What Is Plumbing System? Plumbing is the system or network of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other fixtures used inside a building for supplying water and removing water- borne wastes. Plumbing system follows the general law of nature gravity, and pressure.System Of Plumbing As mentioned above, there are four systems of plumbing for drainage work in a building. 1. Single stack system, 2. One pipe system, 3. Two pipe system, 4. One pipe partially ventilated system.1. Single Stack System In this system, only one vertical soil pipe is used. The wastes from all the sanitary and soil appliances are discharged in the same pipe. The traps of WCs, sink basins, etc are directly connected to the single stack pipe. In this system, there is no separate pipe for ventilation purposes. This system proves economical as only one pipe is to be provided.The effectiveness of this system depends entirely on the depth of the water seal. No water seal should be less than 75 mm in depth. Waste water pipe Root 2nd floor 1st floor Tub Ground floor W.C. — Man-hole Single stack system.2. One Pipe System In this system of plumbing, the waste connections from sinks, baths, washbasins, and the soil pipe which is connected directly to the drainage system. Gully traps and waste pipes are completely dispensed with. But all the traps of wC.s basins, etc, are completely ventilated to preserve the water seal by a separate vent pipe.GES. Waste paper pipe Bins ™ Roof J La 2nd floor | ry 1st floor i | G.Floor OI Man-hole One-pipe system. The following precautions should be taken in this plumbing system.a) All the joints off waste pipes should be air-tight. b) Each waste pipe should be connected to common stack directly. c) Vent pipe diameter should not be less than 50 mm. d) The waste pipe should join the stack, above the soil branch at each floor. e) All traps should be provided with a deep water seal of not less than 7.5cm.3. Two Pipe System In this plumbing system, two pipes are installed. W.Cs and urinals are connected to vertical soil pipe baths, kitchens, basins, etc are connected to another separate vertical waste pipe. Soil pipes and waste pipes are provided with separate vent pipes. This system thus requires four pipes and hence proves very costly. The soil pipe is connected to the drain directly but the waste pipe should be connected through a trapped gully.Ventilating pipe Two-pipe system.4. One-pipe Partially Ventilated System This system is via media between the first and secand one. There is only one soil pipe into which all W.Cs, baths, sinks, and washbasins discharge. In addition, there is a relief vent pipe that ventilates only the traps of W.Cs and urinals.Ventilating Waste paper pipe pipe WC. 2nd floor 1st floor G.Floor Man-hole One-pipe partially ventilated systemPrecautions For System Of Plumbing The following precautions should be taken to adopt this plumbing system: a) It should be provided with deep water seals, at least 75 mm. b) The diameter of the vent pipe should not be less than 5 cm. c) The waste pipe should join the stack above the soil branch on each floor.d) The fall or waste pipe should be continuous and gradual. The slope of the waste pipe should be between 1 in 12 to 1 in 48. In India pipe systems and sometimes one pipe system partially ventilated are in most common use. The plumbing system can be made more economical by compact grouping of fitments in both horizontal and vertical directions.