Global city

Saskia Sassen define ____________ as the hubs of global finance and capitalism. A home of the world's
top stock exchanges where inventors buy and sell shares in major corporations.

New York Stock Exchange- It represents the highest concentrations of capital in the world.

Financial Times Stock Exchange- It represents an enormous corporation of indices dominated by the
London Stock Exchange.

Nikkei- It is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Economic Power- Sociologist Sassen, remains correct in saying that ____________ largely determines
which cities are global.

Economic Opportunities- This is characteristic of a global city which offers work and professional
opportunities for people in different field.

Economic Competitiveness- This is a criterion of a global city which pertains to market size, purchasing
power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth.

Center of Authority- This criterion of global city maintains the seat of power in the country, meaning
countries important political offices are located in this city.

Center of Political Influence- This is a criterion of a global city which pertains to the city as home or
headquarters of international organizations.

Center of Higher Learning- This criterion of a global city pertains to the global city as the home of famous
universities and other academic institutions.

Center of Culture- This is a criteria of a global city which embodies the global culture such as culinary and
arts.

Vertical Farming- It is built in an abandoned building, and it may lead the way towards more
environmentally sustainable cities

Gentrification- It is the phenomenon of driving out the poor in favor of newer, wealthier residents.

Banlieue- They are poor Muslim migrants who are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic
enclaves.

physical spaces

globalization is spatial because it occurs in _________________.

globalization is spatial because what makes it move is the fact that it is based in places.

30%- In 1950, only _____ percent of the world lived in urban areas.

54%- In 2014, the number of people who lived in urban areas increased to ______ percent.

66%- And by 2050, the number of people who lived in urban areas is expected to reach _______ percent.

New York, London, and Tokyo- Saskia Sakia initially identified three global cities: all of which are hubs of
global finance and capitalism.

New York, London, and Tokyo- They are the homes, for instance, of the world's top stock exchanges
where investors buy and sell shares in major corporations.

San Francisco- __________________ must now factor in as another global city because it is the home of
the most powerful internet companies-Facebook, Twitter, and Google.

Los Angeles- Though it is not as wealthy as New York, movie-making mecca ___________ can now rival
the Big Apple's cultural influence

Chinese- the growth of the ________ economy has turned cities like Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou
into centers of trade and finance.

Shanghai Stok Exchange- The Chinese government reopened the ___________________ in late 1990,
and since then, it has grown to become the firth larges stock market in the world.
Global- Other consider some cities __________, simply because they are great places to live in.

market size, purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth- The
Economist Intelligence Unit has added other criteria like

Singapore- Based on these criteria, "tiny" ______________ is considered Asia's most competitive city
because of its strong market, efficient and incorruptible governments, and livability. It also houses the
regional offices of many major global corporations.

Washington D.C.- ______________ may not be a wealthy as New York, but it is the seat of American
state power.

New York- The headquarters of the United Nations is in ___________

Brussels- headquarter of European Union is in ______________

Jakarta- An influential political city near the Philippines is _________________, which is not just the
capital of Indonesia, but also the location of the main headquarters of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Frankfurt- The European Central Bank, which oversees the Euro (the European Union's currency), is
based in ______________. A decision made in that city can, therefore, affect the political economy of an
entire continent and beyond.

New York Times- The _____________________ carries the name of New York City, but it is far from being
a local newspaper.

Global cities- __________________ also have their undersides. They can be sites of great inequality and
poverty as well as tremendous violence.

Richard Florida- "Ecologists have found that by concentrating their populations in smaller areas, cities
and metros decrease human encroachment on natural habitats. Denser settlement patterns yield energy
savings; apartment buildings, for example, are more efficient to heat and cool than detached suburban
houses."

MNCs- Nation states are the centerpieces of the global community to the extent that _______ threaten
nation-states themselves.

MNC- most flexible and independent compared to nation-states which seem to lack the capacity to
dictate how MNC ought to behave.

Global city- serves as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications.

characteristics of a global city

1. cultural diversity
2. existence of a center economy
3. geographic dispersal of economic activities
4. global reach performance

New York, Tokyo, Singapore, and Seoul- famous global cities

New York- 2018 global cities index, _____________ ranker the highest in terms of the general criteria.

Global Migration
International Migration The movement of people to a country that is not their usual residence.

Inter-regional Migration The flow of international migrants between major world regions such as Europe,
N. America and Asia.

Intra-regional Migration The flow of international migrants within one or other of the major world
regions such as Europe, N America and Asia.

Long-term Migrant- A person who moves to a country other than his or her usual residence for a period
of at least a year.

Short-term Migrant- A person who moves to a country other than his or her usual residence for a period
of at least three months but less than a year.
Economic Migrant- A person who moves to a country other than his or her usual residence to improve
their standard or living or job opportunities.

Refugee A person who moves to a country other than his or her usual residence due to genuine fear of
persecution or death.

Asylum Seeker Refugees who have applied for asylum in a new country.

P = (B-D) +/- M Equation for population change.

Immigrant- An incoming migrant

Emigrant- An outgoing migrant

Net Migration- The balance between immigration and emigration in a country.

China, India, Poland, USA, Australia- Top 5 immigration origins of migrants in the UK.

Australia, USA, India, China, France- Top 5 emigration destinations of migrants from the UK.

USA- Country with the overall greatest volume of migration.

India- Country experiencing the greatest emigration.

India, Bangladesh, Pakistan- Top 3 countries from which immigrants in the UK come from.

Lee Migration Model- Name of the model used to explain migration.

Push Factors- Negative factors which operate in a migrant's current location.

Pull Factors- Perceived advantages of a potential destination which attract migrants.

Intervening Obstacles- Physical, economic, social and political factors which may disrupt or terminate a
migration at any point between origin and destination.

Cost, Physical Features, Climatic Factors, Health, Transport, Cultural Factors- 6 examples of intervening
obstacles.

Retirement Migration- A specific type of migration relating to quality of life, experienced mainly by AC's
due to increasing life expectancy.

244 million In 2015, how many people did the Nation's Population Fund predict were living outside their
country of origin?

Migrant Remittances Money that economic migrants send back to their family in their country of origin.

333,000 Net migration gain in the UK in 2015.

36.2% What percentage of all immigrants in the UK can be found in London?

Libya to Italy Most common inter-migration route in the summer of 2014.

Schengen Agreement Agreement, that although not applicable to every EU state, allows freedom of
movement within most of the EU across its internal national borders.

660,000 Number of poles living in the UK in 2013.

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
global population as of today- 6.5 billion

who said that demography is a statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition, spatial
distribution of human population, and of changes overtime in these aspects through the operation of
the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration, and social mobility Donald Bougue
demograhics- study of population based on factors such as age, race, and sex -

aging of population- occurs when fertility rates decline while life expectancy remains constant or
improves at the older ages. results in a rise inthe median age of the population

crude birth rate- referred to as birth rate. defined as the no. of live births per year per 1000 mid year
population

crude death rate- referred to as death rate. defined as the no. of deaths per year per 1000 mid year
population

migration- movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or
semi-permanent residence

mortality rate incidence of deaths in a given population during a defined time period (typically
expressed per 1000 or 100 000 individuals)

FERTILITY rate- no of children born alive to women of that age during the year as a proportion of the ave
annual population of women of the same age

world is currently gaining new inhabitants at a rate of 76 million per year

middle ground projections suggest the world will have 9.1 billion inhabitants by 2020

true- rapid population growth reduces per capita income, lowers standard of living, mass unemployment,
environmental damage, and is a burden on social infra. t or f

TRUE when population is increasing rapidly, shortages of basic services like pubhealth, water, electricity,
transpo nd communication, educ, etc rise. t or f

TRUE problems of migration and urbanIzation are associated with the growing population which further
leads to the law-and-order problem. t or f

TRUE data relating to present trend in popu growth help planners in formulating policies for the
economic plan of country. t or f

TRUE social and economic problems are associated with the growth of population. t or f

TRUE movement of people around the world has accelerated the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS
and SARS. t or f

1800 mortality declines began in europe

reproductive health- addresses the reproductive processes, functions, and system at all stages of life

TRUE reproductive health is a condition in which the reproductive functions and processes are
accomplished in a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. t or f

SEXUAL HEALTH refers to healthy sexual devt, equitable and responsible rela and sexual fulfilment, and
freedom from illness, disease, disability, violence, and other harmful practices

responsible parenthood and reproductive health act of 2012 aka RH law- law that guarantees universal
and free access to nearly all modern contraceptives for all citizens

catholic bishops' conference of the Philippines- who is campaigning against a reproductive health law
that is unacceptable to the church due to "fatal flaws" although it "makes a number of good points"