c center near supports.
Design of mid span section:-
Mc 28 x 1000000
Ast = = = 378 mm2
sst. j.d 140 x 0.867 x 610
0.30
But minimum area of steel is = x 350 x 700 = 735 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 735 / 491 = 2 No.
Actual , Ast = 2 x 491 = 981 mm2
28 x 1000
tv = = 0.13 N/mm2
350 x 610
100 Ast 100 x 981
% of steel used = = = 0.4596 % \ tc = 0.28 N/mm2
bxd 350 x 610
Since tc > Tv 0.28 > 0.13 O.K.
0.28 x 350 x 610
Shear taken by concrete = = 60 kN
1000
 Balance shear = 28 - 60 = -32 kN
Using 10 mm f 2 legged strirups, spacing is,
140 x 2 x 78.5 x 610
sv = = -422 mm say -420
-32 x 1000
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less = 0.75 x 610 = 458 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F , 2 legged strirrups @ -420 mm c/c .
Design of section subject to maximum torsion:-
T = 4.00 kN D = 700 mm d =
V = 73 kN b = 350 mm M =
1+D/b 1+ 700 / 350
Mt = T = 4.00 = 8.00 kN.m
1.7 1.7
\ Me1 = (M+M1) = 0 + 8.00 = 8.00 kN.m
Mc 8 x 1000000
Ast = = = 108 mm2
sst. j.d 140 x 0.867 x 610
0.30
But minimum area of steel is = x 350 x 700 = 735 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 735 / 491 = 2 No.
Actual , Ast = 2 x 491 = 981 mm2
4.00
Equivalent shear = Ve = V+1.6T/b = 73 + 1.6 x = 91.28571 kN
0.35
Ve 91.286 x 1000
Tve = = = 0.428 N/mm2
bd 350 x 610
100 Ast 100 x 981
% of steel used = = = 0.4596 % \ tc = 0.28 N/mm2
bxd 350 x 610
Since tc < Tv 0.28 < 0.43 Shear reinforcement requ
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups,with side cover of 25mm and top and bottom cover of 50mm
Asv . Asv 4 x 113.04 x 140
Spacing sv = = = 1226 mm
Tv-Tc)b 0.428 - 0.28 ) x 350
Hence Provided 12 mm F , 4 legged strirrups @ 1220 mm c/c .

11 Design of columns of supporting tower :-

The tank is supported on 8 columns, symemetrically placed on a circle of
mean diameter . Height of staging above ground level is 16.0 m. Let us assume the height of bracing is
4.00 mt . Hence 3 Panels of 4.00 m height each and 1 panel of 4.00 m height
Let the columns is connected to raft foundation by means of a ring beam. The top of which is provided at
1.00 meter below the ground level, so that the actual height of bottom pannel is 5.00 m height
load on columns
Vertical load on each column = 3329 / 8 = 417
Self weight of column diameter mm 400 = 0.785 x 0.4 x
2
16 x 24.0 = 49
height meter 16
weight of bracing ( 250 x 250 ) = 3 x 0.25 x 0.25 x 3.14 x 24.0 =
Total vertical load on each column = 481
Wind force on column
Intensity of wind pressure = 1.50 kN/m2 Reduction coffiecent of circular shape =
(a) wind force on top of dome and culendrical wall.
= 5.58 x 7.00 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(b) Wind force on conical dome= 1.17 x 5.50 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(c ) Wind force on bottom ring beam 0.7 x 4.00 x 0.70 x 1.50 x =
(d) wind force on 5 no. column= 5 x 0.4 x 0.70 x 1.50 x 16.0 =
(e) wind force in bracing = 0.25 x 4.00 x 3 x 1.50 =
Total Horizontal force =
Assuming contraflexure point at mid height of columns and fixidity at base due to raft foundation, the
 moment at the base columns is computed as M= 91 x 4.00 / 2 = 182
If M1 =Moment at the base of columns due to wind load
=( 42 x 0 + 7 x 0 + 3 x 0.00 + 1.667 x
+ 1.6667 x -8.00 + 1.66667 x -12.00 ) = -40 kN.m
If V = Reaction devloped at the base of exterior columns
V V 2 2

M1 = S M + S r2 = -40 + x 2 x 2 +
2
4 x
r1 2 2
= -40 + V x 8
\ V = -40 / 8 = -5
\ Total load on leeward column at base = 481 + -5 = 476
Moment in each column in the base = 182 / 8 = 23.0
Reinforcement in column ;-
Axial load = P = 476 kN
Bending moment = M = 23.0 kN.m
23.0 x 1000000
eccentricity = (M/P) = = 48.32 mm
1000 x 476
Since eccentricity is small, direct stress are predominent.
Using 8 bars of 32 mm f and latral tis of 10 mm f at 300 mm c/c
Ast = 8 x 0.785 x 32 x 32.00 = 6431
AC = 0.785 x 400 2
+( 1.50 x 10.98 x 6431 ) = 231519
moment of ineria, le = 0.785 x 200 4
+( 1.50 x 10.98 )x 4 x 804 x 110 2+
4 x 804 x( 110 / 1.414 )2
= 1256000000 +( 16.47 )x( 38913600 + 3216 x 6050
= 1256000000 + 640906992 + 19456800
= 1916363792 mm4
476 x 1000
Direct compressve stress = s'cc = = 2.06 N/mm2
231519
23.0 x 1000 x 1000 x 200
Bending stress = s'cb = = 2.40 N/mm2
1916363792
Permissible stress in concrete is increased by 33.33% while considering wind effect.
s'cc s'cb 2.06 2.40
= + < 1 or +
scc scb 6 x 1.33 8.5 x 1.33
= 0.257643 + 0.2123 = 0.47
= 0.47 < 1
12 Design of Bracing :-
Moment In Brace = 2 x Moment in column x (2)0.5 = 2 x 23.0 x
= 66.00 kN.m
Section of braces = 250 x 250 mm
\ b = 250 mm and d = 160 mm
Moment of resistance of section is
M1 = 0.130 x 250 x 160 2
= 832000 or 1.00 kN.m
Balance moment = M1 - M2 = 66.00 - 1.00 = 65.00 kN.m
Mc 1 x 1000000
Ast1 = = = 30.0 mm2
sst. j.d 230.56 x 0.904 x 160
Mc 65 x 1000000
Ast2 = = = 4456.0 mm2
sst. j.d 230.56 x 0.904 x 70
\ Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 = 30 + 4456 = 4486 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 4486 / 491 = 9 No. bars at top and bottom
Actual , Ast = 9 x 491 = 4416 mm2
Length of barces L = 2 x 4.00 x sin 22.5
 = 2 x 4.00 x 0.38 = 3.06 m
Moment in brace 66.00
Maximum shear force in brace. = = = 44.00 kN
1/2 x brace length 0.5 x 3.06
44.00 x 1000
tv = = 1.1 N/mm2
250 160
100 Ast 100 x 4416
% of steel used = = = 11.0391 % \ tc = 0.51 N/mm2
bxd 250 x 160
Since tc < tv 0.51 < 1.10 Shear reinforcement requ
0.51 x 250 x 160
Shear carried by concrete = = 21.00 kN
1000
Balance shear = 44.0 - 21.00 = 23.00 kN
Using 10 mm f 2 legged strirups, spacing is,
140 2 x 78.5 x 160
sv = = 153 mm Say
23 x 1000
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less = 0.75 x 160 = 120 or
Hence Provided 10 mm F , 2 legged strirrups @ 120 mm c/c .

13 Design of foundation:-
A circular girder with raft slab is provided for tower foundations.
Total load on foundation = 481 x 8 = 3848.0 kN
Self weight of foundation @ 10% = 385.0 kN
Total Load = 4233.00 kN
Sefe bearing capacity of soil at site = 250.00 kN/m2
\ Area required = 4233 / 250 = 17.00 m2
Providing a raft slab with equal projections on either sideof a circular ring beam and if
\ b = width of raft slab, then = 3.14 x 8 x b = 17.0 or b =
Adopting a raft slab having inner diameter = 4.00 - 1.00 = 3.00 m say b =
and Outer diameter = 4.00 + 1.00 = 5.00 m

Design of circular girder of raft slab

Total load on circular girder = 3848.00 kN
Load per meter run of girder = 3848.00 /( p x 8 )= 154
Refering to moment coeffiecents given in table 4.1, the maximum moment in the circul;ar girder is computed.
maximum negative moment at support. K1.W.R. = 0.0083 x 3848 x 2 = 64
maximum positive moment at MID span. K2.W.R. = 0.0041 x 3848 x 2 = 32
maximum Torsional moment (at 12.75 from support 0.0006 x 3848 x 2 = 5
154 x 2.00 x p/4
Shear force at support section is V = = 121
2.00
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is
154 x p x 4 x 12.75
V = 121 - = -17.00
180
The support section is designed for maximum moment
maximum negative moment M = 64.00 kN.m Shear force V= 121.00
Assuming the width of section = 500 mm
M = 64.00 V = 121 kN
64 x 1000000
\ d = = 993 mm
0.130 x 500
Adopt depth = 1000 mm cover = 70 mm Over all depth = 1100
Mc 64 x 1000000
Ast = = = 307 mm2
sst. j.d 230.56 x 0.904 x 1000
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
 No.of Bars = 307 / 491 = 1 No.
Actual , Ast = 1x 491 = 491 mm2
121 x 1000
tv = = 0.22 N/mm2
500 x 1100
100 Ast 100 x 491
% of steel used = = = 0.0892 % \ tc = #N/A N/mm2
bxd 500 x 1100
Since tc ###Tv #N/A #N/A 0.22 #N/A
#N/A x 500 x 1100
Shear taken by concrete = = #N/A kN
1000
Balance shear = 121 - #N/A = #N/A kN

Using 12mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,

230.5556 x 4 x 113.04 x 1100
sv = = #N/A mm
#N/A x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ #N/A mm c/c center near supports.

Steel required for mid span

Mc 32 x 1000000
Ast = = = 154 mm2
230.56 x 0.904
sst. j.d x 1000
0.85 x b.d 1 x 500 x 1000
But minimum steel Ast = = = 1025
fy 415
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1025 / 491 = 2 No.
Actual , Ast = 2 x 491 = 981 mm2

The section subjected to maximum torsional moment and shear should be design for the following forces.
T = 5 kN.m D = 1100 mm
V = -17 kN b = 500 mm
M = 0 d = 1000 mm
1 + D/b 1 + 1100 / 500
Mt = T = 5 x = 10.00 kN.m
1.7 1.7
\ Me1 = M + M1 = 0 + 10 = 10 kN.m
Mc 10 x 1000000
Ast = = = 48 mm2
sst. j.d 230.56 x 0.904 x 1000
0.85 x b.d 1 x 500 x 1000
But minimum steel Ast = = = 1025
fy 415
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of Bars = 1025 / 491 = 2 No.
Actual , Ast = 2 x 491 = 981 mm2
Equivalent shear Ve = V +1.65T/b = -17 + 1.6 x( 5 / 0.5 )= -1
-1 x 1000
Tv = = 0.00 N/mm2
500 x 1000
100 Ast 100 x 1025
% of steel used = = = 0.205 % \ tc = 0.19 N/mm2
bxd 500 x 1000
Since tc > Tv 0.19 > 0.00 O.K.
0.19 x 500 x 1000
Shear taken by concrete = = 95 kN
1000
Balance shear = -1 - 95 = -96 kN
Using 12 mm f 4 legged strirups, spacing is,
4 x 113.04 x 231
sv = = -543 mm
0.00 - 0.19 )x 1000
Hence Provided 12 mm F 4 legged strirrups @ -540 mm c/c center near supports.
Design of Raft Slab:-
Maximum projection of raft slab from face of coloum
1.00 - 0.00
= = 0.501 m
2
3848
Siol pressure = = = 307 kN
 Siol pressure = = = 307 kN
p x( 2.50 2
- 1.5 2
)
Considring one meter width of raft slab along the circular arc.
w L2 307 x 0.501 2
Maximum Bending moment = = = 39 kN.m
2 2
39 x 1000000
\ d = = 548 mm
0.130 x 1000
Adopt depth = 610 mm cover = 90 mm Over all depth = 700
Mc 39 x 1000000
Ast = = = 307 mm2 say =
sst. j.d 230.56 x 0.904 x 610
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100

Spacing of bars = 1000 x 491 / 461 = 1065 say = 1000 mm

Hence Provided 25 mm F bar, @ 1000 mm c/c to reduce shear stress Ast = 491
actual steel used = = 1000 x 491 / 1000 = 491 mm2
0.12 x 700 x 1000
Distribution steel = = 840 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 12 x 12
using 12 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of bars s = 1000 x 113 / 840 = 135 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, @ 130 mm c/c to reduce shear stress

Shear force at a section 610

mm from face of columns
V = 307
x -0.109 x 1.000 = -34 kN.m
-34 x 1000
tv = = -0.056 N/mm2
1000 x 610
100 Ast 100 x 491
% of steel used = = = 0.08 % \ tc = #N/A N/mm2
bxd 1000 x 610
Since tc ###Tv #N/A #N/A -0.056 #N/A

Reinforcement shown in drawing

 kN/mm3
N/mm2

7.00 m

1.00 m

kN/m

Safe

safe
% of area in each direction.

50.2 mm2
mm
 kN

113 mm2
No.

mm f ring beam.

be assumed to be free

kN/m height
mm2 both side

79 mm2

mtr from top

201 mm2

mtr from top

314 mm2

mtr from top

200 mm

79 mm2
 mtr from top

79 mm2

mtr from top

79 mm2

meter upto
45 mm

1466 mm2

314 mm2

No.

< 1.2
Hence safe
mm c/c should taken

5.50
5.58
1125
308
902

kN/m
kN
safe
 kN

491 mm2

79 mm2

he meridions.
< 1.3
Hence safe

0.80 m

kN

2.00 2x
3.00
72 mm3

kN/m
44 Degree

safe

safe

79 mm2

mm
ng the meridions.
 kN/m
kN

safe

kN.m

kN/m

kN/m
167 kN
m higher support)
kN

610 mm

491 mm2

N/mm2
einforcement required

491 mm2

N/mm2
 -420 mm

mm

610 mm
0

491 mm2

N/mm2

einforcement required

4 m
ht of bracing is
m height.
hich is provided at
m height

417 kN
49 kN

15 kN
481 kN

0.70

42 kN
7 kN
3 kN
34 kN
5 kN
91 kN
undation, the
 kN.m

-4
kN.m

kN
kN.m

mm2
mm3

6050

N/mm2

O.K.

2.00 (1/2)

491 mm2
 kN

N/mm2

N/mm2

einforcement required

150 mm

120 mm

0.68 m
1.00 m

kN/m

kN.m
kN.m
kN.m

kN

kN

kN

1100 mm

491 mm2
 N/mm2

mm2

491 mm2

mm2

491

kn

N/mm2

er near supports.
 700 mm

460.5 mm2

491 mm2

mm
mm2

113 mm2

N/mm2
 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254
(Fe 250)
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500)
Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M 15 20 25 30 35 40
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

Shear stress tc Reiforcement % modification factore Table

100As 100As % fy 200 250 328
M-20 M-20
 M-20 M-20
bd bd 0.0
0.14 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.05
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.10
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.15
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.20
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.25 2
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.30 1.85
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 0.35 1.75
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 0.4 1.65
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.5 2.0 1.5
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 0.6 1.75 1.4
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30 Value of angle
0.55 0.31 Degree sin cosine tangent sec cosec
0.56 0.31 1.0 0.017 0.999 0.017 1.001 57.307
0.57 0.31 1.5 0.026 0.999 0.262 1.001 38.462
0.58 0.31 2.0 0.035 0.999 0.035 1.001 28.662
0.59 0.31 2.5 0.044 0.999 0.044 1.001 22.936
0.6 0.32 3.0 0.052 0.998 0.052 1.002 19.109
0.61 0.32 3.5 0.061 0.998 0.061 1.002 16.393
0.62 0.32 4.0 0.070 0.997 0.070 1.003 14.347
0.63 0.32 4.5 0.078 0.996 0.079 1.004 12.747
0.64 0.32 5.0 0.087 0.996 0.087 1.004 11.481
0.65 0.33 5.5 0.096 0.995 0.096 1.005 10.434
0.66 0.33 6.0 0.104 0.994 0.105 1.006 9.615
0.67 0.33 6.5 0.113 0.993 0.114 1.007 8.834
0.68 0.33 7.0 0.122 0.992 0.123 1.008 8.210
0.69 0.33 7.5 0.131 0.991 0.132 1.009 7.663
0.7 0.34 8.0 0.139 0.990 0.141 1.010 7.189
0.71 0.34 8.5 0.148 0.989 0.149 1.011 6.766
0.72 0.34 9.0 0.156 0.987 0.158 1.013 6.394
0.73 0.34 9.5 0.165 0.986 0.168 1.014 6.046
0.74 0.34 10.0 0.174 0.984 0.176 1.016 5.760
0.75 0.35 10.5 0.182 0.983 0.185 1.017 5.488
0.76 0.35 11.0 0.191 0.981 0.194 1.019 5.241
0.77 0.35 11.5 0.199 0.979 0.204 1.021 5.016
0.78 0.35 12.0 0.208 0.978 0.213 1.022 4.810
0.79 0.35 12.5 0.819 0.976 0.839 1.025 1.221
0.8 0.35 13.0 0.225 0.974 0.231 1.027 4.446
0.81 0.35 13.5 0.233 0.972 0.240 1.029 4.284
0.82 0.36 14.0 0.242 0.970 0.249 1.031 4.134
0.83 0.36 14.5 0.250 0.968 0.259 1.033 3.995
0.84 0.36 15.0 0.259 0.965 0.268 1.036 3.864
0.85 0.36 15.5 0.259 0.963 0.269 1.038 3.864
0.86 0.36 16.0 0.276 0.961 0.287 1.041 3.628
0.87 0.36 16.5 0.284 0.958 0.296 1.044 3.521
0.88 0.37 17.0 0.292 0.956 0.306 1.046 3.421
0.89 0.37 17.5 0.301 0.953 0.316 1.049 3.326
0.9 0.37 18.0 0.309 0.951 0.325 1.052 3.236
0.91 0.37 18.5 0.317 0.948 0.335 1.055 3.152
0.92 0.37 19.0 0.326 0.945 0.344 1.058 3.072
0.93 0.37 19.5 0.334 0.942 0.354 1.062 2.996
0.94 0.38 20.0 0.342 0.939 0.364 1.065 2.924
0.95 0.38 20.5 0.350 0.936 0.374 1.068 2.856
0.96 0.38 21.0 0.358 0.933 0.384 1.072 2.791
0.97 0.38 21.5 0.367 0.930 0.394 1.075 2.729
0.98 0.38 22.0 0.375 0.927 0.404 1.079 2.670
0.99 0.38 22.5 0.383 0.923 0.415 1.083 2.613
1.00 0.39 23.0 0.391 0.920 0.425 1.087 2.560
1.01 0.39 23.5 0.399 0.917 0.435 1.091 2.508
1.02 0.39 24.0 0.407 0.913 0.445 1.095 2.459
1.03 0.39 24.5 0.415 0.909 0.456 1.100 2.411
1.04 0.39 25.0 0.422 0.906 0.466 1.104 2.370
1.05 0.39 25.5 0.431 0.905 0.476 1.105 2.323
1.06 0.39 26.0 0.438 0.897 0.489 1.115 2.282
1.07 0.39 26.5 0.446 0.894 0.499 1.119 2.241
1.08 0.4 27.0 0.454 0.891 0.510 1.122 2.203
1.09 0.4 27.5 0.462 0.887 0.521 1.127 2.166
1.10 0.4 28.0 0.469 0.882 0.532 1.134 2.130
1.11 0.4 28.5 0.477 0.878 0.543 1.139 2.096
1.12 0.4 29.0 0.485 0.874 0.555 1.144 2.063
1.13 0.4 29.5 0.492 0.870 0.566 1.149 2.031
1.14 0.4 30.0 0.500 0.866 0.577 1.155 2.000
1.15 0.4 30.5 0.508 0.861 0.589 1.161 1.970
1.16 0.41 31.0 0.515 0.857 0.601 1.167 1.942
1.17 0.41 31.5 0.522 0.852 0.613 1.174 1.914
1.18 0.41 32.0 0.530 0.848 0.625 1.179 1.887
1.19 0.41 32.5 0.537 0.843 0.637 1.186 1.862
1.20 0.41 33.0 0.545 0.838 0.650 1.193 1.836
1.21 0.41 33.5 0.552 0.833 0.663 1.200 1.812
1.22 0.41 34.0 0.559 0.829 0.675 1.206 1.788
1.23 0.41 34.5 0.566 0.824 0.687 1.214 1.766
1.24 0.41 35.0 0.573 0.819 0.700 1.221 1.745
1.25 0.42 35.5 0.581 0.814 0.713 1.229 1.722
1.26 0.42 36.0 0.588 0.809 0.726 1.236 1.702
1.27 0.42 36.5 0.595 0.803 0.741 1.245 1.681
1.28 0.42 37.0 0.602 0.798 0.754 1.253 1.662
1.29 0.42 37.5 0.609 0.793 0.768 1.261 1.643
1.30 0.42 38.0 0.616 0.788 0.781 1.269 1.624
1.31 0.42 38.5 0.623 0.782 0.796 1.279 1.606
1.32 0.42 39.0 0.629 0.777 0.810 1.287 1.589
1.33 0.43 39.5 0.636 0.771 0.825 1.297 1.572
1.34 0.43 40.0 0.643 0.766 0.839 1.305 1.555
1.35 0.43 40.5 0.649 0.760 0.854 1.316 1.540
1.36 0.43 41.0 0.656 0.754 0.870 1.326 1.524
1.37 0.43 41.5 0.663 0.748 0.886 1.337 1.509
1.38 0.43 42.0 0.669 0.743 0.901 1.346 1.495
1.39 0.43 42.5 0.676 0.737 0.917 1.357 1.480
1.40 0.43 43.0 0.682 0.731 0.933 1.368 1.466
1.41 0.44 43.5 0.688 0.725 0.949 1.379 1.453
1.42 0.44 44.0 0.695 0.719 0.966 1.391 1.440
1.43 0.44 44.5 0.701 0.713 0.983 1.403 1.427
1.44 0.44 45.0 0.707 0.707 1.000 1.414 1.414
1.45 0.44 45.5 0.713 0.700 1.019 1.429 1.402
1.46 0.44 46.0 0.719 0.694 1.036 1.441 1.390
1.47 0.44 46.5 0.725 0.688 1.054 1.453 1.379
1.48 0.44 47.0 0.731 0.681 1.074 1.468 1.367
1.49 0.44 47.5 0.737 0.675 1.092 1.481 1.356
1.50 0.45 48.0 0.742 0.669 1.109 1.495 1.348
1.51 0.45 48.5 0.749 0.662 1.131 1.511 1.335
1.52 0.45 49.0 0.755 0.656 1.150 1.524 1.325
1.53 0.45 49.5 0.760 0.649 1.172 1.541 1.315
1.54 0.45 50.0 0.766 0.642 1.193 1.558 1.305
1.55 0.45 50.5 0.772 0.636 1.213 1.572 1.296
1.56 0.45 51.0 0.777 0.629 1.235 1.590 1.287
1.57 0.45 51.5 0.786 0.622 1.263 1.608 1.273
1.58 0.45 52.0 0.788 0.615 1.281 1.626 1.269
1.59 0.45 52.5 0.793 0.608 1.305 1.645 1.261
1.60 0.45 53.0 0.799 0.601 1.329 1.664 1.252
1.61 0.45 53.5 0.804 0.594 1.353 1.684 1.244
1.62 0.45 54.0 0.809 0.587 1.378 1.704 1.236
1.63 0.46 54.5 0.814 0.580 1.404 1.724 1.228
1.64 0.46 55.0 0.819 0.573 1.429 1.745 1.221
1.65 0.46 55.5 0.824 0.566 1.456 1.767 1.213
1.66 0.46 56.0 0.829 0.559 1.483 1.789 1.206
1.67 0.46 56.5 0.834 0.551 1.513 1.815 1.199
1.68 0.46 57.0 0.839 0.544 1.542 1.838 1.192
1.69 0.46 57.5 0.843 0.537 1.570 1.862 1.186
1.70 0.46 58.0 0.848 0.529 1.603 1.890 1.179
1.71 0.46 58.5 0.853 0.522 1.633 1.916 1.173
1.72 0.46 59.0 0.857 0.515 1.664 1.942 1.167
1.73 0.46 59.5 0.862 0.507 1.699 1.972 1.161
1.74 0.46 60.0 0.866 0.500 1.732 2.000 1.155
1.75 0.47 60.5 0.870 0.492 1.769 2.033 1.149
1.76 0.47 61.0 0.875 0.484 1.807 2.066 1.143
1.77 0.47 61.5 0.879 0.477 1.842 2.096 1.138
1.78 0.47 62.0 0.883 0.469 1.883 2.132 1.133
1.79 0.47 62.5 0.887 0.461 1.924 2.169 1.127
1.80 0.47 63.0 0.891 0.453 1.967 2.208 1.122
1.81 0.47 63.5 0.895 0.446 2.007 2.242 1.117
1.82 0.47 64.0 0.899 0.438 2.052 2.283 1.113
1.83 0.47 64.5 0.903 0.430 2.099 2.326 1.108
1.84 0.47 65.0 0.906 0.422 2.148 2.370 1.103
1.85 0.47 65.5 0.910 0.414 2.198 2.415 1.099
1.86 0.47 66.0 0.914 0.406 2.250 2.463 1.095
1.87 0.47 66.5 0.917 0.398 2.304 2.513 1.091
1.88 0.48 67.0 0.921 0.390 2.360 2.564 1.086
1.89 0.48 67.5 0.924 0.382 2.418 2.618 1.082
1.90 0.48 68.0 0.927 0.374 2.479 2.674 1.079
1.91 0.48 68.5 0.930 0.367 2.539 2.729 1.075
1.92 0.48 69.0 0.934 0.358 2.608 2.793 1.071
1.93 0.48 69.5 0.937 0.350 2.674 2.856 1.068
1.94 0.48 70.0 0.940 0.342 2.747 2.924 1.064
1.95 0.48 70.5 0.943 0.333 2.831 3.003 1.061
1.96 0.48 71.0 0.946 0.326 2.904 3.072 1.058
1.97 0.48 71.5 0.948 0.317 2.989 3.152 1.055
1.98 0.48 72.0 0.951 0.309 3.078 3.236 1.052
1.99 0.48 72.5 0.954 0.301 3.172 3.326 1.049
2.00 0.49 73.0 0.956 0.292 3.271 3.420 1.046
2.01 0.49 73.5 0.959 0.284 3.376 3.521 1.043
2.02 0.49 74.0 0.961 0.276 3.488 3.628 1.040
2.03 0.49 74.5 0.964 0.267 3.606 3.743 1.038
2.04 0.49 75.0 0.966 0.259 3.732 3.864 1.035
2.05 0.49 75.5 0.968 0.250 3.868 3.995 1.033
2.06 0.49 76.0 0.970 0.242 4.011 4.134 1.031
2.07 0.49 76.5 0.982 0.233 4.209 4.284 1.018
2.08 0.49 77.0 0.974 0.225 4.332 4.446 1.026
2.09 0.49 77.5 0.976 0.216 4.511 4.621 1.024
2.10 0.49 78.0 0.978 0.208 4.705 4.810 1.022
2.11 0.49 78.5 0.980 0.199 4.915 5.016 1.021
2.12 0.49 79.0 0.982 0.191 5.145 5.241 1.019
2.13 0.50 79.5 0.983 0.182 5.396 5.488 1.017
2.14 0.50 80.0 0.985 0.174 5.673 5.760 1.015
2.15 0.50 80.5 0.986 0.165 5.977 6.061 1.014
2.16 0.50 81.0 0.988 0.156 6.315 6.394 1.013
2.17 0.50 81.5 0.989 0.148 6.691 6.766 1.011
2.18 0.50 82.0 0.999 0.139 7.178 7.185 1.001
2.19 0.50 82.5 0.991 0.131 7.597 7.663 1.009
2.20 0.50 83.0 0.993 0.122 8.145 8.206 1.008
2.21 0.50 83.5 0.994 0.113 8.777 8.834 1.007
2.22 0.50 84.0 0.995 0.105 9.517 9.569 1.006
2.23 0.50 84.5 0.995 0.096 10.389 10.438 1.005
2.24 0.50 85.0 0.996 0.087 11.431 11.474 1.004
2.25 0.51 85.5 0.997 0.078 12.716 12.755 1.003
2.26 0.51 86.0 0.998 0.070 14.302 14.337 1.002
2.27 0.51 86.5 0.998 0.061 16.362 16.393 1.002
2.28 0.51 87.0 0.999 0.052 19.083 19.109 1.001
2.29 0.51 87.5 0.999 0.044 22.913 22.936 1.001
2.30 0.51 88.0 0.999 0.035 28.637 28.654 1.001
2.31 0.51 88.5 1.000 0.026 38.299 38.314 1.000
2.32 0.51 89.0 0.9998 0.017 57.295 57.307 1.000
2.33 0.51 89.5 0.9999 0.009 114.931 114.943 1.000
2.34 0.51 90.0 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51 cos Degree
2.39 0.51 0.000 90.0
2.40 0.51 0.009 89.5
2.41 0.51 0.017 89.0
2.42 0.51 0.026 88.5
2.43 0.51 0.035 88.0
2.44 0.51 0.044 87.5
2.45 0.51 0.052 87.0
2.46 0.51 0.061 86.5
2.47 0.51 0.070 86.0
2.48 0.51 0.078 85.5
2.49 0.51 0.087 85.0
2.50 0.51 0.096 84.5
2.51 0.51 0.105 84.0
2.52 0.51 0.113 83.5
2.53 0.51 0.122 83.0
2.54 0.51 0.131 82.5
2.55 0.51 0.139 82.0
2.56 0.51 0.148 81.5
2.57 0.51 0.156 81.0
2.58 0.51 0.165 80.5
2.59 0.51 0.174 80.0
2.60 0.51 0.182 79.5
2.61 0.51 0.191 79.0
2.62 0.51 0.199 78.5
2.63 0.51 0.208 78.0
2.64 0.51 0.216 77.5
2.65 0.51 0.225 77.0
2.66 0.51 0.233 76.5
2.67 0.51 0.242 76.0
2.68 0.51 0.250 75.5
2.69 0.51 0.259 75.0
2.70 0.51 0.267 74.5
2.71 0.51 0.276 74.0
2.72 0.51 0.284 73.5
2.73 0.51 0.292 73.0
2.74 0.51 0.301 72.5
2.75 0.51 0.309 72.0
2.76 0.51 0.317 71.5
2.77 0.51 0.326 71.0
2.78 0.51 0.334 70.5
2.79 0.51 0.342 70.0
2.80 0.51 0.350 69.5
2.81 0.51 0.358 69.0
2.82 0.51 0.366 68.5
2.83 0.51 0.374 68.0
2.84 0.51 0.382 67.5
2.85 0.51 0.390 67.0
2.86 0.51 0.398 66.5
2.87 0.51 0.406 66.0
2.88 0.51 0.414 65.5
2.89 0.51 0.422 65.0
2.90 0.51 0.430 64.5
2.91 0.51 0.438 64.0
2.92 0.51 0.446 63.5
2.93 0.51 0.453 63.0
2.94 0.51 0.461 62.5
2.95 0.51 0.469 62.0
2.96 0.51 0.477 61.5
2.97 0.51 0.484 61.0
2.98 0.51 0.492 60.5
2.99 0.51 0.500 60.0
3.00 0.51 0.507 59.5
3.01 0.51 0.515 59.0
3.02 0.51 0.522 58.5
3.03 0.51 0.529 58.0
3.04 0.51 0.537 57.5
3.05 0.51 0.544 57.0
3.06 0.51 0.551 56.5
3.07 0.51 0.559 56.0
3.08 0.51 0.566 55.5
3.09 0.51 0.573 55.0
3.10 0.51 0.580 54.5
3.11 0.51 0.587 54.0
3.12 0.51 0.594 53.5
3.13 0.51 0.601 53.0
3.14 0.51 0.608 52.5
3.15 0.51 0.615 52.0
0.622 51.5
0.629 51.0
0.636 50.5
0.642 50.0
0.649 49.5
0.656 49.0
0.662 48.5
0.669 48.0
0.675 47.5
0.681 47.0
0.688 46.5
0.694 46.0
0.700 45.5
0.707 45.0
0.713 44.5
0.719 44.0
0.725 43.5
0.731 43.0
0.737 42.5
0.743 42.0
0.748 41.5
0.754 41.0
0.760 40.5
0.766 40.0
0.771 39.5
0.777 39.0
0.782 38.5
0.788 38.0
0.793 37.5
0.798 37.0
0.803 36.5
0.809 36.0
0.814 35.5
0.819 35.0
0.824 34.5
0.829 34.0
0.833 33.5
0.838 33.0
0.843 32.5
0.848 32.0
0.852 31.5
0.857 31.0
0.861 30.5
0.866 30.0
0.870 29.5
0.874 29.0
0.878 28.5
0.882 28.0
0.887 27.5
0.891 27.0
0.894 26.5
0.897 26.0
0.905 25.5
0.906 25.0
0.909 24.5
0.913 24.0
0.917 23.5
0.920 23.0
0.923 22.5
0.927 22.0
0.930 21.5
0.933 21.0
0.936 20.5
0.939 20.0
0.942 19.5
0.945 19.0
0.948 18.5
0.951 18.0
0.953 17.5
0.956 17.0
0.958 16.5
0.961 16.0
0.963 15.5
0.965 15.0
0.968 14.5
0.970 14.0
0.972 13.5
0.974 13.0
0.976 12.5
0.978 12.0
0.979 11.5
0.981 11.0
0.983 10.5
0.984 10.0
0.986 9.5
0.987 9.0
0.989 8.5
0.990 8.0
0.991 7.5
0.992 7.0
0.993 6.5
0.994 6.0
0.995 5.5
0.996 5.0
0.996 4.5
0.997 4.0
0.998 3.5
0.9986 3.0
0.9990 2.5
0.999 2.0
0.9996 1.5
0.9998 1.0
 Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
Grade of concreteM-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
tbd (N / mm2) -- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Development Length in tension

Grade of Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

concrete tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F
M 15 0.6 58 0.96 60
M 20 0.8 44 1.28 45
M 25 0.9 39 1.44 40
M 30 1 35 1.6 36
M 35 1.1 32 1.76 33
M 40 1.2 29 1.92 30
M 45 1.3 27 2.08 28
M 50 1.4 25 2.24 26

fy
fy
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) fy
Permission stress in compression (N/mm ) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
2
fy
Grade of plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
concrete
Bending acbc Direct (acc) fy
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
M 10 3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
M 15 5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
M 20 7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
M 25 8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
M 30 10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
M 35 11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
M 40 13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
M 45 14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
M 50 16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5

n factore Table
415 500
 2.00
1.80
1.65
1.90 1.50
1.80 1.40
1.70 1.35
1.60 1.30
1.50 1.20
1.40 1.16
1.30 1.08
1.20 1.00
1.15 0.95
1.05 0.90
1.02 0.86
1.20 0.84
0.98 0.82
0.96 0.81
0.94 0.80
0.92 0.79
0.91 0.78
0.90 0.77
0.89 0.76
0.86 0.75
0.86 0.74
0.85 0.73
0.84 0.72
0.83 0.72
0.83 0.72
0.82 0.71
0.82 0.71
0.81 0.71
0.81 0.70
0.81 0.70
0.81 0.69
0.81 0.69
0.81 0.68
0.81 0.68

Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhand

cotangent Degree Factors F K1

57.249 1.0 H+dA 10 20 30 40 10 20
56.300 1.5 0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.5
28.633 2.0 0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.01 0.55 0.43
Value of H/D

22.913 2.5 0.4 0.024 0.014 0.01 0.007 0.5 0.39

19.071 3.0 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37
16.361 3.5 1.0 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.28
14.304 4.0 2.0 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.3 0.22
12.696 4.5 4.0 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.2
11.435 5.0
10.382 5.5
9.558 6.0 TABLE 20.1
8.772 6.5 Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular beam
8.144 7.0 No of support 2f C1 C2 C3
7.594 7.5 4 90 0.137 0.07 0.021
7.117 8.0 5 72 0.108 0.054 0.014
6.691 8.5 6 60 0.089 0.045 0.009
6.311 9.0 8 45 0.066 0.03 0.005
5.961 9.5 9 40 0.06 0.027 0.004
5.668 10.0 10 36 0.054 0.023 0.003
5.395 10.5 12 30 0.045 0.017 0.002
5.142 11.0
4.911 11.5
4.704 12.0
1.192 12.5
4.331 13.0
4.165 13.5
4.010 14.0 TABLE 4.1 for (Krishna Raju) intze tank design
3.867 14.5 Cofficent for bending moment and twisting moment in circular beam
3.729 15.0 Negative Positive
Maximum
3.721 15.5 bending bending
No of twesting
support 2f moment at moment at
moment or
3.487 16.0 support center of
torqu K3
3.373 16.5 K1 span K2
3.271 17.0 4 90 0.0342 0.0176 0.0053
3.169 17.5 6 72 0.148 0.0075 0.00015
3.078 18.0 8 60 0.0083 0.0041 0.0006
2.988 18.5 10 45 0.0054 0.0023 0.00003
2.903 19.0 12 40 0.0037 0.0014 0.0017
2.822 19.5
2.746 20.0
2.673 20.5
2.604 21.0
2.538 21.5
2.475 22.0
2.412 22.5
2.355 23.0
2.300 23.5
2.245 24.0
2.192 24.5
2.147 25.0
2.102 25.5
2.047 26.0
2.004 26.5
1.963 27.0
1.921 27.5
1.879 28.0
1.840 28.5
1.803 29.0
1.767 29.5
1.732 30.0
1.697 30.5
1.664 31.0
1.631 31.5
1.600 32.0
1.569 32.5
1.539 33.0
1.509 33.5
1.483 34.0
1.455 34.5
1.429 35.0
1.402 35.5
1.377 36.0
1.350 36.5
1.326 37.0
1.303 37.5
1.280 38.0
1.256 38.5
1.235 39.0
1.212 39.5
1.191 40.0
1.170 40.5
1.149 41.0
1.129 41.5
1.110 42.0
1.091 42.5
1.072 43.0
1.053 43.5
1.035 44.0
1.017 44.5
1.000 45.0
0.981 45.5
0.965 46.0
0.949 46.5
0.931 47.0
0.916 47.5
0.901 48.0
0.884 48.5
0.869 49.0
0.853 49.5
0.838 50.0
0.824 50.5
0.809 51.0
0.792 51.5
0.780 52.0
0.766 52.5
0.753 53.0
0.739 53.5
0.726 54.0
0.712 54.5
0.700 55.0
0.687 55.5
0.674 56.0
0.661 56.5
0.649 57.0
0.637 57.5
0.624 58.0
0.612 58.5
0.601 59.0
0.588 59.5
0.577 60.0
0.565 60.5
0.553 61.0
0.543 61.5
0.531 62.0
0.520 62.5
0.508 63.0
0.498 63.5
0.487 64.0
0.476 64.5
0.466 65.0
0.455 65.5
0.444 66.0
0.434 66.5
0.424 67.0
0.414 67.5
0.403 68.0
0.394 68.5
0.384 69.0
0.374 69.5
0.364 70.0
0.353 70.5
0.344 71.0
0.335 71.5
0.325 72.0
0.315 72.5
0.306 73.0
0.296 73.5
0.287 74.0
0.277 74.5
0.268 75.0
0.259 75.5
0.249 76.0
0.238 76.5
0.231 77.0
0.222 77.5
0.213 78.0
0.203 78.5
0.194 79.0
0.185 79.5
0.176 80.0
0.167 80.5
0.158 81.0
0.149 81.5
0.139 82.0
0.132 82.5
0.123 83.0
0.114 83.5
0.105 84.0
0.096 84.5
0.087 85.0
0.079 85.5
0.070 86.0
0.061 86.5
0.052 87.0
0.044 87.5
0.035 88.0
0.026 88.5
0.017 89.0
0.009 89.5
0.000 90.0
 fs = 120 =fy200
2.0
fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0 0.4 0.8 1.2

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy
for steeel
500 = Fs 290 N/mm2
415 = Fs 240 N/mm2
328 = Fs 190 N/mm2
250 = Fs 145 N/mm2
207 = Fs 120 N/mm2
cal tank (Reyolndhand book)

K1 K2
30 40 10 20 30 40
0.45 0.4 0.32 0.46 0.53 0.5
0.38 0.33 0.35 0.53 0.6 0.66
0.35 0.3 0.44 0.58 0.65 0.7
0.32 0.27 0.48 0.63 0.69 0.73
0.24 0.21 0.62 0.73 0.74 0.83
0.19 0.16 0.73 0.81 0.85 0.88
0.17 0.14 0.8 0.85 0.87 0.9

g moment in circular beam

 fm
19.25
15.25
12.75
9.5
8.5
7.25
6.25

ze tank design
g moment in circular beam

fm

19.25
15.25
12.75
9.5
8.5
fs =190 =fy328
fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500

1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2

3.2