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William

The Giant Pacific Octopus Gumirov

Enteroctopus dofleini
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Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Coleoidea
Order: Octopoda
Suborder: Incirrata
Family: Octopodidae
Genus: Enteroctopus
Species: Enteroctopus dofleini

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Evolutionary tree of life

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Octopus Evolutionary Acquisitions

● Getting rid of heavy shell
○ Allows to move aster, squeeze thru narrow barriers, prey and avoid predators
better.
● Ability to change color or texture
○ Gives advantage when hiding or preying.
● Ejecting ink
○ Startles predators.
● Suckers on arms
○ Let sense, taste and smell the environment while sitting on the ocean bottom.
● Arm regeneration
○ Enables great survival.
● Blue copper-based blood
○ Is more efficient at transporting oxygen in cold deep waters.
● Three hearts
○ Help pumping copper-rich viscous blood thru body.
● Complex nervous system with nine brains
○ Brain in each arm enables efficient, fast movements.
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Ancestry
Octopuses are the most complex
animals with the most distant
common ancestor to humans.
Facivermis yunnanicus
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● Common ancestor - primitive flat worm
Facivermis yunnanicus:
○ Lost body parts it no longer needed
○ Was minimally inteligent
● Divergeance happened approximately
500 millions years ago.
● Common traces
○ Nervous system (of different
complexity, of course)
○ Eyespots (evolved into eyes in
octopuses & humans)
 Domain: Eukarya
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General Description
● The Giant Pacific Octopus (GPO) is the largest
species in the world
○ Arm span up to 14 ft (4 m)
○ Weight up to 157 lbs (71 kg)
● Longest lifespan among octopuses - 3-5 years
● Speed up to 25 mph
● Surprisingly intelligent: can use tools, solve
puzzles, memorize & distinguish people
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Geographic Range
The Pacific coast
of Mexico, the
Russia,
United States from
Eastern
California to
China,
Alaska, Canada
Japan,
Korea
(The north
of the
Pacific Ring
of Fire)
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Ecology
Biotic Factors
● Major food - shrimp, crabs,
scallop, abalone, cockles, snails,
clams, lobsters, fish, squid, and
other octopuses
● Major predators - seals, sea
otters, whales, sharks, humans
Abiotic Factors
● Cold Pacific waters, <60F,
oxygene-rich, deapth < 6600 ft
(2000 m), pH 8.0
● Rock crevices, shipwrecks,
shells, kelp hold-fasts, bottles,
bridges, concrete anchors, etc.
used as den
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Food Web
Secondary consumer

octopus
small fish,
scallop
large fish,
crab octopus
seals

Tertiary consumer

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Interaction with Humans

● Socializing
○ Octopuses are social and enjoy playing with humans.
○ They can recognize people and show their preference.
○ As pets, octopuses need to be constantly entertained (interacting, making them
work for their food).
● Inspiring
○ Intelligence & appearance of octopuses inspired tech innovations (robotic arms,
color changing robots, suction cups, camouflage material etc.).
● Feeding
○ Octopuses are a significant source of protein for humans (3.3 mln tons fished
annually).
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Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Pacific_octopus

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11470349/Humans-oc
topuses-descended-animal-lived-518-million-years-ago.html

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Phylogenetic-tree-depicting-the-e
volutionary-relationship-between-cephalopods-and-the_fig1_3441519
07

https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/octopuses-playful-choosy-and-s
marter-than-you-think/

https://www.livescience.com/48054-octopus-inspired-technology.html