Smart Irrigation System Based on Internet of Things

(This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Masters of Business Administration with major in Marketing)

Submitted To

Lecturer, School of Business

University of Creative Technology Chittagong (UCTC)

Submitted By

Mohammed Rasel
ID: 230512009
Program: MBA (2 Years)
School of Business
University of Creative Technology Chittagong (UCTC)

Date of Submission: 19 May2023

 Supervisor’s Approval

This is to certify that a project paper titled “Smart irrigation system based on Internet of
Things” has been completed under my supervision by Mohammed Rasel, a student of MBA
(Major in Marketing) University of Creative Technology Chittagong, bearing ID230512009.
This project paper is an original one. It was not published earlier anywhere and not submitted
to any university. We believe that this project system will be more useful in areas where there
is scarcity of water and will be worth efficient with satisfying its requirements. I therefore
recommend this project paper to accept for the completion of Master of Business
Administration (MBA).

I wish him every success in life.

Sakera Begum
Lecturer
School of Business
University of Creative Technology Chittagong (UCTC)
 Letter of Submission

May-12, 2021

To
The Coordinator
School of Business
University of Creative Technology Chittagong (UCTC)

Subject: Submission of report for the Masters of Business Administration.

Dear Sir:
It is a pleasure for me to submit the report as per the University requirements and guidelines. It
was an excellent experience for me, and it also gives me a taste of practical research experience
on the “Smart irrigation system based on Internet of Things”. I am grateful to you for your
help and guidance.

I hereby certify that I have not adopted any plagiarism while preparing the report as submitted.
The whole report is prepared predominately using the primary data, which was not tempered or
manipulated by any means. All the data and analysis, as presented in the report, are original
work for me. I have tried to provide proper citations for the secondary data I have used for this
report.

I hope and request that you would be kind enough to accept the report. If you need further
information regarding this report, I will always provide the necessary information, sincerely.

Thanking You
Sincerely Yours

Mohammed Rasel
ID: 230512009
Program: MBA (2 Years)
School of Business
University of Creative Technology Chittagong
 Student’s Declaration

I do hereby declare that the project paper entitled “Smart irrigation system based on Internet
of Things” has been submitted to University of Creative Technology Chittagong in partial
fulfillment requirement for the Degree of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) Major in
Marketing. This work is original one and has not previously been accepted or submitted for any
Degree, Diploma or Fellowship to any other institution or University.

Mohammed Rasel
ID: 230512009
Program: MBA (2 Years)
School of Business
University of Creative Technology Chittagong

Acknowledgment
At First I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to the almighty God for his blessing in
completing this project report. I am very much grateful to Sakera Begum Lecturer, Faculty of
Business Studies, University of Creative Technology, Chittagong, my respected supervisor of
"this report," who assigned me this challenging work. She always guided me to take and
overcome this challenge. Her direction, critical comments, criticism generous patience greatly
helped me to carry on the project paper and give it a final shape. Without her help in every
step, I could not finish this project properly in time.

This Research paper is an accrual of many people's efforts. I am obliged to a number of people
who helped me organize this report and their kind opinion, valuable suggestions and
instructions, moral support, and appropriate guidelines for this. I have received endless support
and guidance in the preparation of this report from numerous sources. I would like to take this
opportunity to thank them all.

I also express my warm gratitude and cordial thanks to all the faculty members of school of
business of UCTC who gave us necessary information and excellent guidance to prepare this
report.

At every moment, I remember the respondents of my survey questionnaire, who sacrificed their
valuable time for answering all questions of my research topic, which helped me a lot to
prepare this report. Without their cooperation, this report would not be possible.

Finally, I would like to convey my gratitude to all of my family member and friends who
extended their support to prepare the report.

Executive Summary
The Internet of Things (IOT) technology is very useful in agriculture. In Bangladesh,
agriculture plays an important role for development in food production. IOT plays an
important role in many fields, one of that is Agriculture by which it can feed billions of
people on Earth in future. The objective of this project is aiming to overcome this
challenge, the whole system is microcontroller based and can be operated from remote
location through wireless transmission so there is no need to concern about irrigation
timing as per crop or soil condition. Sensor is used to take reading of soil like soil moisture,
temperature, air moisture and decision making is controlled by user (farmer) by using
microcontroller. The data received from sensors are sent to server database using wireless
transmission. The irrigation will be automatically on when the soil moisture level is
reduced. When soil moisture level condition is fulfilled then the irrigation is automatically
off. The farmer is notified with the information regarding field condition through mobile or
LCD display periodically. This system will be more useful in areas where there is scarcity
of water and will be worth efficient with satisfying its requirements.

Table of Content
CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
NO.

Supervisor’s Approval

Letter of Submission

Student’s Declaration

Acknowledgment

Executive summary

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Research Objective

1.4 Limitations of the Study

Literature Review

2.1 Definition of key terms

2.2 Factors influencing consumer behavior

2.3 Buying Decision Process

Methodology

3.1 Population and Total Sample Size

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Sampling Technique

3.4 Data collection process

Data Presentation & Interpretation

Findings, Recommendations & Conclusions

5.1 Findings of the Study

5.2 Recommendations

5.3 Conclusion

References

Appendix

Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.1) Introduction

Agriculture is the main source of food production in our country. In Bangladesh,

agriculture contributes 28% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which
employs more than half of the total population[6]. The Bangladesh government has
stressed and highlighted the need of innovations to be in above mentioned criteria’s
in agriculture, thus seeks an indication of technology exposure and innovative
implementation practices to enhance the productivity. The productivity in
agricultural, food security, erratic conditions in climates, soil conditions requires new
ideas and innovations. While this is largely depends on irrigation system and current
techniques in irrigation which helps to achieve more productivity. Automation in
irrigation system helps farmers to manage their work much easier and helps to take
decisions even in the absence of farmers. IOT, sensors, smart phone tools are the
technologies which helps farmers to know the status of their land, amount of water
needed, temperature of soil, humidity, weather conditions, PH level etc. IOT is the
term was first coined by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the year 1999.
Definitions focus on technical aspects of IOT when the other based on the
applications and functionalities. A few definition defined IOT as "an extension of the
current Internet to all objects that can communicate directly or indirectly with
electronic equipment and connected to the Internet". Other defined as "a novel
paradigm that is rapidly gaining ground in the scenario of modern wireless
telecommunications. IOT is automating all the aspects of farming and agricultural
methods to make the process more efficient and effective. The aim of this study is to
analyze recently developed IOT technologies in the agriculture and farming
industries to present summary of sensors, technologies, and sub-verticals such as
water management and crop management.

Smart agriculture allows farmers to produce by using minimum resources such as

water, fertilizer and seeds. Farmers can deploy sensors to understand their crops,
conserve resources and reduces the influences of environment in crops. The smart
agriculture is also called as precision agriculture. A number of sensing technologies
are used in precision agriculture, providing data that helps farmers monitoring and
optimizing crops , as well as get used to changing environmental factors including
location sensor, optical sensor, electro chemical sensor, Mechanical Sensors,
Dielectric Soil Moisture Sensors, Ultrasonic distance measurement Sensors, Airflow
Sensors, Agricultural Weather Stations, humidity sensors, pH Sensor. The Figure 1
illustrates the factors influencing irrigation system.

Figure 1: Factors influenced irrigation system

In smart agriculture, one of the main sensors is soil moisture sensor. It is used to
measure the volumetric water content (moisture) presents in the soil. The threshold
value is fixed, and the soil moisture value level measured and checks with threshold
as above and below levels. The humidity sensors help to measure the surrounding
air temperature and relative humidity. Relative humidity is the ratio of actual
moisture in the air to the highest amount of moisture that can be held at that air
temperature. Irrigation is the fundamental need of agriculture, there are three classic
irrigation methods: channel irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and Drip Irrigation
According to the need of crops these three methods are being used. Regarding smart
irrigation system, researchers have proven that water usage is minimized when an
automated irrigation system that relies on soil moisture as a parameter is
implemented. Among this Drip Irrigation is the one where farmers can conserve
more water as it will supply the water in the form of droplets directly on to the root
of the plant on to the surface of the soil. But to irrigate the plants human continuous
attention towards the crops is essential and also man power is needed to implement
any irrigation method. To avoid this, sensors automatic method of Drip irrigation
can be implemented and the status of the irrigation can be notified updated to
farmer using IOT. To implement these things RaspberryPi3 model B processor has
been used with ESP32 module in order to avoid damage of RPI. A customized
sensor- based system can be used which reduces the power consumption in the
 aspect of water source as well as the cost incurred during the irrigation process.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This project is for overall development of farming system in Bangladesh bringing
cheap technology in the hands of our farmers. For a very long time farmers have
been in problem for checking proper soil condition to keep their crops safe and
check to supply water every time and staying at their fields for whole day long in
strong heat condition. Checking when to supply water to crops and when to stop the
supply. Also, farmers have to take recommendation from agricultural experts
paying extra price to them when they need proper direction but now with the help of
this smart irrigation system farmers will have the benefit of staying back at home
and looking for conditions of the soil through their mobile app and start/stop the
irrigation as needed. Also, the irrigation system will be automated so the farmers
can relax back after cropping the crops and start/stop the irrigation as needed. This
will be one time investment for farmers as they will not have to concern agricultural
experts every year while cropping their crops .Also the moisture levels can be set by
farmers based on the crop they are planting which they will get on their mobile and
show in LCD display. So, economically there is one more profit is not investing in
labor to handle the irrigation process. Hence, we are giving the complete control
over the crop field to the concerned farmer who can control the field after cropping
their crops over growing period till harvesting. This gives a lot of relief to the
farmers. IOT devices are a way out for the farmers to this problem. The IOT device
must have a mobile application connectivity so that the farmers can handle tasks
from their respective homes. Moreover, the data reguarding moisture content is
uploaded on the internet for agricultural analytics for better farming solutions based
on IOT in the future upgrading the system side by side.

When we study in this project. we are find many irrigation system such as
Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture Content, Remote Monitoring
in Agricultural Greenhouse Using Wireless Sensor and Short Message Service
(SMS), a

Arduino based remote irrigation system developed for the agricultural plantation,
Irrigation Control System Using Android and GSM for Efficient Use of Water and
Power, Microcontroller based Controlled Irrigation System for Plantation
, A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture
sensors etc. By all above this system it is found that no such systems are existed
with all integrated features but proposed system includes these all features such as
displaying temperature, humidity and soil moisture values and also automatic
switching on and off of motor by considering soil moisture values.

So finally we are decide to do this project “Smart/Automatic irrigation system based

on internet of things. Sometimes we are face some problem when we are create this
project but more study or research can solved this problem easily
1.3 Objective of the study

The main objective of this project is to provide an automatic irrigation system

thereby, to save water and time and also save money & reduce human intervention
in the agriculture field. Continuously monitoring the status of soil through sensors
and provide signal for taking necessary action .To get the output of the sensor and
provide water to crop. To observe parameters for better yield.

1.4 Limitation of the Study

Though I have tried to put best effort to fulfill determined objective, still there were
some limitations. Those are given below:

1. costs for purchasing, installing and maintaining the equipment

2. reliability of irrigation system (due to human error when setting up)
3. Increased maintenance of channels and equipment to ensure it is working
properly.
CHAPTER TWO
 2.1) Literature review

Primary investigation is carried out under the following stages:

[1] IOT Based Auto Irrigation System Using Soil Moisture Sensor.
Automatic irrigation system is constructed with the support of pump motor. The motor
will turn ON or OFF automatically. The signal received from the microcontroller and the
soil moisture is used to turn ON the water pump. While begin the process, the power is
supplied to the microcontroller. The level of the moisture and the humidity and
temperature is noted. According to the moisture content, the water is supplied. If the
sensed value is less than fixed value, the irrigation motor will turn ON. This can be
controlled over the system using the internet connectivity.

[2] In Sensor based Automated Irrigation System.

IOT mentioned about using sensor based irrigation in which the irrigation will take place
whenever there is a change in temperature and humidity of the surroundings. The flow of
water is managed by solenoid valve. The opening and closing of valve is done when a
signal is send through microcontroller. The water to the root of plant is done drop by drop
using rain gun and when the moisture level again become normal then sensor senses it and
send a signal to microcontroller and the value is then closed. The two mobile are
connected using GSM. The GSM and microcontroller are connected using
MAX232.When moisture of the soil become low moisture sensor sense it and send signal
to microcontroller, then the microcontroller gives the signal to mobile and it activate the
buzzer. This buzzer indicates that valve needs to be opened by pressing the button in the
called function signals are sent back to microcontroller. Microcontroller used can increase
System Life and lower the power Consumption. There system is just limited to the
automation of irrigation system and lacks in extra ordinary features.

[3] In Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
Module.

About using automatic irrigation system in which irrigation will take place by wireless
sensor units (WSUs) and a wireless information unit (WIU), linked by radio transceivers
that allowed the transfer of soil moisture and temperature data, implementing a WSN that
uses ZIGBEE technology. It takes a measure of temperature and moisture using sensor
and controlled by microcontroller. The WIU has also a GPRS module to transmit the data
to a web server via the public mobile network. The information can be remotely
monitored online through a graphical application through Internet access devices. This
irrigation system allows cultivation in places with water scarcity thereby improving
sustainability and it is feasible system. But due to ZIGBEE protocol this system becomes
more costly.
 [4] In Wireless Sensor Network based Remote Irrigation Control System and
Automation using DTMF code.

About using automated irrigation system for proper yield and handled remotely for farmer
safety. Wireless sensor network and Embedded based technique of DTMF (Dual Tone
Multiple Frequency) signaling to control water flow for sectored, sprinkler or drip section
irrigation. Circuit switching instead of packet switching used by SMS controlled devices
available currently in the market. The farmer can use his cell phone or landline phone for
the purpose of starting and controlling the irrigation and the pesticide spraying, just by
dialing and sending the DTMF commands over the GSM network. This system will be
very economical in terms of the hardware cost, power consumption and call charges.
Farmers have to control (on/off) the valves time to time (even at night) which increases
the running cost because every time we have to make a call to on or off the valves and it is
also very inconvenient. Farmers are unable to know the status of power supply at the field.

[5] In Wireless Sensor Network Based Automated Irrigation and Crop Field Monitoring
System mentioned about using wireless sensor network based automated irrigation system for
optimize water use for agricultural purpose. The system consists of distributed wireless sensor
network of soil moisture, and temperature sensors placed in the crop field. To handle the
sensor information Zig bee protocol used and control the water quantity programming using
an algorithm with threshold values of the sensors to a microcontroller for irrigation system.
The system continuously displays the abnormal condition of the land (soil moisture,
temperature level). Using a GSM modem with GPRS facility feature provides the information
to fanners and interface with PIC 18F77 A microcontroller. The Irrigation system is automatic
and manual mode. This system increase the crop fields, improve the crop quality, increase the
energy and reduce the non-point source pollution. Due to PIC microcontroller the length of
the program will be big because of using RISC (35 instructions).

[6] In Smart drip irrigation system.

About using fully automated drip irrigation system which is controlled and monitored by
using ARM9 processor.PH content and the nitrogen content of the soil are frequently
monitored. For the purpose of monitoring and controlling, GSM module is implemented.
The system is used to turn the valves ON or OFF automatically as per the water
requirement of the plants. The system informs user about any abnormal conditions like
less moisture content and temperature rise, even concentration of CO2 via SMS through
the GSM module. The moisture sensor output will help to determine whether to irrigate
the land or not depending upon the moisture content. Along with moisture sensor the
temperature sensor output can also be taken into consideration while irrigating the land. If
the moisture content of soil is very low and the temperature is very high then there is need
of irrigation for plants, but the time for which irrigation will be provided is different for
different temperature range. Small amount of water is lost through deep percolation if the
proper amount is applied. ARM processor is that it is not binary compatible with x86.
This means you not going to be running windows any time soon. There are several Unix
operating systems that can run on ARM however, such as Linux and BSD.
 Chapter 3: Proposed system

3.1) Methodology

3.2) Block Diagram

3.3) Flow Chart