Ministry of Defence

INTERIM

Defence Standard

91-104/Issue 1 3 March 1995

LUBRICATING OIL, TWO STROKE, GASOLINE

ENGINE SERVICE

JOINT SERVICE DESIGNATION: OMD-23

This INTERIM Defence Standard

supersedes TS10111A dated
June 1976
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION

AMD NO DATE OF TEXT AFFECTED SIGNATURE &

ISSUE DATE

Revision Note

Historical Record

TS 10111A dated June 1976

 INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

LUBRICATING OIL, TWO-STROKE, GASOLINE ENGINE SERVICE

JOINT SERVICE DESIGNATION: OMD-23

PREFACE

This Defence Standard supersedes

TS 10111A dated June 1976

i This Interim Defence Standard specifies the requirements for Lubricating

Oil, Two-Stroke, Gasoline for use in both water and air-cooled equipment.

ii This Interim Standard has been produced on behalf of the Defence

Engineering and Equipment Standardization Committee (DEESC) by the Joint
Petroleum Products Subcommittee (JPPSC) (E10).

iii This Interim Standard has been agreed by the authorities concerned
with its use and shall be incorporated whenever relevant in all future
designs, contracts, orders etc and whenever practicable by amendment to
those already in existence. If any difficulty arises which prevents
application of the Defence Standard, the Directorate of Standardization
shall be informed so that a remedy may be sought.

iv Any enquiries regarding this Interim Standard in relation to an

invitation to tender or a contract in which it is incorporated are to be
addressed to the responsible Technical or Supervising Authority named in
the invitation to tender or contract.

v This Interim Standard has been devised for the use of the Crown and its
contractors in the execution of contracts for the Crown. The Crown hereby
excludes all liability (other than liability for death or personal injury)
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including, but without limitation,
negligence on the part of the Crown its servants or agents) for any loss or
damage however caused where the Interim Standard is used for any other
purpose.

1
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

CONTENTS PAGE

Preface 1

1 Scope 3
2 WARNING 3
3 Related Documents 3
4 Materials 3
5 Qualification Approval of Product 4
6 Quality Assurance 4
7 Testing 4
8 Keeping Qualities 5
9 Containers and Marking of Containers 5

Table A Test Requirements 5

Annex A Test for Filter-Blocking Tendency of 2-Stroke Oils. A-1

Annex B Related Documents List B-1

2
 INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

LUBRICATING OIL, TWO-STROKE, GASOLINE ENGINE SERVICE

JOINT SERVICE DESIGNATION: OMD-23

1 Scope
This Interim Defence Standard specifies the requirements for a lubricating
oil primarily for use in two-stroke, water-cooled outboard motors. The oil
may also be used in air-cooled two-stroke gasoline engines under the
guidance of the appropriate design authority. The oil may either be used
in neat form or in a fuel-oil mixture, depending on the equipment but, in
the latter case, the fuel:oil ratio to be used in any engine shall be that
recommended by relevant service instructions or, if these are not
available, as recommended by the engine manufacturer. Normal operation is
expected from the lubricant at ambient temperatures from -20°C to +40°C and
may also be used beyond this range with adequate precaution.

2 WARNING

This Interim Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures
that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It
refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves either the
designer, the producer, the supplier or the user from statutory and all
other legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage of
manufacture or use.

3 Related Documents

3.1 The documents and publications referred to in this Interim Standard

are listed at annex B.

3.2 Reference in this Interim Standard to any related document means in

any invitation to tender or contract the edition and all amendments current
at the date of publication of this Interim Standard.

3.3 Related documents may be obtained from the addresses shown in annex B.

4 Materials

4.1 The lubricating oil shall consist entirely of refined petroleum

products and/or synthetic hydrocarbons in which suitable additives may be
blended. The product may also contain an approved high flash-point
hydrocarbon distillate in order to achieve the desired properties at the
concentrations prescribed for engine use.

4.2 The additives shall remain completely soluble in the blended oil and
shall show no separation at temperatures from the pour point up to 100°C.
If the oil is cooled below its pour point, it shall regain its homogeneity
within 24 hours on standing at a temperature 6°C above that pour point.

4.3 The Ministry of Defence reserves the right to require that the oil and
any components used are subjected to toxicological and physiological tests
to ascertain their suitability for use.

3
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

5 Qualification Approval of Product

5.1 Before any product can be considered as complying with the

requirements of this Interim Standard, the manufacturer shall have obtained
Qualification Approval. The supplier shall be required to provide full
details and evidence that the product meets the requirements of the
National Marine Manufacturers Association certification tests for TC-W3TM
two-stroke cycle gasoline engine lubricants. Procedure for obtaining
Qualification Approval and details of Approving Authority are obtainable
from:

Ministry of Defence
Directorate of Standardization
Stan 5C
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
GLASGOW G2 8EX

Satisfactory performance in certain engines and equipment, identified by

the above authority, may be required to be demonstrated, in addition to the
requirements of this Interim Standard, before Qualification Approval is
granted.

5.2 Following Qualification Approval of the product, the formulation shall

not be changed without the written consent of the Qualification Authority.

5.3 Qualification Approval is valid for five years from the date of
Qualification. The manufacturer shall apply for re-qualification if an
extension is required.

6 Quality Assurance

6.1 Representative samples of each batch of the finished product shall be

tested to show homogeneity and compliance with the requirements of tests
numbered 1 to 3 of table A of this Interim Standard. These samples shall
also conform to the production control limits for additive elements
declared at the time of Qualification Approval when tested by the methods
agreed by the Qualification Authority.

6.2 The responsible technical or supervising authority reserves the right,

at any time, to require additional testing of the product and to sample and
test the product and/or ingredients during or after manufacture.

6.3 The manufacturer shall certify that each batch of the product is
identical in formulation with the product originally Qualification Approved
to the requirements of clause 5 of this Interim Standard.

6.4 If any sample taken from the consignment is found not to comply with
the requirements of this Interim Standard, the whole consignment may be
rejected.

6.5 The provision of clause 6 shall apply equally to the contractor and
any subcontractor.

4
 INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

7 Testing

7.1 Properties of the product shall not exceed the maximum nor be less
than the minimum values set out in table A.

7.2 Methods quoted in the table are referee methods and shall be used in
cases of dispute. Alternative, technically equivalent methods eg ISO or
ASTM, may be used with the agreement of the responsible technical or
supervising authority.

7.3 The ISO 4259 procedure, which covers the use of precision data, shall
be used for the interpretation of test results.

Table A

Test Requirements

TEST PROPERTY UNITS LIMITS TEST METHOD

NO.
1 Appearance Clear, homogeneous Visual
and free from examination
visible impurities.
2
2 Kinematic Viscosity at 100°C mm /s Min 5.0 IP 71
3 Flash Point °C Min 61.0 IP 34
4 Filter-Blocking Tendency index Max 2.0 Annex B

8 Keeping Qualities

8.1 The product, when suitably stored in its original sealed containers,
shall retain the properties described in this Interim Standard for a period,
from the date of dispatch, of not less than 12 months in temperate climates
and not less than 6 months in tropical climates.

9 Containers and Marking of Containers

9.1 The product shall be supplied in sound, clean and dry containers,
suitable for the product and in accordance with the requirements of the
contract or order.

9.2 Coatings and paint finishes shall comply with the requirements of the
contract or order. Markings shall be in accordance with the requirements of
Def Stan 05-52 (Part 1). The product identification shall be as specified in
the contract or order.

9.3 It shall be the responsibility of the contractor to comply with any legal
requirements for the marking of containers.

5
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

Collation Page

6
 INT DEF STAN 91-104/1
ANNEX A

TEST FOR FILTER-BLOCKING TENDENCY OF 2-STROKE OILS

A.1 Scope

This method is applicable to lubricating oils for use in 2-stroke engines of

both water-cooled outboard and air-cooled motors.

A.2 Outline of Method

The oil under test is subjected to a period of cold storage such as has been
shown to cause precipitation of gels in some 2-stroke oils. The oil is then
filtered through a 5µm filter and the time taken for consecutive 50mL portions
of the oil to pass through the filter gives an indication of the filter-
blocking tendency of the oil.

A.3 Apparatus

A low temperature cabinet or bath capable of maintaining a temperature

of -5(±0.5)°C for four weeks. Glass bottles, borosilicate, 250mL with
closures. Membrane filters, cellulose-acetate, 5 µ m, 47mm diameter.
Filtration apparatus comprising a funnel of approx 300mL capacity, with
calibration markings at 25mL intervals; a filter-holder and 500mL Buchner
flask. Vacuum apparatus capable of maintaining a constant vacuum of 15"Hg at
a flow rate of 20mL/min. Stop watch with split (lap) function and capable of
reading to one second.

A.4 Method

A.4.1 Using a representative sample of the oil under test, place

approximately 200mL into each of ten 250mL, borosilicate-glass bottles. Close
the bottles and place the bottles in the cold cabinet which should be at -5°C.

A.4.2 After a period of one week, remove two of the bottles from the cold
chamber. Inspect the contents of the bottles for evidence of cloud or
precipitate on the glass. Allow to stand in the laboratory for 1 hour before
filtering as detailed below.

A.4.3 Place a filter on the holder and assemble the funnel. Place the
assembly on the buchner flask and connect to the vacuum supply ensuring that
the isolating valve is closed. Stabilise the vacuum at 15"Hg.

A.4.4 Pour the contents of one of the bottles into the filtration funnel.
Note the fluid level. Open the vacuum valve and start the stop watch as the
fluid level passes the next 25mL graduation on the filtration funnel.
Activate the split (lap) function on the stop watch as the fluid level passes
the graduation mark corresponding to 50mL of timed filtration and note the
reading (t1). Activate the stop function on the stop watch as the fluid level
passes the graduation mark corresponding to 100mL of timed filtration and note
the reading (t2).

A.4.5 Calculate the filtration index as detailed below.

A.4.6 Assemble a clean filtration apparatus as per 4.3 and repeat 4.4 and 4.5
for the second bottle of oil.

A-1
INTERIM DEF STAN 91-104
ANNEX A (Concluded)

A.4.7 After a further 7 days, repeat steps A.4.2 to A.4.6 for the next two
bottles. Repeat for the remaining bottles at 7 day intervals. However, if
the filtration index of any sample exceeds 2.0 then the oil shall be deemed
to have failed and the rest of the testing may be omitted.

A.5 Calculation

The filtration index is the ratio of the time taken to filter the second 50mL
portion of oil compared to that of the first.

ie Filtration Index = t 2 - t1
t1

A.6 Reporting

Report the filtration index for each of the samples and the average of each
pair of samples.

A.7 Precision

The effect of gel-type deposits is so dramatic that a discontinuity exists

between the precision for blocking and non-blocking oils.

Precision for non-blocking oils - to be established.

Reproducibility for blocking oils may be as poor as ±100% (limited data
available).

A-2
 INT DEF STAN 91–104/1
ANNEX B

Related Documents List

B.1 The following documents and publications are referred to in this Interim
Standard:

ISO 4259 Method for Determination and Application of Precision

Data in Relation to Methods of Test for Petroleum products.

Def Stan 05-52 Markings for the Identification of Fuels, Lubricants and
Associated Products: Containers Holding 210 Litres or Less.

IP 34 Determination of Closed Flash Point, Pensky-Martens Method.

IP 71 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of

Dynamic Viscosity.

NMMA TC-W3TM Certification Tests for Two-stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine

Lubricants.

B.2 Related documents can be obtained from:

DOCUMENT SOURCE

British Standards British Standards Institution

(BS) and ISO Sales Department
389 Chiswick High Street
LONDON W4 4AL

Defence Standards Ministry of Defence

(Def Stan) Directorate of Standardization
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
GLASGOW G2 8EX

IP Institute of Petroleum
61 New Cavendish Street
LONDON W1M 8AR

NMMA National Marine Manufacturers

Association
401 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, IL 60611

B-1
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1
ANNEX B (Concluded)

Collation Page

B-2
Collation Page
INT DEF STAN 91-104/1

© Crown Copyright 1996 This Standard may be fully reproduced

Published by and obtainable from:
Ministry of Defence
Directorate of Standardization
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
GLASGOW G2 8EX
Tel: 0141-224 2531
Fax: 0141-224 2503
except for sale purposes. The
following conditions must be observed:
1 The Royal Coat of Arms and the
publishing imprint are to be
omitted.
2 The following statement is to be
inserted on the cover:
"Crown Copyright. Reprinted by
(name of organization) with the
permission of Her Majesty’s
Stationery Office."
Requests for commercial reproduction
should be addressed to MOD Stan 1,
Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street,
Glasgow G2 8EX

The following Defence Standard file reference relates to work on this

Standard - D/D Stan/344/4/43.

Contract Requirements

When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts users are

responsible for their correct application and for complying with contract
requirements.

Revision of Defence Standards

Defence Standards are revised when necessary by the issue either of

amendments or of revised editions. It is important that users of Defence
Standards should ascertain that the are in possession of the latest
amendments or editions. Information on all Defence Standards is contained
in Def Stan 00-00 (Part 3) Section 4, Index of Standards for Defence
Procurement - Index of Defence Standards and Specifications published
annually and supplemented periodically by Standards in Defence News. Any
person who, when making use of a Defence Standard encounters an inaccuracy
or ambiguity is requested to notify the Directorate of Standardization
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate
action taken.

95/50017