4

22. Prove that if the line joining the incentre to the centroid of a triangle
is parallel to one of the sides of the triangle, then the sides are in arithmetic
progression and, conversely, if the sides of a triangle are in arithmetic progression
then the line joining the incentre to the centroid is parallel to one of the sides of
the triangle.
23. Determine integral solutions of the Diophantine equation
x−y y−z z−w w−x
+ + + =0
x+y y+z z+w w+x

(joint problem with Emeric Deutsch, Polytechnic University of Brooklyn).

24. For x, y, z > 0, prove that
 x
1 1
(i) 1 + ≥ 1+ ,
(x + 1) x(x + 2)
(ii) [(x + y)(x + z)]x [(y + z)(y + x)]y [(z + x)(z + y)]z ≥ [4xy]x [4yz]y [4zx]z .
25. If ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle, prove that the four lines
joining each vertex to the nine point centre of the triangle formed by the other
three vertices are concurrent.
26. How many six digit perfect squares are there each having the property that
if each digit is increased by one, the resulting number is also a perfect square?
27. Let Vi Wi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, denote four cevians of a tetrahedron V1 V2 V3 V4 which
are concurrent at an interior point P of the tetrahedron. Prove that

P W1 + P W2 + P W3 + P W4 ≤ max Vi Wi ≤ longest edge.

28. Determine the radius r of a circle inscribed in a given quadrilateral if the

lengths of successive tangents from the vertices of the quadrilateral to the circle
are a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, respectively.
29. Determine the four roots of the equation x4 + 16x − 12 = 0.
30. Prove that the smallest regular n–gon which can be inscribed in a given
regular n–gon is one whose vertices are the mid-points of the sides of the given
regular n–gon.
31. If 311995 divides a2 + b2 , prove that 311996 divides ab.
32. Determine the minimum value of
p p
S = (a + 1)2 + 2(b − 2)2 + (c + 3)2 + (b + 1)2 + 2(c − 2)2 + (d + 3)2 ) +
p p
(c + 1)2 + 2(d − 2)2 + (a + 3)2 + (d + 1)2 + 2(a − 2)2 + (b + 3)2

where a, b, c, d are any real numbers.

33. A set of 500 real numbers is such that any number in the set is greater than
one-fifth the sum of all the other numbers in the set. Determine the least number
of negative numbers in the set.