Apropst crpemianet noapo6Ho ocBeTHTS TOABKO OcHOBHBE MeTORE W MpHOOpsL, MPHMEHFEMBIe B HACTOAMee BpeM, H MeKee NORpOGHO— Maso. npuMeHRembie. Hapaay ¢ 3THM KpaTKo'paccNotpenst meTosb H MpHGopsr, KOTOpHe B HaMbHeMUIeN MoryT GuITD paaDHTTHN H ycoRep- tienerBoBati. Yaursipas, ero rHapoMerpuyecKiHe MpeMocoGueKHs H coopyrKeHIA RonpoGnio paccMatpHaioTca B clenHaabHEIx Kypcax, B HacTomuLeM yueGuuKe aitkt TOAbKO OOMIKE cBeAeHHA TO STOMY BONPOCy, HeOOXO- TUMBie RAK MOMMMAHHA AeRCTBHR ITHX YCTAHOBOK M UX HCHOAKSORAHNA TH npousporctBe HaGmonentt B yueGuuxe Gostsuioe BiManne ynereHio Tuxpomereoposoriue- exo cayaxGe CCCP, npuniuanam opramuaanan ee cern H weTomiie- cxoit nocrantonxe paGot H Ha6monenmi wa Hel, ocymecrsatemoli To- cynaperseMiuim rHaposoriveckiin: nHCTHTYTOM. ABTOpE cTpeMHauC® OGpatiT» BiiManHe ctymelTos Ha BaxKHOCTS mpanHasHol opraxusa- UHH H MoctaHoBK MoaeDBIX HM KaMepambHBIX paboT M Ha_HeOOXOAH- NocTb crpororo BHIOAHEHHS MeToaMHeckKHx peKoMeHstantii TuapoMe- reoporornueckof cayxx6er CCCP 5 ueasx noayseniia onHopoaibix 1 CpaBEMMEX MaTepHason HaGmMOREHHA HesaBitcHMO OT BeRONCTBA, K KOTOPOMY oTHocHTes nYHKTH HaGmoneNH. Crygentsi, nayuatomme raapomerpHio, AomKH Bcerna TOMHNTE, ro paGorm rHxpororHuecKOR ceTH ABAROTCR OcHOBMEIM dyittaNen- Tom HayaHoit M mINeHepHOR rumpoAOTH M ee Ha.mOReHKA sBAMOTeH Hencuepnaemsim 30H0THIM DOWIOM HayKH, Ges KoTOpOrO GwaM OM He- poamonHs Grectante MocTHKeHHA CopeTcKOK rHAPOAOFA. Ito Gec- cmoptoe HW saxKHOe ToLOKeHHe NanaraeT Ha KarxNOrO rhmporora OGRSAHHOCTS HO BCeX caYARX, KOTOPEIX B MpousBONcTBeHHOl MeATesy- hoctH OuiBaet Hemado, SaGoTHITHcR O PasBitTHH H YayNueMHN Ka¥eCTBa crammoniapix Hw 2KcnenmunoMNsIx pa6oT Mo HayYeNMIO rHAposOrHNe- caHx-o6BeKTos wautelt Pome. PASHET 1 3ANAUM TAAPOMETPHH. KPATKAS HCTOPHS OPrAHH3ALHA TMAPOMETPHYECKHX HABJIIOQEHHA eee SS Taasa t BBEEWHE 1.1. Dpeamer « sanaun ragponerpun Tunpomerpua spaxeten vacrsio Gonee oSupHof HayKH —rnxpo- orn. Caoxo , Hamepenme sox. TIpariueckit stor xocaomunsit nepeson Yaeprater TOAEKO 32 OMIM HS pasmeoB THApOMETpHN — HaGaoReHMAMH 3 YPOBHAMH BOX, KOTOPLE HaIHBaIOTeR RoTOMEpHUMT Ha6mtOeHUANTL Ocuosnemn ‘sanavamn rumpomerpun saamores: 1) paspaorea MeTOOB H MpHGopos AAA KomHNecTBeIIHOrO onpexeneHHA H yer par JWINEIX sMeMCHTOB dexuMA BOAKBX OREKTOB, 2) ciicrestaTHTecKOe HayueHHe rHapomorm¥eckoro pexiMa BORMAX OGbEKTOB AA NoAye- HIIK MHOrOMeTHHX XapakTepHCTHK ypopueli, cTOKa BoM W Haxocon, XuMYecKOrO cocTaBA BORE, TeMMePATypBI BOM, seLOBLIX aB.teHiil wap, Hecaexonanne u usysenne reapoaornuecsoro pexista Heo6xomMMo AAS BLIMOAHENHA runposiorHNecKEX H BoROXoSRicTHeMHMBIX pacieroR Mp npoeKTuposauit, ctpowrerscrae M sKcHayaTauMA riapoTexAnie- CKHX COopyxeHI, a TAKKe Aaa HayYRUX BBIBOLOS MH OSOOMeNKA 8 rHapoaorat. Tipu nccnenonaxm sogiix oGsexron, vro6st noaywurs noaHoe upenctapzenne 06 Hx TaxpodorHYecKHX GcoBeHHOCTsX Mt BOSMORTO- CTX HenombgoBaiINA B HapoaNon xossiictee, npunelimiorcs crallH. Hapune w axcmemMMUONNEIe Mero. Verpofictao 1 o€opyzosanie cen ruaponornueckux craHuit 1 Hoctos, opramtsauns KaGaioxennh a MEX, paspa6oTKa Meroxoa i NpHGopos na nayyemA smeMeHTOD PexHMa BOANBX OOBeKTOR pac. cwarpipaioren W Hayvalores B Kypce riiapometpin, a opratmaauin M nponsnoncrgo cneiMaasHBIx BORHBIX HccslerOBAHH B cORIH C vORD. XoasilcTBeNNAIM MPOeKTRPORAHIIEM UayuaIOTeR B KYpce oAHUX Heese opawihB coorsercroun ¢ neeHwem raapomoran mo BHKaM Bos, ABARIO- WHXCH OBDEKTANIT eC HayYeHHA, THAPOMerpHR MoxKeT GsITb noTpas meaena_xa: A. TuapoMerpito atmocdepusix pox — ruapomereoponorno, usy- saeyio B _MeTeoponoruit 5, Tuaposerpiio nosepxtoctitsix pox: 1) rumpomerpiio oKeattos H Mopei— Mopeky! rHnpomeTpiio, HaauBaeMyio TaKKe mpaKTHe- ckolt oxeauorpadier; 2) rHapomerpmio Bon cyt (peK, osep, BoLO- xpantiauit) B. Tuaposerpato nonsemiix aoa. Hs nepeweaentsix passesos ruapomerpin HaGonee paspaGorat HUI H BEIETMBLEAMIECA B OpMe OCOGLIX HayINUX AKCUNMANE B:5- orca Mopckas rnapomeTpua Ht pewHas rHmpoMeTpH. B cocrap ocitobnuix raapomerpiueckiix pa6oT Wa peKax, osepax ¥ poxoxpannameax BxoxaT: 1) yetpoiicT#o H OGopyzoBanne runposO- TuveckHX crantumit m noctos; 2) mpomepase paboTu ana nayueuts rayOH W pesbea AHA BORHLX OGveKTOS; 3) HaOmOReKMA 3a KOMe- Gaimiamn yponvel Bonu; 4) HaGnoneMa 3a yKnoHaMA BoRHOK nO- BepxuioctH; 5) HaO.atomena sa Texnepatypol BonK, saMepsannen H BcxpuiTHeM noroemoB, COcTosHHeM seRsHOTO TOKpoBa; 6) H3Mepene ckopoctell m Hanpansennit TevenuA; 7) ompenenenne croKka Bomb 1 nanlocos; 8) onpenererne MexaHecKoro cocrasa HavocoB H AOMHEIX oTmorkeriufi; 9) uaGatoneHHA 3a ttBeTOM, mpoapauHocTMIo, yxeRbABM OM H XHMIFECKHIM COCTaBOM BOTY ***foumo nepewKeaeinsix, ® coeran riapometpuveckix pa6or Mo- Fyt BXOANTy HaGmoReHNA 3a REpopmauuel pestbix pycen H MOGepe- 2knit BOMOxpanNANUL, HaGmOReAHA 3a BORHODKM PERUNOM, HccHEZo- Balle HOBLIX NpHGopos H paspa6oTKA MerOXOB runpomeTpHUecKHX pa6or # np. 1.2. 3uavenve ruapomerpun gaa HapomHoro xossiicrea. yasrarK FapoMerpHYECKIX paGoT UNpOKO HenOALsyIoTER AAR panna vaysuk,coobucntl H ousonon’ cnocobcray posers Fopetivecxiy ocHon traponormt a Meron0a raponoriwecnnx pac. Seroo. Bogie o6beKrH expats sexonsyioweR iN CYAOXoATea, 1 Zecoeianpa, pozocta6sKema Hacegeutaix nyiKroD. H pONIACHHAAR apeanpunnut,rwapooneprenmnceasekoxoasersesnn wenope: i= opouless, oGRORHNMA, ocytientn, puGosoactBa, a TaKKe Kak Meera onnuixa, chopra, Typist i Tinationoe ‘cotoamcrieexoe xosaterso CCCP npenycwanpnseet KoNMMeKeHoe vettorssonane boa, NOBTOMY ruApoaotiin RoaNMa aTb te ronono pacverlse Natit 24M poexrupovanna Otaebiutx THApO exiectaix coopy keri, no Mpoext Boxoxossitcrsenoro Ganatiea Gxoro aH MOF “OGReKrOR, paenoaomenare. na Coswtel a Nembuteit TepPHTOPHH, B UeTAK HaWMy4Ulero H KOMMTeKCHOrO UcnoaD- opaulin BORULN pecypeon Ton Teppiropi RIN eponwore. x0 sailerba, 6 Pewenne caowkxHx Bompocos naaHupoBanita nonworo xosniicrBe Ctponrenscrpa KpYNHIX rHApoTeXHUMECKHX COOPYReHHI HEnOIMORKIIO Ges Aoctatowno aAauTeMbHOrO MH BCecTOpOMHerO. rHApoMerpHuecKoro HayyeINA BoAMBIx OOweKTOS, HaMeYBeMDIX x HeHloaDsOBAMMtO Tunporeximueckne coopy:keting ue Torso BiIOcK? aMenenia B ecTecrBeHHii pexum noauLx OGeKTOB, HO m caMit HoxBepratoter Bosttelierainio co croponst nocaennHx. Coopymennn, nocrpoenwne Ges AocraToNHorO THAPostorHYeckKOTO OGOCHORAHHS, Moryr Guth YacrHino. Haw noanoctbIo paspyierts Pkcnayarauute opocuTemDHBX cHeTeM, BORKLX Myre cooSueHHA 1 qaaaba Mt pasaiex reaporexnnueckux coopyaseuuit (RA0THM, TIPO. Snexrpocranuiif, BoxosaGopuiix yeraniosoK m mp.) TpeSVer HenpepLis. Horo waGaroenia 3a pexuMom HcllobayeNtsIx BomHEX oGLeKTOS, © OAHO croponis, B UeTHX HaNGoree pallionarbHor uenomLIOBANHy HX BORMBX Pecypcos, a ¢ apyrolt—u wensx npexyupexrenna onac, AUX ats coopy:Kennii nocaencTaMit w peayabrare ciutbuuix nOHOROAIE, NABORKOR, neLOXOROB W Mp. B eaasH ¢ STHM peayabratil Habclosetth THAPororHdecKHX CTaHLUHi M MOcTOS UcHOALayIOTeR ATA HNKopMatlut 0 MiapororHeckcm pexkune BoANBIX OOBeKTOD, HIMelieMIIH ux perkiiMa 4H mporosos ruaporornueckix saneHHit (BcKpEITHe H SaNepaatute Bo, HoeMon 4 np.) Takum o6pasom, Mexkay rHapomerpuell, somuuM xXosaficraom 1 THAPOTEXIMKOH Beeraa cyulecTOBA.Ta TecHan cBRas, chocobeTBooan WAR PassHTivO H YeopepleNcrBoRanuio MeroRoB THApOMeTpIN Oni. BpeMeHHO ¢ paspiTHeM rHaPOTeXHIIKH H PocToM notpeOuocrel Box. Horo Xossiicrsa crpaiiit 8 we10M. 1.3. Kparkne netopueckne cnexenia o pasbuTan THAPOrPadHYeckHX H rHapomeTpHYEcKHX pabor 8 CCCP HauGonee panne noaomeprte naGmozenta 8 CCCP ornocarea X MepBOMY THeANeReTHIO ZO Hawlel spy. VeraHoRaeHo, to pesnern Poa BOROMEpHI LIN pacnpexereKii opociTe.ietol! noas Tia Hppare HMONBIX cHeTeMAX npHMeHsaNIch B Gaccefiite pew Sepanman, tae Suto pactionoxkenlo mpesnee rocyaapcrso Coranana, @ rawie B mice Hem revennu Amyzapou, n Xopesme Tpusepow sinwatin naunx mpexkon x sont nyraM soxer Gaya axt wanepenns ulnpusin Kepseitcxoro npoauoa, nposeret Horo Kusgem TteGo Cesrocaaposaven, nto avay siMoit 1068 6. ily Pua mpoauea Orisa onpererewa B 14 000 cael (29 850 41) Jaa oGecneveria GesonacHocth naapaim no pean 9 kavecrse ywasarenell onaciisx aa cyaoxoucTea Mecr HaHocHAlice staee ne Baaynax B pycaax pes, Mpepow vero Moryt cavanth Bopwcone Kamit! a Sanaausit Heute (pic. 1.1), yeraitosaenmue wo pactopa, xenmo wisa8 Bopuca Beecaabuva » Xi—XIT wp, Horo6nute nyremce SHANK B Bline Geperownex KaMeHHBIX Kpecton c Nannnes, npesy NPexnanuiinn o Neevariesx Kocax, MeaAX 1 MepeKaran, Guia sal eens a Geperax Boaru, Boaxopa u apyrux pexSnauntemprice KomH¥ecTao cBemeHHA O peKax H osepax tlautelt Pogussi umenocs 8 M. B. Jlonouocosy npunanaexnt TaKKe mem H paspa6orKa nep- Boil KoicTpykUNH MpHGopa Tina RepTYLIKH AIM HaMepenIR eKxopocTet evens, Snauutemsiyio paGory no nayueHMIO pex u osep Poccum Bsitoa nua Axagenms nayk, KOTopas B 1768—I774 rr. nposeaa pax reorpa: Gusecnux axenesunh, cobpabuinx oGupHue wareplladul no THIpO. rpagux, Caenyet ormeruts counmenme A. Koamakosa, uaiautioe 8 1791 r, nox Hassaunen «Kapmaiian KWnKKa 2a8 BbIuitcaeNHA KO. anectaa’ Box, npoTeKaiouiel vepes Tpy6si, oTBepeTHA TaN No 2Ke- Jo6aw...>. B 1856 r. wixexep B. Poxkos ony6anKonaa nore rpagiio «O rnapanauyeckom # TopHosavoackom xosRiicTBe © onica nen yerpoiicrs, B Hen ynoTpeGanempix>. Tpya PoxkKona 3 ocHoDnoN 9pencranaser coGoh npaxriueckoe pykosoncrs0 no nponssoncray Pasmuanoro poxa raapomerpnveckHx pa6ot mpuMeHWTeRSHO x 38 Npocam ropwosaBoacKoro xosaiiersa. Bom.woe suavewme aan aanbiehuero passirna BonHix uecaeno- Baunit p Poccnn uera opranusauns 1767 r. rxasioro yapanaenin BORAX KOMMYHNKAuH, NpeoSpasoBanxoro BocaencTDUN B raaBtoe Ynpabstenne oriimin w' cyxonyrHIMM cooSuleHNsNt, KOTOPOe TPO. fncano ® 1811 r. secre wa Kpynutix npweratiax, mocrax i ulMosaX emenuentiie HaGaoxeHHA 3a ypoBeM BONN H OTMeWuTS AaTH BCKPDI- TWH H 3aMepsaHHA pex m osep. ITH HaGmOLeNKIA BeKOpe MpeKparHance ¥ Osim BHOBE BosoSHon.eHt B 1843 7. Hasaonenis 3a yponiamn Boas Beatcp no peiikam, sa6usaemun B AHO pexn y Gepera, 6e3 yaRoKH ux c penepanut. B 1858 r. raping yapapaennew nyrefi coobtitenus Ouiaa uaxana mepsas Pykosoncrao aeatenbtoerbio onuenbix maptiit nocie saKpuTns Hanitranuonto-onucHoh KoMuceHH ocyuecranmnocs (x0 1917 1) yn 10 Paprenuen goanix nyteli muutctepersa nytet cooéutenus. B stor RepHon StiaH nayats naanomepHve accaenosanna pex CHOnpH. Pe syabraris uceaenosannit pex u osep nevaraanes » «Marepuaray ane CMNCAHNA PYCCKAX PeK H VayuUeHUR HX cyRONOAHB YorOBNIS (74 seimyeKa) apyrix uanauuax. Stu tpyael, B KoTopMe BoUlaN ene Achun o OoabulniicrBe xpynHUX peK H o3ep, mBiLANcE Npousoh ocHoHOH me FOuLKO Mag THAporpadun CCCP, xo H aaa vayaHoro. paspntnn PyceKoh rhaporornn # rHapoMerpHn, Tax XaK ONHOBpeMeNHO e mere, AGBANMAMK ONHCHSIMK MapTHAM paspabatHImaanics, lpoBepanien ho RBSKTUME H YAySMAAHCD MeTOAM N MpHEOPN AIA THApONeTpHecKNS pa6or. Hs nanGonee saunrengiex pa6or p oSaact# raapomerpny cre- ayer otwernr» tpya nwa. IL. A. Tuycusia «© cnocobas onpencncang Ckopocreli 4 pacxonos noasi B pexax>, paa craze min, HC deans She nc MNaHTeN HBOGpereMHOro Hx noRBORHOFO }aiOrepaH Bitep Bue NPOUSBENEHMX HIM ¢ toMOILIO sroro npHOOpa onpereenii Ganpabacuut Teves (1895—1896 rr.). B 1901 r. H. JI. Tamnuay on Gaukosaa kunry C 1873 f. cosaapaniich sxcneanuin xmnucrepersa sewacneane # TocYAapCTBeHHLK HNYuLeCTS AAA HayNeHHA Pex B LeIAX iehodeea INE IML AAR CemucKoxosaiicrsenkx MeaHopanui (ocyuieute opome: hue); OTH cencaonaims Yneasan, » orate ot paoor milincreperss ayreli ‘coo6mena#, Gonbitioe Bimwanne Bonpocaw pemiMe Crore a Taxke XAMHYeCKOrO cocTaBa BOR, C 1909 Fr. ormerom semensitix yayuwenuit raanioro ynpasaema HeMTeeaUs it aewsteycrpolicraa Gusie Navara oprarmaauina nocrene Bu THAPOMETPHYECKIX Necnexovanith, AK Toro Gwin cosatial era, Powenpiecke act 8 Typkecralickow xpae it wa Keousie, paelGls s Oma yuperena raxponerpnueckan vacre Enponcinasy Pocent. Oni oprammsonaan ruaponerpiweckyio. cern» Typresn GioM ae (14 cranunh w IL ponomepnux mocton). sa Koonce (10 cranunf » 100 sogowepnsx noctos) x5 Esponelicnon Poecca (374 sonomepmurx nocta) Tpyas rmapowerpiicernx vacref uanevaranly 8-H axoBWx or- weTax M mpencrasamior weHtinit Bxaaa 8 raaponoring *merpitio. Townmo pastoo6pasnux warepratos HaGmoneninie” * pac XORANH BORE Mt aHocos, cocraBON waHocos, rey" AG ‘eck coctanom somw, ‘0 ruapo6Homori cmix aaniix (ocankH, Henapeniie), ont gy aunit no Meronan ruapomerpuveckiix pal Ha ynowsnymix orveros ocobeui Paxpomerpnyeckoi vact 2 TypKecr POM conepanres pag wecENa i BuinosHeMMX ox pyKopoxcTE TaWOKe oTWeTHTy AeRTeaBocT (1910—1916 rr.) ox pykog MenieurerO B ulHt20KOM coopyxkenus (Bosocanayyera ctoka Ha pekax, pyubax H Gaatkax ropyoro Kpuima. B 1916 r. ‘OGutee KomHUeCTBO THAPONETPHNeCKHX CTARUNIL H BoROMepIIIX ocTOS noctarao 1500. Paccmatpnsaemul mepHon xapaxtepnayercn coazanuem noctoauHo nelicrayiowelt cere raapomeTpH¥eckHx NocToa H craHui H cucreNta- THNeCKHM HanaHHeM MaTepHanoS wx Ha6aiomeMni. Oco6o caenyeT OTMeTHT pasBHTHe NAYNHEX uecMeqoBanMi mB OGXacTH rHapomorHH 4H TuRpoMeTpHA, WTO HalliTo OTpAXKeKHe B swIRAIOUINXCL Tpynax H. C. Jlenaacxoro, B. M. Jloxtana, A. H, Boefixosa, JI. H. Anyunua, B. I. Paymnosa, H. JI. Tamanna, J. H. Kosepana w xp. Tocae Beantkoh OxraGpscxol coumanicruveckoi peaomonns, 8 Toa HanpAKeHHOH Gops6s Mosoxoro ConercKoro rocyaaperea © OGveRHHeNHIMH CHIN HHTepBeHTOS MH KOHTPpenomonHM peaKo CoKpatHuch, 2B PALE MECT H NOAHOCTHIO MpeKpaTHANc HecMenODa- TeavCKHe M THAPOMETPHYecKHe paGoTH Ha peKaX M OBepaX cipal, Koroptie Guunit yoke SHavHTeTbHO' cOKPauleH 8 SoHE BoeHtHbX ZelicT- Buf» ron neppof wnpcsoft soli. Hapany ‘crm 3 eppsie xe Toa cyulectsosanun CopercKoe rocynapctso sa6otHa0cs 0 n0306- HovsexitH H pasBuTHM rHApOMeTpHYeCKHX padoT K BONHHX HecKeO- Bani B 1919 r, » Mletporpage Gun ocHosart Poccalickui: ranponornie cuit nucturyt, mune Tocyaapersenusii opaeta Tpynonoro Kpactioro Snamenu riinpoaornveckiit HHCTHTYT, stBASOMUMHCR KeNTpanbIBIM Hayumim raapoaormyecknm Hucturytom CosercKoro Cowsa. B aa- aaun Wiictutyta sxonHt MetonNecxoe pyKOBomcTBO paGoTamit 10 Hay¥eHMIO pexUNA BOR cy H paspaGorka HayHHLIX OCHOB ANA pa- RvOMlamHOTO HenombsOBanHs BOAHEIX pecypcos crpanti B 1920 r. no wrmuuatuse B. 1. Jenna BUMK npnsiaa uctoprue- ckoe petienne 06 o6pasouaiun TocyaapcraexHof KoMHCCHH nO si1eK- tpwpikaunt Poccua—TO3JIPO. Cocrasmenmuh xowuccuefl nto TOSVIPO naaw saexrpruKaunn Gwin onopen VIII ceesgom Cone- 03 M ABILICH MOMLMBIM TONKOM X PasBHTMO BoLHOTO Xo3sficTBA CCCP a ockoBe KOMMNeKcHOrO HeHlONSIOBaHHA BOR sam pasMHATAX Hy Hapoatoro xoasiicrsa crpauy. Sto pelllene nocraput0 pat BechMa CHORHBX H BAKUBX Janay He ToABKO B OGNACTR BoccTAHOB- HEUAA H PASBHTHA BOTMX HecTeROBAHKll, HO MB OTHOULeHHH NODE eHHs ux Kavecrsa, Uro6e noKHTS opramsauHoMMLe H MeTORHUe- CKHe HenocTaTKH B rHmpomereoposiorwNecKHX Mccmenopanusx, CHK CCCP 5 1929 r, mpmiam peuenne 06 oOsemHHeHHH Bcex paboT m0 Tiapororne, meTeoponoran H reopuatKe, max vero npn CHK CCCP Guin yuperen Taapomereopoaornueckni Konrer CCCP, npeo6paso- Bantiisit 5 1933 r. B Llewrpaapiioe ynpanzente eannon rempometeopo- soruueckoh cayx6m CCCP (UVETMC), a 8 1936 r.—a Taantioe yupapaenne rempomereopoxornveckoh caymOu CCCP (TYTMC). Paseutte rmtpororueckoh cet Poccan » nepox c 1881 no 1946 r, noxasaxo B ta6a. 1.1, re mpxnexenb cBexeHMA o uncae cTaH- unit W nocros no oTaembHBM ronaM (no manu B. B. Yxanona) B nepuon Benuxoli Orevecrsennok aofmit axautensiioe Koauue- creo cramuuiunoctos Gio paspyiteHo ipauucrexuMn saxRarunKan, 2 iat | 9108 | 4287 | aor7 Ho yke 1947 r, oGmee KonHYecTBO rHApoOrHecKHX craHuIti co- crabaaao 4343, 1. €. Gomsute, vem 3 1941 r. Paspurne raponornue cKolt cern 8 CCCP, naxoasieficn 8 vexexnu Iiapomereoposoritie- cKoit cayakOu, nponOmKaeTcH B HacroauMee spenta eile Gonee HHTeN- cusno. B 1964 r. o6mee weno cranuuit m rocTos, Ha KoTOpiIx seaytea HaOmonenn 2a ypostiem Boats, Noctarao 6315, B TOM were Ha peKax 5684, na osepax i Bonoxpanianutax 631. B’1250 mynkrax Ha6.z0~ Aenwl yeraviooren caMonnens ypooua BorB. CroK AoA H3MepseTeS 8 4914 nyaxrex, a crox Hattocop — 8 1280 nynxTax. Kpome yxasannioro wera rimposoruueckux crawuuli m noctos, HaxonAuUMxc 8 nexenmn THapomereopororHueckoi cayK6u CCCP, UMeeTem aHauareabiioe KOmHYeCTBO BeNOMCTBENHEIX craniUuit H OCT. Oaunw wis axuelunx xocruxeHHi conercKoli ruapoxorMM sBAReTes PasBHTHe H oDranHsauHA MOCTORHHO AelicTByIOMel cay:K6BI HApOIO- TuveckHx ungopmaunit u nportos0s. Mo BeanKoli Oxra6pscxoit co- unasveriieckoi pesoatount cucrematiNeckit AeRcrayiomtel caYaROw ruxponornveckux npor#osos He ObiO, Xora peryaspKBLe Tenerpabiwe Muapororiveckie umbopMannn a8 OGcaYAHBAHIA cyAOXOCTBA TO Boare Gua onepoute Boexenst 5 Kasancxom poaHoM oKpyre Miu creperpa nyreit coo6tena eixe 6 1893 r. Pasbutne napoauioro xo- aaitcrsa CCCP n crponteasctao Kpynusix raxporeximuecknx coopy- Axeunli BHIBAIH HeOTAOKHY! MoTPeGHocT» B oprasinsauHN cayHOR THApouorUvecKHX MporHosoB Ht uMopmauml, B pesymetare vero yaKe » 1922 r. w Lewrpaasiom ynpab.tenin mopcKoro tpacnopta, Tocy- AaperweHKOM TxpomorHueckos uHCTHUTYTe, Vinpanaenun BoxHoro XO- saiieraa Cpemieli AnH 4 B paze ApyrHx yupexxenuh Guta Havata paGora no nporsosaM yposkelt Boas, CTOKa, BCKPLITIA m aaMepsatine ex, osep H Mopelt. B itactommtee spenn paGorst no rHaponoruueckim nporuozam peayzcn » Tuxpomernentpe CCCP (Mockba) 1 8 Teppi- TopuaabuBX yopavaennax TunpomereoponorisecKol caYAGb Taxwm o6pazom, Tuapomereoposiornueckan eayxx6a CCCP opra- HHSOBaMa H Nposesta PAX KPYMHBIX CTaNMOTApHEIX, SKcNeAMLMOREUX, SKenepHMenTansibix i TeopetHveckHX Hccsexonanutl, KoTopsie, TO: MuMo Goabilicro MpaxtuvecKoro sHa¥etH, cnocoBcraouaan pasBuTito THAPOAOTIM KaX HayKH. SiawTerbADe pabors B oBaacTt rHApOAO- fait Gbiait BeMOnHeH B pasaHMHLX rHAPoTeXHHUEcKHX n BoaOXo3ai- CTeeHHBX opranuaauiax uB Axanemnm Hayx CCCP. B peayabrare STHX MceNeMoBAHHit NoRBHACR ueABIA pa KPYTMLIX. TeopeTHuECKHX H perHoHanbiesx pa6ot no sonpocan soaHoro Gasauca n cToKa, 3renmeparypHoro W AenoBOTO PeRNMa BOLOEMOB, XHNBMA BOM, THAD” Toru’ osep, 6O70T, AEXHNKOR M ORSEMHDX BOL, a TAKKE MO BO- pocam THslpomorHvecKHx NporHo30B, ‘Suauurensuize paGoTb no o6obuleniio H cucTematusallus onbiTa ruaponerpnieckiix paGor Oriait BuIMOANeHW MPH paspadorKe yueOuM Kony YaeOHEX NOCOOHit lo rHAPOMETpHHT H BOAHMIM ccAeNOBAHKAM, Wo nauuao orparkerme B tpynax B. A. Anonaosa x M. A. Mykauua, EB. Bavsuaka, B. J. Buixona, B. HM. Baanwuancxoro, H. A. Tupua- Fopmua, T. B. Keneauaxosa, A. B. Ornescxoro, B. B. TlonaKosa, TM Mlaosa, B. H. Apuewa w Ap. Beskoe nospacranme o6beMa paGot 10 waywenitio pecypcon to- sepxnoeritix pox CCCP mocae Benixoll Orevectaeniok softs ty: sono neoGxoaNMocrs YROPAMONeHKA H YHADHKALN weTONOB THRPO- Merpnuecnn waMepenii, oSpa6oTkm i myGauKauwun moaywacwtuix Marepianon, C stofi Webi Tocygapcr@esnik riapororwueckil wi Cuinyr (ITH) no sananio Paaporo ynpapzenia rinpomercayx6ut npn Cosere Munuctpos CCCP noxrorosiit pra MeToaHeKIIX Toco: Sait—nactanaeuui, onpenenmomnx conepxarne H TexHHKY BbITOA- enna THApoMeTpHveckHMX paoT Ha GOmBUTHX W MauTLIX PeKax, O3ePAX, ponoxpannmimtax, Gonorax. B nocaenyioule ocHonHbte HorOXKeHHA hacrasaennit TOAySHmT jLauibHeltivee passHTNe B CepHH MeTORHYECKHX ykasauni, nonrotosaemmux PTH. B passirin MeTOARKH rHRpOMETpHYCKHX pa6or HB MORTOTORKE MerommseckHx nocoSult npunuwaan yuacrte A. K. [IpockypaKon, BB Yxanoe, C. H. Konaan-JIuxe, A. M. Taspuaos, JL. E. Cxopoay- wos, T. H. Wawos, H. ©. Kapaces, 1. H. Bypues, A. M. Zimaxesit trap. Bosbuias pa6ora 8 sToM oTiioweswuK MposeneKa LlenTpaxbrol merpamueckolt KoMuccuelt non pyxosogctaom A. H UeGorapena, ocy- Mecanniieh Texniueckyio SKCMepTusy ncexX MeTOIHYECKEX nocoGHit Caeayer omer, uto B 1929—1931 rr. OuaH Brepabe OTKPHTET cnennansiue BHCIHe H cpeasine yueOHWe sanenensa (rHapoMereo” ponorHuccke NHCTHTYTH! H TEXHIKYMM) fag WosTOTORKH winKeIepOR- Pexpodoros. it. TexHKOB-rHaponerop; KpOMe TOTO, ocyiecrBARTaCy nonroroaka rHapoaoros B pate yHuaepcwtetos CCCP, ‘Conerexaii nepon Xapaxrepisyerca WHPOKHM pasBuTHem HayHHEX tt nponseoncrBeHix THAPOAOTHYECKHK wccteTOBAnNA B MEARS KOM Neupnoro mchonsaonaiiin BORYEX pecypcos H fiawoBoit opramusaitny seetloro. xoaaitcrsa CCCP, Opraiwsauun Tunpomereoposorieckoit caymOn CCCP, cosnanne pana HaysHIX W yue6Hox rmapomeTcopo” Savimeckux yupeanentk, opranisauina rocyaapersenHiol | onopHol Tent riapomereopomorHueckix craHuil, a TAKKE vayHHo-HecmeqoRe Seinen eranunl m rHApOAOTUNECKHX AaGopaTOpHt (CTOKOBEEX, PYC~ Joonix, aenoBuix iH p.), OSOPYAOBANHLIX MepBOKMACCHLMH FHAPOMeT: Privecnuinin yeranokaMit x mpwOopaM, opraawaaunn caymOe THAPO GorusecKHx HNopMaLnil H MporHOs0B, a TaKaKe cocraBretine Bosworo Xanacrpa CCCP aBanioren HauGorce BaXHBIMN MeponpHATHAMH DO pasputmo noawx Hecaenowannit CCCP. B nacroniliee BpeMs BELYTCK NOATOTOBHTeNbBe paboTH NO OC imecrasenmo Kounaexcvoit aBToMarusaunn THapomereoponornueckor “ cayn6u CCCP. Yeonepuiericraosanue ruzposornueckix na6.0xeHH WAX OOpAOOTKH HaMeWaeTCR B MlepBylO ONEPERb NOcpexcTaoM MaKCH Manbuol apromaTuaanin MomyveMis, Copa, xpaveHns H Wenoabs0Ba~ Mun THAposorHNecKo HUpOPMALUH, BHERPEHTIA OOREKTHBHDIX MeTO- fos ee avaai3a; paspa0oTKH Meroqos ritaponorHveckKHX pacueToR nporkoaos. Texiudeckoh Gaaoi avTomatusauun Na6atoneHii 2o7%KHO aBuTeeR MMpoKO® NpHMeHeNite ABTONATHMeCKOH Te:teHaMepHTeAbHOH Annapatypl, CHC“EMB! abraaGmonenMi H SAeKTPOHHEIX BECTCHHTe:TE- HAIX ManIHH Jam O6PAOOTKH lomydaemoit uuop Mau. “Bolipockt KOMIMIeKcHolt apToMaTHaaMAH Hi _MeXAHHIHpoBaNHOR O6- paGorit peayasratos HaOmoxenmii paccarpuoavoren s pasnene IX, Conercxuit nepion passiitiis rHApOTOrHIE H THApoMerpHK ADA. ete, B ocoGeniocTH co RHA opranusannn FuapoMereopomoruyeckor caymOn CCCP, wanoree naosoTBopHEM Kak lo FaySuNe H BCecTO- pONHOCTH TeopenIuECKHX necaemoBarHit, TAK H NO paaMepy I calor HoctH MpowspeneHHUX B 9TOT NepHOR cTallWOHAPHLIX, SKCHEAULHOHNDX H chletwaabMx wccnenovamnit nox CCCP. C moaiitm ocHosannem MowiO YIBeprNaTe, HTO THAPOAOTHA KAK HayKa c oMpeetenHeiM TeO- perieckan conepskaivest M MpaKTHMeckiM MpHaoKeHHeM ee HayuEEX BeBoRos AA KYRA HApoRHorO xosslicraa ciopMuposaaacs mocae Be~ ‘auKofi Oxta6pKcKoH couHaaucrHvecKoh peBomoutnt, H Raapitelusee ce passuTHe BCeMeO CBAZAHIO CO CTPOHTEABCTBOM KOMMYBHTCTHYeCKOTO o6uiectaa B CCCP. ° Laaea 2 OPTAHH3ALLMA CETH THALPOMETEOPONOFHYECKHX CTAHUHA H MOCTOB B CCCP 2.1, Fuapomereoporormueckas cayx6a CCCP Obwee pykosoacrso nceMH rimpoMeteopozornueckiMN pa6oramit na Tepputopun Coserckoro Cosa ocymecrbaxerca Ttapibim yapas- aeHHeM THRpoMeTeOpoTOrHHE” ay’ ‘opete Munnctpos autem rwapowereop Kol eayaGu npn C Munietpot Tunpometeoponornueckan eayx6a CCCP spaneres o6uterocynap- crocinoi exyixGoh 4 lipusBana yaosreTBopsth sanpocw Haposworo Xosslictaa w OGopoubl Cipatis B OGAacTH MeTeoposiornn, KAUMATOATO- TuH, agponorud, arpomereopororny, rHapororMH H MOpCKO!t rHapoMe- yeopoaornu. Cchositimn sazayamu Tnapomercay xu spasiorca: 1) wayseeMe rrapometeoposorveckoro perkiita Tepprtropun CCCP, Mopeft w okeattea; 2) OGcay2XinaHHe HapoAHOro XosAlicraa ¥ OGoponH crpaitr THAPoMeTeopaxorHYecKOR UNDODMAuHe!t, NporHosaNN noroaM W THAPOAOTHECKHX ABACHNA, CHEMEKKAMHT O KANNATE, THAposOrANe eKOM peikiMe H arpoKaUMaTHNecKHx yerOBHAX; 3) Mposenerte Hayy Ho-tceaeqosarerbcxux pa6oT B OGAACTH MeTeopodorH, aspororiH, rHapoaorHy, MopcKoit rimpoMereopooriH: 4) oGoOuleNNe # HaAaKHe Matepiiazos He6qionentili M HayNNBIX HccaeROBaHit — exeroaHnKos, cnpaBousikon, TpYRO8 HT. M. . 16B pecny6auxax, xpanx m o6nactax unerores ynpassenin Tuapo- meteayx6u (YPMC), Kotope pykonoaar pa6oTol acex craiunit, TOCTOB H G10PO0, PACHOAONEHHLIX Ha OSeryRUBaeMo; MMH TeppHTO- PUK, o6paGaTHisator u OGoSuaIoT peayabTaTH HaSmOReHMH ceTH YnoBReTBOPAOT saMpocK BCeX MeCTHEX opranusauuti, HYAaOMNxCA 3 rHpomeTeopomorHNecKHx cBeneHHEX H MaTepHanax. B wacToattee apema ocyilecrBasiercs KOMMTeKcHan anTomaTH3auiNA Tunpomercaysx6er CCCP, 8 casait c vem OyzeT nponssomHTbcK ce Op- raiwsaunonHaa nepectpofixa. Crpyxtypa Taapomercayxx6u B yeno. BHAX KoMMaeKcHof aBTOMaTHsaNMM paccmatpuBaerea B THape 34. Hayuito-Metonmueckoe pyKOBOZCTSO BCeMH THApOAOrHYeCKHMH pa Goranm Tanpomereoponornueckoh cayxGut ocymecreasercn Tuapo. Meruepom CCCP Tocynapersenniin riapomormiecknm uHcriTy- tom (ITH). 2.2. OcHosMBe nPHANMNB OpraHHsanHH H pasmemenns ‘ceTH ruapomereopozornveckux cranumil M nocTOB: Tax uaysens rnapomereoponormueckoro pexuma oprannsyiores HaGaoxeHKA Ha MocTomUHOH mM BpeMeHHOA rocyaapcrsenHoit cern ctanuuit 4 noctos, a Take npousBOasTeR sKcHeAHIMOHMBIe paboTEs. Tocynapersenan rampomereopomoruueckaa cers coctouT H3 OC HOBHBIX H CeMMasBHBX CTaNUAH H MOCTOR Octopise, Ham onoptitte, cTanmuMH H MOCTE cHCTeMATHYeCKH H BCE cToponie Hsyvaior runpomereoposornveckHe mpouecctt Ht sinaentis, arMocbepHiie mpoueccty, noroay, KAMMaT, rHApoAOrHNeCKHA perKHM Pek, ogep, Boxoxpamuantt, Mopell, Gozo, a Tae arpometeopoxorH- weckHe yeaoans. OcHonHe cTaHUH H OCT OTKPHBAIOTCA Ha npo- OMKATeTbHBIE CPOKH, a B HeOOXORHMBX cAyNaHX — Ha Heorpanuves Hoe Bpem (BexoBUIe, HAH penepitte, cTaHuHH H MocTE). Ochositie, nian onopuste, TocTH nenaTcA Ha PexHMHEe H Onepa- Tupneie (wubopwaunonnme). Peruse rHApomorHTecKHe mocTBL Co- SKaIOTCH ¢ WetbIO HSYHENUA MeCTHEIX OcOBeHHocTeH rumposorAsecKorO Pexmma: ypoBHeit, cTOKa BORK, HAHOCOB, PacrBopeHHBX BeMLeCTB, YK- HovOD BoRHON NOBepXHOCTH H ApYrHX THMpARMHNEcKHX suleMeuTOD Pex W Bomoemos. Onepatwotnie ruaponornveckte moots cosnawrca man nibopma: Wu SaMHTepecoBaHHEIX HapomHOXOSAMICTBeHHBIX OpranHsauuh O TeKy- MX ABIEHHAX THRPOTOTHYECKOTO PEXHMA: TABONKAX, HABOMHEHUA, aBxeLNAX enoBOTO peXHMa, YpOBIAX BOR H AP. HM fAR cocTapzqe- HHA NporHo30a SzeMenToB rHpoaorMveckoro pemuMa. Cheunanpire cramumm m noctst waysaioT mecTitie ocobenHocTH THApoMeTeopomOrHNecKHX ycaoBHH H PEKHMA aK cheMKanbHBIX He gel, nanpimep aaa ayers KmMMaTa GombimNx ropomos, arpomereo- PomOrHYeCKHX YerOBMi BOSKEAMBANHA CEMBCKOXOSRACTBEMIDIX. KYA Typ mt. m. Crenmaabusre cranumn opraxwaywren B Tex cayuasx, KOrNa NaH Ha6moneHAT OxmAKaitUMNX OcHODHEX craHtUMit n TocToR OkastipaloTes HeNOCTaTONHAIMH JIA YLOBeTBOPEHHR pasmHUHENX cre undisecnix TpeGosanak. Cpoxu nelcrana cneniaababix craxni 1 16 Noctop ycraviaaausaioter B 3aBHcMMoCTH OT moctapaeNHuXx nepen MMe sana¥, Kpome rocyaaperseniioft raapomereoposorieckofi cern cranmuli 4 nlocton, nmenter BeLOMCTBeHHBIe CTaMUMtH H MOCTH, opramrayemme PASAMIGHEINM BeROMCTBEHHEIMN YupexeHMAMH (Hay¥HEIMM, npoeKTitu- Mu W mp.) Aaa yaosnersopenus Hx cneumpuveckHx sanpocos. Tax, Mamictepcraom ceabckoro xosaficrsa cosnaia riipomoriueckas cere crasuuit W mloctos Ha uppHTanHOHHBIX Kanaaax, MunucTepcTBoM pes Horo duiora — rinponoruyeckite noctst Ha Ua103ax H epeKatax, Mu HACTepcTBOM nyTelt cooGwerNA—THAPoAOrNNecKHE HOCT pH Mo- ctax. Beqomcrseititie cranium 4 noctst opramnsyiotea 10 coraacoaa- iio ¢ MectHtimn ynpas.rennsnn Tuapoweteayx6us Tipu pasmewenuu cerm cranuait m moctos yuutuBaiores: 1) reorpaayeckoe pacnpenerenue cram u nocTos B sasuicH- MocTH of CTemeH WoMeHUMBOCTH HaGmOLAeMBIX rHApOAOrHMECKHX H MeTeoposoriueckHX S7eMenTOB x sBsteHAi B npocrpauctse, a TawKe OF creneun onvoponuoctH npHpoaHEIX Yerosnit reorpaduveckol cpestet 8 eTOM; 2) penpeseurarnpnocts (npencraputenstiocth, _xapaxrepxocrs) haGnionenni cramuui n moctoB, 7. e. cTeieHib orpaxkeHum Hx NOKA23- NHAMM XapakTeDHBIx ocoGeNttocTeH AaHHoro paitowa, BoAHOrO OBpeKTA a wactn ero; 3) crenenb rowoct onpeaenettia rapoMereopororuyeckHx ome- MelTon Hi ABAeHRi B cooTBeTeTBHK C sanpocaMH HayKH, Hapoxnoro Xosalicrpa # O6opoust crpayil; 4) naan pasautus Bogoxossicraemssix Meponpuarut 8 CCCP; 5) 9konloMHNecKHe cooSpaxeni. Tixan pasmemesia craxunit 1 mocros riapomereoposorueckolt comm paspaGamusaercn pectyGankaxckumn ml TeppuTopmaasinin YIMC np yyactim waysneix yapexaennl TuapomerenyxxOw (apo- metuentpa CCCP, Tocynapersertioro riaponornueckoro mucrirryra, Tocynapersenworo oxeaHorpadiecxoro unctutyra, Taasnof reogut, SHuecKOR o6cepBatopHn H p.), Tlocme vero yraepxKnaeren Taapein ynpabaenuest reapomercay:c6u CCCP. Tipw pasmemeian ranporornueckix ctasunit n nocron (ocHoBNEX W crenuanbitix) yuuTHBalOT, YTO OcHOBHEIe sueMeHTH rHApoAOrHue- ckoro pexuMa BORHBIX OGbeKros (KomeOaMHR ypoBitel, pacxonoD BORM M HaHocos, BCKPLITHE M amepsanite, xUMMUeCKMA cocTaD BOR! H Mp.) Moxbepxens nenpepuisksin usmenienuAM, mateo. Becbata cuokne xapasrep. St KomeGaKHs oOycnoBmeH BAUMAN H moan MogelictBHeM uexOro prita HaMeHAOULHXCR NpUpOAHBX H XoaslicrReH. max daxropos. Jus watexvolt onewkn ruapoaoruaeckoro pexnnta BORHBX OGBEKTOD HEOGXOAHMO MET BosMoXNO Gonee MposoMKH Teabible i NenpepwBHBe naGmozerms Thaponoruveckne craw 4 mocTM pasMemaioren ¢ TaKKM pace YeTOM, ¥TOOH NpH BoIMOXKHO MeHbUeM HX KOMeCTBE MORHO 6:70 ui moayunrs xoctarownie H HanenHBe AaNHbe 0 DOmHOM pexNe raapnoit pekw H ee mputoxos. 2 Tuapowerpns oeFlan cpannumoctn Marepuaos HaGaioxennit crannmit Ht rocros Bce oun padoraior no THTORBIM. MporpamMaM, yeTaHanansaioMHN cocrae fT cpoxit Ha6moxentih, THmpomerpHueckne wa6avoneniin Ma CrAnUHAX Th mpctax Benyres ¢ MoMOWIbiO cTaHAapTNAIX mpHOOpos Ha OcHOBaNtHH CaNHx RIA Bee CeTH METOAUNECKHX YKasaHHt, OMPEReAMOULAX cHo- Cobu TOAeBHX HAGMOEHHA M KaMepabsol OOpa6oTKH WX peryabTa- 08. 2.3, Knaccnuxauns ranpomereoposornuecKoit ceTH Bee ruapometeopoaornueckwe cranunA 1 noerst Taasvoro ynpas- aexun ruaponercayést CCCP moapaszessorcn mo BlinaM M Paapa- ham, Bug cravuun w rlocta onpenemser oOnacTb Hx AeRTesbHOCTH, paspan—oGven BuNOAAeMEX WaGaroAeNuit M pa6or. flo Bika cranuMM H nlocTs Mompasdensiorea Ha MeTeopo.torie cxwe, apoaornveckite, rHApomOrHNecKHe, MopckHe THpomeTeoporor#t Secune (Geperonsie), cyopble ratpomeTeoponorHueckne, @ Take cmte- umaauouposaMnsre ‘Craninn u rloctit nonpaszeastorcs wa I, 11 x ITI paspaaw Tanponoruieexie crakunn— 370 yupexacns, mieloune onpeite- genni mirat corpyasuKos, Own Oupaior I # Il paspanos. Cranuun AL paapaaa Haywaior HAPOAOTHNeCKHA peRHM BORUUX OGREKTOR ta Teppuropin csoeli exTembuocrA, PYKOBOAAT mipHKperteHHsiMH cratt: Tuonen IT paapsuia 1 rimponoruNeckamm nocraNtl, CooSuLa¥oT “HeoOxO- Tuere eBenewiin 0 THAPOAOTHECKOM PeXHIMe IaHHTePeCORANNEM OP- Auwaatuaw # yapexaewuan. Crawuun I] paspada nponssonar 1o- hheame rampoaoriueckHe HaGaioxeHus W paGorss, oOpasorky, H akaans marepanos Ha6moneNnit nocTos, @ TakKe nepenaior wkopmauio D naGmonennax. Trapororiveckne cranun I] paspana cosmatores Sam, re oprannsaunin eTanmiit T paspara Hemenecoo6paaia, a nocTo~ Funoe npueyrcraue TexHHeckoro Wepcowana Ha THAPOMETpHNeCKOM crpope KeoGxonHNo. Thxpoaornuecenf rlocr—9T0 Mecto Wa peKe, o3epe HAH BOAOXA” mnawite, ss6pannoe ¢ cOOAOREHHEN oNpeLeMeRNNX Tpedowasti # O60~ pyaonanuoe Aa mposenemns Ha6monenull, Ha rHRpoAOTHYeCKOM Mo- cry mmeercr Ha6monaTen®. Peunize ruapoaormueckue nocrit Gxieaior I, II TIT paspaos. To- cru | paspaina nenyt Ha6soneHun 9a yponsest H TeMmepaTypOH BORD, SenanLinH O6pasoBaHNAMH H AeROBOH OGcTAHOBKO!, HaMepaloT Pac~ Xount BOR! H MPONSBOAAT MeTeopomOTHMEcKHE HAGAOAEHNA TO MPO: Tpamme meteoponornveckux ntocros I paspsina. Ha orgenbinx nocTax Hamepaior pacxomt B3BeUeNHbIX H ONNBIX HaHOCOB X MpOHSBOMAT OT- Gop npob Bom Ha MyTHocTs H AAA xHMHNecKOrO anazusa. TloctH Tr paspana peayt HaGalonenKs mo mporpanme moctos I paspsaa 9a ewmioteneM MaMepeHM? PACXONOS BORK, BABEUICHKBIX H AONE Ha- focos. Tlocrat II] paspaxa senyr HaGzoneNiA sa ypostie # veNTIE- Derypok nonsl, AEAAMMA OGpasosastinn H texOBOR oGeraHORKOH Piuipodormvecsne moctst ucex paapamos MOryT pHBsceKaTbeH K Mepe- nave nudopmaunn o pesyabratax na6aronentt 18 Kpone pestisix ruapoaornueekix noctos, uMelorea osepiite THtApo- Mereoposornuecki= nocrii I u II paapraos, Kotopsie neayT HaGatone- iia 3a THApoNereoposoruveckiMt pexkiMoM O3ep: ypopHeNt HW TextTe- PaTypOH BOM, TELOBLINN ABAEHHSNHL, TORULMIOM sha cera Ma DAY, BETPOM, BOwEKILEN HIP. Cheunasusnposauinie craxum seayt Ha6zomenna H paGoT mo cneunansism nperpammant, npeayenatpusaiouuin Hayyene ores ux oGvexros H apaeuni. B cent Tunpomercayx6u CCCP uments caenyiouie citeuiamsuposannwe cranui: 2 croxonute, nccstenyiomme mpoueccst popuposakiia BomKoro Ga- aatica Ma Mamulx BonocGopax p pasmHaHIX dusnko-reorpadueckax Yyerosnsix; — arposereopoaornuecke, uaysaiouure arpoxausarnueckHe yezo- BUS H HX BAWANITE Ha CeaCKOXOSRItCTBENHOE NPOUSBOACTBO; ‘— yerbenuie, nayuaioue rHapoNereopozortvecknit pexkust ycrbeD pyMHLIX peX, BIELAOWLNX B MOPH, x npHAerawOULHIN yuacTKo BIMOPBA; — osepHtie, wayuaroule rHapoMeTeopororHHeckit pexKHM O3ep poaoxparnantt; —"citero-tabiininie, ayuaioutne cierosaeranne, BOsHHKKOBeNHE H nepemewenue samt 9 roputix paitorrax: — GoroTuue, UsyLaIoULHe BCe SMeNEHTH BOANOTO Ht TeNAOBOTO pe- XkuMa KPYNHEIX GOAOTHIX MaccHBOS B PaszieMsIX GusiNo-reorpads- MeCKHX YeOBHAX Kponte rimponereoponornseckitx crasiunii m noctos, nepesitecen mux nbiue, THmponercayasGa Meet eute cerepiie oprannaauiy, Kax- To: rMAPOMeTeopomorMuecKNe OcepBaTOpHit, pemoitTHo-soccTaHonIt Teabisle Maptan, THAPorpadHueckite NapTHit, GlopO NOBEPKH THApO- MeTeopororiiveckix — MpHOopos, rA|pOKHMUNecKHe —1aGopaTopHit Pamwocraium 1 GasM cHAOKeHus OTUANeHHUX u TpYAOROCTYMNBX Tumpomereopoxoravecknx crantit ° PoPASREM I HABJIOJEHHA 3A YPOBHAMH BO/bI Paasa 3 OCHOBHBIE CBEQEHHS O PEXKHME YPOBHER BOJLbI HW CYUIHOCTS BOMOMEPHDIX HABJUOREHHA 3.1. Ochontme cnenenns 0 pexume yposuel sonst Komuvectso (oGnens) sonst, nporeKaroutelt 8 peKax it naxonnueltcr osepax, Gonorax, p nouBax H rpyHTax seMuoR nosepxHocTH, Henpe- PHBHO usMeuseTes. B cooTHercraMlt c HaMetteHHeM KOAHNeCTBA BORE YpOBHH MosepXHocTel BOAHLIX OGbeKTOB TAKKE HenpepuDHO Ment ores. Xapaxtep otHx KoaeGansh onpeneaneres nausuHem pAZa GaK- ‘opos, OOyCTOBAMBAIOMINX MHOFOMETHHE, TONOBLIE, CesOHHTe cyTOT be KoneOanns. Mnoroaeraye KoneGaina yposuel Consantt ¢ mepHloattieckHMy Ko- AeGaunawn KaKMaTA BeMeRCTBME GoNee HAM MeHee ALIMTENUABX HIM newnh B pextine o6mtelt atwochepnoft napxyannnn. Ha6monarontnecn B CBASH ¢ STHM AUMTeAbHMe MOXOAORANHA HAH TlOTenTeHNs H conyt- crayioume HM yMeHbINeNA HAH yoemMYeHHA OcaMKoR, BAAKHOCTH 1 Heniapeniia BHSWBAOT YoeMHNeNHe HA YMeHEUIEHHE CTOKa BORK, 2 cAenOBATeTEHO, NOBMIMIEHHe HIN MOMWDKeNMe yposHelt ORK B pekax, osepax, Gonotax i yponHell NonseMHEX BOR. ‘Muoronerune xone6anna yposuel Boas MoryT Geis BRIsBAKE TAK ake TeonOTHMECKHMH MpHITHaNH (NOMHATHE HTH ONYCKAHMe Ma BORO- eva) # sposvono-akkymyantHeKoi jtenTemsHocTst0 pex. Tak, HanpH- Mep, B DepXonDAX TOpMHx pex HaGzORaeTeR HenpepuBHEM npottecc ray6untoh sposnn (pasmus) pycaa, BemenctoHe ero aGcomoTmixe OTMETKH CpemMAX MuOTOTETHHTX ypooHeH 9THX peK AMeIOT ycrofuADyIO Tengenumo X CHHACeHMIO, STH HIMEHEHHS YPOBHA He cBRSANH C HSMe- HeitHem KommuecTBa BOE. Tononwie, KomeGanks yponiia NOAM ONpeReASIOTCR B OCHOBHOM Me- ‘TeopOsOTAeCKHMH YCTOBKAMH LAHHOTO TOMA, T. €. KOMNYECTEOM Ocan- Kos, BuInapmx Ha TeppHTopHM noROCGopa, TeMMepaTypamHt H BMarK- Moctbio BOsAyXa H BeTPaMM, ONpeneAMOMAMH NOTepH BaarK Ha Mena peuue. PasMepn noreps vom Ha mibaasrpanmo (npocasMBanie) B RONBLI H FPYHTH XOTA B OCHOBHOM H 9aBHCHT OT HX cocTana, a TaKKe of TeosorHweckoro HM reoMopiboorHuecKoro crpoeHi® Gaccehna, KO OWH cBRBAHK Mc MeTeOpomOrHecKHMH YcnOBHAMM, B OCOBeHHOCTH. 20 B ocennnli x Bececuni cesoust, B roam ¢ oSuabuMA ynaaxnenneMt yponiit 8 pexax, osepax, GoaoTax m GAHSKUX OT MOBEpxHIOCTH TORBEN Nox Hon cToAT BLUE, eM B cyxHe rons. Berencrane MenaeHHOrO BBH- WeHHA BOR B Mopax rpyHTOB KomeGamtR yponteit TAyGOKO sazera~ FOULUX NOAReMHEIX 301 OTPARaIOT RaKAHHe MeTeopomorHieckHx yeno~ uli gaunoro roxa anu cnyera 1—2 rona. Cesonnite KoneGaHiA YPOBHA HORM B PeKAX, OBepax, GosoTAX on- peneanores pee BCeTO TeorpambHecKHM MomORKEMHEM UX BORO- cOopHoro Gaccelia H ero dusuKo-reorpaduyeckunn ycxosMamu. He- HocpencTBeHHo BAKRIOT Ha XOX YPOBHEA B OTREMDHBLE CesoHH K:THNA- ‘THYeCKHe YoOBHS, B YaCTHOCTH PacnpeneNeHHe OCARKOB BHYTPH TOMA. Vimentio stun oSctosrensctaom m oOycxosampaetca BecenHee (MapT— anpexs) moaopombe Ha pexax enponeiicKoil wact CCCP, 8 Gacceitiax KOTOPLX KOMHNECTEO SHMINX OCARKOB cocrantReT OKOTO 30% TORO- Bol HX CYNMbi, B OTAHHE OT AaabHeROCTONHINX pek, THe OcHONHIOe TO- Aoponbe HaGzIoRaereA TeTOM (HIOM’—aBrycT), TAK KaK 90—95% ro- RoBUX ocanKos BbinanaeT sMecb TeTOM. Cesonste KoreSannn ypontelt sapHcaT TawKe OT BLCOTIN H pemb- eda Gaccefina, a TaKKe OT FO necHCTOCTH, saGomONeHHOCTH H O3eD- ocr, Y TopHWx pex H O3ep, MuTAaLOUYHXcH ‘OT Tass BRICOKOTOpHEX CHeroB H AeREHKOB, HANBLICHIMe ypoBHH OONHO RAGMOLADOTCR BIOTe (Ky6amp, Amynapea). Kpome toro, xaa ropnux pex (Huryp, Pros, Yopox) xapaxtepHo Gonbinioe KoaHYecTsO MaBoAKos OT ROMER. Ban- mule decitcTocTH, saGomovenHocTA H osepHoctH Gaccefina peKH B'Ipa- XaeTCA D CrAAAUBaNHH H BUpABIDAHHM xOsa ypopHell mo oTAeTE HBIM CesoHAN Toa, YTO XopoMIO BHLHO Ha peKax Conpn, Heve, Ope wap. B aeriui nepon komeGanna yposnelt Bomb 8 peKax moryt o6yc~ Moanbarben pasButHem H OTMMpaNKeM BoRHOH pacTHTerBHOCTH. Cesonmite KoneCauiia yposlel BOA 8 pexax TecHO cpAgaHM H C.1e- ROBLMH ABneNiAME. Tak, NOTH Ka BCex PeKax B nepHon saMepaanna HaGmonaeten Bayaxe KpaTKoBpeMeHHLI TOMseM YpoBieH ncnenct- BHe Peskoro BospacTaHa CONPOTHBAeNHA ABHKEHHIO BORM B MoMeKT genoctasa, a 3aTeN CHINKeNHE YPOBHeH B cDRSH C MepeKOOM peK Ha rpyitronoe naraine, Tleponuweckne pasmereit pycaa H OTsOAeHHA B HeM HaHOCOB Mp NPOXOXRCHHH TaBORKOB, TO OcoeHHO AKO GBACT DAPaxeHO yop MBI peK, HakaagtatoT oMOAMUTERBHEI OTHeYATOK Ha XapaKTep ce- Bouubix KoneGannt yponitelt nom. SHauHTenbioe BauaNHe Ha KOde6a- Ha ypopueli Bomb B peKax H Osepax Mory? OKaaMIRaTH rHApoTeXH- NeckHe coopyxenHs 1 3aGop BoxM Ha opomienne. Cyrounste XoneSanita YpOBHA BOMM B HHSOBDAX Pex MoryT BLISHI- baTbca npnansaviu, Kax, HanpHMep, Ha pexax Onere, Ceaepsoit out, 1 crouHo-KaroHHLINH BETPAMH, BAUAHHe KOTOPDIX Gomee APKO BAIpA- xxeilo 8 yerbe Hen u Gosee cna6o B yerbnx Boarn, iowa, Jivenpa Apyrux pex. Onpenenento BuipaxeHAMi cyTouNMt XOX ypoRlin Ha6.I0- aaercn y HeGomULHX peK c TeRENKOBEN muTaMMeM (3epanuiaH, Ky- Gan» p BepxosuAX) weueAcrBHe cyTOsHOTO HaMeHeHMA MeTeoponorit- WeckAX snemeHtTos (comHevHof pagnauun, Tevmepatyps: Bosavxa), 2h‘BAHRIOWNX Ha TasHHe aemHHKOB. CyTOUHE xoM ypoBHA Bomb OTMe- waeten Ha MaqbIX peKax MPH BhMageHMM B HX Gacceluax nome Cytounste KoneSaHss ypoBHa HORM XapaxTepHst 18 NepHoa OceRKAX W peceniHx nedoXONOB Ha pexax (MaM yuacTKaX peK), Te HabMORaIOTCA ABAeHHA 3axKopOR H BaTOPOR JhAa, a TAKKE Ha CHUABHLX peKax pu o6pazonaiian aanomos. Bitte 3aT0pos, saxKopoB H 3aTOMOB YpO: CHD BORM PeoKo TOAHHMaeTeH, a HIDKE — cTOME me PeIKO Manaen. x a ai Pie, 3.1. Copmemennuit rpagux xoneSanh yposnel som . Hpruiuia (x0 saperyanpoxanus) Ia YoreKemeworopem S068 aa of, yernas 7 Commanarnner, aA SS — Seren lo Sena i Swawutembuste cyToube KoMeGauHA YpOBHA BORK HaGmOgaoTCA ‘8 ipxnnx Gveax KPYMHBIX THAPoyss0B B cBAIH ¢ paGorok TIC no cytowomy rpaduky HarpyaKH; HanGoabme ypoBkH GuinaioT upH npo- Tycke MaKeHMambiNIX pacxonoB Yepes TypGHHM B cyTouKDA nepHON MaxcnmyMa warpysku. B Bepxiux Overbax rHxpoysnos cyTOWHELe KO- AeGANHA YPOBHA MeHee DMPAKEHM BBHAY SHAuHTEADHOFO COKEMA BO BB DOROXpAHHAMULE. Yposut Bou B peKax no wx AaMHe (oT HcTOKA K ycTblO) mpe- repnesawot siauireabubie WameHteuna. KoneGaiun ypostiel wont 10 Guiwne pex (puc. 3.1) Xor H COXpans¥oT cBon OcHoBHBIe OvepTAHNs, Ho 8 sMauurensuoll crencHn craakuBawtcm No Mepe mpHEaMKeNnA K yersio pex, 3.2. Team # oconnbte aaaayn BooMepHbix HabmoxenHi Vasyseime KoaeGaunli yposieh sons 8 pexax, ozepax, noxoxpatt- amuax, 6oa0Tax H MOpAX HMeeT Combe HayuHoe H_XOaRcrReNtHO® silaenue. Crpontenbcrso Mocros, foTuil, rHaposmexrpocranali, pasanunbix Geperossix coopyxenall (npictatieh, ckaan08, Bono3a60p- Hux coopyenull), 2 TaKXXe NPPHTALWOHMEIX KaXlazoB, aopor M Hace- HeHMBIX NYHKTOB BAO PYCEN PEK He MOKET OiTh palToNaAbUBIN Ges yrera pexiiva H BOIMORILX pasMepos KoAeGaHAT YPOBHA BORN B pe- Kax B palione pacnonomenus coopyxxeuui. Hanpumep, npH Heyuere 2 runposornueckix yenosait noctpoesitil MocT MoxKeT sinHrBeA mpenaT- Croment mm cyaoxoncrsa Ha peKe m nepHon nEICOKOTO croRHA ypoDHE hn Gyaer satonanteca axccre c npHseraioutelt K HeMY xoporolt. ip- purauvonHMe Kawau, BHBEMeHEBIE HI PERK Ges ocTaTOHHOTO Hayse- hus pexiaa KoeGatui ce ypopiin, MOryT B NepuoR MeKeHH Oka: Sarees Ges BoM. Beperoable coopyxenia a nacesenusie TYHKTH Mory? Homnepratsen paspyllnTerstomy seficTeHio HaBomHeHH W aenO- xonos, Haytenue KoneGanmit yposvell Boat B peKax HMeeT GonbUOe ‘anaene an cyaoxoRCTBA “‘HaGmonenna sa YpoonM Ha pOROXpaHMAMLAx HeoGXORUEN AAR nauGoaee paltionanbroro Hcnoabs0BaNiGe UX BORN pecypcos BHK~ rrepecax BCeX YuACrHIKOn BOLOXOSAIICTBeHHOTO KoMALIeKca: FHAPODKED- TeTHKH, cyzoxoncTBa, px6HOTO XosniteTBa H Ap. B ruapomerpan wa6mionenna 3a YPOBHANH BORE Pex HMeIOT oco6O pamcioe sHaveHHe Aan MOMCKeTa CTOKa Boas. B ocHony moncieTa cto- ka Monoxeta cBIsb MexKAY BHICOTOR YpoBKIA H_PacKOTOM BORH B PeKe, yeratapansaeman cOumuo sumupaseckim nyrem. Hsmepesine pacxona Boast —Tpygoewkan n ocTaTONNO AaWTeABHaR OnepaLiits, B TO BpeMR Kak HaMepeHie yposiiA BUINOANseTeR AerKO Ht GMICTPO, 3auacryiO aB- ‘ToMaTHYECKE. ‘Veranosaenua Ha ocHowe cpasnirersHo HeGoabuNOTO ‘tesa ORKO- speMentiuix naMepennit pacxonon Q i yposueli H sanucwmocts Q= =)(H) nossoas=r onpenemn» mo HaGmOReHHEIM ypoBiAM exexTeD- Hule Packomb! BOXK H TOACNHTaTD CTOK 3a FoR WAN UOft MepHoR Bpe- Ha octone muoroneTHHx m HenpepuslErX na6aionenntit 3a ypopHeN Norio OxapaKTeprigonaTs PEKIM ypoBHel HsyYAeMor BOAHOTO OG- ekra H, KPOMe Toro, NO SaBHCMMOCTH MexKAY PaCXonaMi H YPOBHAMH oayuntts Mpencrapnenile 0 PACKONAX vO PeKH 3a pasnnynsie no sonHocTH ront, 3.3. [puauunut yerpoiicrsa soxomepniix nocTos HaGmonenus 3a yponnsMn Bone Ha BOROMEpItHS NocTAX ZOMKIIEE Gurr oprauitsopaubi TaKuN o6pazoM, HTOGH MaTepHac HaGmOoneHHt 1) no oavomy nocty Guan cpaoHaMe 3a Bec nepiton ero xeficTBuA 2) nonyckaai BosMOxKHOCTD conocraBAeHHA PesyabTaToS Hab.uoneHit Ho pay MOCTOR, pacnozOXeHKEIX Ka ORKOM BOAHOM OGweKTe. STH Tpe- Gosanuin MoryT Obits BuINOAKeH MPH ycaoBHH, 4TO Ha BCeX TlOcTaX 6yner neficrsosats emnnan cucrema Ha6aioneNnti Kaxkaiiit noxomepHeii roct Nomen cocToRT® 13: 1) BoxOMEpHDIX yerpolicra —npacnocobaennii min wamepenta ypostel (peek, caait, Camonvcua) w 2) nocToaHHEx BsicoTHNx aHaKoS (penepos). Yponit BORK, Ha6mOKAeMBIe Ha BOLOMEPHBIX NOCTAX, LOAM LITE OTHECeTTET K Yenoplol MocKOCTH HY.AA TPacMKa Mocta, BBICOTHaA OTMeTKA oTopoit ocraer2n mocToRHHOfi 1m BCerO MepHona cyutecTBORANtA no- era ‘Ormerka yas rpaguka nocra suiGupaerca npn yctpofictse niocTa ¢ TaKUM pacueTOM, NTOGH MaOcKOCTS HYAA rpadnKa Haxoataace tHe 23Menee ¥eM Ha 0,5 M HIDKE CaNOFO HUSKOFO YPOBHA BOMB B peKe (o3e- Pe), KOTOPHiit NOXHO OXHRATS B CTBOPE Nocra. Sram mocTAraeTcA TO, ‘TO pH CaMBIX HSKHX YPOBHAX BORS OTCMETH Hx HAN HyaeM rpaduKa yay? nomomurenbusinit. Ha pexax c Heycroliuumtim pyciom oTMeTKy nyaa rpaduxa nocta Keo6xoRHMO HasHawaTb c yueTOM BoSMORCHO!t rayOuunof sposum (pasmeea) pycaa, HIpm wamsx rayOunax pycaa or- MerKa Hyaa rpacbHKa MONET GUTH NpAypoweHa K HaANMIell OTMeTKE ala pekit B cTBope Nocra HaK xe HeCKOABKO HIDKe Hee. TIpH HamMUHH Pana mocroB, pacnonoxeHHbX a KOpOTKOM ysacTxe pexH (5— 10 km), mweiomelt HeGommoe nanenue, WenecooSpasno sam BCEX TO- cros HasHanTs o6uuti Ryab rpaduxa. OGmai Hyab rpabuxa cae- AyeT Tae HasHAvaTs NAR BCEX TOCTOB, PACHONORENHEIX Ha OAHOM osepe man ponoxpaxnamine. Ha sonoxpannanutax ormerka nyaa rpapika mocra wagHavaerca na 0,5—1,0 M HmKe mpoexrHoro yposHa cpa6oTKH B npHnaoTHHHOM act Booxpanuzuuta. B otHenbusix cayvanx Bce 2 MOMET BOSHNKHYTS HeOGxoAHMOCTD uaMewens OTMeTKH Hyaa Tpaduka. HaMeHeme BMICOTHOTO NoAOKeHIs Naockoctu Hyak rpaduka mponssoauTes B caywanx: 1) epeoca mo- cta Ha sHaurenbnite pacctoanua, 2) Heyna%Horo nepsowatamHoro HagHaventta OTMeTKH HYAR rpadyka Biuule HHSmero ypopHA Bom, 3) PesKOro HaNEHEHHA YpOBeHKOTO PexHMa, HaNPHMep TPH CoIRAHMH BO- Zoxpanmania. Kpome toro, Mower BOSHHKKYTS HEOOXOMUMOCTE HSNE- wire oTMerKY yam rpaibuKa pH haKTHIeCKOR HeHSMeHHOcTH ero BL corHoro nomomenHs. Sto GuBdeT B TeX cayuasX, KOrMa HoMeHtsOTCH orweTkH nocToslx penepos: 1) NpH nepexone oT yeuoBHo cHcrems ormerox x Buatiiickok, 2) mp nepeciere ormerox HcxonHAtx perte- pos opraxanu TYIK, 3) Tocae noptopxo uBemHpOBKH MOCTOBEX pe- Mepos, can MPH STOM BHABATCH PACXORMeHHs, NPeMINAIOMME ROny- crliqbie Heas3kH HHBenHpHoro xona. BucorHoe nomoxexue naocKoctH Hyaa TpadiKa mocta onpenens- erea paccrosmiem hy (pic. 3.2) m0 neptukan of penepa noxoMeptioro nocta. Eeait peep usteer aGcomomnyio OTMeTKy, To, BAINHTAR HS Hee npesiimenne hy penepa nan uyaem rpaduxa nocta, noaysnm a6comor- nylo oTMeTKy Hyaim rpaguxa nocra. TlowHMo Hyat rpabHKka, ua BOnO- MepHEIX NocTax MMeeTeR ORHK HAM NeckoaBKO (IPH HAUGH pana pe- ex nan cpait) Hyael HaGmoneHus. Tlon nonsTHeN «nym» HabmOAeHHA> HopasyMenaeTcn Ta BLCOTHAR M:OCKOCTS, OT KOTOPOR nponanonnTes orcier ypostin Boxs B MOMENT HaGmOReHHA. BuCoTHOe nlonoKenHe nyaeh Ha6mOReHH onpeneaseTen nenuIMNaNH mpeBLineHNa penepa Hag naomankawn cpal (Ham uyaaMH peex) nocra, Ha peesHom BOLO MepHOM nocty —9T0 naocKoeTe Hysia pehKH, a na coalition — naouan- xa (rononka) cnamt, to KoTopoli B sTOT MoMeHT BeAyT Ha6atonenHA Ha pyc. 32 nyay naGmonenua npexcrasnen naomanxoh can No 2. Caexonatenbio, nya» Ha6moneHHs, 6 oTaHsHe OF nyaK TpadaKa, mpaneten ie yenoBHoll, a BettectnennoR naocKocrbio. TlonoxeHHe Hy- WH HAGMIOREHUR MOKET MCHATECA B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT KOReSaNHA yPODHR ROAM H KomNWecTBa peek aH CBail, YCTaNoRsIEHHEX Ha MocTy. Sr wa Melleniia MoryT HNeTs MecTO MPH pemonTe m gameHe peek m caali. a Tipesinmenue wysel peex w roaosox csaft Han HyneM rpaduka no- (cra, HAH, MHaNe, PasHOCTD HX BLICOTHUX OTMeTOK, HasMIBaeTcR_Mp H- BOAKOi stHx peek nan cpa. Ha puc. 3.2 neansnnst npHnorox coal NET, 2, 3 Gyayt coorwercraenno hy, he, ts, Jas yaoScrsa Berancnennht ypostelt wax HyJeM rpaduka nocta BesMWIHE! MPHBOROK BHpAKaIoT B canranetpax. HaGaoxena wa nonomepHom nocty Moryt Okt HavaT TomBKO Rocae Toro, Kak 6ynyT BLInOAHEHE cTeRyIOUMe PaboTH 1) wastiavera ormerka yaa rpaduKa nocTa; 2) mmmeauporxoit ot penepa wocta ycranopaent ormeTKH nyael peek, a Ha cBaltHom nocTy —naouanoK (roA0BOK) eval; ‘omm_ cf w!=9100u fess ‘Qmm c8.2=96,20m | = | | hoe 6000w hy =3000m 300m ee eerie eee eee Tisocwocme syne spdwima 791,00" ~ Omuemna ypobwe =228 + 94,00 = 96.38 Puc. 32, Cxewa ormerox 4 orcveron sig cHalion sonomepno%t noery 8) pusncneny (a cauTHMerpax) mpHBORKH Bcex peek (cBait) nan nyzem rpaduka nocra, 7. e. pasHoctH oTMeTOK HyseM peeK (naowta- HOK coal) H OTMETKH Hyas rpadmKa Ha6aionewas sa yposyawm sons Ha moctax peesnoro uaH cpa voro THna sakmiouatoTea B creayioment 1) wa6snogateas sanucsisaet tomep peiikn (cea), no KoTopoft om NpOBORHT WaGmMOReHHA, M ReAAeT OTCIET ypoBHA BOLL (xa PeewHON HOcTy Mo locTomMoi pelike, a Ha caalinom—no nepewocuol, ycra- Ransmpaemoli Ha momtanke cea). Orcier yposna sanncwsaerca B canTuMeTpax; 2) no cnpascsnof TaGanue HHBeAMpoBKH noca ycTaHasqusaetca Beanie npHBOLKH xyaR peliKH (cBax), no KOTOpOR Gbia NpoHsBeneH orcyer yponust Honk; 3) aurvicaseren Bitcota (8 caHTHMerpax) Ha6mozenoro yposia Boabi Han HyaeM rpaduca nocra (npmexenneth yposelts) KaK cysina arceera Yponex no pee (caae) wf npnnonKH HyAR AaxHOR eh (cna 2Cxema oreveta yposia Han yaem rpaguka nocra M Hymem Ha6. stlogentin nokasana Ha puc. 3.2, Tae oTexer yposHA no nepexocnof pelixe na caae Ni 2 pasex 8 cM, a orcuer yposia Ham nyneM rpaduKa tocta H=8-+hy cm. Ecam #eoxonHMo nloayaurs aGcomioriyio oTMeT- KY YPOBHS ROR, TO K BCOTe ypoBHA Han nyseM rpaduKa caeayer npu6apuTp a6comoruyw oTMeTKy Kya rpabuKa nocra Taaea 4 e THMbI H YCTPORCTBO BOJOMEPHbIX NOCTOB To xonerpyxunn sonomepix yerpolicrs nocrs: noapasaeantoren ua: 1) mpoctie (pecuusie, cbainwe, cheuianuse); 2) nepenatouine; 3) caMonumyutne; 4) nicranumoHmele, PerHerpApyioulNe yponeHD ne- NpepHiBio WK xB onpemeeHuNe cpoKH H MepenatoutHe HIopMattMo a sitausreabiioe paccrosHue oT MecTa HaMepeHHs. Bogomepusie ycrpoficrsa nomkns periierpuposats yponens na 0,25—0,50 m numse H HEDKe KpallaHx HeTOPHYECKHX yponuel, DuUBsCH WX Ho ecTecTReHHUM MeTKAM HAH OMpocy MecTHOro Hacenenin. Ha saperyauposanunix pexax ykasaHHNe BAe Mpeens ycranansuna- JoTCA To OTHOWEHIO K BNCUIENY HM HHOWeNY MpoekTHBIM ypOBHAN. 4.1. Tipocrste nonomepasie nocrs: TIpocrue noxomepmiie noctst » HacToRutee BpeMs! UIMpOKO pactipo- patients senemcrane HecnoxHocTH ycrporicraa H cpaBHTenbio HeBki- Cok crommoctH. Oreverit yposHs Ha HX MpousBonSTeA MpH noce- etl nocTa HaGawnatenen. StH nocTst alot nocTaTONNO. TouNIe cBoneNMA o peKHME YponitA, ECAH Ha BORHON OBBeKTE, rue yeraHoD- sleil MOcT, Her APKO BEIPEXxKeHoro cyroNHOrO xoRa ypoBHA, Tipocture noxomepriie MocTst 8 3aBKCHMOCTH OF OGopyAODANHA AAR HaGatoxenni sa yposuem somu ompasmensiotex Ha peewnsle, cna tise, enemanmye (peexxo-cpaiiuie) BuGop toro wan wnoro Tana mpocroro nocra onpeneaneten pasMe- Pom ronosoh avtnawtyst KoneGakH® ypoRHA, OcoBemIocrTaMH crpoe- ia Gepera peKH, HaaNuNeM MocToD Ht THAPOTEXHHYECKHX Coopy>KeMIt T ApyrHAG Mecr#siMH ycaoBHAAH. Peewntie noctai. Peewsi nonomepsiill nocr apaneren nanonee Rewensin nm mpocrsim no yerpoiicray H yAOOHMM AaN HpousBonCTBA kaGaionensth: Hocrs sroro tuna yerpaumaioren wa yuacrkax pex, Te HmewoTeH yeaoRHs, oGechedHBaIOMLNe Hx COXPaHocTs oT MoBperKeHUR Bontleniem, AemoxonoM, pH cnizane aeca MIN cyAaMn. Peeumte no- cat HanGoaee pacnpocrpaxens Na peKax, Kananax i osepax c ie- Gomsuunn (a0 2—3 m) roxosuMH aNmauTynaMH xoneSari ypoD- efi noma, Ha pexax c GoabusuaH ronopLiNH aNInATyAANH KoeOANM yponrelt Box peewmre nocTst NpHMeHsOT TOIBKO MTOM cay4ae, ecA % Mowio mpuxpentite poxoMepnyio peixy K MocTosoh onope nam ruxpo- Texitueckony coopyicetto. Ocuosiiofi npiitaanenHocrsio peesworo nocra maasercn nosomep- ax pelika, Tlocrosiie nosomepite peften Guinaior merananseekne sMaauposannire, uyrynmae Repepanunie (pic. 4.1) of Tlepensisie pelt ex0- crarowito npouns, a sacaniian Xpacka ¢ Hix Getpo cmbiba ercg poxoft, noacomy 1a no- crontab nocrax pexomenay- etem yoranananpate wyryniue elixit; eme Gonee yno6ue1 we- Taaanveckie pefixi c hapdo- Powsinn oknanKuianeT Ham Nereaamueckie sMaanpooat- ie pei. B.sxcneatutot Hux yeuoBitAX aan oGopyz0- Bana BpeMeniux — noctoo ya0Oue reRrowuse meta ateckie peiiki co ckEOSNBIMIE eaenusvat, Jlewrouuie pet pesomesayercn xpemitrs Ha o6yracnaBix nian oxpamien- ABIX NepHoit Mactatol xpac- Ko nockax, 6fyeKax ain caanx Toctu c seprakaas- Hott peRkodi, Ha ckansmux Geperax, y wocroa u ruaporex snecttix coopyxkeutt “nono. Nepiian peiixa mpowio npr Kpenasercn p seprixansiton omoxeHHN x o6ftBy cate: Noro Gepera, x naGepexnof, yeroio Mocra, cretiKe ulzt0%a, itaovune, Pelixy sanemipaiot pokes cy cher SanogaHno B enenwaabHO BB Put. 4.1. Tamit noerosix pees Gpamnwsii 8 coopymceniiit a3, e—acreanaras; _6-—vweransuscoeen sasngonoe Tip onackocrn nospexkaenns samo Soren miusyuunn ——npexnerant peiika nomxHa Guin orparkaena o76olimuNH 6pycuaNn, yKpenaen: Mun BILE TO TevenHo Tip naorwiax ycranasamsaior ave pelle —onny naa Ha6arone- iii 22 YpoDuaNt Hono! w BepxHeN Geede!, @ apyrjIo— p mMMeN nedhe * Bueow wansieaeren yaerox pet, pinmsixaroutuit x noanopuony coopyacent: bepxnih Goed)— suis coopy'nenan, mnokont mime ef, ne 7Tipu otcyrersun Ha ysactke nocta Moctos m rHxporexHHveckHx co- opyxxeuui Bonomepian pelika ykpenanerca na cnewmansio ycranas- aBaemoli caae NaH KycTe u3 TPex—narH cBal, cranyTHX xoMyrastH. Pefixa npuxpenasercn x cBae px nomomN Gontoe. jax mpexo- Xpanlenust pelik oT nospexnenua qenoxonoM, Opesnann m Apyramn TABLByUWUNH MpeMMeTaMH Oa romana Oxit saminmena cne- uvanbuM —orpaxaennem — arenopesom (pac. 4.2). oct ¢ Hakaonnoti peiKxom (pnc, 4.3). Sror Bun Nocta yaoGeH TeM, 470 ero pelixa stysuie sauuuena Ot ymapos steaun mM apyrux naapaiomnx npeaMeron, a npH Goasuiux ckopoctax revenis ow Gonee yno6en naa orcueToB ypoBus, Wem nocTst ¢ BepTH- Pre. 42. Orpancaenne nocrosot pel aexo- Kaabioh pefixoll, rae oTciet eson. MoxeT UcKamaTbcH BANSHHEM Nognopa ot naGera BonM Ha coaro ¢ pefikoit. Yeranoska nocta ¢ Hakaonoli peiixolt uexecooSpasia B MecTax, re HMEeTCR HcKyccTBeHHOe Yxpentenne GeperoBlix OTKOCOB, Aomkita Guith Ha 0,25—0,5 m sme HaMBAICUIerO HcropHtGecKOrO ypo- DHA BORK B peKe, a NAOMARKa HUKWEH cBaH—na 0.5 Mf IOKe HANH. wero yponus. Ha nepecuixaiomux pexax HunKkHAR Cuan ycraHan.niDa- TCH Boe HaHFMSIHeh TOXKH RHA cTRope Moca He Goaee ueMt Ha 10—I15 cm, Pasiocrs pucor maomanox AByx cMexxuLX coait RomKHA Guirt He Gozee 0.8 m, a TopHaoHTaabioe Paccrouue Mexay cBaRMH yctahapausaercr c ysetom ocoGentiocrel Geperosoro oTKoca H yn06- eta nogxona K CRAM AMI MpoUsBORCTBA HaSmIOReNE. OGutee KOH. 2 Haxaontize pela pasmenaioren ua nenewna, panaue 32, rae @—yron waxaoua pelxn x ropusonty. B arom cayuae onto nenenne HaksonHof peiikn GyneT cooTseTersoBaTs 2 em neprHKannuolt peiikn. Puc. 43. Cxews yeranonxn vaczonot pele. yoop > KaMenson 4a6pocey: 2 Saari: J— pe {Stace 5 seroma noxroroen Coane noctis, Caafintit noct (pic. 4.4) HaxGonee yno6en ana PaBHHNHBX peK CO sKauHTeNbHOK aNTiAHTyAO KoMeGaHH ypoomeh BO- au. Boxomepnie cnan, oOpasyroutwie nocr, ycranananpaior 8 ORHOM crHope, nepnenmNKyaxpHOM TeveHMIO pexi. OOuLee KomectBO cual nocta 3aBHCHT OT AMMLANTYAB KOAeO ANNIE ypoBHA BoM HOT yrua Ha- KaoHa Geperosoro oTKoca. Tlomanka (roaopka) pepxxeit cna nocta 8 Hem ; * 20 rf 7 200|- 150 100}. sok. A A 20 epaquna 181,256 60 | TT } Ww cbau [Pn 1 2.3 ~+ |Paccmosnue| — i, raccmonuel 0 43 18 «245 «18,0207 Opera 16370 189,36 182,01 162,85 182,31 162,02 101,54 [Peugodea,|2u5 210 «168 ~~—«180~=~«t08 ==? Puc. 44, Cxewa enafioro woxowepnoro nocra ecto caail, HeoSxomuMex za8 yerpolicrpa nocra, Hx pasmemenne mpeapapHresbio onpexeamor 0 monepewnomy uporprisio epera, 22- ‘eM HakiHe MPoeKTa HocTa MepenlocaT Ha MecTHOCTE. B nactoautee spews cnaitune mocts o6opyzyior cranaapriunn MeranaNvecKHMH BHATOBLIMH cBaRMM; AaHHa Wx 220 cm, auaMerp 8 ow. Hukiag wacth cnan Ha nporaacenin 35 cM yreet BiNToDyIO te PeDKy, a BepxHaR aMMOH 15 cx MpemcrapaneT coBoh ronoDKY ana Merpow 10 em. Ha rososke cpa c aayx nporiBononomHBx crOpOH ‘enenants maockue cpestt, cryxamMe OnOpoli AM Kalo4a, ¢ NOMOUILIO KoToporo cna sennivsHBaeren B rpysr. Tonoaka cpa oxpaumnacrcn Genol Macannoit Kpackoil, u Ha Mel wepiioll Kpackoh c AByx cropoH Hannncnipaeten HoMep cay. Coan nocra HyMepyior mo NOpaAKY caep. Xy bums or Gruakaiiureli K penepy caaH, KoTopan monyaeer nepBbih Ho. wep. Bpemewuute cram np orcytcraum MeranaHuecKHx moxHo HaroTOR: nate Ha Aepesa MpOowHEIX, He NOMLaIOMLHXCA FHHeNMO nopod. JLaR ceah »Pac, 45, Tlepeiocuas soxowepian pelixa Gepyr oTpesKu 6penex aHameTpon 20-25 cw. Lanna nasHa- waeten 6 3abHCHMocTH OT XapaKrepa rpynta H TayOHHE ero npoMepaanus, no He Menee 1,5 M. Huxun Koneu AepesaHniott ban (noMaesslit) aaTeckiBaeTcA Ha TPH Wan YeTHIpe TPaHtH Tipst saGusxe ceait p naoTHHe rpyHtit Ha 8a0cTpeHt KO- neu cBak HageBpaioT craabHolt Gauimak. Bes cea o6crpyri- bacrea M AAA TMpeXOXpaweiia OT THHeHHA OCMamHDAeTeM HAI caerxa oOyranpaerca, Bo WaGexaHHe packammBaniia 0 pas- powaupaniin NpH 3aGuUBKe ee 8 CpyNT Ha BepxAUl KoweN, cna Hanenaior Craabioe KoAbuO— Gye. Pc, 46, Cxeuanne noaomepsii nocr, Pay6unte 2a64eKn cnall romana OniTe TaKoj, wTOOE! HIRI xowett evan yeayOnsen He Newee "eM Ha 0,5 M B HenpoNep- Saunt caol rpylta, a ® pafiowax newwoll mepaotst — Ha Takyio 2xe TayOHHY B GAoll NeorTanBaroulero TpYHTa, ecaM OK pacnoaoren ite Sonee 2 m OT MopepxHOcTh. Toaoskit Bah riocae Sa6NBKH crHABAIOT FopHaOHTAAbHO mwoxe Oyreas, OcraBsaA Ha TlopepxHocTéi aextni 10-15 cM, irae ects OCHOBAHNA ONACATKCA TOBPEXAENHN Call TeTOXO- fon 5-10 ew, B wentpe Topua cobalt 3a6uBaIOT THODITD C NO- nyctheprecxoit mannkoir - Beat Geper pekit ckaaucriif, To BMecro yeraHoBKHt cBait uenecoospastee caesath B ckae BLIcewnn B BIR cTymeHel. Topnaonraneiie faomanKH ctyneue KomKNK 6erTh OCTa~ romoro pasmepa Aan npoxOma Mo HiN Ha6sionarenm, 1. ¢ He Nenee 20X30 em. B uenrpe noutanox yerananansatot meta.l- Guteckie uTbipH, sarleneHTapovalinbte B cKaay. ‘Boe cea nocra HiBeANPYIOTCR, MORyTAIOT OTMETKY 1 MpIt- Bomky K Hyav0 Tpaduxa riocta. Bucora yposia BoaM B pee Ha cbahwom nocTy orcuHTEBAeTCH MH nomoutn nepenoctoit BonoMepHof peliki, ycraHaBanBaeMo# B ucHTpe Topla (Ha Waanxy rHosaa) Oameaimen K Gepery saronaeHHolt cpa. 3vian BEANS MPHBOAKH cBaH, HeTPYANO BUSHCATIT BICOTY yPoBHA Bomb HaK HyMeM rpaduka oct (cM. PHC. 3.2) Crauaptiian soxomepuas meperiocias pelika (pic. 4.5) usroron- anerca 1g aerkoit MeranauMecko TpyOni; pelika uNeer AaHKy 100 em; ‘newest: Hanecenss sepes | cM. Cwewanunie noctl, Tun chemannoro nocta BosHNK H3 coveranua snchenros peesoro coaittoro noctos. Peesno-csaitusie nocts! yer PauBawoTCH Wa YACTKAX Pek, HMeIOUIEX PeskHe NeperomB! ck.OKOD Ge- pera: ua Kpyrol acta ycrananausaetea pelika, Ha noxorof—caan. Verpoiicrao cemannnix nocros wenecoo6pasxo ‘pit HaAIHHH coopy 2xeHR, HanpAMep MocToB (puc. 4.6). Ha 3ToM nocTy ypoBHH MexeH- WAX BOM Ha6mOLaIOT MO cBARM, a YPOBIH BLICOKHX BOA— NO BepTH- KambHoi peiike, yxpenaiennofi wa yeroe Moca. 4.2, Tlepenarountie sogomepawie nocri Tlepexatownuie noct yerpaupaiores p Tex cay4anx, KOrNa NORXOR x pone 3aTpynien 3-32 orneciBix Geperos. Mepematownsif nocr mo XeT GuiTs COOPYMeH Ha ecTeCTReHHOM Gepery HAH THAPOTEXHHECKOM coopysxeHmtt, Coat nocTemHee HMeETCR ita yHacTKe ocTa Ecant p sume npena Boxoem (peka, Osep0) HOKPHIBAeTCR «BLOM, ob AOnoaKenHe K MepexaTouoMy MocTY HeOBxoNEMO yerpaNBaTs pe- eum mai cBafitah noct ana HaGaomeHMi 3a YpopNAMH B SHMUT mepnon B aannicumoct or MectHsix yeroniA nepenaTounine nocrHt 6Bina1oT paaniiasx BAAO. Mocronofi nocr. Ecan xa Necre yeraHosKn mocta ustectes socr HAH Apyroe COOpy:KeHHe, WACTHNO HAH NOAHOCTHIO pacrono‘weRHOe Han peKoll, To yerpouTs noct KecaowKHO. Ha MocTy MeTKO saxpertas- ere NOCTORNHaA TONKa (ityab a6mOReHKA) JNA OTeSeTa ypoBHE. Bu CoTHoe noaoxenne sToh TOUKH OnpenenseTcs HBeAHpODKOR OT Gan xeaiuero penepe. HaGmonenia 3a KoneOaHuAnN ypoBHeR saKmoxa WIcA B HaMepeHHH PacctoAMIA OT TOUKH HYIR HaGmONeHHA Ha MOCTY Zo nosepxnoctn soau. Haepenus noryt nponspoaitreca mocpeacrBoM PasMeveHHOrO Tpoca WAH CTAASHOM pyaeTKH C Tpy30M Ha _HIORHEM kone. Tip He6ombwnx pacctonHnax HaMepeHHa yo5Ho AenaTs paa- meaennoi pefikok Tpocosuit nocr. [ocr storo sua yerpansaeren wame ncero a rop- WBIX peKaX, Korma Geper OOPUBHCT, A HcKyccTBEHNEX coopyxcHHit Ha pexe wet. Ockopioll Yactsw0 nocta mBaneTeR Beto (crpera), yerpoi CTR KoToporo sHAKO Na pc. 4.7. Buoc narorosamerca ua Opyca MposHoR nopoms: (ay6, coca) HAH 3 cTaabHof tpy6s. Ou yxpenaa- etes na Gepery Ka nposmx onopax. Baomb Buitioce Ka Geperonow ero KoHUe MOBEPXY KeNOABINKKO saKpenaKeTcs ropHacHTatbHAA BORONe: nas pelika nausioh 1 M, HYaeBoe RereHHe XOTOPOR OSpameKo a cto. pony peru, Ha xontte’ suttoca, o6pautestom K peke, yxpenaaercs 3‘Mapka wa rpoce 1 | Puc, 4.7, Tlepenatoxusit rpocoeuk sozomepitah noct. Ga0x, a wa Geperonom ero Konue —sbIOMIKa, Ha KoTOpy!O HaMaTtina- erca rHOxnH rpocHK, HAYUULH BAO peliKit vepes GaoK K Boe. Ha wioKHeM NOHUE Tpoca ToABeWHBAeTCA UAUNAPHIYeCKHH Tpy3 © sa0cT PeHHbiM B BRE KOHYCa KOHON Becom 2—5 xr. Man oTcveTa ypoRiiN Boab Tpoc paamevaeten Merkamu wepes IM Na RAM, panHyIo AMA Tyne KomeGannit yposnn. Merposiie erent orMeuaiorca KOTLANT, © BHONTEN HoMepOM Merpa. Aas Toro uro6u orcyer no pefike nanaa Menocpencrsentio aMCoTy YDOBHA HAR HyneM rpaduka, nponssoasT Tapuposauue ocra, Jo ra Puposana pelixa octaeten MesaKpenaennoii, ToUNOe ee nosoDKeHHe YeTaanaupaetcs Bo Bpema tapnposKu. Ee nposoaat tax. Tocpeacr. BOM WIBeAHPOBKH onpeneARIOT MpeBblIeHKe ypOBNR BORK san HyTEN rpapaka nocra. Cpasy nocae storo onyckaior Tpoc no Kacaxua Tpy- 30N MOBepxHOCTH BOAR, @ peliKY CRBHTaIOT BOM’ BEINOCA NO NOTOKe- Hus, pH KOTOPOM GamxafiwaR MeTKa Ha Tpoce cosmanaeT c ReReNHEN Peliku, paBHIM Komivectsy caxTHMeTpos B sHaveHUN npeDsuerns YPOBHIK BOM HAM Hye rpagHKa; MeTKa Ha Tpoce Gyzer coorBercr- Bovath wHcay Merpos B sHaNenHH npessnueHUR yposna Haz ty:1eM Tpapika, Ma Heli puOHBaIoT ato wco. Ocrastbiteie Merk ‘Tpoca uymepylor mompax ¢ Bospacrayem aua¥enmi B cropony Bons. To OkoWaHiH TapHpOBAHUA DeAKy MpoNNo saKpenasror. Tip neGoapmok annautyae KoeGaumit yposita Bons, nopanka 2-3 M, yeraonky yao6Ho cHaGauTb pefiKoli aanHoit 2,5—3,5 a, WTO HosnoauT OTCUHTHIBAT YposeNe HenlocpenctueNtio mo pefiKe npoTHD ykasarens, yxpenienworo ua tpoce. Touiocrs oreveta ypontin 1a He- Penatowsix nocrax 2—3 em, Mo mpi npienenun saekrpoxoHrakra Towmocrs Hopswaerer no 1 cM. B stom caysae Tpoc ¢ Tpy30M, REAR” Jomtien ogi aBeHON saeKTpHecKOH uenK, xomKeN OLITS HIOAMpO- Bait oT sasemxenna, a xpyroh Kowen snexrpilieckoft Menn HanexHo sasemmex. Mecto npuxpensenua tpoca K yuKy rpysa noqKHO 6UTE Mpimaavo, a octpwe rpy3a noxputo noayz08 Duncan Kacama rpysom noBepxiiocTi BoRw mpousvonures no ammepMetpy wan poawtMerpy. [laa nuranna saeKtpueckoit uenH pumenstor Gatapewo or Kapmanuioro tbouaps Tepenarounit nocr ¢ aptomatavecknm yxazareaem m orMeruitKom YpopHA Boab. Tlepexatountsh noct moxer 6isTb OGopyronatt Gonee co- BepUleHHEIM CHOCOGOM: YcTAHOBKOM creunambHoro tipHGopa——yRasa. Tesin yponan Y-52, omteauuoro ake 4.3. Yerpoiicrsa u npGops as pervicrpauun MaKcHMaabHEnx 4H MAHHMaabHBIX ypoBHeH Ha NPocrsx H nepexaTOUHEX nocraX HaGaronens 9a ypostem sous, shinomsemute 2a BorOMepHEsx o- Ctax oni HAH ABA pasa B cyTKH, BO MHOTHK cay¥aRX He HosBOAAIOT 3adiKeuposare Maiabicmee 1 HauHoWee moatomerne ypoans. Buecte © Tem aHanue 9THx XepakrepHcTAK ypoBHR u ocobeuKO ero ianGont uel nenusui umeeT CyulectReHHOe sHaveHNe AA ycranosenHA npe. se08 KoneGaHHA BOZHOCTH, Mpenemsasie noncKenna yposiis Bomb B nepHoms MexKAY cpoKaMnt HaGntonennll uxXcHpyiorcr nO MaKCHMaabHMM MH naHNa-ToMLAM 3 Trapowerpua