INTERNATIONAL

DEBT REPORT
2022
Updated International
Debt Statistics
International
Debt Report
2022
International
Debt Report
2022
Updated International Debt Statistics
© 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org

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Contents

Forewordix Bangladesh43
Belarus44
Acknowledgmentsxi Belize45
Benin46
Introductionxiii Bhutan47
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 48
PART I: Overview1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 49
Botswana50
Overview3 Brazil51
Trends in External Debt, 2010–21 3 Bulgaria52
The Evolving Maturity Composition of Burkina Faso 53
External Debt, 2010–21 8 Burundi54
Changes in the Creditor Composition of Cabo Verde 55
External Debt, 2010–21 11 Cambodia56
Extraordinary Support from Multilateral Cameroon57
Creditors during the COVID-19 Central African Republic 58
Pandemic15 Chad59
The Debt Service Suspension Initiative: China60
Update and Perspectives 17 Colombia61
Spotlight on Debt Data Transparency: Comoros62
The Role of the World Bank’s Debtor Congo, Democratic Republic of 63
Reporting System 18 Congo, Republic of 64
Notes24 Costa Rica 65
References24 Côte d’Ivoire 66
Djibouti67
PART II: Aggregate and Country Tables27 Dominica68
Dominican Republic 69
All Low- and Middle-Income Countries 29 Ecuador70
East Asia and Pacific 30 Egypt, Arab Republic of 71
Europe and Central Asia 31 El Salvador 72
Latin America and the Caribbean 32 Eritrea73
Middle East and North Africa 33 Eswatini74
South Asia 34 Ethiopia75
Sub-Saharan Africa 35 Fiji76
Afghanistan36 Gabon77
Albania37 Gambia, The 78
Algeria38 Georgia79
Angola39 Ghana80
Argentina40 Grenada81
Armenia41 Guatemala82
Azerbaijan42 Guinea83

v
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Guinea-Bissau84 Somalia133
Guyana85 South Africa 134
Haiti86 Sri Lanka 135
Honduras87 St. Lucia 136
India88 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 137
Indonesia89 Sudan138
Iran, Islamic Republic of 90 Syrian Arab Republic 139
Iraq91 Tajikistan140
Jamaica92 Tanzania141
Jordan93 Thailand142
Kazakhstan94 Timor-Leste143
Kenya95 Togo144
Kosovo96 Tonga145
Kyrgyz Republic 97 Tunisia146
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 98 Türkiye147
Lebanon99 Turkmenistan148
Lesotho100 Uganda149
Liberia101 Ukraine150
Madagascar102 Uzbekistan151
Malawi103 Vanuatu152
Maldives104 Vietnam153
Mali105 Yemen, Republic of 154
Mauritania106 Zambia155
Mauritius107 Zimbabwe156
Mexico108
Moldova109
APPENDIX: About the Data157
Mongolia110
Montenegro111 User Guide to Tables 159
Morocco112 Tables159
Mozambique113 Statistics159
Myanmar114 Aggregate Measures for Income Groups
Nepal115 and Regions 159
Nicaragua116 Classification of Countries 160
Niger117 Symbols160
Nigeria118 User Guide to Online Tables and Database 161
North Macedonia 119 How to Access the Online Country Tables 161
Pakistan120 Indicators163
Papua New Guinea 121 How to Access the Database 165
Paraguay122 Actions165
Peru123 Data Sources and Methodology 167
Philippines124 Data Sources 167
Russian Federation 125 Methodology168
Rwanda126 External Debt and Its Components 170
Samoa127 Data Documentation 173
São Tomé and Príncipe 128 Sources of the Macroeconomic Indicators 178
Senegal129 Country Groups 181
Serbia130 Regional Groups 181
Sierra Leone 131 Income Groups 182
Solomon Islands 132 Glossary183

vi

BOXES
O.1 External Debt Data: Concepts,
Sources, and Coverage
O.2 World Bank Income and Lending
Classifications Used in the
International Debt Report 2022
O.3 Allocation of the International
Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing
Rights in 2021
O.4 Sovereign Debt Market Fragmentation
in Highly Indebted Poor Countries 14
O.5 Improvements in Debtor Reporting
System Coverage Enhance Debt
Transparency22
FIGURES
BO.1.1 Net Equity Inflows and External Debt
Flows to Low- and Middle-Income
Countries, 2010–21
BO.2.1 Number of Low- and Middle-
Income Countries Covered in the
International Debt Report 2022, by
FY2023 Income and Lending Groups 5
O.1 External Debt-to-GNI Ratios
for Low- and Middle-Income
Countries, 2010–21
O.2 External Debt-to-GNI Ratios, by
Country and Region, 2010 and 2021 6
O.3 External Debt Stocks of Low- and
Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21
O.4 Percent Change in External Debt
Stocks of Low- and Middle-Income
Countries, 2010–21
O.5 Share of External Debt Stocks
of Low- and Middle-Income
Countries, 2010–21 
BO.3.1 SDR Allocations as a Share of
General Government External Debt
and International Reserves, by
Region, 2021 
O.6 Long-Term and Short-Term Debt
Stocks of Low- and Middle-Income
Countries, 2010–21
O.7 Share of Short-Term Debt Stocks of
Low- and Middle-Income Countries,
2010–2110
O.8 Change in Low- and Middle-Income
Countries’ Short-Term Debt Stocks
and Trade-Related Debt, 2010–21
C O N T E N T S
O.9 Net Debt Inflows by Maturity
in Low- and Middle-Income
3 Countries, 2010–21 10
O.10 IDA-Eligible Countries’ Long-Term
External Debt Owed to Private
5 Creditors, 2010–21  11
O.11 IDA-Eligible Countries’ Creditor
Composition of Long-Term Public
9 and Publicly Guaranteed External
Debt, 2010–21  12
O.12 Share of Public and Publicly
Guaranteed External Debt Stocks
of IDA-Eligible Countries Owed to
Bilateral Paris Club and Non–Paris
Club Creditors, 2010–21  12
O.13 IDA-Eligible Countries’
Disbursements, Debt Service
Payments, and Net Transfer as a
Share of GNI, 2010–21 13
4
O.14 Average Terms of Commitments
of External Public and Publicly
Guaranteed Debt to IDA-
Eligible Countries, by Creditor
Type, 2010–21 13
BO.4.1 Creditor Base Fragmentation in
Highly Indebted Poor Countries 14
6
BO.4.2 Debtor Base Fragmentation in
Highly Indebted Poor Countries 15
O.15 Commitments to Low- and Middle-
Income Countries from Multilateral
7
Institutions, 2010–21 16
O.16 Disbursements to Low- and Middle-
Income Countries by Multilateral
7
Institutions, 2019–21 16
O.17 Loan Commitments from
Official Creditors to IDA-Eligible
8
Countries, 2010–21 17
O.18 DSSI-Participating Countries’ Debt
Service Paid and Deferred, by
Creditor Groups, 2019–21 17
9
O.19 Percent of Countries That
Report Public and Publicly
Guaranteed and Private
10
Nonguaranteed Year-End
Transaction Data to the DRS,
2010–2120
O.20 Number of Indicators Published
in the International Debt Statistics
Database, Year-End Data, 2017–21 21
10
vii
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

BO.5.1 Ex Post Upward Revisions of TABLE

External Public and Publicly O.1 External Debt-to-GNI Ratios for Income
Guaranteed Loan Commitments 22 and Lending Categories, 2010 and
BO.5.2 Countries with the Largest 2019–21 5
Cumulative Upward Revisions since
International Debt Statistics 201823
A.1 External Debt and Its Components 171

viii
Foreword
T he external debt service payments on public
and publicly guaranteed debt by the world’s
poorest countries are expected to surge by 35 per-
cent from 2021 to over US$62 billion in 2022.
Debt service payments take away scarce fiscal
resources from health, education, social assis-
tance, and infrastructure investment. Payments
scheduled for 2023 and 2024 are likely to remain
elevated because of high interest rates, maturing
principal, and the compounding of interest on
Debt Service Suspension Initiative deferrals. The
increased liquidity pressures in poor countries go
hand in hand with solvency challenges, causing a
debt overhang that is unsustainable for dozens of
countries. Nearly 60 percent of countries subject
to the Joint World Bank–International Monetary
Fund Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-
Income Countries are at high risk of debt distress
or already experiencing it.
In 2021, the debt stock of low- and middle-
income countries rose by 5.6 percent to US$9 trillion,
of which International Development Association
(IDA) countries owe nearly US$1 trillion. Although
on average countries’ public and publicly guaranteed
external debt as a share of gross national income
returned to prepandemic levels, such was not the
case for IDA countries; in those countries, ratios of
debt to gross national income remained well above
their levels before the pandemic. With the 2022
growth outlook cut in half, interest rates much
higher, and many currencies depreciating, the burden
of debt is likely to increase further.
As debt has grown in recent years, its com-
position has also changed rapidly. Low- and
middle-income economies have become increas-
ingly indebted to private creditors, especially
bondholders. At the end of 2021, 61 percent of
the US$3.6 trillion in long-term public and pub-
licly guaranteed external debt stock was owed to
private creditors—up from 46 percent in 2010.
In IDA-eligible countries, the share owed to pri-
vate creditors rose from 5 percent in 2010 to 21
percent in 2021.
The composition of debt owed by IDA
countries to official bilateral creditors has also
changed significantly. The proportion owed to
Paris Club creditors fell to 32 percent at the end
of 2021 (US$64.2 billion), down from 58 percent
(US$48.9 billion) at the end of 2010. Meanwhile,
the amount owed to non–Paris Club creditors
(China, India, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates, and others) increased to 68 percent
(US$138.3 billion) in 2021 from 42 percent
(US$35.3 billion) in 2010. Among the non–Paris
Club creditors, China’s share of official bilateral
debt stock grew from 18 percent in 2010 to
49 percent in 2021. This growth is also reflected
in the increase of debt service flows to China,
estimated at US$17 billion in 2022 and account-
ing for 66 percent of official bilateral debt service.
Increases in the size of debt and debt pay-
ments underscore the need to create a more
effective debt reduction process for low- and
middle-income countries in debt distress. Given
the changes in debt composition, creating such
a process has become challenging and requires
cooperation from all major creditors. The
growth of debt also underscores the need for
greater debt transparency. The World Bank is
actively engaged in discussions at various inter-
national forums to design solutions for address-
ing unsustainable debt in developing countries.
For more than four decades, the World Bank
has been a leader in disseminating information
on the external debt of low- and middle-income
countries. Our database constitutes the most
comprehensive publicly available source of
cross-country comparable data on external debt
for those countries. Much remains to be done
on transparency, but we are making significant
ix
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
progress. Over the past five years, we have added
US$631 billion in previously unreported loan
commitments to the database. In the past three
years, we have released 569 new debt indicators,
constituting a significant increase in instrument
and creditor coverage as well as in specificity.
This year, we are rebranding our annual
International Debt Statistics publication with
a new name—International Debt Report. This
change reflects the report’s new and substantive
analyses on debt issues and improvements in its
coverage to close data gaps. The report offers
a crucial base of information for shaping debt-
related policies and programs.
x
Raising the bar on debt transparency means
supporting borrowers’ efforts to implement
reforms to build such systems. Greater transpar-
ency will improve incentives for the implementa-
tion of policies that strengthen debt and fiscal
sustainability and promote debt transparency.
We are also working with national debt offices
to enhance debt reporting and advocating for
further disclosure by debtors and creditors alike.
David Malpass
President, World Bank Group
Acknowledgments
T his volume was prepared by the Debt Statis-
tics Team of the Development Data Group
(DECDG) at the World Bank, led by Evis Rucaj and
comprising Parul Agarwal, Arturo Albarran-Cortes,
Ogma Dessirama Bale, Arzu Aytekin Balibek, Kifaye
Didem Bayar, Daniella Kathyuska Bolanos-Misas,
Wendy Ven-dee Huang, Chineze Olive Okafor,
Malvina Pollock, Rubena Sukaj, Tin Yu To, Rasiel
Vellos, and Bedri Zymeri. The overview was pre-
pared by the Debt Statistics Team with contributions
from Sebastian Andreas Horn, Clemens Graf von
Luckner, and David Mihalyi. The work was carried
out under the management of Nada Hamadeh and
the direction of Haishan Fu. The team was assisted
by Nancy Kebe.
Valuable guidance was provided by Indermit S.
Gill, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of
the World Bank Group, and Aart C. Kraay, Deputy
Chief Economist and Director of Development
Policy. Sebastian Andreas Horn, Rita Ramalho, and
Sergio Schmukler from the Development Economics
Vice Presidency; Ivailo V. Izvorski and Diego Rivetti
from the Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment
Global Practice; and Abha Prasad, Xubei Luo, and
Toru Nishiuchi from the Development Finance Vice
Presidency at the World Bank provided valuable
feedback on the overview section. The final statistics
were reviewed by country economists.
The cover was designed by Parul Agarwal
and Bill Pragluski. Jewel McFadden, Mark
McClure, and Orlando Mota coordinated the
publication and dissemination of this volume.
Elizabeth Price, Joseph Rebello, and Shane Kimo
Romig managed the communications surround-
ing the release.
The accompanying International Debt
Statistics electronic products were prepared with
support from a team led by Sebastian Ariel Dolber
and Anna Maria Kojzar and comprising Surya
Anandan, Rajesh Kumar Danda, Vijayakumar
Juttu Mohan, Ramgopal Erabelly Kunal
Patel, Meher Vikramadhitya Varma Penmetsa,
Gangadhar Simhani, Ivan Spiriev, and Ajith
Kumar Rajagopal Vijaya.
xi
Introduction
P ublic debt reached record levels during the
pandemic, in both advanced economies and
low- and middle-income countries. For the poor-
est and most fragile countries, high fiscal and debt
vulnerabilities undermined macroeconomic stabil-
ity. Today, 60 percent of the countries eligible for
the Debt Service Suspension Initiative are assessed
at high risk of debt distress or are already in debt
distress. Escalation of geopolitical tensions from
the Russia-Ukraine war could lead to even tighter
global financial conditions, higher inflation, lower
growth, and higher stress on public finances and,
consequently, have adverse implications for low-
and middle-income countries’ debt dynamics.1
Rising debt vulnerabilities underscore the
urgency of enhanced debt transparency and more
complete debt information to strengthen countries’
ability to manage debt risks and use resources effi-
ciently for sustainable development. Complete and
transparent debt data are the cornerstone of good
debt management and accurate debt sustainability
analyses. They are also critical to facilitating an
appropriate and more efficient response to debt
restructuring needs through initiatives such as the
Group of Twenty Common Framework to help the
most vulnerable countries return quickly to stabil-
ity and economic growth.
The World Bank has been collecting exter-
nal debt data from its client countries through
the World Bank Debtor Reporting System since
the 1950s. The World Bank International Debt
Statistics (IDS) database2 is the most comprehen-
sive source of cross-country comparable informa-
tion on the external debt liabilities of low- and
middle-income countries. The World Bank is sup-
porting governments and working with develop-
ment partners to strengthen debt recording and
reporting, raising the bar on debt transparency.
Central to this agenda is its commitment to contin-
uously improve the coverage, accuracy, timeliness,
and transparency of the external debt statistics it
compiles and disseminates in the IDS database.
Along with the release of the newly updated
online IDS database based on the latest round of
Debtor Reporting System reporting of the 2021
external debt for low- and middle-income coun-
tries, Part I of International Debt Report 2022 dis-
cusses the following key messages from the newly
available 2021 data, and Part II presents aggregate
and country tables.
• In 2021, total external debt increased 5.6 per-
cent in nominal terms to US$9 trillion at year
end. External debt as a share of gross national
income (GNI) declined 3 percentage points
in 2021 to 26 percent for low- and middle-
income countries. This largely reversed the
sharp pandemic-induced increase during
2020, with the debt-to-GNI ratio returning
to 2019 levels. This decline was driven by a
resumption of GNI growth in 2021 rather
than a reduction in debt. Debt-to-GNI ratios
remain high for many low- and middle-
income countries following a decade of rapid
debt accumulation since 2010. This is particu-
larly so for countries eligible for International
Development Association (IDA) assistance;
in these countries, the ratio of external debt
to GNI rose from an average of 20 percent in
2010 to 36.2 percent in 2021.
• Short-term debt accounted for half of the
increase in the total net external debt inflows
for low- and middle-income countries in
2021, even though it accounts for only
27 percent of the overall external debt stock.
Short-term debt inflows are volatile and to a
xiii
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
large extent reflect fluctuations in the demand
for trade credit as import volumes change.
Trade credits and advances and short-term
commercial bank deposits used to facilitate
imports are estimated at about 60 percent
(US$1.4 trillion) of short-term debt, and the
rebound in international trade in 2021 drove
much of the increase in short-term debt dur-
ing the year.
• Private creditors account for an increasing
share of low- and middle-income countries’
external debt. At year-end 2021, 61 percent
of the public and publicly guaranteed debt of
low- and middle-income countries was owed
to private creditors, up from 46 percent in
2010. For IDA-eligible countries, the private
creditor share increased fourfold from 5 per-
cent in 2010 to 21 percent in 2021. While
creditor diversification has brought benefits
to borrowing countries with maturing sover-
eign debt markets, greater reliance on private
creditors has also been associated with higher
debt servicing costs. Because of an increase in
both the level and cost of borrowing, debt ser-
vice as a share of GNI for IDA-eligible coun-
tries has increased from 1 percent in 2010 to
3 percent in 2021, a level not seen since 1997
and before the implementation of the Heav-
ily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative. Greater
reliance on a larger number of creditors also
risks complicating creditor coordination in
debt relief efforts.
• Multilateral creditors provided extraordi-
nary levels of assistance to help mitigate the
xiv
economic and social costs of the COVID-19
pandemic and support the recovery. In 2021,
loan disbursements to low- and middle-
income countries from multilateral creditors
remained slightly above prepandemic levels
in 2021, at US$108 billion, including US$12
billion from the International Monetary Fund
and US$40 billion from the World Bank.
During 2020 and 2021, the World Bank also
provided US$11 billion in grants to IDA-
eligible countries. Related to COVID-19,
disbursements rose from US$104 billion in
2019 to US$157 billion in 2020, including
US$50 billion from the International Mon-
etary Fund and US$41 billion from the World
Bank.
• Bilateral official creditors deferred US$8.9
billion in debt service payments owed in 2020
and 2021 by a group of 48 countries who par-
ticipated in the DSSI. During this period, these
countries also paid US$99 billion in total debt
service, representing 4 percent of their com-
bined average GNI in 2020 and 2021. This
included US$71 billion to service public and
publicly guaranteed debt, of which US$16.1
billion represented debt service payments to
bilateral official creditors.
Notes
1. Development Committee. 2022. “Making Debt Work
for Development and Macroeconomic Stability.” Press
Release DC2022-0003, April 1, 2022.
2. The IDS database is available at https://databank​
.­worldbank.org/source/international​-debt-statistics.
PART I
Overview

1
1
Overview
Trends in External Debt, 2010–21
In 2021, total external debt increased 5.6 percent
in nominal terms to US$9 trillion at year end.
External debt as a share of gross national income
(GNI) declined 3 percentage points in 2021 to
26 ­percent for low- and middle-income countries.
This largely reversed the sharp pandemic-induced
increase during 2020, with the debt-to-GNI ratio
returning to 2019 levels. This decline was driven
Box O.1  External Debt Data: Concepts, Sources, and Coverage
This report presents data and analysis on external
debt for 121 low- and middle-income countries.
The primary source for these data is reports
to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System
(DRS) from member countries that have received
either International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development loans or International Development
Association credits and have outstanding obliga-
tions to the World Bank. The DRS, instituted in
1951, has its origins in the World Bank’s need to
monitor and assess the financial position of its
borrowers.
Comprehensive information on data sources
and the methodology used to compile the statistics
presented in this report are given in the appendix
under Data Sources and Methodology. The
following describes the key concepts and data
sources.
The total external debt of a country is the
sum of public and publicly guaranteed debt,
private nonguaranteed debt, and short-term debt.
• Public and publicly guaranteed external debt
comprises long-term external obligations
(maturities of over one year) of all public
debtors, including the central government
and state-owned enterprises. Data are col-
lected on a loan-by-loan basis through the
DRS. Reporting countries submit quarterly
reports on new loan commitments and
by a resumption of GNI growth in 2021 rather
than a reduction in debt. Debt-to-GNI ratios
remain high for many low- and middle-income
countries following a decade of rapid debt accu-
mulation since 2010. This is particularly true for
countries eligible for International Development
Association assistance, where the ratio of external
debt to GNI rose from an average of 20 percent in
2010 to 36.2 percent in 2021.
annual reports on loan status and transac-
tions (new commitments, gross disburse-
ments, principal, and interest payments).
• Private nonguaranteed debt comprises long-
term external obligations of private debtors
that are not guaranteed by a public entity.
The DRS covers private nonguaranteed
debt since 1973; however, for this category of
debt data, the annual status and transactions
(gross disbursements, principal, and interest
payments) are reported in aggregate.
• Short-term debt is defined as debt with an
original maturity of one year or less and is
not covered under DRS reporting require-
ments. However, most DRS reporters provide
an annual report on outstanding short-term
debt stocks on a voluntary basis. For coun-
tries that do not provide these data, informa-
tion on their short-term debt is drawn from
the Quarterly External Debt Statistics data-
base, a joint World Bank–International Mon-
etary Fund initiative where data are compiled
and reported by the countries’ central banks,
along with data compiled by the Bank for
International Settlements.
All debt data reported to the DRS are
validated against—and, when appropriate,
supplemented by—data from other sources.
These include the Balance of Payments and
3
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Box O.1  External Debt Data: Concepts, Sources, and Coverage (continued)

International Investment position statistics, Figure BO.1.1  Net Equity Inflows and External
Quarterly External Debt Statistics, information Debt Flows to Low- and Middle-Income
published on official government websites, Countries, 2010–21
reports from the International Monetary Fund, US$ (billion)
regional development banks, the Organisation for 1,500
Economic Co-operation and Development, the
1,000
Bank for International Settlements, and websites
and annual publications of lending agencies. 500
Other forms of capital flows: External debt
stocks and flows as presented in International 0

Debt Report 2022 constitute only about half of

–500
overall capital inflows to low- and middle-income

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
countries, which also include significant equity

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

inflows such as foreign direct investment (FDI)
and portfolio equity. Between 2010 and 2021,
equity inflows to the 121 low- and middle-income
countries included in this report totaled US$6.9
trillion, equivalent to 54 percent of aggregate net
inflows (debt and equity combined). FDI equity
investmentsa accounted for 90 percent of equity
inflows over this period. Only a small number of
low- and middle-income countries benefit from
portfolio equity inflows to any significant degree.
Net equity inflows rose 31 percent in 2021 to
US$687 billion from the previous year, the highest
level since 2010 and equivalent to 55 percent of
the aggregate financial inflows (figure BO.1.1).
The debt and equity inflows presented in this
report are “net” flows in that they take account
of principal payments on external loans and
20
Foreign direct investment Portfolio investment
equity flows equity flows
Private nonguaranteed debt flows Public and publicly
guaranteed debt flows
Short-term debt flows
Sources: International Monetary Fund and United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development.
repatriation of earnings on FDI and disinvestment.
However, they do not take account of the
outflows from low- and middle-income countries
in the form of lending and investment abroad,
which for some low- and middle-income countries
like China, India, the Russian Federation, and
Türkiye are substantial.
a. FDI equity investments exclude the loan component, which is
captured in private nonguaranteed debt data as intercompany
lending.

In 2021, the easing of the COVID-19 pan-
demic and rebound in global economy activity led
to a widespread decline in ratios of external debt
to GNI in low- and middle-income countries (see
box O.1). For low- and middle-income countries
combined, the debt-to-GNI ratio fell by 3 percent-
age points to 26 percent in 2021. This ratio was on
a par with the 2019 prepandemic ratio and down
from 29 percent in 2020 when external debt as a
share of GNI peaked at its highest level since 2010.
The decline in 2021 was the outcome of an increase
in the US dollar value of low- and middle-income
countries’ combined GNI, which rose 17.4 percent
in 2021, to US$35.1 trillion from US$29.9 trillion
in 2020, compared with a 5.6 percent increase in
external debt. This figure includes China, which
accounts for about half of low- and middle-income
countries’ combined GNI and 29 percent of exter-
nal debt. However, even for low- and middle-
income countries excluding China, the pattern was
the same: the ratio of external debt to GNI rose,
on average, 5 percentage points of GNI in 2020,
to 41 percent, and fell by a corresponding amount
in 2021, returning to its prepandemic level of 36
percent. In countries eligible for International
Development Association (IDA) assistance, the
pattern was different. Although external debt rela-
tive to GNI declined marginally in 2021, to 36.2
percent, it remained 3.4 percentage points of GNI
higher than the prepandemic level of 32.8 percent
in 2019 (see table O.1 and box O.2).
The changes in debt in 2020 and 2021 follow
a decade of steady debt accumulation over 2010–19
in many low- and middle-income countries.

4

Table O.1  External Debt-to-GNI Ratios for Income
and Lending Categories, 2010 and 2019–21
Percent
Year
Country groups 2010 2019 2020 2021
Low- and middle-income 21.4 26.3 28.5
  Excluding China 25.6 36.1 40.5
Income classification:      
 Low-income 17.1 48.5 52.5
 Middle-income 21.6 26.0 28.2
Lending classification:      
 IDA-eligible (IDA only and blend) 20.0 32.8 36.8
 IBRD 21.6 25.8 27.8
Sources: World Bank International Debt Statistics and World
Development Indicators databases.
Note: See box O.2 for more information on World Bank income
and lending classifications. GNI = gross national income;
IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;
IDA = International Development Association.
Box O.2  World Bank Income and Lending Classifications Used in the International Debt Report 2022
The World Bank classifies economies by income
level for analytical purposes (to broadly group
countries by level of development) and opera-
tional purposes (to determine their Financial
Terms and Conditions of Bank Financing).
This report presents data for 121 low-
and middle-income countries reporting to the
World Bank Debtor Reporting System. Of these,
26 countries are classified as low-income countries
with a per capita income of US$1,085 or below
and 95 countries are classified as middle-income
countries with a per capita income greater than
US$1,085 and less than US$13,205.a The income
classifications are updated annually at the start of
the World Bank fiscal year (July 1) on the basis of
gross national income per capita for the previous
year. Gross national income is expressed in US
dollars determined by conversion factors derived
according to the Atlas methodology.b
Fifty-two of the 121 countries covered by
this report and classified as middle-income are
eligible only for nonconcessional loans from
the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD). They are referred to as
IBRD countries. The remaining 26 low- and 43
middle-income countries reporting to the Debtor
Reporting System are either (a) eligible only
for concessional lending from the International
Development Association (IDA) and referred to
as IDA-only countries; or (b) eligible for a mix of
IBRD and IDA lending and referred to as “blend”
countries. Together, IDA-only and blend countries
are referred to as IDA-eligible countries.
O v e r v i e w
The most significant rise took place in IDA-eligible
countries and particularly in low-income countries.
On average, external debt as a share of GNI for
IDA-eligible countries rose from 20 percent in 2010
to 36.2 percent in 2021. For low-income countries,
24 of which benefited from the Heavily Indebted
25.7
Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative and Multilateral
36.3
  Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), the increase was
48.5 even more pronounced. For these countries, exter-
25.4 nal debt as a share of GNI rose from an average of
  17.1 percent in 2010 to 48.5 percent in 2021. In
36.2 contrast, for middle-income countries the increase
24.9
in external debt relative to GNI was moderate over
the past decade, rising from 21.6 percent in 2010
to 25.4 percent in 2021 (table O.1 and figure O.1).
The evolution of external debt-to-GNI ratios
over the past decade varied widely at the individual
Figure BO.2.1  Number of Low- and Middle-Income
Countries Covered in the International Debt Report
2022, by FY2023 Income and Lending Groups
Number
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
IDA-only countries Blend countries IBRD countries
Low-income Middle-income
Sources: World Bank Country and Lending Groups at
https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/
articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups and
World Bank International Development Association (IDA) at
https://ida.worldbank.org/en/home. FY = fiscal year; IBRD =
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Figure BO.2.1 shows the distribution of the
121 low- and middle-income countries included
in the International Debt Report 2022 by income
and lending groups. A comprehensive list of
each country’s income and lending classifications
is given in the appendix of this report under
Country Groups.
a. The country grouping is held fixed when data are compared
over time in the International Debt Report. For example, the
aggregate for low-income countries from 2010 to 2021 consists
of the same group of countries that are classified as low-income
countries according to the latest World Bank income classification.
b. More information on the Atlas methodology can be
found at https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase​
/­articles/378832-what-is-the-world-bank-atlas-method.
5
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Figure O.1  External Debt-to-GNI Ratios for Figure O.2  External Debt-to-GNI Ratios, by Country
Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21 and Region, 2010 and 2021
Percent
60 410
Mozambique
390
50
Lebanon
370
40
270
Mongolia
30 250

2021 debt-to-GNI ratio

180 Montenegro
20
160
10
140 Jamaica
Zambia
0 120
100
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
80 Belize
Low-income countries 60 Guinea-Bissau
Bulgaria
Middle-income countries 40
IDA-eligible countries
20

Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database. 0

Note: External debt stocks excludes the International Monetary 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Fund’s special drawing rights (SDRs) allocation. GNI = gross 2010 debt-to-GNI ratio
national income; IDA = International Development Association.
East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa
country level. By 2021, 13 low- and middle-income South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa

countries had a debt-to-GNI ratio above 100 per-
cent in 2021, including some that benefited from
the HIPC and MDRI. Reasons for these elevated
external debt-to-GNI ratios varied. Zambia’s debt
vulnerabilities are well documented and stem from
expansionary and procyclical fiscal policies, a
rapid increase in nonconcessional external borrow-
ing, and a large-scale public investment program
that did not yield a growth dividend. In Georgia
and Montenegro, the elevated ratio is the result of
increased borrowing by public and private entities
for large-scale infrastructure projects. Jamaica’s
debt-to-GNI ratios have been elevated over the past
decade as a result of low growth and vulnerability
to natural disasters. Recent fiscal consolidation
measures were derailed by the pandemic, which led
to a sharp contraction in tourism, and the external
debt-to-GNI ratio rose to 127 percent in 2021 from
a prepandemic level of 111 percent. Côte d’Ivoire’s
external debt-to-GNI ratio has climbed moder-
ately from 35 percent in 2012 following agreement
on the HIPC completion point and MDRI to 42
percent in 2021, reflecting an increase in investment
in infrastructure and social spending supported by
external financing from official creditors. Belize has
confronted the challenges of the vulnerabilities of a
small island economy, including the elevated risk of
natural disasters and managing a currency pegged
to the US dollar, but a concerted fiscal consolida-
tion reduced the external debt-to-GNI ratio from
102 percent in 2010 to 76 percent in 2019. Belize
Sources: World Bank International Debt Statistics and World
Development Indicators databases.
Note: Countries above the dashed 45-degree line correspond to
increases in external debt-to-GNI ratios from 2010 to 2021 whereas
countries below the 45-degree line correspond to decreases in external
debt-to-GNI ratios from 2010 to 2021. Note the break in the vertical
axis to retain data on outliers. GNI = gross national income.
was hard hit by the pandemic, and the debt-to-GNI
ratio rose to 98 percent in 2020. The resumption of
growth in 2021, which led to an increase in GNI,
coupled with external debt restructuring, includ-
ing a debt swap for marine protection, reduced the
debt-to-GNI ratio to 81 percent in 2021. Countries
with the highest debt-to-GNI ratio in 2021 included
Mozambique (396 percent), where the ratio is driven
up be a large share of private nonguaranteed debt in
total external debt stocks to finance mega infrastruc-
ture projects; Lebanon (375 percent), which is going
through a severe macroeconomic and financial crisis;
and Mongolia (259 percent), resulting largely from
massive mining investment financed with debt rather
than equity, loose fiscal and monetary policies, and
sharp exchange rate depreciation (figure O.2).
Rising debt vulnerabilities in low- and middle-
income countries are also underscored by the num-
ber of countries that have recorded a significant
increase in the ratio of external debt-to-GNI over
the past decade. In 2010, 54 of 121 (or 45 percent)
low- and middle-income countries had an external
debt-to-GNI ratio below 30 percent, and in 71
percent of low- and middle-income countries it
was at or below 60 percent. By 2021, the number

6
 O v e r v i e w

of low- and middle-income countries with a debt-
to-GNI ratio below 30 percent had fallen to 22 (or
18 percent), and the ratio was at or below 60 percent
in 61 percent of the low- and middle-income coun-
tries. Over the same period, the number of low- and
middle-income countries with a debt-to-GNI ratio
that exceeded 100 percent rose from 7 to 13, includ-
ing 4 countries that benefited from HIPC and MDRI:
Mozambique, Nicaragua, Senegal, and Zambia.
Following a slowdown in 2020, the pace of
external debt accumulation in low- and middle-
income countries accelerated in 2021. The
external debt stocks of low- and middle-income
countries rose on average 5.6 percent in nominal
terms in 2021 to a year-end total of US$9 trillion,
up from US$8.5 trillion in 2020 (figure O.3). The
US$482 billion increase in gross external debt
stocks in 2021 resulted from (a) net debt inflows
(new disbursements minus principal payments)
of US$559 billion, of which half were short-term
debt inflows, predominantly trade credits; (b)
downward adjustment of US$60 billion in the US
dollar value of external debt denominated and
payable in currencies other than the US dollar,
reflecting the appreciation of the US dollar against
most major currencies in 2021; and (c) outflow of
US$17 billion related to other factors including
the sale of nonresident holdings of domestically
issued debt to residents and debt forgiveness.1
The increase in gross nominal external debt in
2021 outpaced the 4.6 percent rise in comparable
external debt stocks in 2020. Measures to mitigate
the economic and social impact of the COVID-19
pandemic raised financing needs in low- and middle-
income countries in 2020, met in part by emergency
support from external creditors. At the same time,
the pandemic-induced global lockdown and trade
restrictions led to a slowdown in economic activity,
reflected in a fall in new external loan commitments
and inflows (disbursements) for infrastructure proj-
ects. As a result, the pace at which gross external
debt stocks grew slowed to 4.6 percent in 2020
compared to 4.9 percent in 2019 before COVID-19.
The rebound in global economic activity in 2021
pushed the increase in gross external debt stocks up
to 5.6 percent, but that growth was still much slower
than the average annual increase of 7.9 percent
recorded from 2010 to 2019.
The pace of external debt stock accumula-
tion by individual countries and country groups
has been uneven. Countries recording the fast-
est increase in gross external debt, in nominal
terms over the past decade, were China, where it
increased by 262 percent between 2010 and 2021,
and IDA-eligible countries, where the increase
was 182 percent over this period. In 2020, China’s
gross external debt stocks rose 10.1 percent and
accelerated to 14.5 percent in 2021. IDA-eligible
countries’ gross external debt stocks rose 12.1
percent in 2020, faster than all other low- and
middle-income countries, and it rose a further
7.4 percent in 2021 (figure O.4).

Figure O.3  External Debt Stocks of Low- and Figure O.4  Percent Change in External Debt Stocks
Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21 of Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21
US$ (billion) Percent
10,000 25
9,000
8,000 20

7,000
15
6,000
5,000 10
4,000
3,000 5
2,000
0
1,000
tri e-

tri e-
na

es
un dl

un dl

0
es

es
tri
co mid

co mid
hi
C

un

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
m nd

m nd
co
co - a

co - a
le
e

e
ib
w

Low- and middle-income countries

ig
Lo

lo
el

er
in

in
A-

China
th
ID

IDA-eligible countries
Average 2010 to 2019 2020 2021
Other low- and middle-income countries
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database. Note: IDA = International Development Association.
Note: IDA = International Development Association.

7
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

The external debt stocks of low- and middle-
income countries are highly concentrated. Eleven
countries accounted for 72 percent of the com-
bined year-end 2021 gross external debt stocks.
The most significant change in the concentration
of low- and middle-income countries’ external
debt stocks over the past decade has been the
steady increase in China’s share of the total, which
rose from 17 percent in 2010 to 29 percent in
2021. There was a corresponding fall in the share
of the next 10 largest borrowers,2 from 53 ­percent
at the start of the decade to 43 percent in 2021.
The remaining 110 low- and middle-income
countries’ share accounted for 28 percent in 2021,
largely unchanged from the start of the decade
(figure O.5).
In August 2021, the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) made by far the largest allocation of
special drawing rights (SDRs) to date, US$650
billion to help countries address the economic
crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic. From
this amount, US$199 billion was allocated to the
121 low- and middle-income countries included in
International Debt Report 2022. SDR allocations
are recorded as an increase in reserves. However,
because SDRs do not represent a change in the
net wealth of the receiving country, following
Figure O.5  Share of External Debt Stocks of
Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21
Percent
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 Short-term debt stocks are highly concen-
10
the statistical guidelines of the IMF (2009), they
are also recorded as a long-term debt liability
(box O.3). SDR allocations are separately identi-
fied and included in the tables for total external
debt stocks for individual countries and country
groups presented in International Debt Report
2022 and the International Debt Statistics data-
base. The analysis in this overview, however,
excludes SDR allocations from external debt
stocks because they do not contribute to the net
indebtedness of countries.
The Evolving Maturity Composition
of External Debt, 2010–21
Short-term debt accounted for half of the increase
in total net external debt inflows for low- and
middle-income countries in 2021, but only
27 percent of the overall external debt stock.
Short-term debt inflows are volatile and to a large
extent reflect fluctuations in the demand for trade
credit as import volumes change. Trade credits
and advances and short-term commercial bank
deposits used to facilitate imports are estimated at
about 60 percent (US$1.4 trillion) of short-term
debt, and the rebound in international trade in
2021 drove much of the increase in short-term
debt during the year.
The share of short-term debt in the total
external debt stocks of low- and middle-income
countries was US$2.4 trillion or 27 percent at
year-end 2021, comparable to its share in 2010
(figure O.6). Over the period, short-term debt
as a share of total external debt has remained
stable, oscillating within a narrow band from
a peak of 31 percent in 2014 to a low of 24
percent in 2016. As a share of low- and middle-
income countries’ combined GNI, short-term
debt rose from 5.8 percent in 2010 to 6.9 per-
cent in 2021.
trated and dominated by the low- and middle-

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

income countries’ largest economies. Moreover,

Top 10 countries, excluding China
China
Other low- and middle-income countries
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Note: The 10 largest borrowers are based on total external debt
stock at year-end 2021. The 10 largest borrowers excluding
China are Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Mexico,
the Russian Federation, South Africa, Thailand, and Türkiye.
compared to the maturity composition of other
low- and middle-income countries, China is an
outlier. It accounted for 59 percent of low- and
middle-income countries’ total short-term debt
stocks at year-end 2021, compared to 28 percent
for the next 10 largest borrowers combined and

8

Box O.3  Allocation of the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights in 2021
In August 2021, the International Monetary Fund
made a general allocation of special drawing
rights (SDRs) equivalent to US$650 billion. The
newly created SDRs were credited to International
Monetary Fund members in proportion to their
existing quotas in the Fund. The main purpose of
the allocation was to help with the economic crisis
created by the COVID-19 pandemic and to meet
the long-term global need to supplement members’
existing reserve assets in a manner that avoided
economic stagnation and deflation as well as
excess demand and inflation (IMF 2021a).
Allocations of SDRs do not change a
country’s net wealth, but they create an increase
in long-term debt liabilities and a corresponding
increase in gross international reserves (holdings
of SDRs). Both transactions are reflected in
balance of payments statistics and international
investment positions (IMF 2009). In government
finance statistics, SDR allocations are recorded
as a long-term debt liability within public sector
gross debt, with a corresponding entry for SDR
holdings as a part of the public sector’s financial
Figure BO.3.1  SDR Allocations as a Share of General Government External Debt and International
Reserves, by Region, 2021
Percent
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
East Asia and Europe and
Pacific Central Asia
SDR / General government external debt stock
Sources: World Bank International Debt Statistics and International Monetary Fund International Financial Statistics databases.
Note: SDR = special drawing right.
13 percent for all other low- and middle-income
countries (figure O.7).
Trade-related debt in the form of trade
credits and advances and other short-term com-
mercial bank deposits used to facilitate imports
are estimated at about 60 percent (US$1.4 tril-
lion) of short-term debt. Over the past decade,
O v e r v i e w
assets (IMF 2014). Following these guidelines,
SDR allocations are recorded in the International
Debt Statistics database as part of long-term gross
external public debt and are separately identified.
SDR liabilities are not subject to debt limits
in International Monetary Fund programs
because they do not fall within the definition of
“debt” for program purposes under the Fund’s
Guidelines on Public Debt Conditionality in Fund
Arrangements. SDR allocations are generally
considered to have limited impact on debt
sustainability, but new guidance issued in August
2021 on incorporating SDR allocations into debt
sustainability analyses aims to better reflect the
impact of how SDRs are used (IMF 2021b).
Total outstanding SDR allocations of the
121 low- and middle-income countries included
in International Debt Report 2022 were US$273
billion at year-end 2021, equivalent on average to
11 percent of general government external debt
stocks and 4 percent of international reserves,
but with sharp divergence at the regional level
(figure BO.3.1).
Latin America Middle East and South Asia Sub-Saharan
and the Caribbean North Africa Africa
SDR / International reserves
low- and middle-income countries’ short-term
debt stocks have averaged 25 percent of their
annual imports. Reporting of short-term debt is
not a Debtor Reporting System (DRS) require-
ment and, although most reporting countries
provide information on short-term debt stocks
­
on a voluntary basis, the data are aggregates with
9
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Figure O.6  Long-Term and Short-Term Debt Stocks Figure O.8  Change in Low- and Middle-Income
of Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21 Countries’ Short-Term Debt Stocks and Trade-
US$ (trillion) Related Debt, 2010–21
10 US$ (billion)
9 400
8
300
7
6 200
5 100
4 0
3 –100
2
–200
1
–300
0
–400
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
–500
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
–600
Long-term Short-term

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Short-term debt Short-term, trade-related debt

Sources: World Bank International Debt Statistics and World Bank/

Figure O.7  Share of Short-Term Debt Stocks of International Monetary Fund Quarterly External Debt Statistics
Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21 databases.
Percent
100 Figure O.9  Net Debt Inflows by Maturity in
90 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010–21
80
US$ (billion)
70
1,000
60
50 800
40 600
30
400
20
10 200
0 0
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

–200
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

China –400
Top 10 countries, excluding China –600
Other low- and middle-income countries
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Note: The 10 largest borrowers are based on total external debt Long-term Short-term
stock at year-end 2021. The 10 largest borrowers, excluding
China, are Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
the Russian Federation, South Africa, Thailand, and Türkiye.

no granularity. However, drawing on the data
reported to the Quarterly External Debt Statistics
database,3 about 60 percent of the change in
short-term debt stocks to low- and middle-
income countries is driven by trade-related debt.
These short-term debt stocks fluctuate with the
change in the countries’ short-term trade-related
debt (figure O.8).
In contrast to the relative stability of net
inflows of long-term debt stocks, net inflows of
short-term debt are highly volatile. On an annual
basis, short-term debt inflows as a share of total
debt inflows of low- and middle-income countries
fluctuated widely from as high as 60 percent in
2010 to 3 percent in 2020. In some years, such
as 2015, they turned sharply negative in response
to downturns in the global economy and sharp
contraction in low- and middle-income countries’
imports. In 2020, COVID-19-related restrictions
on global trade reduced low- and middle-income
countries’ imports by 11 percent, and short-term
debt inflows fell by two-thirds to US$11.3 billion.
In 2021, in response to the easing of the pandemic
and resumption of growth and trade, low- and
middle-income countries’ imports rose 29 percent,
and short-term debt inflows surged to US$278
billion, equivalent to half of net external debt
­
inflows in 2021 (figure O.9).

10
 O v e r v i e w

Changes in the Creditor Composition Figure O.10  IDA-Eligible Countries’ Long-Term

External Debt Owed to Private Creditors, 2010–21
of External Debt, 2010–21 US$ (billion)
400
Private creditors account for an increasing share 350
of lending to low- and middle-income countries. 300
At year-end 2021, 61 percent of the public and 250
publicly guaranteed debt of low- and middle- 200
income countries was owed to private creditors, 150
up from 46 percent in 2010. The same is true 100
among IDA-eligible countries, where the private 50
creditor share increased from 5 percent in 2010 to 0
21 percent in 2021. Although creditor diversifica-

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

tion has brought benefits to borrowing countries
with maturing sovereign debt markets, greater reli-
ance on private creditors has also been associated
with higher debt servicing costs and risks compli-
cating creditor coordination in debt relief efforts.
The rising share of external debt owed to
private creditors has been a key feature of the
evolution of low- and middle-income countries’
long-term public and publicly guaranteed exter-
nal debt stocks over the past decade. By year-end
2021, 61 percent of the US$3.6 trillion gross long-
term public and publicly guaranteed external debt
stocks was owed to private creditors rather than
official creditors, compared to 46 percent in 2010.
The share of debt owed to bondholders has risen
from 29 percent to 47 percent. Over the same
period, private sector entities’ nonguaranteed
obligations to private creditors increased from
US$1.4 trillion in 2010 to US$3.0 trillion in 2021,
although their share of total long-term external
debt has fallen back from a peak of 51 percent in
2016 to 45 percent in 2021. In IDA-eligible coun-
tries, obligations to private creditors account for
a smaller share of long-term public and publicly
guaranteed debt, but they too have risen sharply
over the past decade, from US$13 billion in 2010,
equivalent to 5 percent, to US$133 ­ billion, or
21 percent at year-end 2021 (figure O.10). In
addition, nonguaranteed external borrowing by
private sector entities from private creditors has
risen fourfold over this period, from US$50 b ­ illion
in 2010 to US$201 billion in 2021. Although
not guaranteed by the state, private entities’ debt
contracted in foreign currency ultimately repre-
sents a claim on a country’s international reserves,
especially when private entities cannot hedge their
foreign currency liabilities against foreign c­ urrency
assets. Even when such debt is denominated in
20
Public and publicly guaranteed debt Private nonguaranteed debt
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Note: IDA = International Development Association.
local currency but held by external creditors, it
presents the risk of a sudden reversal in external
credit flows that have the potential to undermine
debt sustainability.
An important factor in the increased share of
public and publicly guaranteed external debt owed
to private creditors in IDA-eligible countries is the
increase in financing raised from bondholders.
Since Ghana issued its first sovereign Eurobond
in 2007, about 30 IDA-eligible countries have
issued bonds in international capital markets.
Obligations to bondholders have risen from
US$2.7 billion, equivalent to just 1 percent of
gross long-term public and publicly guaranteed
debt in 2010, to US$76.2 billion or 12 percent in
2021 (figure O.11). Over this period, obligations
to other private creditors, primarily commercial
banks, also rose from US$10.2 billion or 4 percent
in 2010, to US$56.5 billion or 9 percent in 2021.
The increase in the share of debt owed to private
creditors was accompanied by a decline in the
share of debt owed to multilateral creditors from
59 percent of gross external debt stocks at year-
end 2010 to 47 percent at year-end 2021. Bond
issuance has opened an important alternate financ-
ing source, and the rigorous information require-
ments of market participation and maintenance
of credit ratings has also led to improvements in
institutional arrangements for debt management
and greater debt transparency. Some debut bond
issues have already been repaid, and others refi-
nanced with lower cost issues; these issues build
track records for debt servicing and active debt
management.

11
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Figure O.11  IDA-Eligible Countries’ Creditor Figure O.12  Share of Public and Publicly
Composition of Long-Term Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Stocks of IDA-Eligible
Guaranteed External Debt, 2010–21 Countries Owed to Bilateral Paris Club and
US$ (billion) Non–Paris Club Creditors, 2010–21
700 Percent
600 100
90
500
80
400 70
60
300 50
200 40
30
100 20
0 10
0
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
Bilateral creditors
Paris Club Non–Paris Club
Multilateral creditors (incl. IMF, excl. SDR allocations)
Bondholders
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Other private creditors Note: IDA = International Development Association.

Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.

Note: IDA = International Development Association; IMF =
International Monetary Fund; SDR = special drawing right.
The increase in borrowing from private
creditors has been accompanied by a shift in the
composition of bilateral official creditors. Over
the past decade, bilateral official creditors’ share
of gross external public and publicly guaranteed
debt stocks was broadly stable, falling only mod-
erately from 36 percent in 2010 to 32 percent in
2021. However, over this period the composition
of bilateral creditors changed. There has been
a marked shift away from Paris Club bilateral
creditors toward bilateral lending from China
and other nontraditional sources, including other
middle-income countries like India, the Russian
Federation, and Türkiye. Thus, there is now a
greater reliance on financial cooperation between
low- and middle-income countries, in addition
to financing from private creditors. This carries
its own risks, for example in the form of a rise in
the use of loan collaterals for commodity-linked
infrastructure loans, particularly in the extractive
industries, and potentially higher interest costs and
other charges. IDA-eligible countries’ obligations
to non–Paris Club creditors as a share of total
obligations to bilateral creditors rose from 42 per-
cent in 2010 to 68 percent in 2021 (figure O.12).
Inflows of long-term debt from external credi-
tors to IDA-eligible countries have risen sharply
throughout the past decade and particularly in
2020 and 2021. Gross inflows (disbursements) of
external financing to IDA-eligible countries main-
tained an upward trajectory throughout the past
decade, except in 2015 and 2016. New inflows (dis-
bursements) of long-term debt from external credi-
tors were particularly pronounced over the past
five years, notably in 2020 and 2021, when gross
inflows rose 15 percent from the 2019 prepandemic
level of US$101 billion to an average of US$119
billion annually in 2020 and 2021. Disbursements
of long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt
rose 20 percent from the prepandemic level to an
average of US$84 billion over the same period.
These record high inflows reflected in large part the
exceptional support from the World Bank and IMF
to assist IDA-eligible countries in mitigating the
economic and social costs of the pandemic.
Increasing long-term debt inflows have led
to a rise in debt servicing costs. Gross inflows of
long-term external debt reached US$122 billion in
2021, equivalent to 5 percent of GNI, compared
with 2 percent of GNI in 2010. Debt service pay-
ments on long-term external debt rose to US$78
billion in 2021, equivalent to 18 percent of exports
of goods and services and 3 percent of GNI, com-
pared to 5 percent and 1 percent respectively in
2010. This was the highest level recorded since
1997, and before the implementation of the HIPC
Initiative and MDRI. Between 2010 and 2021,
interest payments as a share of GNI rose from 0.23
percent to 0.72 percent, reflecting the increased
share of borrowing from private creditors at higher
interest costs. Debt service payments in 2021
accounted for 64 percent of gross inflows, which
reduced the net transfer (disbursements minus
total debt service payments) to 1.7 percent of GNI
(figure O.13). Regarding long-term external public

12
 O v e r v i e w

Figure O.13  IDA-Eligible Countries’ Disbursements, Figure O.14  Average Terms of Commitments of
Debt Service Payments, and Net Transfer as a External Public and Publicly Guaranteed Debt to
Share of GNI, 2010–21 IDA-Eligible Countries, by Creditor Type, 2010–21
Percent 30 6
6
25 5
5
20 4
4

Percent
Years
3 15 3
2
10 2
1
0 5 1

–1 0 0
Official Private Official Private Official Private
–2
Grace period Maturity Interest (%)
–3 (years) (years)
–4
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Note: IDA = International Development Association.

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Official creditors debt service Official creditors disbursement

Private creditors debt service Private creditors disbursement
Official creditors net transfer Private creditors net transfer
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
Note: GNI = gross national income; IDA = International
Development Association.
and publicly guaranteed debt, debt service pay-
ments accounted for 55 percent of gross inflows,
resulting in a net transfer of US$38 billion, after
taking into account the temporary debt relief pro-
vided by bilateral creditors in the context of the
Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI).
Increased borrowing from private creditors
has led to a hardening of the average terms of new
loan commitments to IDA-eligible countries. The
average terms on loans contracted from private
creditors between 2010 and 2021 were much
harder than the average terms on loans from
official (bilateral and multilateral) creditors. The
average maturity on loans from private creditors
during this period was 12 years, compared to
26 years for loans from official creditors, and the
average interest rate was 5 percent, or 3 percent-
age points higher than the average interest rate
of 2 percent on loans from official creditors. The
average grace period on loans from private credi-
tors, 6.7 years, was slightly longer than the aver-
age grace period of 6.3 years on loans from official
creditors (figure O.14). In this context, an impor-
tant factor was the rise in bonds issued in interna-
tional markets, of which the majority have a bullet
repayment. Unlike the terms on loans from official
creditors, which remain broadly the same from
year to year, the average terms on loans from pri-
vate creditors may oscillate sharply because they
are heavily weighted by which IDA-eligible bor-
rowers are active in the market at that time and
the terms on which they are able to issue. Bond
maturities range from 3 years to 40 years, but
interest rates on bonds issued in international
capital markets have averaged about 5 percent-
age points above those paid on loans from official
creditors. The average terms on loans from private
creditors are also downwardly biased in recent
years because loans and deposits from bilateral
creditors at subsidized interest rates that are chan-
neled through commercial banks are thus captured
in the International Debt Statistics (IDS) database
as loans from private creditors.
The increase in IDA-eligible countries’ bor-
rowing from private sources and new bilateral
creditors has led to a fragmentation of public
debt portfolios (box O.4). Almost all IDA-eligible
countries report loans from commercial banks and
other private entities, some of which have complex
structures with a portion covered by an export
credit guarantee from a bilateral agency. Other
commercial bank loans are guaranteed by mul-
tilateral institutions, including the World Bank,
and borrowing by public sector entities from com-
mercial banks and through bond issuance with a
government guarantee has also increased. Some of
the bonds issued in international capital markets
have collective action clauses but others do not,
adding to the challenges of coordination in the
event of a restructuring. Conventional distinctions
between external and domestic debt are increas-
ingly blurred: nonresident holders of domestic
bonds are common in domestic debt, which can
be denominated in either local or foreign currency.

13
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
Box O.4  Sovereign Debt Market Fragmentation in Highly Indebted Poor Countries
Over the course of the past two decades, sovereign
debt markets in low- and middle-income countries
have become increasingly complex (Gelpern et al.
2021; IMF 2020; World Bank 2022). Against that
backdrop, this box quantifies the heterogeneity
of the creditor and debtor base, particularly in
countries that benefited from large-scale relief in
the context of the Highly Indebted Poor Countries
(HIPC) Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief
Initiative. The empirical evidence presented in this
box shows that HIPC sovereign borrowing has
become increasingly fragmented since countries
reached the HIPC completion point. In other
words, external public and publicly guaranteed
debt is now contracted between an increasing
number of creditor and debtor entities. The find-
ings of the analysis are based on the uniquely
granular loan-level data that underlie the World
Bank’s International Debt Statistics Database.
They also build on an ongoing research project
that examines the evolving microstructure of
sovereign debt markets since the 1970s (Graf von
Luckner and Horn 2022).
The focus on the countries under the HIPC
Initiative reflects the fact that this group of
countries has seen a particularly pronounced
change in the structure of their sovereign debt
portfolio over the past 20 years. At the same
time, most HIPC countries face increasing and
considerable risk of debt distress with potentially
severe implications for poverty reduction and
long-run development prospects (Farah Yacoub
et al. 2022). The strong rebound since about 2010
in public external debt levels in HIPC countries is
well documented (World Bank 2022). However,
these increases in public external debt can occur
at both the extensive and the intensive margins.
Debtor countries may borrow additional financing
from their existing, traditional creditors, or they
can seek to increase their financing options and
contract loans with new creditor entities. The
research shows a significant part of the debt
accumulation in HIPC countries occurred at the
extensive margin and resulted in a substantial
increase in the number of creditor entities.
Importantly, the fragmentation is not limited to
the creditor dimension: a wider group of debtor
entities in HIPC countries has been able to contract
external public debt, albeit often only with the
support of a guarantee from the government.
Figure BO.4.1 shows that HIPC countries
have contracted loans with on average 10 new
14
Figure BO.4.1  Creditor Base Fragmentation in
Highly Indebted Poor Countries
50 HIPC completion point
Average number of different
Black line:
From how many different
creditor entities
40 creditor entities, on
average, has an
HIPC country
borrowed?
30
20
–5 0 5 10 15
Years before and after HIPC completion point
Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System.
Note: The figure shows the average number of different creditor
entities across all countries under the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) Initiative for years before and after HIPC
completion points. The average HIPC completion year is 2006.
creditor entities in the 15 years since reaching
the HIPC completion point. As a result, an
HIPC country now has an outstanding external
public debt portfolio with obligations to, on
average, more than 40 different creditor entities,
an increase of more than 30 percent from its
completion point portfolio. As others have
observed, many of the new creditors that have
extended loans to HIPC countries are middle-
income countries, particularly China (Broner
et al. 2020; Horn, Reinhart, and Trebesch 2021)
but also others like Brazil, India, and Türkiye. A
significant share of HIPC countries have accessed
international bond markets, some on repeated
occasions since Ghana’s entry into the Eurobond
market led the way in 2007 (Presbitero et al.
2016).
The increasing fragmentation on the
creditor side is mirrored by a similar expansion
on the debtor side. Information provided to the
World Bank Debtor Reporting System shows
an increasing number of debtor entities in low-
income countries have contracted external public
debt (figure BO.4.2). The number of public sector
entities in HIPC countries with outstanding
external obligations rose from an average of 11
entities to an average of 16 entities per country
following achievement of the HIPC completion
point, an increase of almost 50 percent. This
increase is driven primarily by a growing number
of state-owned and mixed enterprises able to
tap international credit markets and by private
sector entities reliant on government guarantees to
borrow abroad.
 O v e r v i e w

Box O.4  Sovereign Debt Market Fragmentation in Highly Indebted Poor Countries (continued)

Figure BO.4.2  Debtor Base Fragmentation in particularly in the world’s poorest countries.

Highly Indebted Poor Countries A more dispersed creditor base can help to diversify
18 HIPC completion point financing risks and lead to better international
risk-sharing outcomes (Arslanalp and Tsuda 2014;
Average number of different

16 Black line: Callen, Imbs, and Mauro 2015). In times of crisis,

debtor entities

On average, how many however, sovereign debt theory predicts that a

different debtor entities
14 contract public external
debt in an HIPC country?
12
10
–5 0 5 10
Years before and after HIPC completion point
Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System.
Note: This figure shows the average number of different debtor
entities with outstanding external public and publicly guaranteed
debt across all countries under the Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) Initiative for years before and after HIPC
completion points. The average HIPC completion year is 2006.
These findings have important policy
implications and call for further empirical research
on the microstructure of sovereign debt markets,
larger number of creditors will likely aggravate
collective action problems and burden sharing
by creditors and lead to longer and more costly
restructuring processes (Bai and Zhang 2012; Cobas
2022; Krueger 2002). Greater diversification of
15 borrower entities in the debtor country presents its
own challenges: for borrowing by entities outside
the central government, including those that
benefit from a government guarantee, reporting
standards are often inconsistent and frequently
inadequate (World Bank 2021). Diversification also
imposes additional challenges for sovereign debt
restructuring processes (Gulati and Buchheit 2013),
not least because government guarantees that have
not been called are typically outside the scope of the
restructuring process.

Extraordinary Support from fill the gap left by a downturn in new commit-
Multilateral Creditors during the ments from private creditors and other official,
COVID-19 Pandemic bilateral creditors. New loan commitments from
multilateral creditors, excluding the IMF, rose to
Multilateral creditors provided extraordinary US$132 billion in 2020, an increase of 49 ­percent
­levels of assistance to help mitigate the economic from the 2019 prepandemic level of US$89
and social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic. ­billion. They fell to US$109 billion in 2021 but
Loan disbursements to low- and middle-income were still 23 percent above the prepandemic
countries from multilateral creditors rose from level (­figure O.15). Loan commitments from the
US$104 billion in 2019 to US$157 ­ billion in World Bank in 2020 and 2021 totaled US$101
2020, including US$50 billion from the IMF billion, equivalent to 42 percent of loan commit-
and US$41 billion from the World Bank. ments by all multilateral institutions combined in
Disbursements from multilateral creditors those two years.
remained slightly above prepandemic levels in COVID-19-related support from multilateral
2021, at US$108 billion, including US$12 billion institutions extended beyond IDA-eligible coun-
from the IMF and US$40 billion from the World tries to cover middle-income International Bank
Bank. During 2020 and 2021, the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
also provided US$11 billion in grants to IDA- countries. Fifty-six percent of loan commitments
eligible countries. from the World Bank in 2020 and 2021 were
The unprecedented level of support to miti- extended to IBRD borrowers. For IBRD borrow-
gate the economic and social impact of the global ers, commitments from multilateral institutions as
pandemic led to a surge in commitments to low- a share of total long-term commitments of public
and middle-income countries in 2020 and 2021 and publicly guaranteed debt rose from 15 percent
from multilateral creditors, who stepped up to in 2019 to 20 percent and 18 percent in 2020

15
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Figure O.15  Commitments to Low- and Figure O.16  Disbursements to Low- and
Middle-Income Countries from Multilateral Middle-Income Countries by Multilateral
Institutions, 2010–21 Institutions, 2019–21
US$ (billion) US$ (billion)
140 120

120 100

100 80

80 60

60 40

40 20

20 0
2019 2020 2021 2019 2020 2021
0 IDA-eligible countries IBRD countries
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
World Bank IMF Other multilateral Institutions
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
IDA-eligible countries Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
IBRD countries Note: IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development; IDA = International Development Association;
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database. IMF = International Monetary Fund.
Note: IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development; IDA = International Development Association.
in 2020 and US$509 million in 2021 that offset
and 2021, respectively. Bilateral creditors had a
debt service payments made to the IMF.4
smaller share, which fell from 6 percent in both
The World Bank is IDA-eligible countries’
2019 and 2020 to 4 percent in 2021. In contrast,
single largest creditor, but financing from other
­
for IDA-eligible countries, multilateral creditors’
official creditors is also highly concentrated.
share of comparable long-term commitments rose
Between 2010 and 2021, the World Bank (IBRD
from 41 percent in 2019 to 52 percent in 2020,
and IDA) extended US$453 billion in loan com-
then dropped back to 44 percent in 2021. Bilateral
mitments, of which US$166 billion, or 37 percent,
creditors’ share fell from 33 percent in 2019 to
went to IDA-eligible countries. Commitments from
18 percent in 2021.
the World Bank were equivalent to 27 ­percent of
Looking beyond loan commitments to loan
the US$618 billion in loan commitments from all
disbursements, in 2020 multilateral institutions
official creditors, excluding the IMF, and half of
disbursed a total of US$106 billion to low- and
those from multilateral creditors. Over this period,
middle-income countries, 37 percent higher
IDA-eligible countries also received an additional
than the 2019 disbursements of US$78 billion
US$35 billion in IDA grants. Three regional
(­figure O.16). Financing from the IMF provided
development banks (African Development Bank,
an additional US$50 billion, raising overall
Asian Development Bank, and Inter-American
disbursements from multilateral institutions to
Development Bank) were the second most impor-
US$157 ­billion in 2020. In 2021, disbursements
tant group of multilateral creditors, with com-
declined by 31 percent largely on account of
bined loan commitments of US$93 billion from
the steep US$38 billion contraction in financing
2010 to 2021, equivalent to 15 percent of official
from the IMF to US$12 billion. For other mul-
creditors and 28 percent of commitments from
tilateral institutions, including the World Bank,
multilateral creditors. China was IDA-eligible
disbursements were also lower in 2021. They
countries’ second most important creditor and
fell 10 ­ percent to US$96 billion but remained
the largest bilateral creditor. It extended US$138
23 percent higher than their prepandemic level.
billion in new loans over this period, equivalent
IDA-eligible countries received 30 percent of the
to 22 percent of commitments from all official
2020 and 2021 disbursements from multilateral
creditors and 48 p ­ ercent of those from bilateral
creditors. In addition, in 2020 and 2021 these
creditors. Japan, the second largest bilateral credi-
countries received a total of US$11 billion in IDA
tor and largest Paris Club creditor, accounted for
grants and the poorest countries among them also
7 percent of official creditors and 16 percent of
benefited from grants from the IMF’s Catastrophe
overall loan commitments from bilateral credi-
Containment and Relief Trust of US$488 million
tors. Taken together, the World Bank, the three

16
 O v e r v i e w

Figure O.17  Loan Commitments from Official Private creditors accounted for only 25 percent
Creditors to IDA-Eligible Countries, 2010–21 of DSSI-eligible countries’ year-end 2021 public
US$ (billion) and publicly guaranteed external debt stocks
70
but received 49 ­percent of the total debt service
60
paid in 2020 and 2021, because their lending on
50
average is more costly and of shorter maturity.
40
Multilateral creditors received 29 percent of
30
2020–21 debt service payments, and 22 percent
20
went to bilateral creditors. Debt service payments
10 to the World Bank and the IMF were US$8.3 bil-
0 lion and US$5.9 b ­ illion, respectively, and together
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
accounted for just under half of the debt service
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20 paid in 2020 and 2021 to multilateral creditors.

China
Japan Bilateral creditors deferred US$8.9 billion in
All other bilateral debt service payments due in 2020 and 2021 for the
World Bank
48 DSSI-eligible countries that chose to participate
African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and
Inter-American Development Bank in the initiative, but also received US$16.1 billion in
Other multilaterals debt service payments from them. These participat-
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database. ing countries paid US$71 billion in 2020–21 to ser-
Note: IDA = International Development Association. vice external public and publicly guaranteed debt,
of which US$16.1 b ­ illion was paid to bilateral cred-
regional development banks, China, and Japan itors. The US$8.9 billion deferred included US$3.4
extended 72 percent of loan commitments from billion falling due in 2020 and US$5.5 billion due
official creditors. The remaining 28 percent was in 2021 and reflected deferrals agreed with Group
spread across around 40 bilateral (Paris Club of Twenty creditors and some bilateral creditors
and non–Paris Club) and multilateral creditors outside the Group of Twenty, notably Kuwait and
(figure O.17). the United Arab Emirates, which participate in the
initiative on comparable terms (figure O.18). Of the
deferred debt service, US$1.9 billion, or 22 percent,
The Debt Service Suspension were interest payments that were capitalized and
Initiative: Update and Perspectives added to external debt stock. Principal payments

Bilateral official creditors deferred US$8.9 ­billion

in debt service payments owed in 2020 and 2021 Figure O.18  DSSI-Participating Countries’ Debt
Service Paid and Deferred, by Creditor Groups,
by a group of 48 countries that participated in
2019–21
the DSSI. During that period, these countries also
US$ (billion)
paid US$99 billion in total debt service, represent- 50
ing 4 percent of their combined average GNI in 45
Debt service
2020 and 2021. This debt service included US$71 40 deferred
35
billion to service public and publicly guaranteed
30
debt, including US$16.1 billion in debt service 25
Debt
payments to bilateral official creditors. 20 service
In 2020 and 2021, 68 DSSI-eligible countries 15 paid
10
reporting to the DRS spent a total of US$160
5
billion to service external debt, of which US$99 0
billion was debt service payments on public and 2019 2020 2021

publicly guaranteed debt.5 The US$99 billion Multilateral creditors, including IMF
Private creditors
was equivalent to 2 percent of the countries’ Bilateral creditors
combined average GNI in 2020 and 2021, and
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
comprised US$68.7 billion in principal payments Note: DSSI = Debt Service Suspension Initiative;
and US$30.5 billion in interest and other charges. IMF = International Monetary Fund.

17
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
subject to the deferral were already included in
external debt stocks because they were not paid on
the original due date.
Instead of providing a debt reduction, the DSSI
established that the standstill in debt service pay-
ments would be net present value neutral. Bilateral
creditors were expected to charge interest on the
amount of debt service deferred at an interest rate
comparable to the one that applied to the original
terms of a loan subject to deferral. The DSSI restruc-
tured repayments on the debt service deferred over
a six-year period, including a one-year grace period
and five-year repayment term. Based on informa-
tion provided by participating countries, the cost
of the deferral is estimated at about US$575 mil-
lion in additional interest charges on the principal
and interest payments due in 2020 and 2021 and
deferred. Total principal and interest payments due
on the deferred payments are estimated to average
US$1.8 billion in 2022–25, equivalent to 8.7 per-
cent of projected debt service payments to bilateral
creditors over that period.
The deferral process requires a detailed recon-
ciliation between debtor and creditor records and
has been administratively costly. Loans to which
the deferral applies and the precise amount of debt
service to be deferred must be identified, and a legal
document to revise the contractual payment terms
of the original loan(s) is created. This is a time-
consuming process, as shown by a statement from
the Pakistan Ministry of Economic Affairs in June
2022, when it announced the signing of two more
deferral agreements (BR Web Desk 2022). One
agreement, with Japan, covered deferrals related
to the first half of 2021; the other agreement, with
Switzerland, covered deferrals related to the sec-
ond half of 2021. These new agreements brought
the total number of deferral agreements signed by
Pakistan to 93 with 21 different creditors. During
the protracted DSSI implementation process, partic-
ipating countries reporting to the World Bank DRS
have taken various approaches in managing their
public debt portfolio. For example, some countries
reported debt service potentially subject to deferral
as paid to avoid any unintended consequences of
payment arrears, in the expectation of reimburse-
ment upon signature of the deferral agreement.
Other countries recorded “technical arrears” or
reported estimated amounts of debt service deferred
pending an agreement with the creditor on the
actual amount.
18
Data presented in International Debt Report
2022 for deferred debt service have been standard-
ized, to the extent possible. The data reflect all
amounts reported as actually deferred by DSSI-
participating countries, estimates agreed with
national authorities for those still being finalized,
and, where available, amounts reconciled with
creditor data for all agreements that have been
concluded. For example, the Japanese authorities
shared information that enabled its accounts of
debt service deferred to be reconciled on a loan-
by-loan basis with debtor records. This exercise
confirmed that, in most instances, the two data
sets had only a small percentage point difference,
not only assuring concordance regarding the defer-
rals but also providing confidence regarding the
accuracy of borrowers’ reports to the DRS.
Figures for debt deferrals do not include
debt forgiveness or debt restructuring outside the
parameters of the DSSI. Other debt restructuring
arrangements are captured by the World Bank
DRS in the appropriate debt restructuring trans-
actions. These arrangements include forgiveness
of some concessional loans by China, reprofil-
ing of terms including for some in oil-backed
facilities, Kuwait’s US$900 million write-off of for
Mauritania of interest arrears and restructuring of
the principal on longstanding “passive” debt, and
the refinancing agreement between Australia and
Papua New Guinea that substituted for the debt
deferral. For countries in conflict like the Republic
of Yemen, which currently do not report to the
DRS, the debt service deferred under the DSSI is
only partially recorded.
Spotlight on Debt Data Transparency:
The Role of the World Bank’s Debtor
Reporting System
The World Bank has collected external debt data
from its client countries through the DRS since the
1950s. The World Bank IDS database is the most
comprehensive source of cross-country comparable
information on the external debt liabilities of low-
and middle-income countries. The World Bank
supports governments and works with development
partners to strengthen debt recording and reporting
and to raise the bar on debt transparency. Central
to this agenda is its commitment to continuously

improve the coverage, accuracy, timeliness, and
transparency of the external debt statistics it com-
piles and disseminates in the IDS database.
The World Bank has collected external debt
data since the 1950s and has disseminated them
for almost 50 years. Comprehensive, accurate, and
transparent data on external debt liabilities are
central to effective debt management by debtors
and key to supporting countries to restructure
unsustainable debt and generate a durable eco-
nomic recovery. The World Bank’s IDS database
is the most comprehensive source of cross-country
comparable information on the external debt
liabilities of low- and middle-income countries.
These data are drawn from DRS. The World
Bank requires all member countries that borrow
from IBRD and IDA to provide regular detailed
reports on a debt instrument basis on long-term
external debt with an original maturity of over
one year owed by a public agency or by a private
agency with a public guarantee.6 It also requires
­borrowers to report aggregate data on long-term
external debt owed by the private sector with no
public guarantee. Currently, 121 low- and middle-
income countries report to the DRS, including all
countries eligible for loans from IDA.
Information recorded in the DRS is drawn
from debt instrument agreements and the trans-
action records of the borrowers’ loan recording
system. Most countries submit DRS reports elec-
tronically using a customized debt management
software package or the standardized software
packages developed by the Commonwealth
Secretariat and the United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development. Data compiled include
the basic elements of each instrument such as com-
mitment date, amount and currency of the instru-
ment, name and type of debtor, name and type
of creditor, and repayment terms as well as the
annual transactions on each instrument (disburse-
ments and principal and interest payments) and
related outstanding debt stocks.
Accurately and transparently reporting public
debt liabilities requires a debt data management
framework that ensures the capture of all relevant
liabilities (data coverage) and the accuracy of the
information recorded (data quality). Greater debt
transparency is not simply a matter of information
disclosure. It requires (a) a sound and enforce-
able legal and institutional framework governing
all public sector borrowing, (b) an effective debt
O v e r v i e w
management office staffed by qualified and expe-
rienced officials, and (c) robust debt recording and
reporting systems. Ensuring adequate coverage of
public and external debt data is also compounded
by the need for debt recording to keep pace with
an expanding universe of domestic and external
creditors and increasingly complex mechanisms
for mobilizing financing.
The DRS has evolved with the changing land-
scape of external debt. Since its establishment in
the 1950s, the DRS has routinely expanded and
adapted is reporting requirements to take into
account changes in the external borrowing land-
scape of low- and middle-income countries and
to support the data needs of policy makers, debt
practitioners, and researchers during the periodic
debt crises and concomitant debt restructuring
and debt relief initiatives. The emergence of exter-
nal borrowing by private sector entities without
a government guarantee led to the introduction
of the reporting requirement for this category of
external debt in the 1970s. The requirement to
report loan-by-loan transaction records to mea-
sure the extent and impact of debt restructuring
arrangements and buybacks was introduced in
the late 1970s and modified on several occasions
thereafter to include the effects of these innova-
tions on countries’ debt obligations. Similarly, the
introduction of new lending instruments such as
bond buybacks, zero coupon bonds, interest rates
set as a fixed spread and adjustable base rate,
debt swaps, and central banks deposits with open-
ended repayment terms has necessitated changes in
the data elements captured in the DRS.
The DRS continues to expand its support
of greater debt transparency. This expansion
includes implementation of revisions to the report-
ing requirement to ensure that DRS reports cap-
ture all debt instruments, to gather information
on borrower and creditor loan guarantees and
other creditor risk mitigation mechanisms, and
to extend the scope of the DRS to all public debt
liabilities, domestic and external.
The past decade has seen a marked ­improvement
in the coverage, completeness, and accuracy of DRS
reporting. This improvement arises from concerted
efforts to strengthen and enhance countries’ debt
recording and reporting to better understand rising
debt vulnerabilities. It also reflects implementation of
reforms to strengthen debt management capacity in
low- and middle-income countries, often supported
19
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

by development policy financing from the World Figure O.19  Percent of Countries That Report
Bank and the Debt Management Facility launched Public and Publicly Guaranteed and Private
in 2008 by the World Bank with donor support and Nonguaranteed Year-End Transaction Data to the
now run jointly by the World Bank and the IMF with DRS, 2010–21
Percent
technical support from other international partners.7
100
The IDA Sustainable Development Finance 90
Policy (SDFP) incentivizes countries to move 80
toward transparent and sustainable financing. 70
The SDFP has been instrumental in increasing and 60
institutionalizing the disclosure and publication of 50

public debt data. Since the policy became effective 40

in July 2020, implementation of policy perfor- 30

20
mance actions to improve debt transparency has
10
resulted in the publication of annual debt reports
0
and/or quarterly debt bulletins by 33 IDA-eligible

18

19

20
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

12
countries and has seen the process institutional-

20

20

20
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

ized through government orders or decrees. These
initiatives have further improved the coverage,
completeness, and accuracy of DRS reports.
Recent years marked an important improve-
ment in the number of countries reporting to the
DRS. The DRS received additional data from
previously nonreporting countries, such as Iraq
and Turkmenistan, which started to report again
in 2021 after a 12-year hiatus. Tanzania resumed
its reporting in 2020 after a 5-year gap, and South
Africa increased the transparency of its data
and started reporting debt instrument–level data
instead of aggregate data.
The completeness of the DRS reports, par-
ticularly the reporting of private nonguaranteed
debt, also improved in recent years. Historically,
private nonguaranteed debt did not represent a
large proportion of many low- and middle-income
countries’ external debt. As countries’ external
debt portfolios evolved and private sector entities
were able to access external financing without a
government guarantee, however, the importance
of providing comprehensive data to the DRS on all
types of external debt increased.
For the year-end 2018 data, about 51 percent
of DRS countries reported private nonguaranteed
debt, the highest share of countries since the DRS
introduced the reporting requirement in the 1970s
(figure O.19). About 43 percent of DRS countries
reported year-end 2021 private nonguaranteed data,
demonstrating countries’ quick recovery and abil-
ity to send data to the DRS after facing difficulties
reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the
remaining DRS countries, 36 countries have private
nonguaranteed data supplemented by other sources
20
Public and publicly guaranteed debt
Private nonguaranteed debt
Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System (DRS).
Note: The dip in year 2019 reflects the countries’ challenges to
­report during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. The list of
­reporting countries is based on year-end 2021 data.
as noted in the methodology (box O.1) and 33
countries do not have data. Out of the 33 countries
with no data, two-thirds are classified as countries
affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (most
of which are low-income countries facing capacity
­constraints). Other countries have no outstanding
obligations for the private nonguaranteed sector,
confirming the challenges that arise when borrow-
ing without the guarantee of the public sector in
economies that are more susceptible to shocks.
The most significant current gap in data
reported to the DRS relates to borrowing by
state-owned enterprises (SOEs), particularly
SOE borrowing without a government guaran-
tee. Most data omissions reflect discrepancies
between the country’s definition of public debt
and DRS reporting standards, the absence of
systems to collect these data at the national level,
and the limited authority of the national debt
office. Many c­ountries, including high-income
developed economies, define public debt as the
direct borrowing of the general government and
borrowing of a public or private sector entity
with a state guarantee. As such, recording and
reporting on debt outside these parameters will
be beyond the legal authority and remit of the
national debt office. The DRS definition of public
debt extends to external borrowing by nonfinan-
cial SOEs in which the government holds more

20

than a 50 percent share of the debt, but histori-
cally this information was rarely reported.
The heightened emphasis by the World Bank
and the IMF since 2018 on the liabilities of SOEs
and policy actions incentivized by the SDFP to
strengthen fiscal risk management and greater
transparency are leading to the compilation and
reporting of more data on the external liabilities
of SOEs. This information is being used to expand
coverage of the DRS database. Most data on
SOE debt liabilities, however, are as yet available
only in aggregate. Incorporating these data at the
loan level into national recording and reporting
systems, as needed to meet the DRS reporting
requirement, will likely take time.
Major efforts have been made to improve the
accuracy of the data reported to the DRS. They
include a comprehensive review of the entire data-
base (currently about 50,000 active loans) to ensure
consistency of borrower type, creditor type, and
entity name and classification. Debt data submitted
by DRS reporting countries are validated against
other sources such as creditor records, market data
compiled by private entities like Dealogic, academic
data sets, and information from central banks and
other national agencies that compile the balance
of payments and international investment position
statistics. When data gaps are identified through
reconciliation with other sources, they are brought
to the a­ ttention of national debt compilers and the
information is used to improve the comprehensive-
ness of the DRS.
There has also been a major expansion in the
scope and granularity of the debt data drawn from
the DRS and presented in the annual publication
and the online IDS database. For decades, the
number of indicators available hovered around
214. In 2019 (year-end 2018 data), the number of
indicators available more than doubled with the
addition of 283 indicators to the database. The
new indicators consisted mostly of the breakdown
of external debt stock and flow data by debtor
types including general government, public sec-
tor, and private sector guaranteed by the public
sector. In 2021 (year-end 2020 data), another
72 indicators were added to reflect the breakdown
of e­ xternal debt by the central bank, bringing the
total number of indicators to 569 (figure O.20).
The most important increase in granular-
ity in the history of the publication of debt data
was the addition of a fourth dimension of data
O v e r v i e w
Figure O.20  Number of Indicators Published in the
International Debt Statistics Database, Year-End
Data, 2017–21
Number
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.
disaggregated by creditor in 2020. The IDS data-
base added the ability to disaggregate data by
more than 300 creditors, including bilateral lend-
ers at the country level and about 100 multilateral
institutions. This addition allows users to view
and download data at the debtor-creditor level
and provides additional transparency not only
on the debt stocks and flows, but also on lend-
ing terms (average maturity, grace period, grant
element, and interest rate on new commitments).
In addition, in 2020 the IDS database was also
expanded to support the DSSI. Projected debt
service payments were expanded from an annual
periodicity to a monthly periodicity and presented
for each official bilateral creditor and multilateral
entity to facilitate implementation of the DSSI.
Going forward, proposed enhancements to
the DRS are designed to ensure that the informa-
tion the World Bank collects and disseminates
will ­support and advance the debt transparency
agenda. A four-point agenda to be implemented
over the next two to three years centers on rede-
signing the DRS to further align with changes in
borrowing patterns and instruments, and expand-
ing the reporting requirement where appropriate
to support current data needs. An important ele-
ment of this work will be extending the coverage
of the DRS to domestic public debt to reflect its
increasing importance in low- and middle-income
countries’ overall debt portfolios. Additional
effort will be made to close data gaps to enhance
data quality and coverage, including the debt
instrument information for the nonguaranteed
debt of SOEs. This work will build on policy
actions undertaken in the context of the IDA
21
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

SDFP to institutionalize transparency and regular
recording and reporting of this category of debt.
In addition, the platform that serves for record-
ing and disseminating the data captured through
the DRS will be replaced with a state-of-the-art
cloud-based system to accommodate all the new
data requirements, allow for faster and easier elec-
tronic transfer of DRS reports from national debt
systems, and provide users of the IDS d ­ atabase
expanded access and the capability to extract
customized reports to support policy making,
research, and analysis (box O.5).

Box O.5  Improvements in Debtor Reporting System Coverage Enhance Debt Transparency
Since 2018, there have been substantial improve-
ments in the coverage of the external debt data
published by the World Bank for both official
and private creditors.a Successive editions of the
International Debt Statistics (IDS), 2018–22, and
International Debt Report, 2022, have identified
and added US$631 billion in previously unre-
ported loan commitments, equivalent to more
than 17 percent of the total outstanding public
and publicly guaranteed debt stock in 2021.b
When previously unreported loans are identified
and recorded, past debt stocks, transactions (dis-
bursements and debt service payments), and loan
commitment figures are revised ex post in the new
releases of debt statistics (figure BO.5.1). Tracking
these revisions across IDS reports enables the
quantification of debt not previously captured in
public debt statistics and increases the coverage
and completeness of debt statistics.
Newly identified loans were extended in
almost equal parts by official creditors and private
creditors. International Debt Statistics 2022
added US$199 billion in loans to past data, the
single largest increase in debt coverage since the
World Bank first published external debt statistics
in 1973.
These coverage increases have occurred
in many middle-income borrowers and those
eligible for assistance from the International
Development Association. Over the past five IDS
vintages, upward revisions in external debt stocks,
and related flows, were made for more than 60
countries reporting to the Debtor Reporting
System. In most cases, the size of the upward
revisions was limited: on average, the public
and publicly guaranteed external debt stock was
revised upward by 5.6 percent over the past six
editions of the International Debt Statistics/Report.

Figure BO.5.1  Ex Post Upward Revisions of External Public and Publicly Guaranteed Loan
Commitments
US$ (billion)
250

200

150

100

50

0
IDS 2018 IDS 2019 IDS 2020 IDS 2021 IDS 2022 IDR 2022

Upward revisions from private creditors Upward revisions from official creditors

Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.

Note: The figure shows cumulative upward revisions of private and official loan commitments by IDS/IDR vintage. The aggregates
include revisions to all countries, which are included in two consecutive vintages. For example, IDS 2022 identified and added US$199
billion in loan commitments to data published in IDS 2021. IDR 2022 includes the latest release of IDS data for year-end 2021
whereas IDS 2022’s latest data were year-end 2020. IDR = International Debt Report; IDS = International Debt Statistics.

22
 O v e r v i e w

Box O.5  Improvements in Debtor Reporting System Coverage Enhance Debt Transparency (continued)

Figure BO.5.2  Countries with the Largest Cumulative Upward Revisions since International Debt
Statistics 2018

Turkmenistan
Guinea
Chad
Myanmar
Vanuatu
Guinea-Bissau
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Example:
Iran, Islamic Rep. According to IDS 2018, Tanzania’s debt stock
Zimbabwe to official creditors in 2016 was US$9.8
billion. According to IDR 2022, the debt
Angola stock to official creditors in 2016 was
Tanzania US$11.8 billion, an upward revision of
US$2 billion or more than 16 percent of the
Tajikistan
initial reporting.
Comoros
Mongolia
Gambia, The
South Africa
Mauritania
El Salvador
Tonga
Cameroon
Eswatini

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ex post upward revision of the 2016 external public and publicly guaranteed debt stock (%)

Revision of debt to official creditors Revision of debt to private creditors

Source: World Bank International Debt Statistics database.

Note: The figure shows the cumulative ex post upward revision of external public and publicly guaranteed debt for the countries
with the largest revisions over the past six IDS/IDR vintages. The debt stock in 2016 serves as the comparison year because it is the
latest year available in all six vintages. Turkmenistan is an outlier, and its upward revision of 3,200 percent is curtailed for readability.
Turkmenistan repaid all obligations to the World Bank in 2018 and was not obligated to report in 2019 and 2020. When the
country resumed borrowing from the World Bank in 2021, the old series was restored and significantly revised. IDR = International
Debt Report; IDS = International Debt Statistics.

In 19 countries, however, the upward revision was
more than 10 percent of the initially reported debt
stock. Low-income countries and countries with
weak public debt recording and reporting capacity
dominate this group (figure BO.5.2).
Debt recording and reporting need to keep
up with an increasingly complex borrowing
landscape if data are to remain relevant. The
revisions described in this box are in part
driven by the addition of new debt instruments
and expanding coverage of borrower entities,
specifically borrowing by state-owned enterprises
and central bank liabilities deposits that have
become an important financing source in some
low- and middle-income countries. Despite the
significant progress made in the coverage of
debt stocks and flows, important knowledge
gaps remain (Pazabarsioglu and Reinhart 2022).
They include undisclosed lending terms such as
collateralization (Mihalyi et al. 2022) and the issue
of “hidden defaults,” that is, the lack of systematic
data on credit events with non–Paris Club bilateral
creditors and nonbond private external creditors
(Horn, Reinhart, and Trebesch 2022).
a. This box is based on a Horn, Mihalyi, and Nickol 2022.
b. Another way to look at it is that ex post added commitments
accounted for 19 percent of all newly added commitments in
vintages 2018 to 2023.

23
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
Notes
1. About half of the external debt stock of low- and
middle-income countries is denominated in currencies
other than the US dollar.
2. The 10 largest borrowers are based on total external
debt stock at year-end 2021. The 10 largest borrow-
ers excluding China are Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Russian Federation,
South Africa, Thailand, and Türkiye.
3. Country reporting of statistics to the Quarterly Exter-
nal Debt Statistics database, jointly developed by the
World Bank and IMF, is voluntary.
4. Eligibility for assistance from the IMF’s Catastrophe
Containment and Relief Trust is reserved for countries
eligible for concessional borrowing from the IMF
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust and whose per
capita income is below the IDA’s operational cutoff
(US$1,255 for fiscal year 2023).
5. Of the 73 countries eligible for the DSSI, 4 coun-
tries are not required to report to the DRS because
they do not have any outstanding obligations to the
World Bank (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia,
and Tuvalu). South Sudan has not reported any data
to the World Bank DRS. Countries eligible for DSSI
are defined as those that were IDA-eligible countries
at the time the initiative was announced and coun-
tries on the United Nations list of least developed
countries.
6. Reporting requirements to the DRS are spelled out
in the “Bank Policy on External Debt Reporting and
Financial Statements” document available at https://
ppfdocuments.azureedge.net/8fcc4c7a-0e1c-47e0​
-84b3-0950b0fc4d9b.pdf. Countries that receive only
IDA grants and have no outstanding debt obligations
to the World Bank are not required to report to the
DRS. They are typically small island economies—for
example, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu.
7. Since 2014, the World Bank and IMF have jointly
­administered the Debt Management Facility.
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25
PART II
Aggregate and Country Tables

27
ALL LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,292 7,398 7,859 8,243 8,620 9,296
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 134 124 151 171 224 415
of which: SDR allocations 85 79 77 77 80 273
Long-term external debt 3,010 5,398 5,597 5,928 6,238 6,447
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,566 2,761 2,937 3,125 3,353 3,485
Public sector 1,560 2,758 2,935 3,123 3,351 3,472
of which: General government 1,164 1,992 2,107 2,278 2,465 2,537
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 6 3 2 2 2 13
Private sector not guaranteed 1,444 2,637 2,660 2,803 2,885 2,962
Short-term external debt 1,148 1,876 2,111 2,143 2,158 2,434

Disbursements (long-term) 642 1,136 1,112 1,202 1,210 1,201

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 284 481 475 451 495 473
Public sector 283 481 475 451 495 461
of which: General government 182 313 296 310 334 294
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 12
Private sector not guaranteed 358 655 637 751 714 728

Principal repayments (long-term) 362 711 786 883 886 921

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 135 208 260 262 289 285
Public sector 134 208 259 262 289 285
of which: General government 74 110 136 128 173 172
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 0 0 1
Private sector not guaranteed 227 502 525 621 597 636

Interest payments (long-term) 99 188 210 230 203 222

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 99 107 122 108 115
Public sector 46 99 107 122 108 115
of which: General government 38 75 79 85 74 82
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 52 89 103 108 95 107

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,010 5,398 5,597 5,928 6,238 6,447
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,566 2,761 2,937 3,125 3,353 3,485
Official creditors 823 1,060 1,099 1,139 1,251 1,276
Multilateral 467 636 658 693 776 808
of which: World Bank 239 314 323 342 377 390
Bilateral 356 424 440 446 474 468
Private creditors 742 1,702 1,838 1,987 2,102 2,210
Bondholders 462 1,227 1,356 1,507 1,628 1,709
Commercial banks and others 281 475 482 479 475 501
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,444 2,637 2,660 2,803 2,885 2,962
Bondholders 210 479 488 574 677 708
Commercial banks and others 1,235 2,157 2,172 2,229 2,208 2,254
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 134 124 151 171 224 415

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 9 4 31 21 45 1
Long-term 280 426 326 319 323 280
Official creditors 55 54 53 43 77 55
Multilateral 45 32 33 37 66 49
of which: World Bank 23 12 15 19 27 20
Bilateral 10 22 20 6 11 7
Private creditors 225 372 273 276 247 225
Bondholders 101 281 198 234 228 142
Banks and others 124 90 75 42 19 83
Short-term 428 322 231 32 11 278
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 526 457 483 490 464 640
Portfolio equity 126 67 38 48 61 47

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 80 105 102 107 123 103
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 26 26 27 29 26
Debt service to exports (%) 9 14 14 16 17 14
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 25 27 26 25 26
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 9 8 8 9 9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 122 79 73 72 73 69
Gross national income (GNI) 19,629 28,671 30,263 31,033 29,945 35,141
29
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,192 2,482 2,790 2,993 3,269 3,679
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 18 17 17 17 18 75
of which: SDR allocations 18 17 16 16 17 74
Long-term external debt 558 1,277 1,400 1,618 1,848 1,979
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 318 546 641 727 835 914
Public sector 318 546 641 727 835 903
of which: General government 240 404 449 510 581 600
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 11
Private sector not guaranteed 240 731 759 890 1,014 1,065
Short-term external debt 616 1,188 1,372 1,359 1,403 1,624

Disbursements (long-term) 116 362 407 510 500 491

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 98 132 130 150 172
Public sector 47 98 132 130 150 161
of which: General government 29 49 65 81 93 74
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 11
Private sector not guaranteed 69 264 276 381 350 320

Principal repayments (long-term) 65 231 252 309 278 341

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 29 34 34 43 57 76
Public sector 29 34 34 43 57 76
of which: General government 17 15 18 19 32 45
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 36 197 218 266 221 265

Interest payments (long-term) 16 35 47 57 53 65

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 14 18 22 23 30
Public sector 9 14 18 22 23 30
of which: General government 7 10 13 14 13 21
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 7 21 29 35 30 35

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 558 1,277 1,400 1,618 1,848 1,979
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 318 546 641 727 835 914
Official creditors 217 205 209 212 235 233
Multilateral 87 107 111 116 130 135
of which: World Bank 47 59 60 62 66 68
Bilateral 130 98 98 96 105 98
Private creditors 101 341 432 516 600 681
Bondholders 72 284 371 449 534 597
Commercial banks and others 29 57 61 67 66 84
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 240 731 759 890 1,014 1,065
Bondholders 20 183 216 276 371 391
Commercial banks and others 220 548 544 615 643 674
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 18 17 17 17 18 75

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0 0 0 0 1 0
Long-term 51 130 155 201 222 150
Official creditors 2 0 4 2 15 6
Multilateral 4 4 5 5 12 7
of which: World Bank 3 2 2 2 3 3
Bilateral -2 -3 -1 -2 3 -1
Private creditors 49 130 151 198 207 144
Bondholders 9 111 124 138 177 94
Banks and others 40 19 26 60 30 50
Short-term 307 259 184 -13 44 221
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 265 190 245 217 258 334
Portfolio equity 40 35 49 46 65 83

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 50 69 71 77 84 75
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 17 17 18 19 18
Debt service to exports (%) 5 9 9 11 10 10
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 52 48 49 45 43 44
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 4 4 4 4 4
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 269 146 128 122 118 107
Gross national income (GNI) 7,580 14,482 16,156 16,735 16,985 20,130
30
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,150 1,500 1,448 1,468 1,481 1,509
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 46 30 29 27 31 64
of which: SDR allocations 17 16 16 15 16 50
Long-term external debt 891 1,231 1,183 1,182 1,175 1,163
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 341 507 495 511 533 527
Public sector 340 506 494 511 533 527
of which: General government 183 284 289 316 340 345
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 1 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 551 724 689 670 643 636
Short-term external debt 213 239 236 260 275 281

Disbursements (long-term) 219 247 200 212 226 201

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 84 91 73 80 94 62
Public sector 83 91 73 80 94 62
of which: General government 41 46 44 50 60 47
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 135 156 127 132 132 139

Principal repayments (long-term) 159 191 224 212 226 201

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 47 81 62 83 57
Public sector 40 47 80 62 83 57
of which: General government 15 19 35 22 45 33
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 119 144 144 150 144 144

Interest payments (long-term) 32 44 43 43 43 42

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 17 20 19 20 20
Public sector 8 17 20 19 20 20
of which: General government 6 10 12 12 13 15
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 24 27 24 24 23 22

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 891 1,231 1,183 1,182 1,175 1,163
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 341 507 495 511 533 527
Official creditors 96 139 140 140 149 147
Multilateral 62 90 90 89 97 97
of which: World Bank 33 40 40 40 42 42
Bilateral 34 49 50 52 52 50
Private creditors 245 367 355 371 384 380
Bondholders 85 196 206 234 248 252
Commercial banks and others 160 172 149 136 135 128
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 551 724 689 670 643 636
Bondholders 34 75 75 83 85 80
Commercial banks and others 517 649 614 587 558 556
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 46 30 29 27 31 64

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 3 0 -1 -2 3 -1
Long-term 60 57 -24 0 0 1
Official creditors 14 7 4 1 3 3
Multilateral 11 4 2 0 4 4
of which: World Bank 3 1 1 0 1 1
Bilateral 4 3 2 2 -1 -1
Private creditors 45 50 -28 -1 -4 -3
Bondholders 13 33 13 35 10 3
Banks and others 33 17 -41 -36 -14 -6
Short-term 43 26 -3 23 14 7
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 64 60 45 67 38 81
Portfolio equity -1 -5 -7 -4 -18 -12

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 123 150 123 126 154 112
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40 49 47 47 51 44
Debt service to exports (%) 21 24 24 23 29 19
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 16 16 18 19 19
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 6 6 6 7 6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 38 40 44 44 48
Gross national income (GNI) 2,869 3,041 3,101 3,153 2,916 3,404
31
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,008 1,749 1,863 1,899 1,894 1,991
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 19 17 45 62 78 113
of which: SDR allocations 17 16 15 15 16 57
Long-term external debt 834 1,541 1,582 1,590 1,612 1,656
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 427 814 848 857 889 901
Public sector 422 812 846 855 888 899
of which: General government 327 563 588 601 631 642
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 2 2 1 1 2
Private sector not guaranteed 407 727 734 733 723 755
Short-term external debt 155 191 237 247 205 221

Disbursements (long-term) 190 283 278 250 282 298

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 83 136 128 100 132 95
Public sector 82 136 128 100 132 94
of which: General government 55 86 83 63 84 65
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 1
Private sector not guaranteed 108 147 151 150 150 203

Principal repayments (long-term) 83 185 177 235 224 234

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 39 76 75 91 72 71
Public sector 38 75 74 91 72 71
of which: General government 24 43 30 41 40 40
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 44 109 102 144 152 163

Interest payments (long-term) 35 73 73 78 63 71

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19 48 44 49 37 37
Public sector 19 48 43 49 37 37
of which: General government 16 38 34 35 25 24
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 15 25 29 29 26 34

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 834 1,541 1,582 1,590 1,612 1,656
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 427 814 848 857 889 901
Official creditors 158 203 209 209 225 234
Multilateral 122 154 162 168 184 194
of which: World Bank 48 57 58 61 67 71
Bilateral 37 49 47 41 41 39
Private creditors 268 610 639 648 664 668
Bondholders 227 478 498 504 529 525
Commercial banks and others 41 133 141 144 135 142
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 407 727 734 733 723 755
Bondholders 133 195 171 184 185 196
Commercial banks and others 274 532 562 550 538 558
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 19 17 45 62 78 113

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 1 0 29 17 13 -3
Long-term 108 98 102 14 58 63
Official creditors 20 8 6 0 14 11
Multilateral 15 3 9 6 15 12
of which: World Bank 8 -1 2 2 7 4
Bilateral 5 6 -2 -6 -1 -1
Private creditors 87 90 95 14 44 53
Bondholders 59 69 46 20 41 20
Banks and others 28 21 50 -6 3 33
Short-term 53 11 45 10 -43 17
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 120 130 120 127 74 108
Portfolio equity 40 20 -2 -3 -6 1

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 120 168 166 167 193 160
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 37 41 42 50 46
Debt service to exports (%) 14 25 23 28 30 26
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 11 13 13 11 11
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 9 9 9 10 10
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 44 42 40 41 36
Gross national income (GNI) 4,322 4,762 4,588 4,525 3,778 4,344
32
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 210 328 350 368 395 418
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 11 22 23 26 36 52
of which: SDR allocations 10 9 9 9 9 26
Long-term external debt 161 252 278 288 298 296
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 130 204 221 237 256 259
Public sector 129 204 221 236 255 259
of which: General government 105 155 168 182 200 199
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 31 48 56 52 42 37
Short-term external debt 38 54 49 55 61 70

Disbursements (long-term) 23 49 52 39 34 35
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 35 34 31 31 33
Public sector 14 35 34 31 31 33
of which: General government 12 27 24 25 25 20
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 9 13 18 8 2 2

Principal repayments (long-term) 18 24 24 27 31 32

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 14 14 14 19 25
Public sector 10 14 14 14 19 24
of which: General government 7 10 9 10 12 16
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 8 10 11 12 12 7

Interest payments (long-term) 6 8 10 11 9 8

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 6 7 9 6 6
Public sector 5 6 7 9 6 6
of which: General government 4 5 6 7 5 5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 2 2 2 3 2 2

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 161 252 278 288 298 296
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 130 204 221 237 256 259
Official creditors 91 132 134 138 149 144
Multilateral 37 61 62 65 75 76
of which: World Bank 13 25 27 30 33 34
Bilateral 54 71 72 72 74 68
Private creditors 39 72 87 99 107 114
Bondholders 27 61 71 79 86 91
Commercial banks and others 12 11 16 19 20 23
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 31 48 56 52 42 37
Bondholders 1 0 1 1 1 1
Commercial banks and others 30 48 56 51 42 36
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 11 22 23 26 36 52

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 1 4 2 3 9 0
Long-term 5 25 28 12 3 3
Official creditors 2 8 5 5 6 1
Multilateral 3 5 3 4 7 4
of which: World Bank 1 3 3 3 3 1
Bilateral -1 3 3 0 -1 -3
Private creditors 3 17 22 7 -3 3
Bondholders 3 13 10 9 6 6
Banks and others 0 3 12 -1 -9 -3
Short-term 5 1 -5 5 4 8
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 24 16 14 14 11 8
Portfolio equity 2 -1 0 1 -2 -2

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 57 91 86 100 154 118
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 14 24 28 29 34 30
Debt service to exports (%) 7 10 9 11 17 13
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 17 14 15 15 17
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 19 18 18 19 18
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 166 77 72 65 51 48
Gross national income (GNI) 1,470 1,359 1,271 1,282 1,173 1,373
33
SOUTH ASIA
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 410 717 743 802 828 911
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 20 17 16 17 20 42
of which: SDR allocations 9 9 8 8 9 32
Long-term external debt 323 574 597 649 677 717
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 189 328 340 366 385 415
Public sector 189 328 340 366 385 414
of which: General government 167 273 279 297 313 332
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 134 246 256 283 292 303
Short-term external debt 67 126 130 136 131 152

Disbursements (long-term) 52 104 84 103 98 96

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31 61 44 50 47 61
Public sector 31 61 44 50 46 61
of which: General government 25 54 30 36 36 42
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 22 43 41 53 52 34

Principal repayments (long-term) 24 48 58 52 77 52

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 20 29 26 34 27
Public sector 9 20 29 25 34 27
of which: General government 6 11 21 17 27 16
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 15 28 29 26 43 25

Interest payments (long-term) 6 14 19 18 16 17

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 5 6 8 6 7
Public sector 3 5 6 8 6 7
of which: General government 2 4 5 5 5 4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 4 9 12 10 10 11

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 323 574 597 649 677 717
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 189 328 340 366 385 415
Official creditors 156 188 204 219 248 264
Multilateral 101 118 122 130 147 155
of which: World Bank 64 72 72 75 82 84
Bilateral 56 70 82 90 101 109
Private creditors 33 139 137 147 138 151
Bondholders 18 102 95 104 93 99
Commercial banks and others 15 37 41 43 45 52
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 134 246 256 283 292 303
Bondholders 13 15 14 19 26 29
Commercial banks and others 120 231 242 263 265 273
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 20 17 16 17 20 42

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 2 0 0 1 2 -1
Long-term 29 56 27 51 21 44
Official creditors 7 11 18 16 21 20
Multilateral 6 4 5 8 14 11
of which: World Bank 3 1 2 3 5 4
Bilateral 2 6 12 8 7 10
Private creditors 21 45 9 35 -1 24
Bondholders 10 36 -7 13 -4 10
Banks and others 11 9 16 22 3 14
Short-term 13 19 4 5 -4 20
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 31 42 43 48 63 45
Portfolio equity 30 6 -5 14 24 4

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 96 118 112 119 139 117
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 21 21 22 24 22
Debt service to exports (%) 7 11 12 11 16 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 18 18 17 16 17
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 17 16 16 18 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 77 65 59 63 76 74
Gross national income (GNI) 2,048 3,401 3,503 3,628 3,454 4,054
34
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
(US$ billion, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 322 622 665 712 752 790
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 19 21 22 23 41 69
of which: SDR allocations 14 13 12 12 13 35
Long-term external debt 243 524 557 602 627 636
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 161 364 392 427 456 471
Public sector 161 364 392 427 456 471
of which: General government 142 313 334 371 400 420
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 82 160 165 175 172 166
Short-term external debt 59 77 86 87 83 85

Disbursements (long-term) 42 91 90 88 70 79
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 60 64 60 41 50
Public sector 26 60 64 60 41 50
of which: General government 20 52 51 55 36 46
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 15 31 25 28 28 30

Principal repayments (long-term) 13 32 51 48 49 61

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7 17 29 26 24 29
Public sector 7 17 29 26 24 29
of which: General government 4 12 24 19 18 22
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 6 14 21 22 26 32

Interest payments (long-term) 4 14 19 21 19 18

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3 9 12 15 15 14
Public sector 3 9 12 15 15 14
of which: General government 3 8 10 12 13 12
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 1 5 6 7 4 4

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 243 524 557 602 627 636
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 161 364 392 427 456 471
Official creditors 105 192 203 220 246 254
Multilateral 59 105 111 125 144 150
of which: World Bank 34 61 65 74 86 91
Bilateral 46 86 92 95 102 104
Private creditors 57 172 189 207 210 216
Bondholders 32 106 116 137 138 145
Commercial banks and others 24 66 73 70 72 71
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 82 160 165 175 172 166
Bondholders 9 11 11 12 9 11
Commercial banks and others 73 149 154 163 163 155
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 19 21 22 23 41 69

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 1 1 2 1 17 6
Long-term 28 59 39 41 20 18
Official creditors 10 19 16 18 17 14
Multilateral 6 12 10 14 14 11
of which: World Bank 4 6 6 9 9 7
Bilateral 3 7 6 4 4 3
Private creditors 19 40 24 23 3 4
Bondholders 6 19 12 19 -3 10
Banks and others 12 21 12 3 6 -5
Short-term 7 6 6 1 -3 5
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 23 19 16 18 20 64
Portfolio equity 16 12 3 -5 -3 -27

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 79 160 153 165 212 179
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 38 40 42 46 43
Debt service to exports (%) 5 13 17 17 20 19
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 18 12 13 12 11 11
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 17 17 18 19 19
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 48 26 25 22 19 15
Gross national income (GNI) 1,342 1,624 1,644 1,710 1,635 1,832
35
AFGHANISTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,436 2,752 2,679 2,662 3,040 3,531
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 355 285 275 277 629 1,185
of which: SDR allocations 239 221 216 215 224 652
Long-term external debt 1,976 1,998 1,970 1,965 1,976 1,926
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,976 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 1,908
Public sector 1,976 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 1,908
of which: General government 1,976 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 1,908
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 16 22 21 18 18
Short-term external debt 105 470 434 420 435 420

Disbursements (long-term) 76 3 16 29 0 ..
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 76 3 16 29 0 ..
Public sector 76 3 16 29 0 ..
of which: General government 76 3 16 29 0 ..
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 1 27 31 31 26 14

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1 23 25 25 22 14
Public sector 1 23 25 25 22 14
of which: General government 1 23 25 25 22 14
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 4 6 6 5 ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 9 9 9 8 5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 8 8 7 7 5
Public sector 8 8 8 7 7 5
of which: General government 8 8 8 7 7 5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 1 1 1 ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,976 1,998 1,970 1,965 1,976 1,926
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,976 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 1,908
Official creditors 1,976 1,982 1,949 1,944 1,958 1,908
Multilateral 1,016 1,023 983 955 968 919
of which: World Bank 406 364 348 338 344 329
Bilateral 959 959 965 989 991 989
Private creditors 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 16 22 21 18 18
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 16 22 21 18 18
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 355 285 275 277 629 1,185

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 9 -8 -4 4 329 142
Long-term 75 -24 -14 -2 -26 -14
Official creditors 75 -19 -8 3 -21 -14
Multilateral 75 -19 -15 -20 -21 -14
of which: World Bank 8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -6
Bilateral 0 0 7 23 -1 ..
Private creditors .. -4 -6 -6 -5 ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. -4 -6 -6 -5 ..
Short-term 37 80 -68 -44 -10 -17
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 191 52 119 23 13 21
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 89 189 141 142 177 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 14 15 14 15 ..
Debt service to exports (%) 0 4 3 3 3 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 17 16 16 14 12
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 37 37 36 32 26
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 171 261 273 279 277 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 15,885 19,000 18,241 19,098 20,305 ..
36
ALBANIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,437 9,801 9,651 9,275 10,477 11,086
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 129 489 470 448 627 734
of which: SDR allocations 72 66 65 64 67 252
Long-term external debt 4,564 7,421 7,277 8,220 9,180 9,395
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,210 4,335 4,334 4,160 4,896 5,292
Public sector 3,210 4,335 4,334 4,160 4,896 5,292
of which: General government 2,854 4,051 4,022 3,877 4,502 5,037
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,354 3,085 2,942 4,060 4,284 4,103
Short-term external debt 743 1,892 1,904 607 670 957

Disbursements (long-term) 866 776 1,037 457 1,162 1,520

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 631 421 699 207 880 1,223
Public sector 631 421 699 207 880 1,223
of which: General government 613 420 560 202 774 1,211
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 235 355 338 250 283 298

Principal repayments (long-term) 250 407 922 498 948 693

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 174 222 554 263 537 369
Public sector 174 222 554 263 537 369
of which: General government 146 198 456 234 511 245
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 76 185 368 234 410 323

Interest payments (long-term) 110 96 147 112 146 115

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 66 83 119 95 96 102
Public sector 66 83 119 95 96 102
of which: General government 59 80 114 92 92 92
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 44 12 28 17 50 13

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,564 7,421 7,277 8,220 9,180 9,395
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,210 4,335 4,334 4,160 4,896 5,292
Official creditors 2,175 2,984 3,037 3,004 3,254 3,411
Multilateral 1,521 2,279 2,362 2,338 2,547 2,639
of which: World Bank 875 1,300 1,301 1,330 1,418 1,409
Bilateral 654 705 675 666 708 773
Private creditors 1,035 1,351 1,298 1,156 1,642 1,880
Bondholders 477 696 718 642 1,116 1,430
Commercial banks and others 558 656 580 514 526 451
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,354 3,085 2,942 4,060 4,284 4,103
Bondholders 69 192 329 306 284 266
Commercial banks and others 1,285 2,894 2,614 3,754 4,000 3,837
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 129 489 470 448 627 734

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -12 77 -7 -20 155 -63
Long-term 616 369 116 -40 215 827
Official creditors 111 243 137 -1 69 336
Multilateral 103 240 148 1 71 222
of which: World Bank 18 226 40 44 4 64
Bilateral 8 3 -11 -2 -1 114
Private creditors 506 126 -22 -39 146 492
Bondholders 444 43 108 -20 263 537
Banks and others 61 83 -130 -19 -118 -46
Short-term 63 245 12 -1,297 63 287
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,052 1,073 1,271 1,252 1,117 1,248
Portfolio equity 7 -12 -3 7 -8 -1

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 147 213 184 175 272 182
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 46 75 64 61 70 62
Debt service to exports (%) 10 11 21 12 30 15
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 19 20 7 6 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 23 24 25 24 24
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 45 36 40 39 44 49
Gross national income (GNI) 11,808 13,051 15,138 15,200 14,882 18,010
37
ALGERIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,253 5,707 5,710 5,492 5,178 7,379
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,845 1,706 1,666 1,657 1,726 4,306
of which: SDR allocations 1,845 1,706 1,666 1,657 1,726 4,306
Long-term external debt 3,630 1,904 1,725 1,571 1,669 1,476
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,662 1,716 1,523 1,398 1,436 1,240
Public sector 2,521 1,713 1,521 1,397 1,436 1,240
of which: General government 927 1,366 1,268 1,205 1,278 1,131
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 141 3 2 1 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 968 188 202 173 232 236
Short-term external debt 1,778 2,096 2,319 2,264 1,784 1,597

Disbursements (long-term) 42 11 44 33 98 70
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 1 0 0 0 0
Public sector 40 1 0 0 0 0
of which: General government 31 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 2 11 44 33 98 70

Principal repayments (long-term) 557 176 151 118 119 147

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 324 140 122 93 77 101
Public sector 291 139 121 92 77 100
of which: General government 31 41 40 36 28 62
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 33 1 1 1 1 0
Private sector not guaranteed 234 36 29 25 41 46

Interest payments (long-term) 95 31 29 25 23 22

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 64 27 26 23 22 22
Public sector 64 27 26 23 22 22
of which: General government 13 20 21 20 20 20
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 31 4 3 2 1 1

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,630 1,904 1,725 1,571 1,669 1,476
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,662 1,716 1,523 1,398 1,436 1,240
Official creditors 1,986 1,682 1,512 1,393 1,433 1,239
Multilateral 10 1,079 1,031 1,007 1,095 984
of which: World Bank 9 0 .. .. .. ..
Bilateral 1,976 603 481 386 338 256
Private creditors 676 34 11 6 3 1
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 676 34 11 6 3 1
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 968 188 202 173 232 236
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 968 188 202 173 232 236
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,845 1,706 1,666 1,657 1,726 4,306

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -516 -165 -107 -85 -21 -76
Official creditors -129 -97 -99 -88 -75 -98
Multilateral -2 -1 0 0 0 -35
of which: World Bank -1 -1 .. .. .. ..
Bilateral -126 -96 -99 -88 -75 -63
Private creditors -387 -68 -8 3 54 22
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -387 -68 -8 3 54 22
Short-term 286 110 223 -55 -481 -187
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 2,315 1,231 1,440 1,364 1,068 835
Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 11 14 13 14 20 17
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 5 3 3 3 4 5
Debt service to exports (%) 1 1 0 0 1 0
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 25 37 41 41 34 22
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 19 18 18 21 13
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 2,242 1,710 1,405 1,152 944 624
Gross national income (GNI) 160,762 167,559 170,507 167,568 142,065 163,926
38
ANGOLA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 26,796 59,758 63,802 64,776 67,529 67,277
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,302 389 1,374 1,861 2,992 5,872
of which: SDR allocations 420 389 380 378 393 1,375
Long-term external debt 20,926 55,662 59,596 59,652 58,160 55,281
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,662 42,921 48,095 47,616 47,386 46,740
Public sector 15,662 42,921 48,095 47,616 47,386 46,740
of which: General government 7,069 28,251 33,881 35,007 35,289 34,844
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 5,264 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 8,541
Short-term external debt 4,568 3,708 2,832 3,263 6,377 6,124

Disbursements (long-term) 6,714 7,412 12,182 8,905 3,950 6,194

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,082 7,412 12,182 8,105 3,950 6,194
Public sector 4,082 7,412 12,182 8,105 3,950 6,194
of which: General government 585 6,152 9,882 7,105 2,450 4,894
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,632 .. .. 801 .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 2,639 7,391 8,144 8,811 5,816 8,985

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,113 6,823 6,905 8,544 4,555 6,752
Public sector 2,113 6,823 6,905 8,544 4,555 6,752
of which: General government 534 2,753 4,154 5,940 2,540 5,251
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 526 568 1,239 267 1,261 2,233

Interest payments (long-term) 257 1,676 2,809 2,949 2,590 2,232

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 177 1,361 2,408 2,550 2,408 2,129
Public sector 177 1,361 2,408 2,550 2,408 2,129
of which: General government 77 934 1,627 1,843 1,819 1,672
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 80 315 401 399 182 103

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 20,926 55,662 59,596 59,652 58,160 55,281
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,662 42,921 48,095 47,616 47,386 46,740
Official creditors 4,746 9,280 10,461 9,644 9,926 10,636
Multilateral 445 2,239 2,268 2,847 3,069 3,858
of which: World Bank 378 1,025 1,042 1,636 1,746 2,481
Bilateral 4,301 7,041 8,193 6,796 6,857 6,777
Private creditors 10,916 33,641 37,633 37,973 37,460 36,104
Bondholders .. 2,500 6,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Commercial banks and others 10,916 31,141 31,633 29,973 29,460 28,104
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,264 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 8,541
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 5,264 12,741 11,502 12,036 10,774 8,541
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,302 389 1,374 1,861 2,992 5,872

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 524 -30 1,012 495 1,019 2,007
Long-term 4,074 21 4,038 95 -1,866 -2,790
Official creditors 70 11 1,193 -816 110 597
Multilateral 3 184 44 585 201 808
of which: World Bank -1 55 31 600 89 751
Bilateral 67 -173 1,148 -1,402 -91 -210
Private creditors 4,004 10 2,846 911 -1,977 -3,388
Bondholders .. .. 3,500 2,000 0 0
Banks and others 4,004 10 -654 -1,089 -1,977 -3,388
Short-term 1,992 -685 -863 440 3,112 -251
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 3,326 -7,293 -7,104 -4,739 -1,980 -4,604
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 52 167 153 181 314 198
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 92 89 103 138 101
Debt service to exports (%) 6 26 26 33 40 33
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 6 4 5 9 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 2 4 4 4 5 6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 73 29 24 25 20 22
Gross national income (GNI) 73,815 64,734 71,783 63,043 49,106 66,834
39
ARGENTINA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 126,642 225,925 277,827 280,685 255,558 246,307
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 3,111 2,877 30,923 46,924 48,874 48,055
of which: SDR allocations 3,111 2,877 2,809 2,793 2,909 7,103
Long-term external debt 107,119 167,542 179,134 166,744 164,078 154,278
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69,184 128,247 135,603 121,319 118,035 114,750
Public sector 69,075 128,247 135,603 121,297 118,013 114,750
of which: General government 66,419 127,653 135,171 120,792 117,764 114,670
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 109 0 0 22 22 0
Private sector not guaranteed 37,934 39,295 43,531 45,425 46,042 39,527
Short-term external debt 16,413 55,507 67,770 67,016 42,607 43,974

Disbursements (long-term) 6,923 61,802 66,555 25,171 23,155 14,562

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,623 41,047 48,369 11,559 12,326 4,906
Public sector 2,623 41,047 48,369 11,537 12,326 4,906
of which: General government 2,623 41,047 48,369 11,351 12,326 4,906
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. 22 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 4,300 20,755 18,186 13,612 10,830 9,656

Principal repayments (long-term) 11,690 25,519 28,202 29,842 21,686 16,661

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,035 17,821 15,787 19,296 8,200 4,473
Public sector 6,017 17,821 15,787 19,296 8,200 4,450
of which: General government 5,764 17,723 15,698 19,210 7,956 4,313
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 18 .. .. .. 0 22
Private sector not guaranteed 5,655 7,698 12,415 10,546 13,485 12,189

Interest payments (long-term) 3,789 13,900 13,385 11,498 5,608 3,308

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,700 12,433 10,996 8,883 2,484 1,290
Public sector 2,700 12,433 10,996 8,883 2,484 1,290
of which: General government 2,597 12,401 10,966 8,855 2,465 1,288
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 1,089 1,467 2,389 2,615 3,124 2,019

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 107,119 167,542 179,134 166,744 164,078 154,278
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 69,184 128,247 135,603 121,319 118,035 114,750
Official creditors 22,874 28,266 29,058 29,113 30,260 31,412
Multilateral 17,016 21,342 23,005 23,879 25,301 27,107
of which: World Bank 5,349 6,327 6,879 7,128 7,721 8,517
Bilateral 5,859 6,924 6,053 5,235 4,959 4,305
Private creditors 46,310 99,980 106,545 92,206 87,775 83,339
Bondholders 44,344 98,095 105,287 91,240 86,537 82,219
Commercial banks and others 1,966 1,886 1,258 966 1,238 1,119
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 37,934 39,295 43,531 45,425 46,042 39,527
Bondholders 7,855 15,799 15,933 15,378 15,742 15,354
Commercial banks and others 30,080 23,496 27,598 30,047 30,300 24,173
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 3,111 2,877 30,923 46,924 48,874 48,055

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. 28,623 16,166 0 -3,780
Long-term -4,767 36,284 38,353 -4,671 1,470 -2,099
Official creditors 557 1,346 879 82 976 1,263
Multilateral 784 1,066 1,669 880 1,426 1,806
of which: World Bank 46 239 557 249 594 796
Bilateral -227 280 -790 -797 -450 -543
Private creditors -5,324 34,938 37,473 -4,754 494 -3,363
Bondholders -2,666 28,088 33,580 -6,769 2,437 -1,653
Banks and others -2,658 6,850 3,893 2,016 -1,943 -1,710
Short-term 2,465 17,471 12,149 -721 -24,755 1,436
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 7,826 9,095 10,293 6,482 3,951 5,753
Portfolio equity -71 3,013 -508 86 -520 1

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 289 333 325 373 274
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 36 55 65 67 51
Debt service to exports (%) 19 52 52 51 43 29
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 25 24 24 17 18
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 9 8 9 10 11
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 23 23 15 14 15
Gross national income (GNI) 409,192 627,201 506,094 435,009 379,419 481,548
40
ARMENIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 6,307 10,228 10,726 11,884 12,600 13,818
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 876 530 451 375 646 735
of which: SDR allocations 136 125 122 122 127 296
Long-term external debt 4,775 8,810 9,141 9,915 10,352 11,560
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,560 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 6,263
Public sector 2,560 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 6,263
of which: General government 2,544 5,015 5,151 5,438 5,385 5,975
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,216 3,583 3,770 4,262 4,735 5,296
Short-term external debt 656 889 1,134 1,595 1,603 1,524

Disbursements (long-term) 1,734 1,501 1,678 2,377 1,827 2,950

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 198 677 347 867 129 1,009
Public sector 198 677 347 867 129 1,009
of which: General government 198 588 321 854 101 912
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,536 824 1,331 1,510 1,698 1,941

Principal repayments (long-term) 857 1,117 1,282 1,586 1,538 1,626

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24 91 138 568 313 246
Public sector 24 91 138 568 313 246
of which: General government 24 85 125 550 291 217
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 833 1,026 1,144 1,018 1,225 1,380

Interest payments (long-term) 60 238 269 362 320 333

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 140 162 189 167 145
Public sector 35 140 162 189 167 145
of which: General government 35 136 156 183 161 140
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 25 98 107 174 152 188

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,775 8,810 9,141 9,915 10,352 11,560
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,560 5,228 5,371 5,652 5,616 6,263
Official creditors 2,556 4,163 4,310 4,496 4,555 4,460
Multilateral 1,513 3,237 3,278 3,352 3,401 3,334
of which: World Bank 1,267 1,810 1,798 1,824 1,830 1,763
Bilateral 1,042 927 1,032 1,144 1,154 1,125
Private creditors 4 1,064 1,061 1,156 1,061 1,803
Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,098 1,000 1,750
Commercial banks and others 4 64 61 59 61 53
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,216 3,583 3,770 4,262 4,735 5,296
Bondholders .. .. .. .. 300 300
Commercial banks and others 2,216 3,583 3,770 4,262 4,435 4,996
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 876 530 451 375 646 735

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 163 -29 -68 -73 247 -66
Long-term 877 384 396 792 289 1,324
Official creditors 174 578 208 204 -84 34
Multilateral 110 301 87 86 -36 0
of which: World Bank 73 5 14 31 -37 -36
Bilateral 65 277 122 118 -48 34
Private creditors 703 -193 188 588 373 1,291
Bondholders .. 0 0 98 202 733
Banks and others 703 -193 188 490 171 558
Short-term 127 -183 245 461 8 -79
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 361 70 303 -24 54 393
Portfolio equity 7 -3 0 -5 1 2

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 193 188 184 176 295 255
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 65 86 85 86 101 103
Debt service to exports (%) 30 26 29 31 46 38
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 9 11 13 13 11
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 32 31 28 27 24
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 23 21 24 21 23
Gross national income (GNI) 9,719 11,933 12,658 13,798 12,445 13,469
41
AZERBAIJAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,251 15,301 16,211 15,843 15,812 14,645
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 282 219 214 212 221 740
of which: SDR allocations 237 219 214 212 221 740
Long-term external debt 5,970 14,407 15,428 15,014 15,138 13,904
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,812 12,470 13,956 13,979 14,000 13,020
Public sector 3,812 12,470 13,956 13,979 14,000 13,020
of which: General government 2,490 8,052 7,540 7,776 7,568 7,100
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,158 1,937 1,471 1,035 1,138 884
Short-term external debt 999 675 570 617 452 0

Disbursements (long-term) 2,643 2,886 3,269 1,270 1,111 616

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 729 2,822 3,250 1,266 584 575
Public sector 729 2,822 3,250 1,266 584 575
of which: General government 569 1,104 902 767 308 523
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,914 64 19 4 527 42

Principal repayments (long-term) 305 1,771 2,122 1,644 1,293 1,568

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 233 1,262 1,639 1,198 861 1,272
Public sector 233 1,262 1,639 1,198 861 1,272
of which: General government 72 510 1,384 523 571 941
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 72 509 483 447 432 296

Interest payments (long-term) 78 443 538 496 540 411

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 65 326 446 429 482 370
Public sector 65 326 446 429 482 370
of which: General government 39 201 252 257 243 191
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 13 117 91 66 58 41

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,970 14,407 15,428 15,014 15,138 13,904
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,812 12,470 13,956 13,979 14,000 13,020
Official creditors 2,646 6,662 6,885 7,318 7,233 6,691
Multilateral 1,758 5,569 5,789 6,084 5,897 5,496
of which: World Bank 1,063 2,665 2,538 2,395 2,098 1,681
Bilateral 888 1,093 1,096 1,234 1,337 1,195
Private creditors 1,166 5,809 7,071 6,661 6,767 6,330
Bondholders .. 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750 3,750
Commercial banks and others 1,166 2,059 3,321 2,911 3,017 2,580
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,158 1,937 1,471 1,035 1,138 884
Bondholders .. .. .. .. 500 500
Commercial banks and others 2,158 1,937 1,471 1,035 638 384
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 282 219 214 212 221 740

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -15 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 2,337 1,115 1,147 -374 -182 -952
Official creditors 325 901 246 433 -183 -425
Multilateral 315 914 245 302 -220 -376
of which: World Bank 137 435 -116 -140 -310 -410
Bilateral 11 -13 0 130 37 -48
Private creditors 2,012 214 901 -807 1 -527
Bondholders .. 500 .. .. 500 ..
Banks and others 2,012 -286 901 -807 -499 -527
Short-term 404 -721 -105 47 -165 -452
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 3,353 2,867 1,403 1,504 507 -1,708
Portfolio equity 1 0 0 19 75 117

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 25 72 60 63 93 54
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 39 36 34 37 27
Debt service to exports (%) 1 11 10 9 11 7
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 4 4 4 3 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 36 36 38 37 38
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 88 44 41 44 48 57
Gross national income (GNI) 49,741 39,321 44,854 46,319 42,423 53,304
42
BANGLADESH
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 26,572 51,041 57,089 62,427 73,507 91,429
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,403 1,625 1,536 1,414 2,109 3,301
of which: SDR allocations 786 727 710 706 735 2,145
Long-term external debt 22,222 38,651 46,523 51,276 60,412 70,040
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21,146 35,256 41,285 46,376 54,787 62,425
Public sector 21,146 35,256 41,285 46,376 54,787 62,425
of which: General government 21,145 30,441 35,778 40,476 48,423 53,742
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,076 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 7,615
Short-term external debt 2,947 10,765 9,029 9,737 10,986 18,088

Disbursements (long-term) 1,355 5,635 9,851 9,317 10,217 13,775

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 968 4,857 7,156 6,204 7,928 9,365
Public sector 968 4,857 7,156 6,204 7,928 9,365
of which: General government 968 4,714 6,978 6,009 7,695 8,444
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 388 778 2,696 3,113 2,289 4,410

Principal repayments (long-term) 821 1,468 2,033 4,681 2,871 4,207

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 724 993 1,180 1,250 1,307 1,787
Public sector 724 993 1,180 1,250 1,307 1,787
of which: General government 724 974 1,142 1,213 1,270 1,488
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 97 475 853 3,431 1,565 2,420

Interest payments (long-term) 203 553 641 808 863 1,088

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 195 495 528 657 707 985
Public sector 195 495 528 657 707 985
of which: General government 195 348 361 477 515 540
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 8 59 113 152 155 102

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 22,222 38,651 46,523 51,276 60,412 70,040
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 21,146 35,256 41,285 46,376 54,787 62,425
Official creditors 21,129 31,399 36,761 41,558 49,474 57,040
Multilateral 18,463 23,885 25,393 27,691 31,137 33,338
of which: World Bank 10,653 13,621 14,501 15,788 17,572 17,832
Bilateral 2,666 7,514 11,368 13,866 18,337 23,701
Private creditors 16 3,857 4,525 4,818 5,313 5,386
Bondholders .. 1,271 1,433 1,569 1,736 1,675
Commercial banks and others 16 2,586 3,092 3,249 3,577 3,710
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,076 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 7,615
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,076 3,395 5,238 4,901 5,625 7,615
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,403 1,625 1,536 1,414 2,109 3,301

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -45 -13 -52 -114 616 -182
Long-term 534 4,167 7,818 4,636 7,346 9,569
Official creditors 253 3,753 5,818 4,821 6,458 7,528
Multilateral 352 1,580 1,954 2,357 2,549 2,953
of which: World Bank 83 1,020 1,219 1,387 1,101 783
Bilateral -99 2,174 3,864 2,464 3,908 4,575
Private creditors 282 413 2,000 -185 888 2,041
Bondholders .. 114 162 136 167 -84
Banks and others 282 299 1,839 -321 721 2,125
Short-term 1,014 2,930 -1,736 708 1,249 7,102
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 885 1,477 1,242 1,305 1,370 1,309
Portfolio equity -54 258 -33 -70 -355 -270

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 122 130 128 138 190 184
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 17 17 17 19 21
Debt service to exports (%) 5 6 7 13 10 11
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 21 16 16 15 20
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 69 47 44 44 42 36
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 40 64 55 51 58 50
Gross national income (GNI) 124,617 303,897 334,231 365,626 389,379 438,175
43
BELARUS
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 28,412 39,584 38,768 40,734 41,792 41,654
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,063 525 513 510 531 1,430
of which: SDR allocations 568 525 513 510 531 1,430
Long-term external debt 12,486 29,335 28,729 30,026 31,180 29,859
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,014 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 19,979
Public sector 8,014 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 19,979
of which: General government 6,554 16,727 16,894 17,132 18,573 18,143
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 4,471 8,346 8,741 10,514 10,910 9,880
Short-term external debt 11,864 9,725 9,526 10,199 10,082 10,365

Disbursements (long-term) 3,810 5,811 3,743 4,106 4,099 1,691

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,679 4,349 2,673 1,996 3,533 1,691
Public sector 2,679 4,349 2,673 1,996 3,533 1,691
of which: General government 2,562 4,039 2,367 1,656 3,157 1,187
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,132 1,462 1,070 2,111 566 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,265 3,030 4,130 2,900 2,881 2,968

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 463 1,680 3,455 2,563 2,712 1,938
Public sector 463 1,680 3,455 2,563 2,712 1,938
of which: General government 116 1,029 1,998 1,512 1,630 1,610
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 802 1,350 675 338 169 1,030

Interest payments (long-term) 208 1,110 1,288 1,307 1,282 1,240

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 128 868 1,022 1,015 892 853
Public sector 128 868 1,022 1,015 892 853
of which: General government 107 688 789 817 765 785
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 80 241 265 292 391 387

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 12,486 29,335 28,729 30,026 31,180 29,859
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,014 20,988 19,988 19,511 20,270 19,979
Official creditors 5,729 15,974 16,495 16,595 16,710 16,437
Multilateral 295 3,942 3,810 3,480 3,595 3,678
of which: World Bank 291 822 905 948 955 1,002
Bilateral 5,434 12,032 12,685 13,115 13,115 12,759
Private creditors 2,286 5,014 3,493 2,916 3,560 3,543
Bondholders 1,019 2,200 2,000 2,162 3,521 3,519
Commercial banks and others 1,266 2,814 1,493 755 39 23
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,471 8,346 8,741 10,514 10,910 9,880
Bondholders .. .. .. .. 368 367
Commercial banks and others 4,471 8,346 8,741 10,514 10,542 9,512
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,063 525 513 510 531 1,430

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 668 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 2,545 2,780 -388 1,206 1,218 -1,277
Official creditors 1,470 1,812 727 15 151 -234
Multilateral 34 563 -124 -329 82 134
of which: World Bank 36 98 83 39 -10 68
Bilateral 1,437 1,249 851 344 69 -368
Private creditors 1,075 968 -1,115 1,191 1,067 -1,043
Bondholders 1,000 1,400 -200 154 1,759 0
Banks and others 75 -432 -915 1,036 -692 -1,043
Short-term 2,786 -897 -199 672 -112 283
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,348 1,068 1,390 1,093 1,308 1,053
Portfolio equity 1 6 4 7 1 -4

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 95 106 89 94 110 83
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 75 67 65 72 63
Debt service to exports (%) 6 12 13 10 11 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 42 25 25 25 24 25
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 10 10 9 9 9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12 14 13 17 11 13
Gross national income (GNI) 56,060 52,671 57,861 62,499 57,862 65,619
44
BELIZE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,304 1,339 1,349 1,378 1,526 1,450
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 35 25 25 25 26 61
of which: SDR allocations 28 25 25 25 26 61
Long-term external debt 1,262 1,309 1,320 1,349 1,492 1,380
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,019 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 1,276
Public sector 1,019 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 1,276
of which: General government 1,001 1,215 1,226 1,244 1,363 1,219
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 243 78 61 63 84 103
Short-term external debt 7 5 4 4 8 10

Disbursements (long-term) 39 107 77 79 153 482

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32 98 71 70 146 458
Public sector 32 98 71 70 146 458
of which: General government 32 91 53 60 141 442
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7 9 6 9 7 24

Principal repayments (long-term) 69 57 65 50 45 599

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 44 42 44 43 597
Public sector 49 44 42 44 43 597
of which: General government 42 44 41 41 42 593
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 20 12 22 6 2 2

Interest payments (long-term) 58 48 49 54 34 19

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 42 43 50 32 17
Public sector 47 42 43 50 32 17
of which: General government 46 41 43 48 30 14
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 11 6 6 4 2 3

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,262 1,309 1,320 1,349 1,492 1,380
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,019 1,231 1,260 1,286 1,408 1,276
Official creditors 425 679 706 734 821 872
Multilateral 254 336 348 368 429 485
of which: World Bank 13 16 19 19 28 38
Bilateral 171 344 358 366 392 387
Private creditors 594 552 554 552 587 404
Bondholders 21 527 527 527 563 17
Commercial banks and others 573 25 27 25 24 387
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 243 78 61 63 84 103
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 243 78 61 63 84 103
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 35 25 25 25 26 61

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -30 50 13 28 108 -117
Official creditors -7 28 27 28 87 51
Multilateral 4 18 13 19 61 57
of which: World Bank -5 0 2 0 9 10
Bilateral -11 10 14 8 26 -6
Private creditors -23 22 -14 0 21 -168
Bondholders .. .. .. .. 17 -553
Banks and others -23 22 -14 0 3 385
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 94 32 122 94 76 130
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 156 129 125 124 211 138
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 104 78 78 77 100 85
Debt service to exports (%) 15 10 11 9 11 59
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 1 1
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 25 26 27 28 33
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 17 23 22 20 23 29
Gross national income (GNI) 1,249 1,720 1,731 1,782 1,527 1,706
45
BENIN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,596 2,799 3,590 3,920 5,304 6,864
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 146 226 245 267 563 699
of which: SDR allocations 91 84 82 82 85 249
Long-term external debt 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
Public sector 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
of which: General government 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 339 62 46 50 283 336

Disbursements (long-term) 175 390 1,061 761 672 2,289

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 175 390 1,061 761 672 2,289
Public sector 175 390 1,061 761 672 2,289
of which: General government 175 390 1,061 761 672 2,289
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 26 54 170 416 99 621

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 54 170 416 99 621
Public sector 26 54 170 416 99 621
of which: General government 26 54 170 416 99 621
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 13 33 40 77 111 105

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13 33 40 77 111 105
Public sector 13 33 40 77 111 105
of which: General government 13 33 40 77 111 105
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,112 2,511 3,299 3,603 4,459 5,828
Official creditors 1,112 2,470 2,484 2,539 3,199 3,327
Multilateral 937 2,050 2,032 2,100 2,672 2,718
of which: World Bank 383 914 984 1,082 1,309 1,369
Bilateral 175 420 452 439 528 609
Private creditors .. 41 815 1,064 1,259 2,501
Bondholders .. .. .. 557 614 1,898
Commercial banks and others .. 41 815 508 646 603
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 146 226 245 267 563 699

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 16 28 24 24 275 -14
Long-term 149 336 892 345 573 1,668
Official creditors 149 297 91 82 483 269
Multilateral 137 249 42 88 422 188
of which: World Bank 78 102 93 104 162 121
Bilateral 12 48 49 -6 61 81
Private creditors .. 39 801 263 90 1,399
Bondholders .. .. .. 555 5 1,392
Banks and others .. 39 801 -291 85 7
Short-term 134 9 -15 38 233 54
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment -26 44 -14 102 101 242
Portfolio equity 5 18 0 -8 0 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 93 82 91 106 143 172
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 22 25 28 34 39
Debt service to exports (%) 3 3 6 14 6 19
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 2 1 1 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 59 73 57 54 50 40
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 75 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 9,482 12,561 14,106 14,248 15,489 17,600
46
BHUTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 935 2,608 2,552 2,704 3,037 3,069
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 9 9 8 8 9 36
of which: SDR allocations 9 9 8 8 9 36
Long-term external debt 919 2,596 2,539 2,668 3,027 3,031
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 919 2,541 2,484 2,616 2,985 2,987
Public sector 919 2,541 2,484 2,616 2,985 2,987
of which: General government 852 2,431 2,384 2,505 2,877 2,881
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 56 55 51 41 44
Short-term external debt 6 3 4 28 1 3

Disbursements (long-term) 178 220 168 198 408 139

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 178 220 168 198 408 136
Public sector 178 220 168 198 408 136
of which: General government 178 220 168 185 408 136
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 1 .. 3

Principal repayments (long-term) 47 46 51 28 37 73

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 42 51 24 27 73
Public sector 47 42 51 24 27 73
of which: General government 47 42 51 24 27 72
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 5 1 5 10 ..

Interest payments (long-term) 41 36 36 32 21 45

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41 34 34 31 20 43
Public sector 41 34 34 31 20 43
of which: General government 37 29 29 23 14 38
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 2 2 1 1 2

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 919 2,596 2,539 2,668 3,027 3,031
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 919 2,541 2,484 2,616 2,985 2,987
Official creditors 899 2,505 2,455 2,592 2,964 2,971
Multilateral 330 532 563 646 789 830
of which: World Bank 112 219 244 271 337 353
Bilateral 568 1,973 1,892 1,946 2,174 2,141
Private creditors 21 35 29 24 22 16
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 21 35 29 24 22 16
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 56 55 51 41 44
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 56 55 51 41 44
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 9 9 8 8 9 36

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 131 174 117 170 371 66
Official creditors 115 183 122 179 385 68
Multilateral 44 48 41 85 118 60
of which: World Bank 0 30 30 29 52 26
Bilateral 72 134 81 93 267 8
Private creditors 16 -9 -5 -9 -15 -2
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 16 -9 -5 -9 -15 -2
Short-term 1 3 1 23 -26 1
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 20 -1 3 13 -1 7
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 154 349 311 332 372 402
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 117 115 117 140 ..
Debt service to exports (%) 14 11 11 8 7 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 1 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 35 20 22 24 26 27
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 107 46 39 45 48 33
Gross national income (GNI) 1,460 2,238 2,227 2,306 2,173 ..
47
BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL STATE OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,777 12,990 13,248 14,301 15,420 15,964
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 253 234 228 227 582 552
of which: SDR allocations 253 234 228 227 236 552
Long-term external debt 5,187 12,486 12,317 13,437 14,260 14,653
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,830 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,877 12,281
Public sector 2,829 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,877 12,281
of which: General government 2,563 9,126 9,884 10,982 11,861 12,268
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,358 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 2,372
Short-term external debt 336 270 703 637 577 759

Disbursements (long-term) 548 2,661 1,373 1,741 1,445 1,226

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 518 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,244 1,226
Public sector 517 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,244 1,226
of which: General government 453 2,390 1,198 1,514 1,244 1,226
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 30 271 176 227 201 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 569 688 640 658 764 772

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 247 331 360 412 458 761
Public sector 247 331 360 412 458 761
of which: General government 241 328 356 409 456 758
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 322 357 280 246 306 11

Interest payments (long-term) 76 283 346 400 391 332

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 250 316 371 363 307
Public sector 54 250 316 371 363 307
of which: General government 51 250 316 371 363 306
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 22 33 30 28 29 26

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,187 12,486 12,317 13,437 14,260 14,653
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,830 9,151 9,905 11,000 11,877 12,281
Official creditors 2,806 7,141 7,897 8,959 9,818 10,181
Multilateral 2,285 6,156 6,710 7,467 8,248 8,631
of which: World Bank 355 830 847 927 1,300 1,416
Bilateral 521 985 1,187 1,492 1,569 1,550
Private creditors 24 2,010 2,008 2,041 2,060 2,100
Bondholders .. 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Commercial banks and others 24 10 8 41 60 100
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,358 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 2,372
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,358 3,336 2,412 2,437 2,383 2,372
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 253 234 228 227 582 552

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 334 -342
Long-term -21 1,973 733 1,083 681 454
Official creditors 338 1,060 840 1,070 771 418
Multilateral 305 826 613 756 748 412
of which: World Bank 44 19 37 84 344 137
Bilateral 33 235 227 314 23 6
Private creditors -359 913 -106 13 -90 35
Bondholders .. 1,000 0 0 0 0
Banks and others -359 -87 -106 13 -90 35
Short-term 32 -205 433 -66 -60 182
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 774 706 220 -190 -1,121 593
Portfolio equity 0 30 24 13 -2 4

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 83 133 125 137 206 139
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 36 34 36 43 41
Debt service to exports (%) 9 10 10 10 16 13
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 2 5 4 4 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 40 47 51 52 53 54
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 141 65 54 31 17 14
Gross national income (GNI) 18,761 36,399 39,312 40,048 36,213 39,358
48
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 14,289 13,029 12,936 12,703 13,866 12,986
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 769 592 466 398 796 1,115
of which: SDR allocations 248 229 224 222 232 581
Long-term external debt 12,372 12,151 9,502 9,500 10,081 9,164
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,733 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,207 5,058
Public sector 3,733 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,207 5,058
of which: General government 3,727 4,425 4,523 4,531 4,845 4,989
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0
Private sector not guaranteed 8,638 7,314 4,584 4,624 4,875 4,106
Short-term external debt 1,149 286 2,967 2,805 2,988 2,707

Disbursements (long-term) 566 2,392 4,065 942 1,126 1,229

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 441 310 600 409 403 862
Public sector 441 310 600 409 403 862
of which: General government 441 295 559 391 403 860
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0
Private sector not guaranteed 125 2,082 3,465 533 723 367

Principal repayments (long-term) 373 889 1,034 895 707 1,337

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145 304 340 384 381 410
Public sector 145 304 340 384 381 410
of which: General government 145 286 301 322 368 396
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 227 585 694 512 327 926

Interest payments (long-term) 177 231 122 117 106 87

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 55 63 77 80 82 68
Public sector 55 63 77 80 82 68
of which: General government 55 61 75 77 80 67
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 121 167 46 38 25 19

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 12,372 12,151 9,502 9,500 10,081 9,164
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,733 4,837 4,919 4,876 5,207 5,058
Official creditors 3,255 4,668 4,596 4,590 4,928 4,494
Multilateral 2,416 3,765 3,724 3,737 4,024 3,697
of which: World Bank 1,626 1,572 1,610 1,584 1,670 1,586
Bilateral 840 903 872 853 904 797
Private creditors 478 169 322 286 278 564
Bondholders 273 89 256 231 229 526
Commercial banks and others 204 80 66 55 50 37
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,638 7,314 4,584 4,624 4,875 4,106
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 8,638 7,314 4,584 4,624 4,875 4,106
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 769 592 466 398 796 1,115

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 237 -218 -114 -66 369 -15
Long-term 194 1,503 3,031 47 419 -107
Official creditors 319 59 94 55 53 132
Multilateral 278 27 96 63 58 182
of which: World Bank 123 -36 81 -12 1 -10
Bilateral 41 33 -3 -8 -5 -50
Private creditors -125 1,443 2,937 -8 365 -239
Bondholders -25 -21 176 -21 -21 329
Banks and others -101 1,464 2,761 12 386 -568
Short-term -308 -362 2,682 -162 184 -281
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 149 463 618 362 425 1,315
Portfolio equity 0 5 -2 1 4 -6

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 251 163 140 143 186 123
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 82 73 64 63 70 58
Debt service to exports (%) 10 17 15 12 11 14
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 2 23 22 22 21
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 29 29 29 29 28
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 49 52 56 61 72
Gross national income (GNI) 17,456 17,927 20,060 20,135 19,783 22,360
49
BOTSWANA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,807 1,741 1,782 1,565 1,597 1,982
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 88 82 80 79 83 345
of which: SDR allocations 88 82 80 79 83 345
Long-term external debt 1,358 1,552 1,451 1,346 1,297 1,481
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,358 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 1,466
Public sector 1,358 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 1,466
of which: General government 1,350 1,538 1,447 1,334 1,238 1,386
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 0 12 19 14
Short-term external debt 360 108 251 139 218 156

Disbursements (long-term) 17 12 47 48 90 336

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 12 47 26 74 329
Public sector 17 12 47 26 74 329
of which: General government 17 12 47 26 33 290
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 22 16 7

Principal repayments (long-term) 58 144 144 152 147 145

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 58 144 144 141 138 135
Public sector 58 144 144 141 138 135
of which: General government 54 135 135 137 138 135
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 10 10 10

Interest payments (long-term) 18 29 31 40 32 14

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 29 31 40 31 14
Public sector 18 29 31 40 31 14
of which: General government 17 29 31 40 31 13
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 1 1 0

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,358 1,552 1,451 1,346 1,297 1,481
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,358 1,552 1,451 1,334 1,278 1,466
Official creditors 1,357 1,538 1,447 1,334 1,278 1,466
Multilateral 1,219 1,476 1,389 1,287 1,242 1,443
of which: World Bank 11 151 174 172 194 470
Bilateral 138 63 58 47 37 24
Private creditors 1 13 4 0 .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1 13 4 0 .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. 0 12 19 14
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. 0 12 19 14
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 88 82 80 79 83 345

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -41 -132 -97 -104 -57 192
Official creditors -40 -123 -88 -111 -63 195
Multilateral -27 -118 -84 -100 -51 206
of which: World Bank 6 -7 22 -2 22 276
Bilateral -13 -5 -4 -11 -12 -11
Private creditors -1 -9 -9 8 6 -3
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1 -9 -9 8 6 -3
Short-term 202 -271 143 -112 79 -62
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 222 243 164 -172 -178 -183
Portfolio equity -64 -47 -47 35 -19 72

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 32 24 23 24 32 25
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 12 12 10 11 12
Debt service to exports (%) 1 2 2 3 4 2
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 6 14 9 14 8
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67 85 78 82 78 73
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 436 430 374 394 309 242
Gross national income (GNI) 12,147 14,722 15,330 15,820 14,681 16,658
50
BRAZIL
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 352,364 543,000 557,743 568,690 549,263 606,485
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,446 4,112 4,015 3,992 4,158 18,853
of which: SDR allocations 4,446 4,112 4,015 3,992 4,158 18,853
Long-term external debt 282,426 486,480 486,883 485,518 476,122 508,879
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 97,486 181,161 190,193 193,782 194,266 200,522
Public sector 94,425 179,675 189,132 192,792 193,379 198,786
of which: General government 67,300 70,026 70,449 74,612 79,450 78,888
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3,061 1,485 1,061 989 887 1,736
Private sector not guaranteed 184,940 305,320 296,690 291,737 281,856 308,357
Short-term external debt 65,492 52,408 66,844 79,179 68,983 78,753

Disbursements (long-term) 85,379 96,730 105,059 114,564 126,746 156,031

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19,957 30,315 28,810 23,884 39,476 16,624
Public sector 19,063 30,188 28,676 23,698 39,370 15,573
of which: General government 9,155 7,094 4,655 8,922 8,297 7,089
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 894 128 134 186 106 1,051
Private sector not guaranteed 65,422 66,415 76,249 90,680 87,270 139,408

Principal repayments (long-term) 32,026 75,668 74,509 123,460 109,827 125,913

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,628 23,218 28,433 30,501 23,164 13,988
Public sector 9,209 22,718 27,876 30,249 22,954 13,787
of which: General government 7,964 8,450 3,645 4,672 3,461 7,034
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 419 500 557 252 210 201
Private sector not guaranteed 22,398 52,450 46,077 92,958 86,663 111,924

Interest payments (long-term) 13,157 18,467 18,681 25,701 19,055 28,689

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,172 6,696 5,679 11,384 7,763 8,519
Public sector 5,081 6,639 5,630 11,344 7,730 8,476
of which: General government 4,255 3,348 3,186 3,548 2,992 2,793
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 91 57 49 40 33 43
Private sector not guaranteed 7,985 11,771 13,002 14,317 11,292 20,169

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 282,426 486,480 486,883 485,518 476,122 508,879
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 97,486 181,161 190,193 193,782 194,266 200,522
Official creditors 41,553 48,327 47,860 43,216 44,000 43,863
Multilateral 29,980 32,678 33,386 33,266 33,715 34,502
of which: World Bank 13,523 16,390 16,213 16,253 15,682 15,419
Bilateral 11,573 15,650 14,474 9,950 10,285 9,361
Private creditors 55,933 132,833 142,333 150,565 150,266 156,659
Bondholders 46,806 44,874 41,979 43,504 47,885 45,020
Commercial banks and others 9,127 87,959 100,355 107,062 102,381 111,639
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 184,940 305,320 296,690 291,737 281,856 308,357
Bondholders 83,032 48,026 32,686 37,553 35,903 48,157
Commercial banks and others 101,908 257,294 264,004 254,184 245,953 260,200
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,446 4,112 4,015 3,992 4,158 18,853

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 53,353 21,062 30,550 -8,895 16,919 30,119
Official creditors 8,641 7,140 -358 -4,682 508 283
Multilateral 5,049 633 787 -105 516 867
of which: World Bank 3,512 159 -114 43 -569 -262
Bilateral 3,592 6,506 -1,144 -4,577 -8 -584
Private creditors 44,712 13,922 30,907 -4,213 16,412 29,836
Bondholders 29,391 -643 1,287 -524 3,742 9,567
Banks and others 15,321 14,565 29,620 -3,689 12,670 20,269
Short-term 25,706 -4,798 14,440 12,335 -10,196 9,770
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 68,920 63,999 57,322 63,631 33,577 46,470
Portfolio equity 37,671 5,674 -3,062 -1,810 -5,206 5,069

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 141 197 194 199 212 175
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 27 30 31 39 39
Debt service to exports (%) 18 35 33 53 50 45
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 10 12 14 13 13
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 6 6 6 6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 81 68 67 62 64 58
Gross national income (GNI) 2,138,593 2,020,345 1,858,110 1,816,017 1,410,302 1,558,511
51
BULGARIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 50,697 40,989 40,103 40,501 46,906 44,943
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 941 870 850 845 880 2,057
of which: SDR allocations 941 870 850 845 880 2,057
Long-term external debt 34,613 30,583 29,708 29,762 34,151 34,417
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,845 11,630 11,506 11,186 15,486 15,519
Public sector 4,845 11,630 11,506 11,186 15,486 15,519
of which: General government 4,092 10,424 10,419 10,195 14,492 13,896
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 29,768 18,953 18,202 18,576 18,665 18,898
Short-term external debt 15,143 9,536 9,546 9,895 11,876 8,468

Disbursements (long-term) 1,620 5,445 5,052 4,554 7,908 6,158

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 250 312 917 150 3,275 1,486
Public sector 250 312 917 150 3,275 1,486
of which: General government 232 46 892 150 3,275 669
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,370 5,132 4,135 4,405 4,633 4,672

Principal repayments (long-term) 3,550 6,844 5,055 4,286 3,919 4,680

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 268 1,355 300 256 266 261
Public sector 268 1,355 300 256 266 261
of which: General government 186 1,294 203 179 186 184
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,282 5,489 4,754 4,029 3,653 4,418

Interest payments (long-term) 609 1,713 1,388 1,180 1,021 1,166

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 180 304 269 276 280 313
Public sector 180 304 269 276 280 313
of which: General government 160 290 253 261 265 299
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 430 1,408 1,118 904 741 854

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 34,613 30,583 29,708 29,762 34,151 34,417
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,845 11,630 11,506 11,186 15,486 15,519
Official creditors 3,210 3,664 3,209 3,042 3,400 3,685
Multilateral 2,388 3,339 2,962 2,830 3,212 3,549
of which: World Bank 1,338 1,148 831 727 701 575
Bilateral 822 325 247 211 187 136
Private creditors 1,635 7,967 8,297 8,144 12,087 11,834
Bondholders 1,618 7,960 8,286 8,130 11,948 11,708
Commercial banks and others 17 7 11 14 138 127
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 29,768 18,953 18,202 18,576 18,665 18,898
Bondholders 134 1,686 1,405 1,489 1,465 1,546
Commercial banks and others 29,635 17,267 16,797 17,086 17,200 17,351
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 941 870 850 845 880 2,057

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -1,930 -1,399 -2 268 3,988 1,478
Official creditors -12 31 -96 -111 78 516
Multilateral 42 -14 -20 -74 114 552
of which: World Bank -70 -80 -60 -87 -85 -75
Bilateral -53 45 -76 -36 -36 -36
Private creditors -1,919 -1,430 94 379 3,911 962
Bondholders .. -941 560 86 2,735 741
Banks and others -1,919 -488 -466 294 1,176 221
Short-term -2,654 897 -113 260 1,789 -3,432
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,642 964 1,859 1,112 1,973 2,052
Portfolio equity -1 -110 49 -91 -166 -106

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 194 99 89 89 113 83
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 102 71 62 60 68 58
Debt service to exports (%) 16 21 15 13 12 11
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 30 23 24 24 25 19
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 8 7 7 7 8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 65 67 64 75 82
Gross national income (GNI) 49,628 57,867 64,214 66,969 68,560 78,140
52
BURKINA FASO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,800 12,768 10,621 9,157 9,757 10,297
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 217 284 269 310 466 586
of which: SDR allocations 89 82 80 80 83 242
Long-term external debt 4,582 12,484 10,352 8,847 9,291 9,711
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,960 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,020 4,329
Public sector 1,960 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,020 4,329
of which: General government 1,935 2,841 3,016 3,352 4,001 4,313
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,622 9,611 7,311 5,475 5,271 5,382
Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0

Disbursements (long-term) 1,392 1,448 344 463 2,085 1,046

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 286 183 344 463 524 625
Public sector 286 183 344 463 524 625
of which: General government 278 183 344 463 524 625
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,106 1,265 .. .. 1,560 421

Principal repayments (long-term) 293 1,044 2,384 1,933 1,864 412

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31 83 84 98 100 102
Public sector 31 83 84 98 100 102
of which: General government 30 78 78 93 98 102
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 262 961 2,300 1,836 1,764 310

Interest payments (long-term) 149 514 582 348 274 55

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 33 32 32 36 41
Public sector 18 33 32 32 36 41
of which: General government 18 32 31 31 36 41
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 131 481 550 316 238 14

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,582 12,484 10,352 8,847 9,291 9,711
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,960 2,873 3,041 3,372 4,020 4,329
Official creditors 1,919 2,857 3,028 3,360 4,009 4,318
Multilateral 1,611 2,507 2,670 3,008 3,549 3,835
of which: World Bank 776 1,334 1,458 1,673 2,014 2,146
Bilateral 308 351 358 351 460 482
Private creditors 41 16 14 12 10 11
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 41 16 14 12 10 11
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,622 9,611 7,311 5,475 5,271 5,382
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,622 9,611 7,311 5,475 5,271 5,382
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 217 284 269 310 466 586

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 20 -18 -9 42 139 -29
Long-term 1,100 404 -2,040 -1,471 221 634
Official creditors 241 103 262 367 427 523
Multilateral 230 129 246 370 341 487
of which: World Bank 67 78 166 228 230 239
Bilateral 10 -26 16 -3 86 36
Private creditors 859 301 -2,302 -1,837 -206 111
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 859 301 -2,302 -1,837 -206 111
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment -32 93 242 234 343 137
Portfolio equity 3 28 31 29 31 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 242 325 224 196 174 168
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 49 94 69 60 59 55
Debt service to exports (%) 22 40 63 49 39 8
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34 20 25 33 36 37
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 22 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 9,808 13,577 15,388 15,326 16,665 18,718
53
BURUNDI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 620.9 606.8 585.0 622.2 657.1 966.4
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 223.4 188.1 166.4 149.1 132.4 399.9
of which: SDR allocations 113.7 105.2 102.7 102.1 106.4 309.9
Long-term external debt 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
Public sector 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
of which: General government 380.5 407.3 407.1 439.3 489.5 508.1
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 15.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Disbursements (long-term) 31.6 5.2 14.2 73.8 48.6 60.4

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 31.6 5.2 14.2 73.8 48.6 60.4
Public sector 31.6 5.2 14.2 73.8 48.6 60.4
of which: General government 31.6 5.2 14.2 51.4 48.6 33.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 2.4 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 13.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.4 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 13.0
Public sector 2.4 8.0 9.1 18.3 10.3 13.0
of which: General government 2.4 8.0 9.1 18.1 9.8 12.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 1.4 2.4 3.1 4.4 3.9 5.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.4 2.4 3.1 4.4 3.9 5.7
Public sector 1.4 2.4 3.1 4.4 3.9 5.7
of which: General government 1.4 2.4 3.0 4.3 3.7 5.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
Official creditors 381.8 418.5 418.4 472.8 524.5 566.2
Multilateral 325.1 319.2 313.7 342.2 353.2 380.0
of which: World Bank 162.7 148.2 141.5 137.5 139.9 132.1
Bilateral 56.7 99.3 104.6 130.5 171.3 186.2
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 223.4 188.1 166.4 149.1 132.4 399.9

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 20.1 -16.6 -17.6 -16.2 -22.2 65.9
Long-term 29.1 -2.8 5.1 55.5 38.3 47.4
Official creditors 29.1 -2.8 5.1 55.5 38.3 47.4
Multilateral 29.1 -2.6 -1.1 29.3 0.0 33.8
of which: World Bank 17.8 -3.2 -3.3 -3.2 -3.2 -3.9
Bilateral .. -0.2 6.2 26.2 38.4 13.6
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.0 8.5 7.9
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 341.4 213.6 193.8 202.5 226.0 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30.7 22.4 21.9 24.0 23.5 33.2
Debt service to exports (%) 2.4 9.6 9.9 13.0 12.6 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 52.4 52.6 53.6 55.0 53.8 39.3
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53.3 15.8 11.4 17.7 13.5 27.4
Gross national income (GNI) 2,021.3 2,713.8 2,665.8 2,588.7 2,795.1 2,910.1
54
CABO VERDE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 885 1,790 1,767 1,821 2,071 2,060
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 23 13 13 13 47 78
of which: SDR allocations 14 13 13 13 13 45
Long-term external debt 862 1,777 1,755 1,808 2,024 1,982
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 862 1,777 1,755 1,808 2,024 1,982
Public sector 862 1,774 1,752 1,807 2,023 1,982
of which: General government 862 1,774 1,752 1,807 2,023 1,982
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 3 3 2 1 0
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0

Disbursements (long-term) 203 112 75 118 124 115

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 203 112 75 118 124 115
Public sector 203 112 75 118 124 115
of which: General government 203 112 75 118 124 115
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 25 33 37 42 43 43

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25 33 37 42 43 43
Public sector 25 32 37 41 42 43
of which: General government 25 32 37 41 42 43
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 1 1 1
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 18 19 19 17 10

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 18 19 19 17 10
Public sector 8 18 19 19 16 10
of which: General government 8 18 19 19 16 10
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 862 1,777 1,755 1,808 2,024 1,982
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 862 1,777 1,755 1,808 2,024 1,982
Official creditors 778 1,238 1,240 1,302 1,466 1,467
Multilateral 598 812 817 882 1,014 1,041
of which: World Bank 303 362 351 406 482 523
Bilateral 180 427 424 419 452 425
Private creditors 84 539 514 507 558 515
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 84 539 514 507 558 515
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 23 13 13 13 47 78

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -2 .. .. .. 33 0
Long-term 178 79 38 76 82 72
Official creditors 100 67 38 74 78 71
Multilateral 70 17 28 74 79 73
of which: World Bank 22 -6 -1 57 55 57
Bilateral 30 50 10 0 -2 -2
Private creditors 78 13 .. 2 4 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 78 13 .. 2 4 0
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 95 120 103 85 43 94
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 137 217 177 175 470 427
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 105 92 94 125 108
Debt service to exports (%) 5 6 6 6 13 11
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 68 45 46 48 49 51
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43 34 34 41 33 35
Gross national income (GNI) 1,591 1,709 1,920 1,940 1,663 1,898
55
CAMBODIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,010 11,425 13,533 15,342 17,569 20,020
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 129 120 117 116 121 352
of which: SDR allocations 129 120 117 116 121 352
Long-term external debt 3,502 9,527 11,050 11,814 13,666 15,231
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,060 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,764 9,452
Public sector 3,060 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,764 9,452
of which: General government 3,060 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,764 9,452
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 442 2,951 4,056 4,252 4,902 5,779
Short-term external debt 379 1,778 2,366 3,413 3,782 4,437

Disbursements (long-term) 596 1,967 2,750 2,065 2,940 3,683

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 348 657 716 824 1,211 1,151
Public sector 348 657 716 824 1,211 1,151
of which: General government 348 657 716 824 1,211 1,151
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 248 1,310 2,033 1,242 1,729 2,532

Principal repayments (long-term) 33 888 1,109 1,263 1,344 1,947

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 140 180 218 264 292
Public sector 33 140 180 218 264 292
of which: General government 33 140 180 218 264 292
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 747 928 1,045 1,079 1,654

Interest payments (long-term) 27 87 103 139 150 171

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26 72 85 93 95 103
Public sector 26 72 85 93 95 103
of which: General government 26 72 85 93 95 103
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1 15 17 47 55 67

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,502 9,527 11,050 11,814 13,666 15,231
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,060 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,764 9,452
Official creditors 3,060 6,577 6,994 7,562 8,764 9,452
Multilateral 1,529 1,938 1,957 2,102 2,691 2,845
of which: World Bank 565 550 544 585 685 727
Bilateral 1,531 4,639 5,037 5,459 6,073 6,607
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 442 2,951 4,056 4,252 4,902 5,779
Bondholders .. .. 300 300 650 550
Commercial banks and others 442 2,951 3,756 3,952 4,252 5,229
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 129 120 117 116 121 352

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 562 1,079 1,641 802 1,596 1,736
Official creditors 315 517 536 606 946 859
Multilateral 51 98 65 156 502 217
of which: World Bank 9 1 7 44 73 63
Bilateral 264 419 471 449 444 642
Private creditors 248 562 1,105 196 650 878
Bondholders .. .. 300 .. 350 -100
Banks and others 248 562 805 196 300 978
Short-term 149 51 588 1,046 369 655
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,404 2,788 3,213 3,663 3,625 3,483
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 66 70 71 70 84 97
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 37 55 59 60 71 78
Debt service to exports (%) 1 6 7 7 7 11
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 16 17 22 22 22
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38 17 14 14 15 14
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 81 99 99 111 106 86
Gross national income (GNI) 10,728 20,800 22,915 25,526 24,862 25,533
56
CAMEROON
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 3,190 10,073 10,946 12,872 14,784 16,003
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 445 602 714 760 1,269 1,777
of which: SDR allocations 273 252 247 245 255 618
Long-term external debt 2,737 8,943 9,798 11,735 13,147 13,568
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,160 8,018 9,096 10,332 11,451 12,427
Public sector 2,160 8,018 9,096 10,332 11,451 12,427
of which: General government 2,157 8,017 9,095 10,331 11,451 12,426
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 577 925 703 1,403 1,695 1,141
Short-term external debt 9 528 433 377 368 658

Disbursements (long-term) 278 1,648 1,712 2,593 1,729 1,784

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278 1,588 1,659 1,757 1,096 1,784
Public sector 278 1,588 1,659 1,757 1,096 1,784
of which: General government 278 1,588 1,659 1,756 1,095 1,784
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 61 53 837 633 0

Principal repayments (long-term) 160 413 623 762 854 1,017

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 122 175 372 436 514 463
Public sector 122 175 372 436 514 463
of which: General government 118 175 372 436 512 463
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 38 238 250 325 341 554

Interest payments (long-term) 42 272 400 342 343 292

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 27 240 232 230 330 277
Public sector 27 240 232 230 330 277
of which: General government 27 240 232 230 330 277
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 15 32 168 112 13 15

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,737 8,943 9,798 11,735 13,147 13,568
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,160 8,018 9,096 10,332 11,451 12,427
Official creditors 2,140 6,880 7,819 8,955 10,083 10,377
Multilateral 787 2,448 3,208 3,750 4,423 4,783
of which: World Bank 374 1,306 1,432 1,733 1,915 2,068
Bilateral 1,353 4,431 4,611 5,206 5,660 5,595
Private creditors 20 1,138 1,277 1,376 1,368 2,049
Bondholders .. 750 750 750 750 1,526
Commercial banks and others 20 388 527 626 618 523
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 577 925 703 1,403 1,695 1,141
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 577 925 703 1,403 1,695 1,141
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 445 602 714 760 1,269 1,777

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 258 128 50 461 177
Long-term 118 1,235 1,090 1,832 875 767
Official creditors 150 1,318 1,131 1,214 627 574
Multilateral 118 480 857 581 391 610
of which: World Bank 75 353 165 312 93 247
Bilateral 32 837 274 632 236 -36
Private creditors -32 -82 -41 618 248 193
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 811
Banks and others -32 -82 -41 618 248 -618
Short-term 0 262 -95 -62 -27 279
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 526 219 476 758 661 821
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 56 149 146 162 235 211
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12 28 28 33 37 36
Debt service to exports (%) 4 11 14 14 19 17
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 5 4 3 2 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 24 29 29 30 30
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 114 32 32 .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 27,243 35,437 39,234 38,828 39,920 44,375
57
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 634 723 786 849 899 1,115
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 173 235 279 296 355 518
of which: SDR allocations 82 76 74 74 77 224
Long-term external debt 376 399 418 421 411 435
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 376 399 418 421 411 435
Public sector 376 399 418 421 411 435
of which: General government 357 396 416 419 409 434
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 86 89 88 132 133 162

Disbursements (long-term) 35 15 67 22 26 38
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 15 67 22 26 38
Public sector 35 15 67 22 26 38
of which: General government 35 15 67 22 26 38
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 2 15 10 15 4 5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2 15 10 15 4 5
Public sector 2 15 10 15 4 5
of which: General government 1 3 10 14 3 5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 1 7 2 2 1 1

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1 7 2 2 1 1
Public sector 1 7 2 2 1 1
of which: General government 1 6 2 2 1 1
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 376 399 418 421 411 435
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 376 399 418 421 411 435
Official creditors 337 353 372 375 386 408
Multilateral 43 96 151 154 177 177
of which: World Bank 14 64 99 107 130 133
Bilateral 294 257 221 221 209 231
Private creditors 39 46 46 46 25 27
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 39 46 46 46 25 27
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 173 235 279 296 355 518

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 13 39 50 19 45 24
Long-term 33 -1 56 8 22 32
Official creditors 33 -1 56 8 22 30
Multilateral 5 13 58 3 16 5
of which: World Bank 5 1 37 9 18 7
Bilateral 28 -14 -2 4 6 25
Private creditors 1 .. .. .. .. 2
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 1 .. .. .. .. 2
Short-term 0 1 0 10 19 26
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 62 7 18 26 35 30
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 33 33 36 37 41
Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 12 11 16 15 15
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 13 19 18 20 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 50 46 41 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 2,152 2,178 2,387 2,386 2,457 2,688
58
CHAD
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,158 3,123 3,243 3,325 3,670 3,934
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 99 254 395 470 678 914
of which: SDR allocations 83 76 75 74 77 263
Long-term external debt 2,049 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,049 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
Public sector 2,049 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
of which: General government 2,016 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 9 28 31 27 31 21

Disbursements (long-term) 366 250 53 51 123 183

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 366 250 53 51 123 183
Public sector 366 250 53 51 123 183
of which: General government 366 250 53 51 123 183
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 45 128 43 30 61 100

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45 128 43 30 61 100
Public sector 45 128 43 30 61 100
of which: General government 45 128 43 30 61 100
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 17 55 61 59 50 50

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 55 61 59 50 50
Public sector 17 55 61 59 50 50
of which: General government 16 55 61 59 50 50
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,049 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,049 2,841 2,818 2,829 2,960 2,999
Official creditors 2,032 1,583 1,560 1,571 1,703 1,741
Multilateral 1,529 699 673 669 714 798
of which: World Bank 865 189 181 176 180 169
Bilateral 504 884 887 902 989 943
Private creditors 17 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 17 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258 1,258
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 99 254 395 470 678 914

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -11 49 149 77 183 68
Long-term 321 122 11 21 63 82
Official creditors 323 236 11 21 63 82
Multilateral 27 91 -8 2 9 120
of which: World Bank -16 -1 -4 -4 -3 -6
Bilateral 296 144 18 19 54 -38
Private creditors -2 -114 .. .. -1 ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -2 -114 .. .. -1 ..
Short-term -6 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 313 363 461 567 558 562
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 21 32 29 30 37 35
Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 1 1 1 1 1
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 71 22 21 20 19 20
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 0 5 9 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 10,312 9,870 11,075 11,141 9,948 11,381
59
CHINA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 742,737 1,704,594 1,961,562 2,114,162 2,326,751 2,702,505
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10,764 9,954 9,721 9,665 10,067 50,674
of which: SDR allocations 10,764 9,954 9,721 9,665 10,067 50,674
Long-term external debt 219,650 664,006 732,940 899,184 1,080,452 1,205,606
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102,275 196,290 259,687 318,064 392,201 475,424
Public sector 102,146 196,256 259,666 318,057 392,201 464,582
of which: General government 59,405 101,853 126,558 161,780 208,420 231,232
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 129 34 20 7 0 10,842
Private sector not guaranteed 117,375 467,717 473,254 581,120 688,252 730,182
Short-term external debt 512,323 1,030,633 1,218,901 1,205,312 1,236,232 1,446,225

Disbursements (long-term) 39,167 226,992 247,559 338,220 360,755 360,267

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 12,421 51,019 79,731 79,493 94,643 122,211
Public sector 12,421 51,019 79,731 79,493 94,643 111,369
of which: General government 3,144 6,482 29,611 38,598 48,669 29,974
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 10,842
Private sector not guaranteed 26,746 175,974 167,828 258,727 266,112 238,056

Principal repayments (long-term) 18,782 144,686 160,494 180,617 180,783 225,855

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11,978 15,445 15,291 20,632 24,178 32,777
Public sector 11,965 15,431 15,278 20,618 24,171 32,777
of which: General government 3,154 3,775 4,779 3,376 3,173 5,755
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 14 14 14 14 7 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 6,803 129,241 145,203 159,985 156,605 193,078

Interest payments (long-term) 5,484 16,566 27,184 35,730 31,593 46,498

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,819 3,350 6,135 8,670 8,506 17,050
Public sector 1,817 3,349 6,134 8,670 8,506 17,007
of which: General government 1,052 1,479 2,825 3,387 1,957 11,020
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 0 43
Private sector not guaranteed 3,665 13,215 21,049 27,059 23,087 29,448

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 219,650 664,006 732,940 899,184 1,080,452 1,205,606
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102,275 196,290 259,687 318,064 392,201 475,424
Official creditors 75,476 56,211 54,499 53,840 53,513 51,979
Multilateral 35,527 34,191 34,439 35,427 36,007 36,424
of which: World Bank 22,135 16,356 16,095 16,271 16,236 16,585
Bilateral 39,949 22,020 20,060 18,412 17,506 15,554
Private creditors 26,799 140,079 205,188 264,225 338,688 423,445
Bondholders 12,398 101,554 163,960 214,523 288,234 352,295
Commercial banks and others 14,401 38,524 41,228 49,701 50,454 71,150
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 117,375 467,717 473,254 581,120 688,252 730,182
Bondholders 5,561 152,191 179,902 234,623 323,512 340,414
Commercial banks and others 111,814 315,525 293,351 346,497 364,739 389,768
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10,764 9,954 9,721 9,665 10,067 50,674

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 20,385 82,306 87,065 157,604 179,972 134,412
Official creditors -2,276 -3,651 -1,700 -696 -1,008 -544
Multilateral 959 399 382 1,063 317 684
of which: World Bank -160 -15 -205 205 -83 411
Bilateral -3,235 -4,050 -2,082 -1,759 -1,324 -1,229
Private creditors 22,661 85,957 88,765 158,300 180,980 134,956
Bondholders -1,459 82,189 94,185 105,319 161,724 88,951
Banks and others 24,120 3,768 -5,420 52,981 19,256 46,004
Short-term 271,814 229,237 188,268 -13,589 30,920 209,993
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 225,593 140,569 185,911 162,253 220,806 277,191
Portfolio equity 31,357 36,209 60,668 44,906 80,335 83,121

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 41 63 67 73 78 71
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 12 14 14 15 16 15
Debt service to exports (%) 3 8 8 9 9 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 69 60 62 57 53 54
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 5 2 2 2 2 1
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 386 185 158 148 139 123
Gross national income (GNI) 6,061,092 12,294,279 13,833,789 14,239,928 14,583,285 17,576,648
60
COLOMBIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 64,432 126,055 133,251 138,907 155,696 171,993
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,137 1,051 1,027 1,021 6,464 9,024
of which: SDR allocations 1,137 1,051 1,027 1,021 1,063 3,776
Long-term external debt 55,383 111,975 117,307 122,251 135,332 147,195
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37,058 74,477 74,893 75,092 85,522 93,901
Public sector 36,555 74,240 74,670 74,882 85,324 93,841
of which: General government 31,631 51,214 54,458 54,881 61,417 67,327
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 503 237 224 210 197 60
Private sector not guaranteed 18,325 37,498 42,414 47,159 49,810 53,294
Short-term external debt 7,912 13,029 14,918 15,635 13,900 15,774

Disbursements (long-term) 12,970 17,426 22,912 17,189 27,645 31,053

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,629 7,209 6,887 5,036 13,525 18,768
Public sector 3,559 7,209 6,887 5,036 13,525 18,768
of which: General government 3,426 5,589 5,712 3,779 8,319 12,123
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 71 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 9,340 10,217 16,025 12,153 14,120 12,286

Principal repayments (long-term) 6,566 16,280 17,863 12,081 15,065 18,340

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,318 6,651 6,754 4,674 3,596 9,538
Public sector 2,223 6,642 6,741 4,660 3,583 9,401
of which: General government 1,926 2,887 2,143 3,260 2,343 5,567
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 95 10 13 13 13 137
Private sector not guaranteed 4,248 9,628 11,109 7,408 11,469 8,802

Interest payments (long-term) 2,839 5,480 5,875 6,401 5,991 6,226

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,121 3,528 3,581 3,802 3,478 3,808
Public sector 2,112 3,522 3,574 3,794 3,474 3,806
of which: General government 1,812 2,278 2,257 2,498 2,345 2,559
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 10 5 7 7 4 2
Private sector not guaranteed 717 1,952 2,293 2,600 2,513 2,418

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 55,383 111,975 117,307 122,251 135,332 147,195
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 37,058 74,477 74,893 75,092 85,522 93,901
Official creditors 16,483 25,574 27,744 27,775 31,147 33,587
Multilateral 15,898 20,548 22,017 22,692 25,543 28,051
of which: World Bank 7,504 9,520 10,233 10,582 11,989 13,515
Bilateral 585 5,026 5,727 5,083 5,604 5,536
Private creditors 20,574 48,903 47,149 47,317 54,374 60,314
Bondholders 17,965 42,862 41,138 41,868 48,536 52,916
Commercial banks and others 2,609 6,041 6,011 5,450 5,838 7,398
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 18,325 37,498 42,414 47,159 49,810 53,294
Bondholders 3,329 10,206 9,521 10,481 8,954 9,604
Commercial banks and others 14,996 27,292 32,892 36,677 40,856 43,689
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,137 1,051 1,027 1,021 6,464 9,024

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 5,224 0
Long-term 6,404 1,146 5,049 5,108 12,581 12,713
Official creditors 1,137 152 2,501 169 2,987 3,068
Multilateral 1,082 344 1,683 783 2,614 2,923
of which: World Bank 936 -279 908 410 1,159 1,849
Bilateral 55 -192 818 -615 372 145
Private creditors 5,267 994 2,547 4,939 9,594 9,645
Bondholders 987 3,955 -2,284 1,715 5,027 5,234
Banks and others 4,280 -2,961 4,831 3,224 4,567 4,411
Short-term 3,900 1,749 1,889 718 -1,736 1,874
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 7,065 11,907 9,695 11,578 4,932 7,242
Portfolio equity 1,488 472 -823 -1,232 -454 -1,189

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 132 230 222 238 365 304
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 41 41 44 58 56
Debt service to exports (%) 20 41 41 33 51 45
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 11 11 9 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 16 17 16 16 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 43 37 36 37 37 34
Gross national income (GNI) 276,601 306,544 325,925 316,058 267,842 306,268
61
COMOROS
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 278.4 186.6 245.0 264.2 301.1 336.7
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25.4 26.1 22.3 30.7 41.9 62.9
of which: SDR allocations 13.1 12.1 11.8 11.8 12.2 35.8
Long-term external debt 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Public sector 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
of which: General government 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 4.4 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.1

Disbursements (long-term) 0.0 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 16.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 16.7
Public sector 0.0 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 16.7
of which: General government 0.0 5.5 68.2 14.5 18.7 16.7
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9
Public sector 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9
of which: General government 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.3

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.3
Public sector 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.3
of which: General government 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Official creditors 248.5 159.5 221.4 231.6 258.0 272.7
Multilateral 201.6 54.2 54.0 68.0 76.7 90.2
of which: World Bank 115.5 13.3 12.7 12.3 16.7 21.8
Bilateral 46.9 105.2 167.4 163.5 181.3 182.4
Private creditors .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25.4 26.1 22.3 30.7 41.9 62.9

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 2.4 -2.0 -3.2 8.5 9.6 -1.8
Long-term -3.1 3.6 66.2 12.7 16.9 14.7
Official creditors -3.1 3.6 66.2 12.7 16.9 14.7
Multilateral -3.1 -0.3 0.3 14.1 6.0 16.3
of which: World Bank -1.7 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 3.5 5.9
Bilateral .. 3.9 65.9 -1.4 10.9 -1.6
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 8.4 3.9 5.7 4.3 3.9 4.0
Portfolio equity 0.0 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 306.7 137.2 154.9 174.9 385.2 222.2
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30.7 17.2 20.7 22.6 24.5 25.5
Debt service to exports (%) 4.7 3.0 3.9 4.1 8.2 3.4
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.3
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 72.4 29.1 22.0 25.8 25.5 26.8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 52.2 111.0 81.0 76.1 97.4 97.6
Gross national income (GNI) 907.1 1,083.4 1,185.4 1,171.0 1,227.3 1,319.0
62
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,237 6,920 6,849 7,569 8,161 10,288
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,110 954 839 1,130 1,511 3,317
of which: SDR allocations 787 728 710 706 736 2,145
Long-term external debt 5,692 5,782 5,801 6,057 6,289 6,517
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,692 5,782 5,801 6,057 6,289 6,517
Public sector 5,692 5,782 5,801 6,057 6,289 6,517
of which: General government 4,361 4,004 4,023 4,279 4,511 4,739
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 435 184 209 382 362 454

Disbursements (long-term) 178 348 233 480 277 529

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 178 348 233 480 277 529
Public sector 178 348 233 480 277 529
of which: General government 78 348 233 480 277 529
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 89 182 180 184 146 242

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 89 182 180 184 146 242
Public sector 89 182 180 184 146 242
of which: General government 77 182 180 184 146 242
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 124 119 98 824 110 106

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 124 119 98 824 110 106
Public sector 124 119 98 824 110 106
of which: General government 120 119 98 824 110 106
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,692 5,782 5,801 6,057 6,289 6,517
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,692 5,782 5,801 6,057 6,289 6,517
Official creditors 5,614 5,781 5,771 5,955 6,152 6,386
Multilateral 2,585 1,995 2,037 2,122 2,290 2,448
of which: World Bank 849 942 1,098 1,288 1,521 1,772
Bilateral 3,029 3,786 3,734 3,833 3,862 3,938
Private creditors 77 1 30 102 137 130
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 77 1 30 102 137 130
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,110 954 839 1,130 1,511 3,317

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 19 -92 -94 295 323 427
Long-term 89 166 53 296 131 287
Official creditors 73 166 37 224 95 294
Multilateral 1 182 73 93 92 220
of which: World Bank 17 65 180 195 178 294
Bilateral 73 -16 -36 130 4 74
Private creditors 16 -1 16 72 35 -7
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 16 -1 16 72 35 -7
Short-term 38 9 -33 116 -78 35
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 2,736 1,340 1,617 1,478 1,647 1,870
Portfolio equity .. -10 -7 -30 -6 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 81 59 42 50 58 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 35 19 15 15 17 20
Debt service to exports (%) 3 3 2 7 2 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 3 3 5 4 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 36 29 30 28 28 24
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 18 10 10 16 9 34
Gross national income (GNI) 20,655 36,946 45,864 48,962 47,444 51,987
63
CONGO, REPUBLIC OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,793 5,464 5,183 5,353 5,306 6,966
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 150 120 115 157 162 374
of which: SDR allocations 123 113 111 110 115 329
Long-term external debt 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,860 6,302
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,854 6,291
Public sector 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,854 6,291
of which: General government 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,854 6,291
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 6 11
Short-term external debt 197 277 276 234 284 290

Disbursements (long-term) 882 878 269 639 189 201

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 882 878 269 639 183 195
Public sector 882 878 269 639 183 195
of which: General government 843 878 269 639 183 195
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 6 5

Principal repayments (long-term) 95 370 390 456 618 389

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 95 370 390 456 618 389
Public sector 95 370 390 456 618 389
of which: General government 95 370 390 456 618 389
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 24 36 77 83 98 72

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24 36 77 83 98 71
Public sector 24 36 77 83 98 71
of which: General government 24 36 77 83 98 71
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 0 1

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,860 6,302
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,447 5,067 4,793 4,963 4,854 6,291
Official creditors 1,020 4,108 3,792 4,060 3,974 3,917
Multilateral 182 644 640 869 985 1,021
of which: World Bank 84 153 192 243 342 413
Bilateral 839 3,464 3,152 3,191 2,989 2,896
Private creditors 1,426 958 1,001 903 880 2,374
Bondholders 454 350 322 295 268 241
Commercial banks and others 973 609 679 608 612 2,133
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. 6 11
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. 6 11
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 150 120 115 157 162 374

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 2 -2 -2 43 -1 -1
Long-term 787 508 -121 183 -429 -188
Official creditors 480 623 -150 281 -249 -28
Multilateral -15 415 6 233 67 84
of which: World Bank 2 23 43 53 87 84
Bilateral 495 208 -156 48 -316 -112
Private creditors 307 -115 29 -98 -180 -160
Bondholders 0 -27 -27 -27 -27 -27
Banks and others 307 -88 56 -71 -153 -132
Short-term -40 135 -63 -47 54 -33
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 671 4,417 4,315 986 -206 3,691
Portfolio equity 0 .. .. 75 32 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 31 .. .. 68 113 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 57 44 53 60 70
Debt service to exports (%) 1 .. .. 7 15 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 5 4 5 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 12 12 16 19 15
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 159 7 8 18 13 50
Gross national income (GNI) 12,222 9,536 11,650 10,017 8,895 9,884
64
COSTA RICA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 8,154 25,616 28,369 29,801 31,269 33,788
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 241 223 218 216 757 1,520
of which: SDR allocations 241 223 218 216 225 715
Long-term external debt 5,482 22,855 24,782 26,829 26,570 27,584
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,822 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,577 12,386
Public sector 3,822 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,577 12,386
of which: General government 2,772 6,264 6,581 8,457 8,479 9,054
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,660 11,817 12,841 13,437 13,994 15,198
Short-term external debt 2,431 2,538 3,370 2,755 3,942 4,683

Disbursements (long-term) 1,455 1,985 4,418 3,569 1,873 2,890

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 928 599 1,701 2,486 497 746
Public sector 928 599 1,701 2,486 497 746
of which: General government 596 248 449 2,006 383 697
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 528 1,386 2,716 1,083 1,375 2,144

Principal repayments (long-term) 617 1,797 2,024 1,959 2,150 1,852

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 342 485 897 1,073 1,311 913
Public sector 342 485 897 1,073 1,311 913
of which: General government 146 135 127 131 367 130
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 275 1,312 1,127 886 839 939

Interest payments (long-term) 313 1,109 1,261 1,123 769 1,144

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 213 638 687 674 311 578
Public sector 213 638 687 674 311 578
of which: General government 161 364 368 375 177 395
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 100 471 574 448 458 566

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,482 22,855 24,782 26,829 26,570 27,584
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,822 11,037 11,941 13,392 12,577 12,386
Official creditors 2,196 3,230 4,662 4,910 4,924 5,363
Multilateral 1,767 2,777 4,199 4,443 4,448 4,911
of which: World Bank 570 788 903 955 1,021 1,292
Bilateral 430 453 464 466 476 452
Private creditors 1,626 7,807 7,278 8,482 7,652 7,023
Bondholders 1,310 6,250 6,250 7,600 6,983 6,500
Commercial banks and others 316 1,557 1,028 882 669 523
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,660 11,817 12,841 13,437 13,994 15,198
Bondholders .. 2,150 2,100 2,100 2,100 1,250
Commercial banks and others 1,660 9,667 10,741 11,337 11,894 13,948
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 241 223 218 216 757 1,520

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 515 294
Long-term 839 188 2,394 1,610 -277 1,038
Official creditors 590 184 1,333 209 16 462
Multilateral 579 171 1,321 208 28 476
of which: World Bank 512 52 115 52 71 272
Bilateral 11 13 12 1 -12 -13
Private creditors 249 3 1,061 1,401 -293 575
Bondholders 0 299 -50 1,350 -617 -1,332
Banks and others 249 -296 1,111 50 324 1,908
Short-term 188 -16 831 -614 1,186 742
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,508 2,352 2,221 2,145 1,592 2,793
Portfolio equity 8 53 54 55 57 88

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 64 129 129 128 154 141
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 45 48 49 53 56
Debt service to exports (%) 8 15 16 13 15 13
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 30 10 12 9 13 14
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 11 15 15 14 15
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 28 26 30 23 20
Gross national income (GNI) 36,450 57,353 59,043 60,558 58,595 59,926
65
CÔTE DʼIVOIRE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 11,703 13,449 16,198 19,831 25,107 29,752
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 861 1,738 1,814 1,915 3,047 3,647
of which: SDR allocations 479 443 432 430 448 1,308
Long-term external debt 10,431 11,683 14,246 17,027 21,004 23,918
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,413 10,445 13,234 15,748 20,013 23,169
Public sector 9,413 10,445 13,234 15,748 20,013 23,169
of which: General government 9,412 10,445 12,686 15,197 19,051 22,248
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,018 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 749
Short-term external debt 411 28 138 890 1,056 2,188

Disbursements (long-term) 599 3,232 3,867 5,083 4,308 4,974

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 244 3,091 3,747 4,511 4,308 4,974
Public sector 244 3,091 3,747 4,511 4,308 4,974
of which: General government 244 3,091 3,182 4,498 3,939 4,938
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 355 141 120 572 .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 623 1,730 1,036 2,247 1,565 803

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 438 1,418 702 1,946 1,226 602
Public sector 438 1,418 702 1,946 1,226 602
of which: General government 438 1,418 702 1,946 1,191 602
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 185 312 334 302 340 200

Interest payments (long-term) 114 399 453 556 701 701

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 58 329 407 518 671 685
Public sector 58 329 407 518 671 685
of which: General government 58 329 406 517 642 683
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 56 70 47 38 29 17

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 10,431 11,683 14,246 17,027 21,004 23,918
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,413 10,445 13,234 15,748 20,013 23,169
Official creditors 9,301 5,007 5,200 5,972 7,962 10,075
Multilateral 2,373 1,582 2,024 2,609 4,010 4,752
of which: World Bank 1,763 781 883 1,204 1,882 2,488
Bilateral 6,928 3,425 3,176 3,363 3,952 5,322
Private creditors 112 5,438 8,034 9,776 12,051 13,094
Bondholders 0 5,398 7,230 7,589 8,532 9,010
Commercial banks and others 112 40 804 2,187 3,519 4,085
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,018 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 749
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,018 1,238 1,011 1,279 991 749
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 861 1,738 1,814 1,915 3,047 3,647

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 44 150 119 111 1,019 -190
Long-term -25 1,502 2,831 2,836 2,743 4,171
Official creditors -220 540 328 769 1,552 2,539
Multilateral 17 450 497 517 1,095 1,055
of which: World Bank -26 205 132 236 536 765
Bilateral -237 90 -169 252 457 1,484
Private creditors 196 962 2,503 2,067 1,191 1,633
Bondholders .. 1,136 1,928 404 478 959
Banks and others 196 -173 575 1,663 713 673
Short-term 20 -241 110 752 166 1,131
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 371 644 590 618 636 ..
Portfolio equity 2 24 15 12 21 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 91 102 121 140 184 188
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 49 27 29 35 42 44
Debt service to exports (%) 6 17 12 21 18 11
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 0 1 4 4 7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 20 12 12 13 16 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 23,996 50,052 55,809 56,976 59,471 67,653
66
DJIBOUTI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 769 2,267 2,321 2,553 2,679 3,191
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 35 44 37 32 72 109
of which: SDR allocations 23 22 21 21 22 64
Long-term external debt 612 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 612 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
Public sector 612 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
of which: General government 463 514 537 468 515 553
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 122 278 240 375 253 670

Disbursements (long-term) 35 336 141 136 214 86

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 336 141 136 214 86
Public sector 35 336 141 136 214 86
of which: General government 19 28 45 43 45 52
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 22 25 27 35 28 23

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 22 25 27 35 28 23
Public sector 22 25 27 35 28 23
of which: General government 12 14 13 16 15 12
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 36 32 29 25 19

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 36 32 29 25 19
Public sector 8 36 32 29 25 19
of which: General government 5 7 5 6 5 4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 612 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 612 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
Official creditors 595 1,945 2,045 2,146 2,354 2,412
Multilateral 406 519 551 611 660 692
of which: World Bank 155 144 152 161 191 215
Bilateral 189 1,426 1,494 1,534 1,694 1,719
Private creditors 16 0 .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 16 0 .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 35 44 37 32 72 109

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -3 -4 -6 -5 38 -4
Long-term 13 311 114 102 186 63
Official creditors 15 311 114 102 186 63
Multilateral 8 15 39 62 35 44
of which: World Bank -1 8 12 10 22 30
Bilateral 7 296 75 40 150 19
Private creditors -2 0 .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -2 0 .. .. .. ..
Short-term 3 220 -56 109 -159 398
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 37 165 170 175 158 167
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 219 -199

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 169 54 50 49 71 61
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 67 86 84 85 87 98
Debt service to exports (%) 8 2 2 2 2 1
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 12 10 15 9 21
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 53 23 24 24 25 22
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 32 25 20 20 26 18
Gross national income (GNI) 1,146 2,636 2,771 2,995 3,083 3,266
67
DOMINICA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 271 300 278 278 330 378
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 30 24 22 21 36 48
of which: SDR allocations 12 11 11 11 11 26
Long-term external debt 236 264 243 246 277 312
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 236 264 243 246 277 312
Public sector 236 264 243 246 277 312
of which: General government 214 243 224 226 253 290
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 6 11 13 12 18 18

Disbursements (long-term) 30 11 5 22 39 48
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30 11 5 22 39 48
Public sector 30 11 5 22 39 48
of which: General government 30 10 4 19 38 47
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 10 20 23 19 19 11

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10 20 23 19 19 11
Public sector 10 20 23 19 19 11
of which: General government 7 15 20 16 17 9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 5 8 9 7 7 6

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 8 9 7 7 6
Public sector 5 8 9 7 7 6
of which: General government 4 7 8 6 6 6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 236 264 243 246 277 312
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 236 264 243 246 277 312
Official creditors 162 207 188 178 209 247
Multilateral 117 129 124 122 153 191
of which: World Bank 28 33 34 36 51 88
Bilateral 45 78 64 56 56 55
Private creditors 74 57 55 68 68 65
Bondholders 57 30 30 45 42 42
Commercial banks and others 16 28 26 23 26 24
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 30 24 22 21 36 48

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -1 -1 -2 -1 14 -2
Long-term 20 -9 -18 4 20 37
Official creditors 20 -8 -16 -9 25 38
Multilateral 1 0 -4 -2 30 38
of which: World Bank 0 7 2 2 14 38
Bilateral 19 -8 -12 -7 -5 -1
Private creditors 0 -1 -2 13 -5 -1
Bondholders 0 1 .. 15 -3 ..
Banks and others 0 -2 -2 -3 -1 -1
Short-term 0 2 2 -2 6 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 10 7 78 65 22 42
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 130 166 123 310 322
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 57 50 46 65 69
Debt service to exports (%) 9 13 20 12 25 17
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 4 5 4 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 43 43 45 44 47 51
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28 71 69 56 50 50
Gross national income (GNI) 484 523 556 602 511 547
68
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 13,499 29,456 31,864 34,165 40,263 43,712
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,461 297 290 289 988 1,601
of which: SDR allocations 322 297 290 289 301 933
Long-term external debt 10,283 27,157 29,386 31,361 37,103 39,800
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,441 18,514 21,375 23,006 29,856 32,507
Public sector 9,437 18,513 21,374 23,006 29,856 32,506
of which: General government 8,700 18,424 21,326 22,983 29,838 32,491
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 1 1 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 843 8,643 8,011 8,355 7,246 7,294
Short-term external debt 1,754 2,001 2,187 2,515 2,172 2,311

Disbursements (long-term) 2,111 3,355 4,620 2,459 9,769 3,510

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,111 2,080 3,651 2,395 9,769 3,210
Public sector 2,111 2,080 3,651 2,395 9,769 3,210
of which: General government 2,107 2,080 3,651 2,395 9,769 3,210
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 1,275 969 64 .. 300

Principal repayments (long-term) 799 1,961 1,422 1,849 4,586 715

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 798 808 752 679 2,789 549
Public sector 798 807 752 679 2,789 549
of which: General government 688 748 714 655 2,784 547
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 0 1,154 670 1,169 1,797 166

Interest payments (long-term) 444 1,012 1,440 1,822 1,757 1,857

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 336 716 968 1,295 1,415 1,668
Public sector 336 716 968 1,295 1,415 1,668
of which: General government 309 713 966 1,294 1,415 1,667
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 108 296 472 528 342 190

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 10,283 27,157 29,386 31,361 37,103 39,800
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,441 18,514 21,375 23,006 29,856 32,507
Official creditors 6,343 5,705 5,790 6,068 7,089 7,134
Multilateral 3,079 4,454 4,704 5,086 5,900 5,779
of which: World Bank 872 923 923 939 1,183 1,185
Bilateral 3,264 1,251 1,086 982 1,189 1,356
Private creditors 3,098 12,809 15,585 16,938 22,767 25,372
Bondholders 1,134 11,500 14,596 16,229 22,158 24,893
Commercial banks and others 1,964 1,309 989 709 609 479
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 843 8,643 8,011 8,355 7,246 7,294
Bondholders 843 1,945 1,945 1,395 707 1,007
Commercial banks and others 0 6,698 6,066 6,959 6,539 6,287
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,461 297 290 289 988 1,601

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 383 .. .. .. 665 0
Long-term 1,312 1,394 3,197 610 5,183 2,795
Official creditors 870 -123 91 280 1,008 62
Multilateral 469 10 253 383 812 -120
of which: World Bank 116 -10 0 16 243 2
Bilateral 401 -133 -162 -102 195 182
Private creditors 442 1,517 3,106 330 4,175 2,733
Bondholders 645 1,700 3,108 1,155 5,408 3,010
Banks and others -203 -183 -2 -825 -1,233 -277
Short-term -1 -1,051 186 328 -345 139
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,470 3,733 2,677 2,796 2,889 3,161
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 106 151 154 161 262 207
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 39 39 40 54 49
Debt service to exports (%) 11 16 14 18 41 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 7 7 7 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 15 15 15 15 13
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 29 23 24 26 27 30
Gross national income (GNI) 51,933 76,204 81,864 84,872 75,020 89,537
69
ECUADOR
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 15,377 41,157 44,960 51,896 56,332 58,259
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 444 783 765 2,114 6,781 8,183
of which: SDR allocations 444 411 401 399 415 1,340
Long-term external debt 13,869 39,279 43,117 48,848 48,514 48,634
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,787 31,613 35,481 38,391 37,811 38,707
Public sector 8,759 31,591 35,461 38,373 37,796 38,694
of which: General government 8,260 29,431 33,859 37,434 37,074 38,097
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 28 23 20 18 15 13
Private sector not guaranteed 5,082 7,666 7,636 10,458 10,703 9,928
Short-term external debt 1,064 1,094 1,078 933 1,037 1,442

Disbursements (long-term) 2,977 9,998 10,364 12,286 7,669 4,578

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,307 8,895 7,153 6,877 3,689 2,662
Public sector 2,304 8,895 7,153 6,877 3,689 2,662
of which: General government 2,253 7,859 6,963 6,796 3,497 2,492
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 670 1,103 3,211 5,409 3,981 1,916

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,259 4,558 6,443 6,505 7,548 4,441

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 636 2,905 3,202 3,917 3,813 1,750
Public sector 636 2,902 3,200 3,915 3,810 1,747
of which: General government 587 2,495 2,452 3,171 3,399 1,455
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 2 2 2 2 2
Private sector not guaranteed 623 1,653 3,241 2,588 3,735 2,691

Interest payments (long-term) 470 2,031 2,663 2,792 1,517 1,857

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 331 1,753 2,238 2,385 1,172 1,360
Public sector 330 1,751 2,237 2,384 1,171 1,359
of which: General government 315 1,640 2,108 2,303 1,128 1,335
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 1 1
Private sector not guaranteed 139 279 425 407 344 497

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 13,869 39,279 43,117 48,848 48,514 48,634
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,787 31,613 35,481 38,391 37,811 38,707
Official creditors 7,547 16,785 17,269 18,119 19,672 20,951
Multilateral 5,207 8,707 9,864 11,081 13,294 14,776
of which: World Bank 456 399 617 1,251 2,596 2,897
Bilateral 2,340 8,078 7,405 7,038 6,378 6,175
Private creditors 1,240 14,828 18,211 20,272 18,139 17,756
Bondholders 1,082 12,565 15,250 18,307 17,694 17,494
Commercial banks and others 159 2,263 2,961 1,965 445 262
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,082 7,666 7,636 10,458 10,703 9,928
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 5,082 7,666 7,636 10,458 10,703 9,928
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 444 783 765 2,114 6,781 8,183

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 0 0 1,353 4,428 669
Long-term 1,718 5,440 3,921 5,781 121 137
Official creditors 1,727 -11 549 874 1,497 1,290
Multilateral 822 519 1,181 1,224 2,214 1,488
of which: World Bank -87 153 218 634 1,345 304
Bilateral 904 -530 -632 -350 -717 -198
Private creditors -9 5,450 3,372 4,907 -1,376 -1,153
Bondholders -16 6,451 2,685 3,057 -77 -200
Banks and others 7 -1,001 687 1,850 -1,298 -953
Short-term -304 205 -33 -157 89 390
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 478 682 702 600 994 720
Portfolio equity 0 4 6 2 1 3

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 78 181 175 197 251 198
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 40 43 49 58 56
Debt service to exports (%) 9 29 36 36 41 22
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 3 2 2 2 2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 34 21 22 21 24 25
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 4 4 4 9 10
Gross national income (GNI) 68,569 101,858 104,605 104,935 96,468 104,530
70
EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 36,775 84,540 99,356 114,484 129,792 143,246
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,384 7,401 9,220 13,130 20,362 23,681
of which: SDR allocations 1,384 1,280 1,250 1,242 1,294 3,990
Long-term external debt 32,242 66,011 79,795 90,070 97,471 106,723
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32,189 65,605 79,349 89,710 97,069 105,939
Public sector 31,825 65,546 79,323 89,710 97,069 105,939
of which: General government 28,267 42,101 50,409 60,368 67,335 70,676
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 364 58 26 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 54 406 446 360 402 784
Short-term external debt 3,149 11,128 10,341 11,284 11,959 12,842

Disbursements (long-term) 3,616 15,667 20,287 15,322 15,572 23,448

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,611 15,370 20,161 15,251 15,379 22,838
Public sector 3,609 15,370 20,161 15,251 15,379 22,838
of which: General government 3,302 11,744 11,302 12,329 10,959 12,802
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 5 298 126 71 193 610

Principal repayments (long-term) 2,164 4,622 5,766 4,842 9,606 13,623

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,139 4,575 5,680 4,686 9,456 13,395
Public sector 2,058 4,547 5,650 4,660 9,456 13,395
of which: General government 1,678 2,704 2,642 2,324 4,718 8,355
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 81 27 30 26 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 25 48 87 156 151 229

Interest payments (long-term) 770 1,579 2,220 3,403 3,338 3,616

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 769 1,565 2,204 3,384 3,326 3,536
Public sector 755 1,564 2,203 3,384 3,326 3,536
of which: General government 655 1,105 1,616 2,223 2,263 2,677
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 14 1 1 1 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1 14 16 19 12 79

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 32,242 66,011 79,795 90,070 97,471 106,723
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 32,189 65,605 79,349 89,710 97,069 105,939
Official creditors 28,004 52,767 55,970 57,636 61,226 60,105
Multilateral 9,293 18,876 20,119 21,508 25,575 27,627
of which: World Bank 3,881 8,435 9,930 11,250 11,993 12,037
Bilateral 18,712 33,891 35,851 36,128 35,651 32,479
Private creditors 4,184 12,838 23,379 32,074 35,843 45,834
Bondholders 3,333 9,818 14,970 22,677 25,894 31,446
Commercial banks and others 851 3,020 8,409 9,396 9,949 14,388
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 54 406 446 360 402 784
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 100
Commercial banks and others 54 406 446 360 402 684
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,384 7,401 9,220 13,130 20,362 23,681

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 3,229 2,029 3,959 6,468 1,182
Long-term 1,452 11,045 14,520 10,480 5,966 9,824
Official creditors -189 3,772 3,790 1,866 2,323 87
Multilateral 755 2,562 1,426 1,454 3,722 2,411
of which: World Bank 649 1,289 1,507 1,321 733 60
Bilateral -944 1,210 2,364 411 -1,399 -2,324
Private creditors 1,641 7,273 10,731 8,614 3,643 9,737
Bondholders 1,500 6,218 5,220 7,677 3,218 6,008
Banks and others 141 1,055 5,511 937 425 3,729
Short-term 588 -817 -787 943 675 884
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 6,386 7,409 8,141 9,010 5,852 5,122
Portfolio equity 1,724 224 220 -12 -1,997 -1,486

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 74 194 189 210 319 242
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 17 37 41 39 37 37
Debt service to exports (%) 6 15 16 17 34 32
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 13 10 10 9 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 25 22 20 19 20 19
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 91 39 39 36 26 24
Gross national income (GNI) 214,619 231,165 243,433 292,071 353,899 391,744
71
EL SALVADOR
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 11,496 17,179 16,725 17,379 18,334 20,171
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 252 233 228 227 650 1,016
of which: SDR allocations 252 233 228 227 236 615
Long-term external debt 10,408 14,903 14,426 14,939 15,813 16,897
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,839 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 11,463
Public sector 6,836 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 11,463
of which: General government 6,257 8,655 8,727 9,063 9,780 10,580
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 0 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,569 5,414 4,921 5,083 5,167 5,434
Short-term external debt 836 2,043 2,070 2,214 1,871 2,258

Disbursements (long-term) 1,455 3,513 3,211 5,283 5,297 5,708

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,107 978 588 1,419 1,378 1,257
Public sector 1,107 978 588 1,419 1,378 1,257
of which: General government 943 748 496 1,266 1,191 1,104
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 348 2,535 2,623 3,865 3,918 4,451

Principal repayments (long-term) 605 2,995 2,879 4,873 4,205 4,596

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 456 434 436 1,179 421 412
Public sector 456 434 436 1,179 421 412
of which: General government 242 292 290 1,039 304 278
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 149 2,561 2,443 3,694 3,785 4,184

Interest payments (long-term) 495 768 589 684 927 1,241

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 380 547 589 684 625 696
Public sector 380 547 589 684 625 696
of which: General government 355 511 539 632 577 654
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 115 221 .. .. 302 545

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 10,408 14,903 14,426 14,939 15,813 16,897
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,839 9,489 9,505 9,856 10,645 11,463
Official creditors 4,211 4,225 4,368 4,397 4,539 5,335
Multilateral 3,549 3,804 3,996 4,049 4,158 4,987
of which: World Bank 922 906 876 831 786 768
Bilateral 661 421 372 348 382 348
Private creditors 2,628 5,264 5,137 5,459 6,106 6,127
Bondholders 2,596 5,237 5,108 5,422 6,071 6,071
Commercial banks and others 32 27 29 37 35 56
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,569 5,414 4,921 5,083 5,167 5,434
Bondholders .. 38 38 12 0 0
Commercial banks and others 3,569 5,376 4,883 5,071 5,167 5,434
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 252 233 228 227 650 1,016

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 400 0
Long-term 850 518 331 410 1,092 1,113
Official creditors 319 -27 148 30 124 821
Multilateral 364 -2 194 54 106 832
of which: World Bank 345 0 -31 -45 -45 -18
Bilateral -45 -25 -46 -24 18 -11
Private creditors 531 545 183 381 967 292
Bondholders 400 589 0 196 839 0
Banks and others 131 -44 183 185 129 292
Short-term -27 -490 27 143 -342 387
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 282 844 129 576 88 700
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 229 233 215 209 284 234
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 73 68 68 79 74
Debt service to exports (%) 22 52 45 68 80 68
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 12 12 13 10 11
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 22 24 23 23 25
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 22 20 21 25 16 17
Gross national income (GNI) 17,910 23,592 24,551 25,559 23,325 27,113
72
ERITREA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,037.3 820.8 791.2 771.7 788.5 744.7
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 23.3 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.8 42.5
of which: SDR allocations 23.3 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.8 42.5
Long-term external debt 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
Public sector 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
of which: General government 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 15.5 27.1 34.0 32.7 37.3 38.9

Disbursements (long-term) 8.6 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 0.9

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.6 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 0.9
Public sector 8.6 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 0.9
of which: General government 8.6 6.9 4.2 4.2 2.8 0.9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 16.9 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 19.5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16.9 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 19.5
Public sector 16.9 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 19.5
of which: General government 16.9 23.7 24.9 18.4 19.0 19.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 10.0 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.0 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4
Public sector 10.0 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4
of which: General government 10.0 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 998.4 772.0 736.1 718.1 729.4 663.3
Official creditors 960.5 738.0 703.6 686.2 694.5 631.2
Multilateral 651.4 587.3 571.6 567.1 587.8 565.4
of which: World Bank 467.9 444.9 434.5 432.0 449.9 437.2
Bilateral 309.1 150.7 132.0 119.0 106.8 65.7
Private creditors 38.0 34.1 32.5 31.9 34.9 32.2
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 38.0 34.1 32.5 31.9 34.9 32.2
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 23.3 21.6 21.1 21.0 21.8 42.5

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -8.3 -16.8 -20.6 -14.2 -16.2 -18.6
Official creditors -8.3 -16.8 -20.6 -14.2 -16.2 -18.6
Multilateral 0.1 -1.6 -3.8 -1.7 -2.4 -4.1
of which: World Bank -0.5 0.0 0.0 .. 0.0 0.0
Bilateral -8.4 -15.2 -16.8 -12.5 -13.8 -14.5
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 2.0 -4.0 4.4 -4.4 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 91.0 55.5 61.0 67.1 73.8 70.5
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 66.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.5 3.3 4.3 4.2 4.7 5.2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 62.8 71.6 72.2 73.5 74.5 75.9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11.0 17.5 20.6 24.8 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 1,569.9 .. .. .. .. ..
73
ESWATINI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,016 873 766 834 957 1,130
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 74 69 67 67 183 283
of which: SDR allocations 74 69 67 67 70 173
Long-term external debt 733 622 685 747 748 808
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 431 427 498 540 584 620
Public sector 431 427 498 540 584 620
of which: General government 424 417 488 530 577 620
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 302 195 186 207 164 188
Short-term external debt 208 182 14 20 26 40

Disbursements (long-term) 320 80 113 92 78 121

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 80 113 71 78 97
Public sector 18 80 113 71 78 97
of which: General government 18 80 113 71 78 97
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 302 .. .. 21 .. 24

Principal repayments (long-term) 34 113 41 31 82 49

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34 32 32 31 39 49
Public sector 34 32 32 31 39 49
of which: General government 31 32 32 31 36 42
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 81 8 .. 43 0

Interest payments (long-term) 17 13 15 22 20 15

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 13 15 22 20 15
Public sector 17 13 15 22 20 15
of which: General government 17 13 15 22 20 15
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 0

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 733 622 685 747 748 808
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 431 427 498 540 584 620
Official creditors 390 412 486 529 574 611
Multilateral 239 205 223 245 274 341
of which: World Bank 5 39 40 36 43 87
Bilateral 152 207 263 285 300 270
Private creditors 41 16 12 11 10 9
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 41 16 12 11 10 9
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 302 195 186 207 164 188
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 302 195 186 207 164 188
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 74 69 67 67 183 283

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 109 0
Long-term 286 -33 72 61 -4 72
Official creditors -15 48 82 42 39 48
Multilateral -20 30 24 21 27 73
of which: World Bank -5 11 1 -3 6 44
Bilateral 5 18 57 21 12 -25
Private creditors 301 -81 -10 19 -43 24
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 301 -81 -10 19 -43 24
Short-term 181 128 -168 7 8 13
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 49 45 -14 112 75 74
Portfolio equity 5 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 45 42 37 38 50 50
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 21 18 21 27 25
Debt service to exports (%) 2 6 3 3 5 3
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 21 21 2 2 3 3
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 23 29 29 29 30
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 74 65 58 53 57 51
Gross national income (GNI) 4,213 4,108 4,345 4,042 3,574 4,464
74
ETHIOPIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,286 26,170 27,842 28,377 30,363 30,017
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 485 301 242 318 940 1,317
of which: SDR allocations 197 182 178 177 184 582
Long-term external debt 6,499 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,015 28,171
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,499 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,015 28,171
Public sector 6,499 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,015 28,171
of which: General government 4,070 14,349 15,370 16,658 18,729 18,930
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 302 634 749 482 408 530

Disbursements (long-term) 1,763 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 1,094

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,763 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 1,094
Public sector 1,763 3,522 3,567 2,363 2,194 1,094
of which: General government 747 1,756 1,969 1,577 1,675 766
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 129 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 1,531

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 129 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 1,531
Public sector 129 985 1,138 1,431 1,371 1,531
of which: General government 32 142 167 210 168 208
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 46 430 436 670 599 458

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 46 430 436 670 599 458
Public sector 46 430 436 670 599 458
of which: General government 30 165 201 207 196 202
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 6,499 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,015 28,171
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,499 25,235 26,850 27,576 29,015 28,171
Official creditors 4,612 18,497 19,575 20,618 22,505 22,244
Multilateral 2,812 10,086 11,043 12,200 14,024 14,194
of which: World Bank 1,804 7,040 8,338 9,354 10,991 11,170
Bilateral 1,799 8,411 8,532 8,419 8,481 8,050
Private creditors 1,887 6,738 7,276 6,958 6,511 5,927
Bondholders .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Commercial banks and others 1,887 5,738 6,276 5,958 5,511 4,927
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 485 301 242 318 940 1,317

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 122 -52 -53 78 588 0
Long-term 1,634 2,537 2,428 932 824 -436
Official creditors 1,009 2,161 1,869 1,198 1,307 102
Multilateral 472 1,494 1,703 1,220 1,347 527
of which: World Bank 385 933 1,494 1,075 1,209 494
Bilateral 537 667 166 -21 -40 -425
Private creditors 625 376 559 -267 -483 -538
Bondholders .. .. 0 0 0 0
Banks and others 625 376 559 -267 -483 -538
Short-term 75 -293 115 -267 -74 121
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 288 4,017 3,360 2,549 2,396 4,259
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 157 393 362 371 393 316
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 32 33 30 28 27
Debt service to exports (%) 4 22 21 28 26 21
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 2 3 2 1 2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 39 39 40 43 46 47
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 12 14 11 10 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 29,826 81,285 83,892 95,323 107,045 110,714
75
FIJI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,107 1,268 1,246 1,344 1,519 2,028
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 103 96 93 93 97 226
of which: SDR allocations 103 96 93 93 97 226
Long-term external debt 926 1,109 1,108 1,199 1,400 1,758
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 426 753 738 714 904 1,213
Public sector 353 717 714 702 904 1,213
of which: General government 315 683 681 669 871 1,180
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 73 36 24 12 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 500 355 370 485 497 545
Short-term external debt 78 64 45 53 22 44

Disbursements (long-term) 50 119 86 153 433 399

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 59 37 17 403 326
Public sector 38 59 37 17 403 326
of which: General government 33 58 36 17 403 326
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 13 59 49 136 30 73

Principal repayments (long-term) 36 137 75 59 250 39

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 33 40 38 231 15
Public sector 9 21 28 26 219 15
of which: General government 9 21 26 26 219 15
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 12 12 12 12 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 27 104 35 21 19 24

Interest payments (long-term) 23 30 31 150 24 9

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15 24 26 146 24 9
Public sector 14 23 25 146 24 9
of which: General government 12 23 25 145 24 9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 1 1 1 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7 6 5 4 0 0

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 926 1,109 1,108 1,199 1,400 1,758
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 426 753 738 714 904 1,213
Official creditors 276 553 538 514 904 1,213
Multilateral 113 224 253 263 638 828
of which: World Bank 0 54 73 76 142 326
Bilateral 162 329 285 251 265 385
Private creditors 150 200 200 200 0 ..
Bondholders 150 200 200 200 0 ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 500 355 370 485 497 545
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 500 355 370 485 497 545
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 103 96 93 93 97 226

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 15 -18 11 95 183 360
Official creditors 29 27 -3 -21 372 311
Multilateral 9 51 29 10 374 194
of which: World Bank 0 3 20 3 64 189
Bilateral 19 -25 -32 -30 -2 117
Private creditors -14 -45 15 116 -189 49
Bondholders .. 0 0 0 -200 ..
Banks and others -14 -45 15 116 11 49
Short-term 22 -34 -19 8 -31 23
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 177 418 435 397 207 416
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 59 50 46 50 118 165
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 26 24 27 35 47
Debt service to exports (%) 3 7 4 8 21 4
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 4 4 1 2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 10 18 20 20 42 41
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 65 88 76 77 71 75
Gross national income (GNI) 3,043 4,930 5,222 5,046 4,296 4,360
76
GABON
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,929 6,499 6,811 7,199 7,616 7,722
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 226 412 601 722 1,063 1,427
of which: SDR allocations 226 209 204 203 211 495
Long-term external debt 2,532 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 6,278
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,532 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 6,278
Public sector 2,532 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 6,278
of which: General government 2,531 5,830 5,967 6,060 6,399 6,209
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 170 207 187 360 76 17

Disbursements (long-term) 509 1,173 854 594 1,252 897

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 509 1,173 854 594 1,252 897
Public sector 509 1,173 854 594 1,252 897
of which: General government 509 1,152 826 589 1,235 896
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 313 450 496 424 1,128 906

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 313 450 496 424 1,128 906
Public sector 313 450 496 424 1,128 906
of which: General government 313 449 494 423 1,126 902
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 137 168 216 252 273 219

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 137 168 216 252 273 219
Public sector 137 168 216 252 273 219
of which: General government 137 167 215 250 272 218
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,532 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 6,278
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,532 5,880 6,022 6,118 6,478 6,278
Official creditors 1,136 2,672 3,043 3,397 3,590 3,344
Multilateral 466 1,450 1,697 1,920 2,081 1,932
of which: World Bank 22 336 369 581 680 654
Bilateral 670 1,222 1,346 1,477 1,508 1,412
Private creditors 1,397 3,207 2,980 2,720 2,888 2,934
Bondholders 879 2,200 2,186 2,186 2,436 2,573
Commercial banks and others 518 1,007 794 534 452 360
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 226 412 601 722 1,063 1,427

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 198 202 123 301 107
Long-term 196 722 358 169 124 -9
Official creditors 36 850 486 400 -26 -77
Multilateral 16 786 331 257 -1 -5
of which: World Bank 6 249 64 220 46 25
Bilateral 19 64 155 143 -25 -72
Private creditors 160 -128 -128 -231 150 68
Bondholders -23 -18 -14 .. 250 137
Banks and others 183 -110 -114 -231 -100 -70
Short-term 67 -37 -11 178 -299 -60
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 651 1,314 1,379 1,553 1,717 1,635
Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 31 .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 46 43 46 53 45
Debt service to exports (%) 5 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 3 3 5 1 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 16 22 25 27 27 25
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 59 15 19 19 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 12,484 13,986 15,755 15,511 14,503 17,052
77
GAMBIA, THE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 543 695 723 802 919 1,074
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 77 94 84 77 103 228
of which: SDR allocations 46 42 41 41 43 125
Long-term external debt 422 587 621 698 787 808
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 422 587 621 698 787 808
Public sector 422 587 621 698 787 808
of which: General government 404 580 617 697 786 808
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 45 14 19 26 29 38

Disbursements (long-term) 43 134 71 107 92 58

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43 134 71 107 92 58
Public sector 43 134 71 107 92 58
of which: General government 36 134 71 107 92 58
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 18 26 29 28 20 21

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 18 26 29 28 20 21
Public sector 18 26 29 28 20 21
of which: General government 13 23 26 26 19 21
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 7 6 7 9 7 10

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7 6 7 9 7 10
Public sector 7 6 7 9 7 10
of which: General government 6 6 6 8 7 10
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 422 587 621 698 787 808
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 422 587 621 698 787 808
Official creditors 415 584 620 698 787 808
Multilateral 295 421 450 469 521 526
of which: World Bank 65 105 116 118 128 131
Bilateral 120 163 169 230 265 283
Private creditors 6 3 1 0 0 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 6 3 1 0 0 0
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 77 94 84 77 103 228

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 3 9 -8 -6 22 45
Long-term 25 108 41 80 72 37
Official creditors 22 110 43 81 72 37
Multilateral 14 88 36 20 39 21
of which: World Bank 2 44 13 3 5 7
Bilateral 8 22 7 60 33 16
Private creditors 3 -2 -2 -1 .. 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 3 -2 -2 -1 .. 0
Short-term 1 -4 3 8 2 10
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 37 64 82 71 190 252
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 194 247 193 215 501 764
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 47 44 45 51 53
Debt service to exports (%) 9 14 12 12 19 26
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 2 3 3 3 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 54 61 62 58 57 49
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 24 27 32 42 61
Gross national income (GNI) 1,513 1,477 1,641 1,784 1,799 2,027
78
GEORGIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 8,790 16,424 17,326 18,757 20,089 22,053
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,272 397 416 448 792 1,158
of which: SDR allocations 222 205 200 199 207 484
Long-term external debt 6,418 13,584 14,593 16,033 16,974 18,524
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,274 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 9,081
Public sector 3,274 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 9,081
of which: General government 3,024 5,865 5,999 6,243 7,717 8,581
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,143 6,969 7,844 9,040 9,007 9,442
Short-term external debt 1,101 2,443 2,318 2,276 2,322 2,372

Disbursements (long-term) 1,026 2,003 2,468 2,983 2,508 3,792

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 651 536 567 616 1,452 2,543
Public sector 651 536 567 616 1,452 2,543
of which: General government 401 536 567 616 1,452 2,043
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 375 1,467 1,900 2,367 1,056 1,249

Principal repayments (long-term) 510 1,974 1,681 1,669 1,820 2,002

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 169 434 300 324 799 1,079
Public sector 169 434 300 324 799 1,079
of which: General government 169 184 300 324 299 829
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 342 1,540 1,381 1,345 1,022 923

Interest payments (long-term) 247 526 609 676 587 655

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 87 175 167 185 135 100
Public sector 87 175 167 185 135 100
of which: General government 87 111 112 129 118 92
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 160 351 442 491 452 554

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 6,418 13,584 14,593 16,033 16,974 18,524
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,274 6,615 6,749 6,993 7,967 9,081
Official creditors 2,448 4,416 4,580 4,880 6,329 6,941
Multilateral 1,802 3,664 3,794 3,934 4,798 5,375
of which: World Bank 1,359 2,026 1,960 1,879 2,054 2,043
Bilateral 645 752 786 946 1,531 1,567
Private creditors 827 2,199 2,169 2,113 1,638 2,140
Bondholders 750 1,250 1,250 1,250 750 1,000
Commercial banks and others 77 949 919 863 888 1,140
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,143 6,969 7,844 9,040 9,007 9,442
Bondholders .. 1,152 1,660 3,320 3,372 3,535
Commercial banks and others 3,143 5,817 6,184 5,720 5,635 5,907
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,272 397 416 448 792 1,158

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 275 70 28 35 315 108
Long-term 516 29 787 1,314 688 1,790
Official creditors 330 315 259 344 1,142 962
Multilateral 294 337 212 181 659 808
of which: World Bank 126 125 -31 -58 115 39
Bilateral 36 -22 48 163 482 154
Private creditors 186 -287 528 970 -454 828
Bondholders 250 -454 236 1,323 -290 383
Banks and others -64 167 291 -353 -164 445
Short-term 176 181 -262 -19 37 43
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 740 1,727 1,282 1,339 529 935
Portfolio equity -22 -2 4 -6 1 2

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 191 189 170 172 292 241
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 73 106 102 112 133 125
Debt service to exports (%) 18 30 24 23 35 29
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 13 15 13 12 12 11
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 21 22 22 21 24 24
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 19 19 19 19 19
Gross national income (GNI) 12,026 15,447 16,912 16,693 15,104 17,666
79
GHANA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 8,365 22,519 23,575 27,082 31,871 36,182
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 937 1,465 1,508 1,576 2,612 3,411
of which: SDR allocations 545 504 492 489 510 1,485
Long-term external debt 5,337 17,722 18,415 20,865 24,084 27,623
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,337 17,469 18,162 20,612 23,831 27,370
Public sector 5,337 17,469 18,162 20,612 23,831 27,370
of which: General government 4,782 16,370 17,067 19,552 22,741 26,297
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 253 253 253 253 253
Short-term external debt 2,092 3,333 3,653 4,641 5,175 5,147

Disbursements (long-term) 1,314 1,253 2,767 3,990 4,417 5,757

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,314 1,253 2,767 3,990 4,417 5,757
Public sector 1,314 1,253 2,767 3,990 4,417 5,757
of which: General government 1,078 1,227 2,730 3,985 4,400 5,694
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 171 1,205 1,857 1,475 1,622 1,824

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 171 1,205 1,857 1,475 1,622 1,824
Public sector 171 1,205 1,857 1,475 1,622 1,824
of which: General government 150 1,194 1,843 1,443 1,587 1,780
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 96 745 675 885 941 1,220

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 96 739 669 878 934 1,214
Public sector 96 739 669 878 934 1,214
of which: General government 89 730 661 869 925 1,204
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 6 6 6 6 6

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,337 17,722 18,415 20,865 24,084 27,623
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,337 17,469 18,162 20,612 23,831 27,370
Official creditors 4,215 9,087 8,772 8,734 9,258 9,526
Multilateral 2,743 5,383 5,378 5,498 6,065 6,292
of which: World Bank 1,868 3,945 3,926 3,989 4,477 4,663
Bilateral 1,472 3,705 3,394 3,236 3,194 3,233
Private creditors 1,122 8,381 9,390 11,878 14,573 17,844
Bondholders .. 3,750 4,978 7,695 10,215 13,120
Commercial banks and others 1,122 4,631 4,412 4,183 4,358 4,724
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 253 253 253 253 253
Bondholders 0 253 253 253 253 253
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 937 1,465 1,508 1,576 2,612 3,411

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 124 18 78 76 939 -119
Long-term 1,143 47 910 2,515 2,796 3,932
Official creditors 923 123 -155 6 243 491
Multilateral 435 399 111 147 358 389
of which: World Bank 308 323 75 88 309 316
Bilateral 488 -276 -266 -141 -115 102
Private creditors 220 -76 1,065 2,509 2,553 3,441
Bondholders 0 .. 1,228 2,717 2,521 2,904
Banks and others 220 -76 -163 -208 32 537
Short-term 571 409 290 1,005 390 398
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 2,527 3,255 2,989 3,880 1,876 2,614
Portfolio equity 18 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 88 109 102 104 140 246
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 26 39 37 41 45 48
Debt service to exports (%) 3 10 12 10 12 22
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 25 15 15 17 16 14
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 33 24 23 20 19 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 30 25 26 23 26
Gross national income (GNI) 31,663 57,432 64,270 65,527 70,777 75,637
80
GRENADA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 560.6 561.5 554.5 525.5 658.5 725.6
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 46.3 44.5 38.6 35.6 58.8 76.6
of which: SDR allocations 17.2 15.9 15.5 15.4 16.1 37.6
Long-term external debt 476.7 495.0 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 476.7 495.0 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
Public sector 476.7 495.0 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
of which: General government 472.4 494.6 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 37.6 22.0 16.7 13.8 102.2 120.4

Disbursements (long-term) 21.1 14.8 38.3 12.0 44.9 65.8

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21.1 14.8 38.3 12.0 44.9 65.8
Public sector 21.1 14.8 38.3 12.0 44.9 65.8
of which: General government 21.1 14.8 38.3 12.0 44.9 65.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 15.1 32.1 33.3 34.2 28.7 30.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15.1 32.1 33.3 34.2 28.7 30.7
Public sector 15.1 32.1 33.3 34.2 28.7 30.7
of which: General government 14.8 31.7 32.9 34.2 28.7 30.7
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 10.5 22.7 17.4 17.0 15.6 15.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.5 22.7 17.4 17.0 15.6 15.0
Public sector 10.5 22.7 17.4 17.0 15.6 15.0
of which: General government 10.4 22.7 17.4 17.0 15.6 15.0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 476.7 495.0 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 476.7 495.0 499.1 476.0 497.6 528.6
Official creditors 278.2 356.0 370.3 358.4 390.6 432.4
Multilateral 187.8 256.0 278.7 273.6 305.0 329.0
of which: World Bank 58.2 102.0 131.1 131.4 161.4 187.0
Bilateral 90.4 100.0 91.7 84.7 85.6 103.3
Private creditors 198.5 139.0 128.8 117.6 107.0 96.3
Bondholders 193.2 135.6 126.7 115.9 105.4 94.8
Commercial banks and others 5.3 3.3 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.5
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 46.3 44.5 38.6 35.6 58.8 76.6

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 6.4 -2.0 -4.9 -2.8 21.0 -2.6
Long-term 6.0 -17.3 5.0 -22.2 16.2 35.1
Official creditors 10.4 -5.9 16.8 -11.0 26.9 45.8
Multilateral 13.4 -0.4 24.8 -4.1 27.4 28.3
of which: World Bank 8.6 7.3 31.3 1.2 26.1 29.9
Bilateral -3.1 -5.6 -8.1 -7.0 -0.5 17.5
Private creditors -4.4 -11.4 -11.7 -11.1 -10.7 -10.7
Bondholders .. -10.6 -10.6 -10.7 -10.6 -10.6
Banks and others -4.4 -0.8 -1.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1
Short-term -2.0 -5.3 -5.8 -3.3 87.9 17.5
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 42.3 162.0 162.4 197.6 150.6 143.4
Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.4

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 293.6 94.6 87.2 77.2 150.3 175.9
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 76.7 55.9 52.4 48.0 65.9 67.9
Debt service to exports (%) 13.6 10.1 8.8 8.0 11.2 12.6
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6.7 3.9 3.0 2.6 15.5 16.6
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 33.5 45.6 50.3 52.1 46.3 45.4
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21.3 35.5 42.2 45.0 44.5 48.0
Gross national income (GNI) 731.1 1,004.1 1,057.6 1,093.9 999.2 1,069.2
81
GUATEMALA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 15,043 23,265 24,275 25,035 24,813 26,965
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 309 286 279 278 289 856
of which: SDR allocations 309 286 279 278 289 856
Long-term external debt 13,149 21,936 22,397 23,419 23,136 24,732
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,559 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,061 11,710
Public sector 5,559 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,061 11,710
of which: General government 5,061 8,134 8,234 9,686 10,942 11,621
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7,589 13,570 13,969 13,576 12,075 13,022
Short-term external debt 1,585 1,042 1,599 1,338 1,388 1,376

Disbursements (long-term) 1,472 5,197 882 2,020 1,957 2,092

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 881 662 406 1,812 1,745 1,061
Public sector 881 662 406 1,812 1,745 1,061
of which: General government 878 662 406 1,812 1,745 1,061
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 592 4,536 476 208 212 1,030

Principal repayments (long-term) 949 3,226 416 994 2,252 476

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 264 457 342 394 539 393
Public sector 264 457 342 394 539 393
of which: General government 242 419 305 357 502 363
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 685 2,768 74 599 1,713 84

Interest payments (long-term) 636 922 714 999 1,226 1,044

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 284 376 267 408 521 496
Public sector 284 376 267 408 521 496
of which: General government 253 362 255 397 513 491
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 352 546 447 591 705 547

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 13,149 21,936 22,397 23,419 23,136 24,732
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,559 8,366 8,428 9,843 11,061 11,710
Official creditors 4,600 5,406 5,470 5,188 5,209 4,861
Multilateral 4,241 4,911 4,977 4,686 4,820 4,509
of which: World Bank 1,372 1,555 1,718 1,641 1,758 1,689
Bilateral 359 496 493 502 389 352
Private creditors 959 2,960 2,958 4,655 5,853 6,849
Bondholders 955 2,930 2,930 4,630 5,830 6,830
Commercial banks and others 4 30 28 25 23 19
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7,589 13,570 13,969 13,576 12,075 13,022
Bondholders 5 1,650 1,650 1,500 700 1,700
Commercial banks and others 7,584 11,920 12,319 12,076 11,375 11,322
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 309 286 279 278 289 856

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 524 1,972 466 1,026 -295 1,615
Official creditors 615 -291 65 -280 9 -328
Multilateral 630 -289 68 -288 133 -310
of which: World Bank 260 -124 163 -78 118 -69
Bilateral -15 -2 -2 8 -125 -18
Private creditors -91 2,263 400 1,306 -304 1,944
Bondholders .. 1,000 .. 1,550 400 2,000
Banks and others -91 1,263 400 -244 -704 -56
Short-term 359 122 556 -261 49 -11
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 794 880 1,037 930 891 3,403
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 151 166 170 171 181 167
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 38 33 34 33 33 32
Debt service to exports (%) 16 30 8 14 26 10
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 4 7 5 6 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 21 21 19 19 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 49 51 58 73 76
Gross national income (GNI) 39,643 70,153 71,706 75,616 76,142 84,327
82
GUINEA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 3,245 2,394 2,595 3,005 4,161 4,702
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 205 426 464 481 668 886
of which: SDR allocations 158 146 143 142 148 431
Long-term external debt 2,925 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,343 3,591
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,925 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,343 3,591
Public sector 2,925 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,343 3,586
of which: General government 2,717 1,815 1,942 2,274 3,269 3,496
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 115 108 142 193 150 226

Disbursements (long-term) 36 90 239 422 945 363

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36 90 239 422 945 363
Public sector 36 90 239 422 945 358
of which: General government 24 85 235 411 934 334
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 48 57 82 72 34 59

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 48 57 82 72 34 59
Public sector 48 57 82 72 34 59
of which: General government 47 57 82 72 34 58
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 21 22 29 30 40 50

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 22 29 30 40 50
Public sector 21 22 29 30 40 50
of which: General government 14 22 28 29 39 49
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,925 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,343 3,591
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,925 1,860 1,989 2,331 3,343 3,591
Official creditors 2,900 1,836 1,966 2,263 3,115 3,308
Multilateral 1,875 690 823 1,028 1,251 1,458
of which: World Bank 1,248 252 344 471 572 621
Bilateral 1,025 1,146 1,142 1,235 1,864 1,850
Private creditors 25 24 24 68 228 283
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 25 24 24 68 228 283
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 205 426 464 481 668 886

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -10 24 49 20 162 -52
Long-term -13 33 157 350 911 304
Official creditors -13 33 157 306 766 229
Multilateral -7 35 148 208 159 243
of which: World Bank 0 17 98 129 79 66
Bilateral -6 -2 9 98 608 -14
Private creditors .. .. .. 44 145 74
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. 44 145 74
Short-term 75 28 34 52 -44 76
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment .. 40 -28 13 12 34
Portfolio equity .. 1 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 210 51 63 73 46 46
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 48 23 23 24 32 34
Debt service to exports (%) 5 2 3 3 2 2
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 5 5 6 4 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58 29 32 34 30 31
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 41 45 40 30 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 6,776 10,274 11,449 12,782 12,853 13,991
83
GUINEA-BISSAU
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,097 500 594 692 917 1,112
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25 52 53 50 49 103
of which: SDR allocations 21 19 19 19 20 57
Long-term external debt 980 427 511 594 820 950
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 980 427 511 594 820 950
Public sector 980 427 511 594 820 950
of which: General government 970 427 511 594 820 950
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 92 21 30 47 48 60

Disbursements (long-term) 10 94 125 95 206 183

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10 94 125 95 206 183
Public sector 10 94 125 95 206 183
of which: General government 10 94 125 95 206 183
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 6 9 9 8 11 24

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6 9 9 8 11 24
Public sector 6 9 9 8 11 24
of which: General government 6 9 9 8 11 24
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 4 4 6 8 12 20

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 4 6 8 12 20
Public sector 4 4 6 8 12 20
of which: General government 4 4 6 8 12 20
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 980 427 511 594 820 950
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 980 427 511 594 820 950
Official creditors 980 358 415 468 607 628
Multilateral 496 238 294 348 488 510
of which: World Bank 289 67 111 126 164 182
Bilateral 484 121 120 120 119 118
Private creditors .. 69 97 126 213 322
Bondholders .. 69 97 126 213 322
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25 52 53 50 49 103

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 8 6 2 -2 -3 17
Long-term 4 85 116 87 195 159
Official creditors 4 44 88 57 109 50
Multilateral -2 38 89 58 109 52
of which: World Bank -1 9 46 16 31 24
Bilateral 6 6 -1 -1 -1 -1
Private creditors .. 41 28 29 86 109
Bondholders .. 41 28 29 86 109
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term -6 1 9 17 1 12
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 26 16 17 71 45 24
Portfolio equity 3 .. .. 0 .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 597 119 136 187 306 918
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 130 37 41 47 63 68
Debt service to exports (%) 10 4 4 5 9 39
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 4 5 7 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45 48 50 50 53 46
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 14 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 846 1,353 1,454 1,470 1,456 1,641
84
GUYANA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,408 1,582 1,607 1,530 1,507 1,890
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 190 124 121 120 125 366
of which: SDR allocations 134 124 121 120 125 366
Long-term external debt 885 1,343 1,362 1,361 1,327 1,467
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 885 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 1,342
Public sector 885 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 1,342
of which: General government 816 1,099 1,170 1,220 1,237 1,308
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 208 157 106 56 125
Short-term external debt 333 116 124 49 54 57

Disbursements (long-term) 123 109 138 92 48 218

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 123 109 138 92 48 121
Public sector 123 109 138 92 48 121
of which: General government 123 109 138 92 48 121
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. 97

Principal repayments (long-term) 16 66 106 105 103 85

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 39 55 54 52 57
Public sector 16 39 55 54 52 57
of which: General government 15 38 55 54 52 57
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 27 51 51 51 28

Interest payments (long-term) 11 32 33 33 30 25

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 19 22 23 24 23
Public sector 11 19 22 23 24 23
of which: General government 11 19 22 23 24 22
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 13 11 9 6 3

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 885 1,343 1,362 1,361 1,327 1,467
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 885 1,135 1,205 1,255 1,271 1,342
Official creditors 869 1,101 1,172 1,223 1,240 1,312
Multilateral 533 726 788 815 825 910
of which: World Bank 9 36 75 83 90 92
Bilateral 336 376 384 408 415 402
Private creditors 16 33 33 32 31 30
Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial banks and others 16 33 33 32 31 30
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 208 157 106 56 125
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 208 157 106 56 125
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 190 124 121 120 125 366

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -1 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 107 44 32 -12 -55 133
Official creditors 107 53 84 39 -4 65
Multilateral 56 26 64 28 6 84
of which: World Bank 0 9 41 8 4 5
Bilateral 51 27 19 11 -9 -19
Private creditors 0 -10 -51 -51 -51 68
Bondholders .. .. .. 0 0 0
Banks and others 0 -10 -51 -51 -51 68
Short-term -125 -122 6 -7 5 2
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 39 274 957 1,514 1,087 1,162
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 118 93 100 82 52 114
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 41 33 34 30 28 27
Debt service to exports (%) 3 6 9 7 5 7
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 7 8 3 4 3
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38 46 49 53 55 48
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 36 32 37 45 42
Gross national income (GNI) 3,446 4,737 4,760 5,127 5,315 7,104
85
HAITI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 959 2,170 2,220 2,214 2,318 2,604
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 135 213 201 185 291 502
of which: SDR allocations 122 111 110 107 111 332
Long-term external debt 824 1,955 2,019 2,012 2,027 2,102
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 824 1,954 2,019 2,012 2,027 2,098
Public sector 824 1,954 2,019 2,012 2,027 2,098
of which: General government 778 1,923 1,990 1,987 2,004 2,078
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 0 0 0 4
Short-term external debt 0 2 0 16 0 0

Disbursements (long-term) 288 16 40 3 .. 87

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 288 16 40 3 .. 83
Public sector 288 16 40 3 .. 83
of which: General government 288 16 40 3 .. 83
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 4

Principal repayments (long-term) 122 9 5 7 7 12

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 122 6 5 6 7 12
Public sector 122 6 5 6 7 12
of which: General government 121 3 2 3 4 9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 4 0 0 .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 5 3 3 2 3

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 5 3 3 2 3
Public sector 8 5 3 3 2 3
of which: General government 8 4 3 2 2 3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 0 0 0 .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 824 1,955 2,019 2,012 2,027 2,102
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 824 1,954 2,019 2,012 2,027 2,098
Official creditors 774 1,909 1,973 1,968 1,984 2,057
Multilateral 557 101 99 96 92 86
of which: World Bank 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Bilateral 217 1,808 1,874 1,872 1,891 1,971
Private creditors 50 45 45 44 43 41
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 50 45 45 44 43 41
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 1 0 0 0 4
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 1 0 0 0 4
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 135 213 201 185 291 502

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 125 -6 -10 -11 98 -10
Long-term 165 7 35 -3 -7 75
Official creditors 165 11 35 -2 -6 73
Multilateral 42 15 -2 1 -3 -6
of which: World Bank -36 .. .. .. .. ..
Bilateral 123 -4 37 -3 -3 80
Private creditors .. -4 0 -1 -1 2
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. -4 0 -1 -1 2
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 178 375 105 75 25 51
Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 91 125 120 123 218 203
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 8 14 13 15 16 12
Debt service to exports (%) 13 1 1 1 2 2
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 1 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 58 5 4 4 4 3
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 201 103 99 102 107 102
Gross national income (GNI) 11,882 15,094 16,505 14,835 14,537 20,967
86
HONDURAS
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,008 8,742 9,167 9,745 11,026 11,850
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 220 176 172 171 664 1,103
of which: SDR allocations 191 176 172 171 178 508
Long-term external debt 3,413 8,072 8,293 8,795 9,733 9,734
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,834 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 8,627
Public sector 2,834 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 8,627
of which: General government 2,678 6,793 6,967 7,379 8,305 8,378
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 579 946 942 1,044 1,145 1,107
Short-term external debt 374 493 702 778 628 1,013

Disbursements (long-term) 906 1,695 1,013 1,079 2,058 833

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 454 1,160 523 693 1,604 389
Public sector 454 1,160 523 693 1,604 389
of which: General government 452 1,061 466 671 1,604 389
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 452 535 490 386 454 445

Principal repayments (long-term) 453 713 730 553 1,194 876

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 203 256 276 822 299
Public sector 63 203 256 276 822 299
of which: General government 54 199 251 242 732 267
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 390 510 474 277 372 576

Interest payments (long-term) 56 238 285 328 321 290

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 46 220 267 305 302 247
Public sector 46 220 267 305 302 247
of which: General government 43 206 256 286 286 246
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 10 19 18 23 19 44

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,413 8,072 8,293 8,795 9,733 9,734
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,834 7,126 7,351 7,751 8,589 8,627
Official creditors 2,704 4,965 5,183 5,620 6,392 6,489
Multilateral 1,907 4,135 4,395 4,564 5,404 5,554
of which: World Bank 602 985 937 908 1,034 1,015
Bilateral 796 830 788 1,056 988 935
Private creditors 131 2,161 2,168 2,131 2,197 2,138
Bondholders .. 1,700 1,700 1,700 1,800 1,800
Commercial banks and others 131 461 468 431 397 338
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 579 946 942 1,044 1,145 1,107
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 300
Commercial banks and others 579 946 942 1,044 1,145 807
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 220 176 172 171 664 1,103

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -2 .. .. .. 470 125
Long-term 454 982 283 526 864 -42
Official creditors 393 197 255 452 727 139
Multilateral 389 183 284 178 804 175
of which: World Bank 109 -4 -28 -23 95 2
Bilateral 3 14 -29 274 -77 -36
Private creditors 61 785 28 74 137 -182
Bondholders .. 700 0 0 100 300
Banks and others 61 85 28 74 37 -482
Short-term 124 55 210 76 -151 384
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 592 862 766 716 297 957
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 80 117 125 131 172 147
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 40 41 42 50 45
Debt service to exports (%) 10 13 14 12 24 15
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 6 8 8 6 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 48 47 48 47 49 47
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 67 54 52 59 73 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 15,110 21,721 22,173 23,102 22,170 26,172
87
INDIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 290,428 511,473 521,030 560,871 565,053 612,866
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 6,127 5,666 5,533 5,501 5,730 23,160
of which: SDR allocations 6,127 5,666 5,533 5,501 5,730 23,160
Long-term external debt 227,853 408,198 411,573 448,590 455,790 475,076
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 100,563 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,613 205,105
Public sector 100,507 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,613 205,105
of which: General government 78,545 141,985 134,209 140,056 139,287 144,710
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 56 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 127,290 225,284 231,179 256,729 263,177 269,972
Short-term external debt 56,448 97,609 103,924 106,780 103,533 114,629

Disbursements (long-term) 43,406 78,141 52,132 71,708 68,616 58,337

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 24,337 39,420 18,990 24,616 22,372 30,093
Public sector 24,337 39,420 18,990 24,616 22,372 30,093
of which: General government 18,716 33,034 7,864 11,596 13,974 13,502
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 19,069 38,721 33,141 47,093 46,244 28,244

Principal repayments (long-term) 19,018 38,667 46,229 34,762 64,142 35,142

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,164 11,982 21,016 13,220 24,346 13,693
Public sector 5,144 11,982 21,016 13,220 24,346 13,693
of which: General government 2,630 4,189 15,244 5,822 16,958 5,192
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 20 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 13,854 26,684 25,213 21,543 39,796 21,449

Interest payments (long-term) 4,675 10,346 13,975 12,888 11,197 12,264

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,063 2,151 2,615 3,283 1,654 2,516
Public sector 1,061 2,151 2,615 3,283 1,654 2,516
of which: General government 687 952 1,217 1,496 1,281 1,012
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,612 8,195 11,361 9,605 9,543 9,749

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 227,853 408,198 411,573 448,590 455,790 475,076
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 100,563 182,914 180,395 191,861 192,613 205,105
Official creditors 72,499 78,044 81,001 84,366 95,958 99,480
Multilateral 46,513 52,976 54,165 56,404 64,262 67,536
of which: World Bank 37,068 37,234 36,464 36,809 39,577 39,742
Bilateral 25,986 25,068 26,836 27,961 31,696 31,944
Private creditors 28,065 104,870 99,394 107,495 96,655 105,625
Bondholders 14,700 81,997 73,809 81,351 71,333 75,093
Commercial banks and others 13,364 22,873 25,585 26,144 25,322 30,532
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 127,290 225,284 231,179 256,729 263,177 269,972
Bondholders 13,217 14,645 13,962 19,197 26,124 29,479
Commercial banks and others 114,073 210,639 217,216 237,532 237,053 240,493
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 6,127 5,666 5,533 5,501 5,730 23,160

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 24,388 39,474 5,903 36,946 4,475 23,195
Official creditors 5,221 2,450 3,420 3,301 9,093 6,812
Multilateral 4,581 885 1,747 2,381 6,990 3,897
of which: World Bank 3,027 -369 -243 465 1,985 706
Bilateral 640 1,564 1,673 920 2,103 2,916
Private creditors 19,168 37,025 2,482 33,645 -4,618 16,382
Bondholders 10,339 33,310 -8,417 12,784 -3,156 7,202
Banks and others 8,829 3,715 10,899 20,861 -1,462 9,181
Short-term 9,845 13,676 6,315 2,856 -3,246 11,096
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 27,357 37,098 39,234 43,136 59,496 41,121
Portfolio equity 30,442 5,928 -4,361 13,769 24,854 5,223

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 81 101 93 99 111 92
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 18 20 19 20 21 20
Debt service to exports (%) 7 10 11 9 15 7
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 19 20 19 18 19
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 16 10 10 10 11 11
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 95 76 72 77 97 97
Gross national income (GNI) 1,657,660 2,622,800 2,673,994 2,804,314 2,631,758 3,123,967
88
INDONESIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 198,278 353,564 379,589 402,106 417,046 416,471
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 3,050 2,820 2,754 2,739 2,852 9,007
of which: SDR allocations 3,050 2,820 2,754 2,739 2,852 9,007
Long-term external debt 162,181 304,012 328,875 354,569 369,706 358,846
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102,748 194,953 215,072 233,528 247,933 242,719
Public sector 102,748 194,953 215,072 233,528 247,933 242,719
of which: General government 94,026 175,600 183,261 199,076 206,505 200,021
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 59,433 109,059 113,802 121,041 121,773 116,128
Short-term external debt 33,047 46,731 47,960 44,799 44,488 48,617

Disbursements (long-term) 34,335 78,616 72,086 94,778 65,182 54,743

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,695 27,535 31,060 31,656 30,344 28,452
Public sector 13,695 27,535 31,060 31,656 30,344 28,452
of which: General government 8,139 24,690 15,822 25,950 20,865 25,152
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 20,640 51,081 41,026 63,122 34,838 26,292

Principal repayments (long-term) 26,202 46,884 42,905 68,392 52,577 62,002

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,072 11,765 10,614 13,235 18,469 30,067
Public sector 8,072 11,765 10,614 13,235 18,469 30,067
of which: General government 7,823 5,961 7,858 10,178 15,905 28,092
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 18,129 35,119 32,291 55,157 34,108 31,935

Interest payments (long-term) 4,944 10,595 10,703 12,046 13,518 10,697

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,034 6,579 6,767 7,867 9,348 7,750
Public sector 3,034 6,579 6,767 7,867 9,348 7,750
of which: General government 2,834 5,520 5,873 6,281 6,729 5,795
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,910 4,015 3,936 4,179 4,170 2,946

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 162,181 304,012 328,875 354,569 369,706 358,846
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102,748 194,953 215,072 233,528 247,933 242,719
Official creditors 66,180 51,666 53,072 52,276 57,932 54,804
Multilateral 22,567 28,363 30,099 31,447 34,077 33,970
of which: World Bank 11,367 17,941 18,507 19,109 19,669 19,622
Bilateral 43,613 23,302 22,973 20,829 23,855 20,834
Private creditors 36,568 143,287 162,000 181,251 190,001 187,915
Bondholders 28,698 135,396 151,001 173,224 182,704 181,822
Commercial banks and others 7,870 7,891 10,999 8,027 7,297 6,093
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 59,433 109,059 113,802 121,041 121,773 116,128
Bondholders 8,437 14,383 15,038 16,515 18,208 17,464
Commercial banks and others 50,996 94,677 98,764 104,526 103,565 98,664
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 3,050 2,820 2,754 2,739 2,852 9,007

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 8,134 31,732 29,182 26,386 12,605 -7,258
Official creditors 1,404 -905 1,401 -927 3,978 -609
Multilateral 1,367 736 1,785 1,354 2,149 793
of which: World Bank 1,287 645 594 617 472 150
Bilateral 37 -1,641 -384 -2,282 1,829 -1,401
Private creditors 6,729 32,637 27,780 27,313 8,627 -6,650
Bondholders 3,198 21,257 16,496 23,767 10,493 -674
Banks and others 3,531 11,380 11,284 3,546 -1,866 -5,976
Short-term 8,998 6,046 1,229 -3,161 -311 4,130
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 12,447 18,839 19,993 25,069 19,348 20,566
Portfolio equity 2,132 -2,538 -3,668 -397 -4,362 3,131

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 118 177 172 194 227 164
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 36 38 37 40 36
Debt service to exports (%) 19 29 25 39 37 29
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 13 13 11 11 12
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 8 8 8 8 8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 47 36 31 31 31 34
Gross national income (GNI) 734,988 983,438 1,011,213 1,085,079 1,030,410 1,154,465
89
IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 19,769 6,819 5,774 4,855 5,433 10,349
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,196 2,031 1,983 1,972 2,054 6,781
of which: SDR allocations 2,196 2,031 1,983 1,972 2,054 6,781
Long-term external debt 5,960 589 1,637 1,285 1,313 1,060
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,960 589 437 370 419 332
Public sector 5,947 589 437 370 419 332
of which: General government 929 280 206 141 132 76
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 1,200 915 894 727
Short-term external debt 11,613 4,199 2,154 1,599 2,067 2,508

Disbursements (long-term) 249 123 0 29 116 21

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 249 123 0 29 116 21
Public sector 244 123 0 29 116 21
of which: General government 72 0 0 .. 52 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,532 387 138 256 263 254

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,532 387 138 93 84 88
Public sector 1,530 387 138 93 84 88
of which: General government 33 99 74 65 65 52
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 163 178 167

Interest payments (long-term) 136 22 18 33 26 46

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 136 22 18 15 15 7
Public sector 135 22 18 15 15 7
of which: General government 13 7 6 7 4 1
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 18 11 39

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,960 589 1,637 1,285 1,313 1,060
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,960 589 437 370 419 332
Official creditors 2,068 520 413 325 300 225
Multilateral 833 342 272 199 190 119
of which: World Bank 801 271 206 141 132 76
Bilateral 1,234 177 141 126 110 106
Private creditors 3,892 70 24 45 118 107
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 3,892 70 24 45 118 107
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 0 1,200 915 894 727
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 0 1,200 915 894 727
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,196 2,031 1,983 1,972 2,054 6,781

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -1,283 -264 -138 -227 -146 -233
Official creditors -202 -88 -93 -86 -33 -64
Multilateral 78 -72 -67 -72 -18 -62
of which: World Bank 64 -84 -65 -65 -13 -52
Bilateral -281 -16 -26 -14 -15 -1
Private creditors -1,081 -176 -45 -141 -113 -169
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1,081 -176 -45 -141 -113 -169
Short-term 2,826 886 -2,047 -612 427 434
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 3,649 5,019 2,373 1,508 1,342 1,425
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 20 6 5 7 10 13
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 4 1 2 2 2 ..
Debt service to exports (%) 2 0 0 0 1 0
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 59 62 37 33 38 24
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 4 5 5 4 4 1
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 486,887 487,226 332,579 291,561 231,042 ..
90
IRAQ
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks .. 28,103 27,790 27,468 26,299 25,263
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations .. 5,013 4,741 4,019 2,944 4,126
of which: SDR allocations .. 1,616 1,578 1,569 1,634 3,820
Long-term external debt .. 22,000 22,467 22,687 22,775 20,516
Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 22,000 22,467 22,687 22,775 20,516
Public sector .. 22,000 22,467 22,687 22,775 20,516
of which: General government .. 20,767 21,352 21,689 21,823 19,601
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt .. 1,090 582 762 580 620

Disbursements (long-term) .. 4,349 1,831 1,283 1,683 816

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 4,349 1,831 1,283 1,683 816
Public sector .. 4,349 1,831 1,283 1,683 816
of which: General government .. 4,349 1,831 1,282 1,618 726
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) .. 816 899 1,054 1,967 2,509

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 816 899 1,054 1,967 2,509
Public sector .. 816 899 1,054 1,967 2,509
of which: General government .. 698 782 937 1,850 2,392
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) .. 579 855 848 803 676

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 579 855 848 803 676
Public sector .. 579 855 848 803 676
of which: General government .. 510 792 791 752 630
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks .. 22,000 22,467 22,687 22,775 20,516
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: .. 22,000 22,467 22,687 22,775 20,516
Official creditors .. 17,331 17,450 17,022 16,896 15,147
Multilateral .. 3,392 3,497 3,568 3,623 3,607
of which: World Bank .. 3,348 3,466 3,550 3,618 3,606
Bilateral .. 13,940 13,954 13,453 13,273 11,539
Private creditors .. 4,668 5,017 5,665 5,879 5,370
Bondholders .. 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Commercial banks and others .. 2,668 3,017 3,665 3,879 3,370
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations .. 5,013 4,741 4,019 2,944 4,126

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 810 -158 -694 -1,201 -983
Long-term .. 3,534 932 229 -284 -1,693
Official creditors .. 1,540 583 -419 -484 -1,200
Multilateral .. 81 113 73 43 14
of which: World Bank .. 94 126 86 56 17
Bilateral .. 1,458 470 -493 -527 -1,214
Private creditors .. 1,994 349 648 200 -493
Bondholders .. 2,000 .. .. .. 0
Banks and others .. -6 349 648 200 -493
Short-term .. -180 -508 181 -182 51
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment .. -5,032 -4,885 -3,076 -3,147 -2,613
Portfolio equity .. 1 9 -3 8 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 44 30 30 51 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 15 12 12 14 12
Debt service to exports (%) .. 2 2 3 8 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) .. 4 2 3 2 2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) .. 12 13 13 14 14
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 162 219 230 185 232
Gross national income (GNI) .. 185,777 225,613 232,470 182,172 206,087
91
JAMAICA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 14,193 14,605 17,086 17,430 16,872 17,701
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,188 1,152 1,074 978 1,449 1,792
of which: SDR allocations 403 373 364 362 377 880
Long-term external debt 11,916 11,658 13,808 14,183 13,638 13,650
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,609 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 8,985
Public sector 7,608 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 8,985
of which: General government 6,391 9,190 9,115 8,798 8,575 8,586
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 4,307 1,729 4,049 4,776 4,488 4,665
Short-term external debt 1,089 1,794 2,205 2,269 1,785 2,259

Disbursements (long-term) 2,360 1,079 294 1,609 485 381

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,285 1,079 294 1,009 260 381
Public sector 1,285 1,079 294 1,009 260 381
of which: General government 1,054 1,073 285 993 257 378
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,075 .. .. 600 225 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 345 709 456 1,355 771 538

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 337 683 456 1,355 521 538
Public sector 337 683 456 1,355 521 538
of which: General government 226 595 352 1,305 484 359
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 9 26 .. .. 250 ..

Interest payments (long-term) 829 639 671 740 689 647

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 489 558 591 607 552 519
Public sector 489 558 591 607 552 519
of which: General government 401 503 541 559 513 482
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 341 81 80 132 137 128

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 11,916 11,658 13,808 14,183 13,638 13,650
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,609 9,929 9,759 9,407 9,151 8,985
Official creditors 3,271 3,609 3,645 3,585 3,566 3,634
Multilateral 2,352 2,922 2,940 2,915 2,947 3,013
of which: World Bank 579 862 865 886 945 1,062
Bilateral 919 687 705 670 619 622
Private creditors 4,338 6,320 6,114 5,822 5,585 5,351
Bondholders 3,786 6,163 6,064 5,810 5,585 5,351
Commercial banks and others 552 157 50 12 0 ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,307 1,729 4,049 4,776 4,488 4,665
Bondholders 4,290 1,175 1,175 1,775 1,750 1,750
Commercial banks and others 17 554 2,874 3,001 2,738 2,915
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,188 1,152 1,074 978 1,449 1,792

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 778 -16 -53 -90 417 -133
Long-term 2,015 370 -162 254 -286 -157
Official creditors 863 -50 42 -54 -24 77
Multilateral 835 -49 18 -22 34 75
of which: World Bank 181 53 3 21 60 116
Bilateral 29 -1 24 -32 -58 2
Private creditors 1,151 420 -204 309 -262 -234
Bondholders 1,007 532 -100 347 -250 -234
Banks and others 145 -111 -104 -38 -12 ..
Short-term 350 130 409 64 -441 475
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 183 889 775 665 265 320
Portfolio equity .. 251 181 257 261 130

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 334 281 278 274 457 371
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 112 102 113 113 126 134
Debt service to exports (%) 28 27 20 35 44 29
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 8 12 13 13 11 13
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 17 20 17 17 17 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 18 26 21 21 23 27
Gross national income (GNI) 12,726 14,386 15,131 15,386 13,355 13,216
92
JORDAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 16,894 30,051 31,925 33,482 38,017 41,821
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 257 1,500 981 729 1,271 2,215
of which: SDR allocations 250 231 225 224 233 687
Long-term external debt 7,588 17,619 19,434 20,455 22,663 23,999
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,323 15,158 16,363 16,841 18,758 19,968
Public sector 6,190 15,089 16,329 16,811 18,730 19,942
of which: General government 5,755 14,479 15,734 16,142 18,081 19,321
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 133 69 34 30 28 26
Private sector not guaranteed 1,265 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 4,031
Short-term external debt 9,049 10,933 11,511 12,297 14,084 15,606

Disbursements (long-term) 1,508 3,230 2,782 2,812 4,043 3,739

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,358 2,983 2,013 2,037 3,439 3,324
Public sector 1,358 2,983 2,013 2,037 3,439 3,324
of which: General government 1,087 2,938 1,884 1,928 3,439 3,324
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 150 247 769 775 604 415

Principal repayments (long-term) 506 651 749 1,777 2,089 2,107

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 480 553 591 1,545 1,775 1,817
Public sector 472 545 583 1,541 1,773 1,815
of which: General government 464 507 542 1,506 1,752 1,788
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 8 8 8 4 2 2
Private sector not guaranteed 26 98 158 231 313 289

Interest payments (long-term) 161 441 603 734 580 643

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145 387 504 581 523 604
Public sector 139 383 501 579 523 604
of which: General government 130 363 481 557 508 587
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 6 3 3 1 1 1
Private sector not guaranteed 16 55 99 153 56 39

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 7,588 17,619 19,434 20,455 22,663 23,999
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 6,323 15,158 16,363 16,841 18,758 19,968
Official creditors 5,284 6,563 7,097 8,203 9,428 10,521
Multilateral 2,526 3,449 3,795 4,731 5,491 6,593
of which: World Bank 1,040 1,876 2,252 2,985 3,329 3,723
Bilateral 2,757 3,115 3,301 3,472 3,937 3,927
Private creditors 1,040 8,595 9,266 8,638 9,330 9,447
Bondholders 881 8,429 9,115 8,500 9,198 9,340
Commercial banks and others 159 166 152 138 132 107
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,265 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 4,031
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,265 2,460 3,071 3,614 3,905 4,031
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 257 1,500 981 729 1,271 2,215

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -4 -416 -493 -246 495 529
Long-term 1,002 2,579 2,033 1,035 1,955 1,632
Official creditors 151 438 747 1,118 979 1,381
Multilateral 152 101 371 941 691 1,182
of which: World Bank -71 19 376 733 344 395
Bilateral -1 338 376 177 288 199
Private creditors 851 2,140 1,286 -83 976 251
Bondholders 736 1,986 686 -615 700 142
Banks and others 116 155 600 531 276 109
Short-term 530 463 578 787 1,786 1,523
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,688 2,030 955 730 760 622
Portfolio equity -21 -476 41 -62 -95 -86

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 124 198 198 192 335 286
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 63 73 75 75 87 93
Debt service to exports (%) 6 12 14 19 27 20
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 54 36 36 37 37 37
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 11 12 14 14 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 77 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 26,919 41,203 42,732 44,510 43,574 45,011
93
KAZAKHSTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 119,151 159,239 157,269 159,248 161,488 159,755
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 489 478 475 495 2,035
of which: SDR allocations 529 489 478 475 495 2,035
Long-term external debt 109,757 151,071 148,425 149,784 150,959 145,016
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,845 21,586 24,472 25,006 25,718 26,490
Public sector 3,845 21,586 24,472 25,006 25,718 26,490
of which: General government 3,712 13,806 14,652 15,220 15,664 15,710
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 105,912 129,486 123,954 124,779 125,242 118,526
Short-term external debt 8,864 7,678 8,366 8,989 10,034 12,704

Disbursements (long-term) 45,054 31,525 33,912 31,801 34,185 21,232

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,522 892 3,504 1,975 1,567 1,575
Public sector 1,522 892 3,504 1,975 1,567 1,575
of which: General government 1,508 243 1,447 1,581 1,297 819
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 43,532 30,632 30,408 29,826 32,618 19,657

Principal repayments (long-term) 34,639 24,529 29,807 29,334 27,125 26,833

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278 1,042 581 1,433 1,082 461
Public sector 278 1,042 581 1,433 1,082 461
of which: General government 99 1,028 565 1,003 1,066 440
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 34,361 23,487 29,226 27,901 26,042 26,372

Interest payments (long-term) 4,517 3,196 3,530 3,188 3,365 3,680

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 54 871 913 1,091 1,034 949
Public sector 54 871 913 1,091 1,034 949
of which: General government 48 507 525 586 516 430
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 4,463 2,325 2,617 2,098 2,331 2,732

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 109,757 151,071 148,425 149,784 150,959 145,016
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,845 21,586 24,472 25,006 25,718 26,490
Official creditors 3,845 8,361 8,372 7,634 8,097 8,084
Multilateral 2,785 6,925 6,638 6,010 6,265 6,044
of which: World Bank 1,830 4,185 3,977 3,802 3,615 3,463
Bilateral 1,060 1,435 1,734 1,624 1,833 2,039
Private creditors 0 13,225 16,100 17,372 17,620 18,406
Bondholders .. 13,225 16,100 17,372 17,620 18,406
Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 105,912 129,486 123,954 124,779 125,242 118,526
Bondholders 21,044 9,272 7,908 6,684 6,361 5,638
Commercial banks and others 84,868 120,213 116,046 118,094 118,881 112,889
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 489 478 475 495 2,035

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 10,415 6,995 4,105 2,467 7,060 -5,601
Official creditors 1,244 350 9 -746 480 114
Multilateral 1,436 -250 -281 -629 295 -128
of which: World Bank 1,283 -128 -208 -175 -187 -152
Bilateral -192 600 290 -117 185 242
Private creditors 9,170 6,645 4,096 3,213 6,580 -5,714
Bondholders -1,053 1,499 2,797 -101 1,094 278
Banks and others 10,224 5,146 1,299 3,314 5,486 -5,992
Short-term 1,879 929 661 617 1,231 2,656
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 4,162 5,748 2,649 6,496 5,297 10,362
Portfolio equity 134 24 -1,518 482 901 111

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 175 283 225 233 297 234
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 93 107 100 100 103 96
Debt service to exports (%) 58 50 48 48 57 45
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 5 6 6 8
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 2 4 4 4 4 4
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 21 11 11 6 7 7
Gross national income (GNI) 128,672 148,657 157,279 158,975 156,099 166,585
94
KENYA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 8,885 26,951 31,434 34,969 38,036 41,201
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 817 1,047 879 720 1,391 2,913
of which: SDR allocations 400 370 361 359 374 1,092
Long-term external debt 7,027 23,248 28,009 31,630 34,352 35,861
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,027 22,399 26,988 30,813 33,531 35,218
Public sector 7,027 22,399 26,988 30,813 33,531 35,218
of which: General government 6,589 21,088 25,479 29,258 31,979 33,766
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 849 1,021 817 821 644
Short-term external debt 1,041 2,657 2,546 2,619 2,293 2,427

Disbursements (long-term) 532 5,217 6,622 6,722 3,417 3,400

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 532 5,183 6,248 6,712 3,273 3,400
Public sector 532 5,183 6,248 6,712 3,273 3,400
of which: General government 522 4,343 6,016 6,637 3,266 3,400
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 34 374 10 144 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 260 709 1,567 3,011 1,468 1,338

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 260 568 1,371 2,801 1,314 1,169
Public sector 260 568 1,371 2,801 1,314 1,169
of which: General government 233 518 1,332 2,763 1,261 1,159
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 141 196 210 154 169

Interest payments (long-term) 90 657 996 1,242 1,195 952

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 90 606 941 1,181 1,150 916
Public sector 90 606 941 1,181 1,150 916
of which: General government 81 602 918 1,157 1,125 915
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 51 55 61 45 36

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 7,027 23,248 28,009 31,630 34,352 35,861
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 7,027 22,399 26,988 30,813 33,531 35,218
Official creditors 6,754 17,543 20,364 23,721 26,133 26,888
Multilateral 4,110 8,770 10,108 12,709 15,111 15,775
of which: World Bank 3,238 5,303 5,802 7,125 9,334 10,228
Bilateral 2,644 8,773 10,256 11,012 11,022 11,113
Private creditors 273 4,857 6,624 7,092 7,398 8,329
Bondholders .. 2,750 4,750 6,100 6,100 7,100
Commercial banks and others 273 2,107 1,874 992 1,298 1,229
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 849 1,021 817 821 644
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 849 1,021 817 821 644
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 817 1,047 879 720 1,391 2,913

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -26 -119 -146 -154 620 848
Long-term 272 4,508 5,055 3,711 1,949 2,062
Official creditors 270 3,652 3,082 3,430 1,739 1,219
Multilateral 223 1,430 1,511 2,641 1,977 1,020
of which: World Bank 132 455 631 1,359 1,866 1,168
Bilateral 47 2,222 1,571 789 -238 199
Private creditors 3 856 1,973 281 210 844
Bondholders .. .. 2,000 1,350 0 1,000
Banks and others 3 856 -27 -1,069 210 -156
Short-term 73 457 -132 146 -347 115
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 89 1,436 535 547 496 520
Portfolio equity 22 -62 -251 8 -274 -97

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 97 254 267 299 390 347
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 33 35 35 38 38
Debt service to exports (%) 4 15 24 38 29 21
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 10 8 7 6 6
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 46 33 32 36 40 38
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 27 26 26 22 23
Gross national income (GNI) 39,852 80,475 90,812 98,775 98,931 108,691
95
KOSOVO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,456 2,504 2,326 2,428 3,088 3,352
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 114 272 260 225 216 260
of which: SDR allocations 85 79 77 77 80 188
Long-term external debt 886 1,397 1,265 1,357 1,911 1,990
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 319 313 305 320 517 596
Public sector 319 313 305 320 517 596
of which: General government 319 263 250 267 467 551
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 567 1,083 961 1,037 1,394 1,394
Short-term external debt 455 836 800 846 962 1,102

Disbursements (long-term) 169 196 225 283 567 647

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 25 25 44 192 152
Public sector 0 25 25 44 192 152
of which: General government 0 10 13 39 191 146
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 169 171 200 239 375 495

Principal repayments (long-term) 76 97 208 171 251 327

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 20 21 24 27 33
Public sector 14 20 21 24 27 33
of which: General government 14 15 16 17 21 26
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 61 78 187 148 224 293

Interest payments (long-term) 34 50 55 47 47 18

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 11 11 10 11 11
Public sector 11 11 11 10 11 11
of which: General government 11 9 9 9 9 10
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 23 39 45 37 36 7

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 886 1,397 1,265 1,357 1,911 1,990
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 319 313 305 320 517 596
Official creditors 319 305 297 304 488 557
Multilateral 319 239 240 254 441 521
of which: World Bank 319 239 225 220 314 313
Bilateral 0 66 56 50 46 36
Private creditors .. 8 8 16 30 39
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 7
Commercial banks and others .. 8 8 16 30 32
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 567 1,083 961 1,037 1,394 1,394
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 567 1,083 961 1,037 1,394 1,394
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 114 272 260 225 216 260

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 29 64 -5 -34 -18 -61
Long-term 94 99 17 112 315 320
Official creditors -14 4 4 12 153 107
Multilateral -14 -4 11 17 161 114
of which: World Bank -14 -4 -5 -1 77 19
Bilateral .. 8 -7 -5 -8 -7
Private creditors 108 94 13 100 162 214
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 8
Banks and others 108 94 13 100 162 206
Short-term -366 215 -36 46 116 140
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 439 262 309 266 370 458
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 104 111 90 93 153 95
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 34 29 30 39 36
Debt service to exports (%) 8 9 11 10 19 12
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 33 34 35 31 33
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 10 10 10 14 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 33 38 40 35 37
Gross national income (GNI) 5,433 7,325 8,012 8,080 7,904 9,212
96
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,118 8,131 8,166 8,456 8,678 9,064
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 307 321 285 258 498 697
of which: SDR allocations 130 121 118 117 122 357
Long-term external debt 3,616 7,454 7,424 7,682 7,654 7,826
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,446 3,892 3,655 3,713 3,845 3,960
Public sector 2,446 3,892 3,655 3,713 3,845 3,960
of which: General government 2,446 3,892 3,655 3,713 3,845 3,960
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,171 3,562 3,769 3,968 3,809 3,866
Short-term external debt 195 356 457 517 525 541

Disbursements (long-term) 672 529 681 898 391 625

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 151 286 144 189 166 289
Public sector 151 286 144 189 166 289
of which: General government 151 286 144 189 166 289
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 521 243 537 708 224 336

Principal repayments (long-term) 462 465 432 631 509 464

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 38 82 102 122 125 117
Public sector 38 82 102 122 125 117
of which: General government 38 82 102 122 125 117
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 424 383 331 509 384 347

Interest payments (long-term) 69 83 84 88 87 71

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23 51 54 56 55 40
Public sector 23 51 54 56 55 40
of which: General government 23 51 54 56 55 40
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 46 32 30 32 32 31

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,616 7,454 7,424 7,682 7,654 7,826
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,446 3,892 3,655 3,713 3,845 3,960
Official creditors 2,446 3,892 3,655 3,713 3,845 3,960
Multilateral 1,296 1,452 1,450 1,463 1,590 1,705
of which: World Bank 649 667 660 657 677 653
Bilateral 1,150 2,440 2,205 2,250 2,255 2,255
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,171 3,562 3,769 3,968 3,809 3,866
Bondholders .. .. 0 0 0 0
Commercial banks and others 1,171 3,562 3,768 3,968 3,809 3,866
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 307 321 285 258 498 697

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 12 1 -29 -26 223 -26
Long-term 210 64 249 267 -118 161
Official creditors 113 204 42 67 41 172
Multilateral 8 19 32 22 64 163
of which: World Bank 5 -1 8 1 -7 -6
Bilateral 105 185 11 46 -23 9
Private creditors 97 -141 206 200 -159 -10
Bondholders .. .. .. 0 0 0
Banks and others 97 -141 206 200 -159 -10
Short-term -238 -6 101 59 8 16
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 231 -17 86 490 -149 166
Portfolio equity -18 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 181 312 294 269 353 270
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 92 111 102 105 115 116
Debt service to exports (%) 25 22 20 24 26 17
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 4 6 6 6 6
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 18 18 17 18 19
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 23 21 20 21 26
Gross national income (GNI) 4,489 7,331 8,020 8,092 7,524 7,827
97
LAO PEOPLEʼS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 6,554 14,696 15,533 16,571 17,431 17,188
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 88 72 70 70 73 213
of which: SDR allocations 78 72 70 70 73 213
Long-term external debt 6,410 13,879 15,059 15,916 16,374 16,068
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,751 8,419 9,471 10,199 10,660 10,271
Public sector 3,751 8,419 9,471 10,199 10,660 10,271
of which: General government 3,528 8,252 9,307 10,041 10,506 10,123
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,659 5,461 5,588 5,717 5,714 5,797
Short-term external debt 56 745 404 585 985 907

Disbursements (long-term) 460 1,332 1,807 1,293 706 466

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 267 1,156 1,559 1,169 706 356
Public sector 267 1,156 1,559 1,169 706 356
of which: General government 267 1,156 1,535 1,169 706 356
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 193 176 248 124 .. 110

Principal repayments (long-term) 217 446 537 506 443 544

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 298 417 504 439 539
Public sector 59 298 417 504 439 539
of which: General government 59 269 390 499 434 534
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 159 148 120 2 4 4

Interest payments (long-term) 78 281 328 301 235 166

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28 176 222 268 201 125
Public sector 28 176 222 268 201 125
of which: General government 28 176 222 267 201 125
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 50 105 106 33 34 41

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 6,410 13,879 15,059 15,916 16,374 16,068
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,751 8,419 9,471 10,199 10,660 10,271
Official creditors 3,652 6,696 7,584 8,082 8,525 8,585
Multilateral 2,084 1,600 1,577 1,707 1,823 1,809
of which: World Bank 655 582 588 659 717 740
Bilateral 1,569 5,097 6,007 6,375 6,701 6,777
Private creditors 98 1,722 1,887 2,117 2,135 1,686
Bondholders .. 1,484 1,596 1,606 1,368 981
Commercial banks and others 98 238 291 511 767 705
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,659 5,461 5,588 5,717 5,714 5,797
Bondholders .. 510 560 691 692 779
Commercial banks and others 2,659 4,951 5,028 5,026 5,022 5,018
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 88 72 70 70 73 213

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -6 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 243 886 1,269 787 263 -78
Official creditors 202 461 975 505 289 149
Multilateral 13 36 13 139 48 36
of which: World Bank -13 60 19 74 30 45
Bilateral 189 425 962 366 241 113
Private creditors 41 425 294 282 -26 -227
Bondholders .. 309 158 63 -238 -199
Banks and others 41 116 137 220 211 -28
Short-term -148 23 -341 181 400 -78
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 279 1,693 1,358 756 968 1,072
Portfolio equity 54 -34 1 0 -1 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 284 254 240 234 266 217
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 98 91 89 94 98 97
Debt service to exports (%) 13 13 13 11 11 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 5 3 4 6 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 11 10 10 10 11
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12 7 6 6 8 9
Gross national income (GNI) 6,680 16,170 17,356 17,656 17,854 17,690
98
LEBANON
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 47,819 74,165 79,650 73,893 68,867 66,893
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 395 275 269 267 278 1,120
of which: SDR allocations 298 275 269 267 278 1,120
Long-term external debt 43,857 65,127 73,834 68,663 58,435 52,916
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,386 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,361 33,277
Public sector 20,386 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,361 33,277
of which: General government 20,386 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,361 33,277
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 23,471 35,140 40,763 35,343 25,074 19,639
Short-term external debt 3,567 8,764 5,547 4,963 10,154 12,857

Disbursements (long-term) 9,615 16,061 20,746 8,597 202 145

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,186 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 145
Public sector 2,186 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 145
of which: General government 2,186 5,152 5,716 3,173 202 145
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7,430 10,909 15,030 5,424 .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 8,395 12,492 11,996 13,761 10,465 5,638

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,477 3,030 2,589 2,917 196 202
Public sector 2,477 3,030 2,589 2,917 196 202
of which: General government 2,477 3,030 2,589 2,917 196 202
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 5,918 9,462 9,407 10,844 10,269 5,435

Interest payments (long-term) 2,735 3,779 4,275 4,597 2,287 1,561

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,406 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 47
Public sector 1,406 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 47
of which: General government 1,406 1,761 2,150 2,142 157 47
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,328 2,018 2,125 2,455 2,130 1,514

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 43,857 65,127 73,834 68,663 58,435 52,916
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,386 29,987 33,072 33,319 33,361 33,277
Official creditors 2,358 2,026 1,943 1,875 1,938 1,892
Multilateral 1,368 1,333 1,369 1,373 1,461 1,469
of which: World Bank 321 441 510 536 615 663
Bilateral 990 692 574 502 476 423
Private creditors 18,028 27,961 31,128 31,444 31,423 31,385
Bondholders 17,422 27,768 30,964 31,314 31,314 31,314
Commercial banks and others 606 194 164 130 109 71
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 23,471 35,140 40,763 35,343 25,074 19,639
Bondholders 500 300 600 600 600 600
Commercial banks and others 22,971 34,840 40,163 34,743 24,474 19,039
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 395 275 269 267 278 1,120

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -19 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 1,221 3,569 8,750 -5,164 -10,264 -5,493
Official creditors -59 178 -51 -61 33 -26
Multilateral -13 265 53 7 72 19
of which: World Bank 3 186 70 26 75 51
Bilateral -45 -86 -105 -68 -38 -45
Private creditors 1,279 3,390 8,802 -5,102 -10,297 -5,467
Bondholders -396 1,776 3,504 350 0 0
Banks and others 1,675 1,614 5,297 -5,452 -10,297 -5,467
Short-term 568 909 -3,217 -584 3,106 650
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 4,280 2,519 2,654 2,055 2,861 517
Portfolio equity 154 -294 -266 354 92 -65

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 216 336 362 347 681 603
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 126 140 148 147 278 382
Debt service to exports (%) 50 75 75 87 127 66
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 12 7 7 15 19
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 3 2 2 2 2 2
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 66 59 51 52 36 28
Gross national income (GNI) 37,935 52,818 53,789 50,251 24,777 17,524
99
LESOTHO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 788 1,504 1,463 1,583 1,738 1,818
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 79 108 94 79 119 198
of which: SDR allocations 51 47 46 45 47 140
Long-term external debt 709 1,396 1,369 1,504 1,616 1,617
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 709 828 809 856 931 962
Public sector 709 828 809 856 931 962
of which: General government 698 826 807 852 926 958
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 568 560 648 685 655
Short-term external debt 0 0 1 0 2 3

Disbursements (long-term) 45 171 43 179 117 91

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45 39 43 91 79 91
Public sector 45 39 43 91 79 91
of which: General government 45 38 42 89 79 91
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 132 0 88 38 0

Principal repayments (long-term) 19 33 51 37 44 67

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19 33 42 37 44 37
Public sector 19 33 42 37 44 37
of which: General government 19 33 42 37 44 37
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 0 8 0 0 31

Interest payments (long-term) 8 16 17 24 16 262

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 16 17 24 16 262
Public sector 8 16 17 24 16 262
of which: General government 6 16 17 24 16 262
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 0 0 0 0 0

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 709 1,396 1,369 1,504 1,616 1,617
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 709 828 809 856 931 962
Official creditors 688 822 805 852 927 959
Multilateral 633 703 697 722 755 758
of which: World Bank 330 321 338 363 400 424
Bilateral 55 118 108 131 171 201
Private creditors 21 6 5 4 4 4
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 21 6 5 4 4 4
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 568 560 648 685 655
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 568 560 648 685 655
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 79 108 94 79 119 198

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 4 -7 -12 -14 36 -12
Long-term 26 137 -8 142 73 24
Official creditors 27 6 1 55 35 55
Multilateral 24 12 10 31 3 29
of which: World Bank 22 21 25 28 21 36
Bilateral 3 -6 -8 24 33 25
Private creditors -1 131 -9 87 38 -31
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1 131 -9 87 38 -31
Short-term -3 -38 0 0 1 -1
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 47 -35 -39 -36 -32 -36
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 47 90 77 93 122 111
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27 57 51 57 69 64
Debt service to exports (%) 2 3 4 4 5 21
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 80 47 48 46 43 42
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 189 44 50 49 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 2,872 2,620 2,864 2,776 2,510 2,843
100
LIBERIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 419 1,118 1,158 1,267 1,457 1,846
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 235 402 389 396 473 798
of which: SDR allocations 191 177 172 171 179 520
Long-term external debt 183 716 768 870 985 1,048
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 183 656 713 822 943 1,015
Public sector 183 656 713 822 943 1,015
of which: General government 183 656 713 822 943 1,015
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 61 55 49 41 33
Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0

Disbursements (long-term) 0 112 153 120 107 99

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 110 151 119 106 99
Public sector 0 110 151 119 106 99
of which: General government 0 110 151 119 106 99
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 2 2 1 1 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 4 11 13 14 22 16

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 5 5 6 14 8
Public sector 4 5 5 6 14 8
of which: General government 4 5 5 6 14 8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 6 8 8 8 8

Interest payments (long-term) 1 6 8 8 11 10

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1 5 7 7 10 9
Public sector 1 5 7 7 10 9
of which: General government 1 5 7 7 10 9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 1 1 1 0

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 183 716 768 870 985 1,048
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 183 656 713 822 943 1,015
Official creditors 183 656 713 822 943 1,015
Multilateral 63 503 597 705 824 895
of which: World Bank 0 306 368 455 550 616
Bilateral 120 152 116 117 120 120
Private creditors 0 .. 0 .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 .. 0 .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 61 55 49 41 33
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 61 55 49 41 33
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 235 402 389 396 473 798

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 14 20 -3 9 58 -8
Long-term -4 101 140 106 85 82
Official creditors -4 106 146 113 92 90
Multilateral -4 87 105 111 93 92
of which: World Bank -2 60 69 89 75 81
Bilateral .. 19 41 2 -1 -1
Private creditors .. -4 -5 -7 -7 -8
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. -4 -5 -7 -7 -8
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,769 188 59 19 87 69
Portfolio equity -1 0 .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 117 249 207 216 226 203
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 36 39 43 50 56
Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 4 7 11 6
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 45 52 56 57 48
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 106 52 49 43 23 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 1,819 3,088 2,986 2,966 2,888 3,275
101
MADAGASCAR
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,756 3,383 3,720 4,045 4,841 5,347
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 278 440 465 545 956 1,304
of which: SDR allocations 180 167 163 162 169 492
Long-term external debt 2,054 2,766 2,984 3,218 3,612 3,811
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,039 2,736 2,901 3,117 3,508 3,715
Public sector 2,038 2,736 2,901 3,117 3,508 3,715
of which: General government 2,006 2,671 2,825 2,987 3,331 3,525
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 15 30 84 101 104 95
Short-term external debt 425 177 271 281 273 232

Disbursements (long-term) 198 271 361 327 347 413

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 198 245 295 300 336 413
Public sector 198 245 295 300 336 413
of which: General government 180 245 283 246 297 389
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 26 66 26 11 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 39 93 81 76 82 105

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 92 72 67 73 96
Public sector 37 92 72 67 73 96
of which: General government 29 77 72 67 73 96
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1 1 9 9 9 9

Interest payments (long-term) 16 23 33 36 37 39

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 23 29 30 31 32
Public sector 16 23 29 30 31 32
of which: General government 16 22 29 29 29 31
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 0 4 6 6 6

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,054 2,766 2,984 3,218 3,612 3,811
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,039 2,736 2,901 3,117 3,508 3,715
Official creditors 2,031 2,610 2,737 2,963 3,362 3,598
Multilateral 1,575 2,255 2,347 2,488 2,809 2,986
of which: World Bank 1,161 1,595 1,648 1,686 1,874 2,010
Bilateral 456 355 390 475 553 612
Private creditors 8 127 164 154 146 118
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 8 127 164 154 146 118
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 15 30 84 101 104 95
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 15 30 84 101 104 95
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 278 440 465 545 956 1,304

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -2 118 36 83 376 48
Long-term 159 178 281 251 265 308
Official creditors 160 110 183 242 275 342
Multilateral 106 133 143 154 214 269
of which: World Bank 75 77 93 48 117 193
Bilateral 54 -23 40 88 60 73
Private creditors -1 68 98 9 -10 -34
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1 68 98 9 -10 -34
Short-term -224 -26 94 11 -8 -41
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 380 61 74 65 56 58
Portfolio equity 2 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 124 81 83 98 184 158
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 26 28 29 38 37
Debt service to exports (%) 3 3 3 3 5 5
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 5 7 7 6 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 57 67 63 62 58 56
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 47 47 42 41 44
Gross national income (GNI) 9,834 12,817 13,217 13,737 12,842 14,329
102
MALAWI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,021 2,162 2,266 2,429 2,943 3,185
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 248 319 314 339 528 673
of which: SDR allocations 102 95 92 92 96 279
Long-term external debt 730 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 730 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
Public sector 730 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
of which: General government 721 1,775 1,913 2,009 2,225 2,357
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 43 54 25 68 178 146

Disbursements (long-term) 81 240 223 168 193 231

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 81 240 223 168 193 231
Public sector 81 240 223 168 193 231
of which: General government 78 240 223 168 193 231
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 13 33 42 62 52 60

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13 33 42 62 52 60
Public sector 13 33 42 62 52 60
of which: General government 12 32 41 61 51 58
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 7 16 12 17 21 22

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7 16 12 17 21 22
Public sector 7 16 12 17 21 22
of which: General government 7 16 12 17 21 22
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 730 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 730 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
Official creditors 724 1,790 1,926 2,021 2,237 2,366
Multilateral 586 1,369 1,487 1,600 1,799 1,922
of which: World Bank 243 862 917 969 1,104 1,177
Bilateral 138 420 439 421 438 444
Private creditors 5 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 5 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 248 319 314 339 528 673

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 21 5 3 27 169 -26
Long-term 68 207 181 106 141 172
Official creditors 68 207 181 106 141 172
Multilateral 46 221 150 120 139 171
of which: World Bank 34 180 78 58 92 106
Bilateral 22 -14 31 -14 2 0
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term -24 5 -26 43 110 -33
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 133 81 164 66 56 57
Portfolio equity 1 .. .. 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 83 193 190 165 228 204
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 15 25 23 22 25 26
Debt service to exports (%) 2 6 7 7 8 7
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 2 1 3 6 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 57 63 66 66 61 60
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 30 36 34 35 20 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 6,852 8,790 9,717 10,842 11,991 12,398
103
MALDIVES
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 917 1,516 2,340 2,679 3,454 3,847
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 28 12 11 11 42 69
of which: SDR allocations 12 11 11 11 11 39
Long-term external debt 743 1,392 2,090 2,332 2,963 3,229
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 628 1,234 2,004 2,228 2,846 3,092
Public sector 616 1,234 1,950 2,121 2,724 2,971
of which: General government 607 1,078 1,321 1,433 1,606 2,248
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12 0 54 107 121 121
Private sector not guaranteed 115 158 86 104 118 137
Short-term external debt 146 111 238 337 449 549

Disbursements (long-term) 168 420 1,124 613 787 919

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 142 388 1,124 562 773 900
Public sector 142 388 1,070 510 752 900
of which: General government 142 350 330 179 185 701
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. 54 52 21 0
Private sector not guaranteed 26 32 .. 51 14 19

Principal repayments (long-term) 60 145 374 364 196 656

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 51 102 334 331 196 656
Public sector 48 102 334 331 190 656
of which: General government 44 69 67 61 52 61
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 .. 0 0 6 0
Private sector not guaranteed 9 42 40 33 .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 11 19 58 84 78 89

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 15 55 80 75 82
Public sector 9 15 54 75 69 82
of which: General government 8 12 31 40 35 62
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. 1 5 6 0
Private sector not guaranteed 1 4 3 3 3 7

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 743 1,392 2,090 2,332 2,963 3,229
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 628 1,234 2,004 2,228 2,846 3,092
Official creditors 536 934 1,294 1,446 1,982 1,781
Multilateral 301 276 340 384 411 441
of which: World Bank 99 90 85 92 106 101
Bilateral 236 659 954 1,062 1,570 1,341
Private creditors 92 300 710 782 864 1,311
Bondholders .. 250 350 350 350 850
Commercial banks and others 92 50 360 432 514 461
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 115 158 86 104 118 137
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 115 158 86 104 118 137
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 28 12 11 11 42 69

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 7 -1 -1 -1 29 0
Long-term 109 276 750 249 591 263
Official creditors 79 35 379 158 495 -203
Multilateral 28 8 70 45 15 40
of which: World Bank 16 -2 -3 7 9 -1
Bilateral 51 27 309 113 480 -243
Private creditors 30 241 371 90 96 466
Bondholders .. 250 100 .. .. 500
Banks and others 30 -9 271 90 96 -34
Short-term -460 -18 126 97 75 76
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 216 458 576 961 441 443
Portfolio equity -10 -1 32 -30 112 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 46 45 65 71 192 97
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40 35 49 53 100 87
Debt service to exports (%) 4 5 12 12 16 19
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 7 10 13 13 14
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 33 18 15 14 12 11
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 39 30 28 29 21
Gross national income (GNI) 2,277 4,379 4,809 5,048 3,437 4,429
104
MALI
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,439 4,326 4,604 5,009 5,834 6,460
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 187 334 441 447 681 946
of which: SDR allocations 138 127 124 124 129 375
Long-term external debt 2,246 3,901 4,055 4,463 5,081 5,428
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,246 3,901 4,055 4,463 5,081 5,428
Public sector 2,246 3,901 4,055 4,463 5,081 5,428
of which: General government 2,242 3,899 4,053 4,461 5,080 5,427
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 6 92 109 100 72 85

Disbursements (long-term) 310 291 392 598 560 738

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 310 291 392 598 560 738
Public sector 310 291 392 598 560 738
of which: General government 310 291 392 598 560 738
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 47 109 122 143 192 210

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 109 122 143 192 210
Public sector 47 109 122 143 192 210
of which: General government 46 109 122 143 192 210
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 21 37 41 47 37 59

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 37 41 47 37 59
Public sector 21 37 41 47 37 59
of which: General government 21 37 41 47 37 59
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,246 3,901 4,055 4,463 5,081 5,428
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,246 3,901 4,055 4,463 5,081 5,428
Official creditors 2,241 3,900 4,054 4,463 5,081 5,428
Multilateral 1,788 2,928 3,064 3,402 3,811 3,835
of which: World Bank 840 1,574 1,682 1,970 2,146 2,131
Bilateral 453 972 990 1,061 1,269 1,593
Private creditors 5 0 0 0 .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 5 0 0 0 .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 187 334 441 447 681 946

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 6 28 116 9 208 35
Long-term 263 182 270 455 367 527
Official creditors 264 183 270 455 367 527
Multilateral 229 190 223 367 214 203
of which: World Bank 151 123 149 298 70 72
Bilateral 36 -8 46 88 153 324
Private creditors -1 0 0 0 .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1 0 0 0 .. ..
Short-term -18 12 19 10 -22 17
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 374 366 358 618 816 660
Portfolio equity 1 2 -1 3 -1 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 97 122 106 109 109 117
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 24 29 28 30 35 35
Debt service to exports (%) 3 5 4 5 5 5
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 2 2 2 1 1
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 73 68 67 68 65 59
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 55 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 10,269 14,865 16,561 16,585 16,727 18,576
105
MAURITANIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 3,556 5,241 5,226 5,370 5,714 4,819
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 145 200 221 244 424 594
of which: SDR allocations 95 88 86 85 89 259
Long-term external debt 2,326 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,326 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
Public sector 2,326 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
of which: General government 1,993 3,214 3,238 3,383 3,611 3,735
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 1,086 1,040 1,052 1,083 1,075 193

Disbursements (long-term) 412 250 270 367 232 128

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 412 250 270 367 232 128
Public sector 412 250 270 367 232 128
of which: General government 262 248 270 345 232 128
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 77 224 270 266 211 339

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 77 224 270 266 211 339
Public sector 77 224 270 266 211 339
of which: General government 23 149 198 190 155 129
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 35 80 92 88 59 58

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 35 80 92 88 59 58
Public sector 35 80 92 88 59 58
of which: General government 25 50 62 60 43 41
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,326 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,326 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
Official creditors 2,325 4,002 3,952 4,043 4,215 4,031
Multilateral 1,501 2,358 2,284 2,379 2,482 2,349
of which: World Bank 316 390 382 388 418 415
Bilateral 824 1,644 1,668 1,664 1,733 1,682
Private creditors 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 145 200 221 244 424 594

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 34 9 26 24 165 9
Long-term 335 27 0 101 21 -211
Official creditors 346 27 0 101 21 -211
Multilateral 269 48 -45 99 -6 -146
of which: World Bank 39 2 2 8 14 9
Bilateral 77 -21 45 2 27 -65
Private creditors -11 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -11 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 103 4 13 30 -8 32
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 131 588 773 -884 928 22
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 154 257 235 198 194 146
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 64 78 71 69 73 59
Debt service to exports (%) 5 16 17 14 10 13
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 20 20 20 19 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 45 44 44 43 49
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 8 16 18 19 26 42
Gross national income (GNI) 5,560 6,703 7,314 7,793 7,810 8,143
106
MAURITIUS
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,929 10,630 11,234 12,361 12,629 13,916
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 149 138 135 134 139 326
of which: SDR allocations 149 138 135 134 139 326
Long-term external debt 6,294 5,251 6,244 6,515 6,222 6,176
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,007 1,555 1,434 1,386 2,143 2,322
Public sector 1,007 1,555 1,434 1,386 2,143 2,322
of which: General government 735 1,281 1,156 1,129 1,765 1,904
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 5,287 3,696 4,810 5,130 4,079 3,853
Short-term external debt 1,485 5,241 4,855 5,712 6,267 7,414

Disbursements (long-term) 2,568 2,192 3,861 2,794 1,863 2,455

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 356 76 64 134 1,012 454
Public sector 356 76 64 134 1,012 454
of which: General government 211 76 19 115 854 369
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,212 2,115 3,797 2,660 851 2,001

Principal repayments (long-term) 2,118 2,637 2,849 2,499 2,243 2,392

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 69 244 150 159 341 166
Public sector 69 244 150 159 341 166
of which: General government 28 204 110 119 303 121
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,049 2,394 2,699 2,341 1,902 2,227

Interest payments (long-term) 73 197 297 622 314 296

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 17 30 28 29 27 20
Public sector 17 30 28 29 27 20
of which: General government 13 22 22 23 21 16
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 56 167 269 593 287 277

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 6,294 5,251 6,244 6,515 6,222 6,176
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,007 1,555 1,434 1,386 2,143 2,322
Official creditors 888 1,522 1,411 1,366 1,883 2,009
Multilateral 501 815 757 789 790 702
of which: World Bank 204 263 231 207 189 158
Bilateral 387 706 654 577 1,093 1,307
Private creditors 119 33 24 20 260 314
Bondholders .. 8 5 7 234 300
Commercial banks and others 119 26 19 13 26 14
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 5,287 3,696 4,810 5,130 4,079 3,853
Bondholders .. 294 309 468 399 381
Commercial banks and others 5,287 3,402 4,501 4,661 3,681 3,472
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 149 138 135 134 139 326

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 450 -446 1,012 295 -379 63
Official creditors 249 -167 -77 -22 430 209
Multilateral 137 -108 -42 38 -36 -57
of which: World Bank -4 -26 -25 -24 -24 -26
Bilateral 112 -59 -34 -60 466 266
Private creditors 201 -278 1,089 316 -810 -146
Bondholders .. 40 12 163 159 74
Banks and others 201 -318 1,077 154 -968 -221
Short-term 183 613 -383 857 555 1,147
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 430 480 461 444 225 253
Portfolio equity 7,821 3,306 -691 419 3,123 648

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 78 62 79 80 109 144
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 80 73 71 79 106 109
Debt service to exports (%) 22 17 23 21 23 29
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 19 49 43 46 50 53
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6 8 7 6 6 5
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 51 52 55 52 56
Gross national income (GNI) 9,913 14,573 15,880 15,722 11,907 12,807
107
MEXICO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 306,835 578,105 606,454 610,189 605,052 605,700
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,391 4,060 3,965 3,943 4,106 15,946
of which: SDR allocations 4,391 4,060 3,965 3,943 4,106 15,946
Long-term external debt 259,383 530,009 545,337 549,097 551,540 539,266
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145,925 289,216 297,827 306,433 309,061 290,868
Public sector 145,925 289,016 297,627 306,233 308,861 290,668
of which: General government 91,010 185,818 191,327 201,754 200,492 189,236
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 200 200 200 200 200
Private sector not guaranteed 113,458 240,793 247,510 242,664 242,479 248,398
Short-term external debt 43,061 44,035 57,151 57,150 49,405 50,487

Disbursements (long-term) 62,651 68,521 50,028 55,190 56,658 54,298

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 41,812 35,191 25,731 37,532 33,031 27,421
Public sector 41,812 34,991 25,731 37,532 33,031 27,421
of which: General government 26,246 13,424 8,417 18,303 21,260 14,063
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 200 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 20,839 33,330 24,297 17,658 23,627 26,876

Principal repayments (long-term) 21,683 38,185 32,563 43,638 47,814 53,654

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 13,941 17,635 15,051 25,172 25,548 35,863
Public sector 13,941 17,635 15,051 25,172 25,548 35,863
of which: General government 2,527 4,769 1,498 4,386 16,276 16,976
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 7,742 20,550 17,512 18,466 22,266 17,791

Interest payments (long-term) 8,658 25,194 23,584 22,982 21,676 21,555

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,859 18,712 15,899 17,120 16,415 16,155
Public sector 5,859 18,710 15,892 17,113 16,411 16,152
of which: General government 3,974 14,347 10,923 11,964 11,105 10,310
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 2 6 7 4 2
Private sector not guaranteed 2,799 6,482 7,686 5,862 5,261 5,400

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 259,383 530,009 545,337 549,097 551,540 539,266
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 145,925 289,216 297,827 306,433 309,061 290,868
Official creditors 25,389 32,723 32,605 33,476 34,877 33,844
Multilateral 21,433 29,304 29,794 30,989 32,215 31,144
of which: World Bank 12,462 14,887 14,611 14,942 15,714 15,237
Bilateral 3,956 3,419 2,811 2,487 2,662 2,699
Private creditors 120,536 256,494 265,222 272,957 274,184 257,024
Bondholders 97,656 225,580 237,163 247,179 250,632 237,190
Commercial banks and others 22,880 30,914 28,059 25,778 23,552 19,835
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 113,458 240,793 247,510 242,664 242,479 248,398
Bondholders 32,898 96,907 90,263 96,452 99,950 97,286
Commercial banks and others 80,560 143,885 157,247 146,212 142,529 151,112
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 4,391 4,060 3,965 3,943 4,106 15,946

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 40,968 30,337 17,465 11,552 8,844 643
Official creditors 4,875 1,344 -275 820 847 -332
Multilateral 4,022 1,297 269 1,118 803 -500
of which: World Bank 2,256 178 -278 298 816 -446
Bilateral 853 46 -544 -298 44 168
Private creditors 36,093 28,993 17,741 10,732 7,998 975
Bondholders 27,843 20,062 7,973 16,370 13,986 -8,311
Banks and others 8,250 8,931 9,768 -5,638 -5,988 9,286
Short-term 17,506 -2,955 13,115 -1 -7,745 1,082
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 20,946 23,926 24,619 31,483 22,735 26,417
Portfolio equity 373 10,320 2,421 -10 186 -3,163

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 95 129 123 120 136 114
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 51 51 50 58 48
Debt service to exports (%) 10 15 12 14 16 15
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 8 9 9 8 8
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 5 5 5 5 5
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 29 28 29 32 33
Gross national income (GNI) 1,045,221 1,128,823 1,189,349 1,232,604 1,051,142 1,260,700
108
MOLDOVA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,725 6,969 7,440 7,524 8,228 9,288
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 509 562 496 458 669 912
of which: SDR allocations 181 168 164 163 170 396
Long-term external debt 2,745 4,756 4,925 5,074 5,251 5,772
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 839 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 1,819
Public sector 839 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 1,819
of which: General government 814 1,437 1,442 1,450 1,746 1,804
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,906 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,490 3,953
Short-term external debt 1,471 1,650 2,020 1,992 2,309 2,604

Disbursements (long-term) 464 596 551 549 815 1,191

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 94 183 138 130 312 305
Public sector 94 183 138 130 312 305
of which: General government 89 180 134 122 309 300
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 370 413 413 419 503 886

Principal repayments (long-term) 306 249 375 427 544 508

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 55 50 89 101 122 140
Public sector 55 50 89 101 122 140
of which: General government 47 48 88 100 119 137
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 251 200 286 325 422 368

Interest payments (long-term) 49 55 67 63 65 110

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 20 22 23 20 21
Public sector 16 20 22 23 20 21
of which: General government 14 20 22 22 19 20
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 33 35 44 40 45 89

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,745 4,756 4,925 5,074 5,251 5,772
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 839 1,442 1,450 1,464 1,761 1,819
Official creditors 816 1,417 1,425 1,440 1,736 1,799
Multilateral 565 1,086 1,152 1,226 1,574 1,700
of which: World Bank 479 696 712 716 792 813
Bilateral 251 331 273 214 163 99
Private creditors 23 25 25 24 24 20
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 23 25 25 24 24 20
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,906 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,490 3,953
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 500
Commercial banks and others 1,906 3,315 3,476 3,610 3,490 3,453
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 509 562 496 458 669 912

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 175 -44 -54 -35 186 31
Long-term 159 347 175 122 271 683
Official creditors 44 134 48 29 192 167
Multilateral 49 51 100 85 252 223
of which: World Bank 42 28 31 8 38 55
Bilateral -5 83 -52 -57 -60 -55
Private creditors 115 213 127 94 79 515
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 500
Banks and others 115 213 127 94 79 15
Short-term 106 336 366 -20 282 286
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 172 66 170 438 174 224
Portfolio equity 6 0 -1 0 0 -2

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 174 174 167 161 202 183
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 63 68 62 60 67 66
Debt service to exports (%) 15 11 14 14 18 14
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 31 24 27 26 28 28
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 16 15 16 19 18
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 36 40 40 41 46 42
Gross national income (GNI) 7,481 10,221 12,008 12,595 12,253 14,056
109
MONGOLIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,928 27,963 29,789 31,644 32,360 33,940
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 273 189 287 285 401 483
of which: SDR allocations 75 69 68 67 70 165
Long-term external debt 5,290 24,612 26,404 28,399 30,678 32,283
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,782 7,511 8,006 8,348 11,189 11,625
Public sector 1,782 7,511 8,006 8,348 11,189 11,625
of which: General government 1,763 7,504 8,000 8,343 9,346 9,637
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,508 17,101 18,398 20,050 19,489 20,659
Short-term external debt 365 3,163 3,098 2,960 1,281 1,174

Disbursements (long-term) 2,929 4,325 8,363 12,750 3,604 3,929

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 67 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 1,558
Public sector 67 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 1,558
of which: General government 67 2,327 1,098 520 1,669 1,459
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,863 1,997 7,265 12,229 1,935 2,370

Principal repayments (long-term) 139 2,788 6,614 11,137 2,193 2,168

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 121 68 630 171 817 964
Public sector 121 68 630 171 817 964
of which: General government 46 68 630 171 816 964
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 18 2,720 5,984 10,966 1,376 1,204

Interest payments (long-term) 89 826 1,037 504 508 374

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20 217 244 309 319 269
Public sector 20 217 244 309 319 269
of which: General government 19 217 244 308 319 269
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 70 609 793 196 189 105

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,290 24,612 26,404 28,399 30,678 32,283
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,782 7,511 8,006 8,348 11,189 11,625
Official creditors 1,776 3,814 4,334 4,738 7,636 7,772
Multilateral 1,073 1,644 1,878 2,099 2,691 2,865
of which: World Bank 403 579 570 579 760 809
Bilateral 703 2,170 2,457 2,639 4,945 4,907
Private creditors 7 3,697 3,672 3,611 3,552 3,853
Bondholders 0 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,432 3,637
Commercial banks and others 7 297 272 211 120 216
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,508 17,101 18,398 20,050 19,489 20,659
Bondholders .. 1,317 1,865 2,228 1,318 1,346
Commercial banks and others 3,508 15,783 16,533 17,822 18,171 19,313
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 273 189 287 285 401 483

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 19 116 104 0 101 -3
Long-term 2,790 1,536 1,748 1,613 1,410 1,761
Official creditors 23 848 490 409 916 289
Multilateral 20 377 263 229 536 218
of which: World Bank 17 130 5 13 153 71
Bilateral 2 471 227 180 380 71
Private creditors 2,768 688 1,258 1,203 495 1,472
Bondholders -75 1,232 525 440 -341 229
Banks and others 2,843 -544 733 763 835 1,243
Short-term 117 574 -64 -138 -1,683 -103
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,331 828 799 1,231 681 1,165
Portfolio equity 680 -10 -7 7 6 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 173 407 375 359 405 339
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 90 283 249 250 268 261
Debt service to exports (%) 7 54 98 133 35 26
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 6 11 10 9 4 3
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 18 6 6 7 8 8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 37 10 9 10 13 11
Gross national income (GNI) 6,610 9,872 11,944 12,634 12,053 13,021
110
MONTENEGRO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,503 7,219 8,027 8,585 10,522 10,552
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 40 37 36 36 124 202
of which: SDR allocations 40 37 36 36 37 117
Long-term external debt 4,277 7,008 7,776 8,272 10,081 9,964
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,349 2,978 3,443 3,726 4,861 4,288
Public sector 1,340 2,935 3,417 3,717 4,855 4,286
of which: General government 1,036 2,644 3,163 3,479 4,622 4,099
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 44 26 9 6 2
Private sector not guaranteed 2,928 4,029 4,333 4,546 5,220 5,675
Short-term external debt 186 174 215 277 316 386

Disbursements (long-term) 676 1,640 2,315 1,607 1,893 778

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 383 456 1,175 788 1,328 177
Public sector 374 456 1,175 788 1,328 177
of which: General government 297 438 1,156 765 1,311 170
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 293 1,184 1,140 819 565 601

Principal repayments (long-term) 59 953 1,421 1,293 1,008 1,009

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 197 591 444 516 456
Public sector 59 186 575 428 513 453
of which: General government 47 142 527 392 476 413
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 11 17 16 4 3
Private sector not guaranteed .. 755 830 849 492 553

Interest payments (long-term) 33 208 267 229 249 392

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 96 102 105 109 239
Public sector 33 94 101 105 108 239
of which: General government 25 87 95 100 104 235
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 2 1 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed .. 113 165 123 140 153

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,277 7,008 7,776 8,272 10,081 9,964
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,349 2,978 3,443 3,726 4,861 4,288
Official creditors 818 1,323 1,459 1,551 1,694 1,652
Multilateral 546 634 589 556 673 645
of which: World Bank 306 297 271 243 252 232
Bilateral 271 689 871 995 1,021 1,008
Private creditors 531 1,655 1,984 2,175 3,168 2,636
Bondholders 267 1,295 1,394 1,740 2,427 1,982
Commercial banks and others 264 360 589 435 741 654
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,928 4,029 4,333 4,546 5,220 5,675
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,928 4,029 4,333 4,546 5,220 5,675
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 40 37 36 36 124 202

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 84 0
Long-term 616 687 894 314 885 -231
Official creditors 2 133 167 116 74 22
Multilateral -5 -44 -22 -12 62 24
of which: World Bank -3 -26 -18 -12 -12 -2
Bilateral 8 177 190 128 12 -2
Private creditors 614 554 726 197 811 -252
Bondholders 265 0 163 370 490 -269
Banks and others 349 554 564 -173 321 17
Short-term -1,021 0 41 62 39 70
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 566 386 342 232 220 476
Portfolio equity -8 14 0 3 -1 -27

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 262 309 297 310 670 361
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 109 146 144 153 217 178
Debt service to exports (%) 6 50 63 55 80 48
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 4 2 3 3 3 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 9 7 6 6 6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 12 14 15 18 20 19
Gross national income (GNI) 4,114 4,956 5,572 5,604 4,857 5,932
111
MOROCCO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 27,296 50,982 50,370 54,993 65,726 65,414
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 865 800 781 776 3,906 4,085
of which: SDR allocations 865 800 781 776 809 1,986
Long-term external debt 23,684 42,774 42,144 45,521 53,673 52,251
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21,095 34,663 33,444 36,485 43,665 42,149
Public sector 21,092 34,663 33,444 36,485 43,665 42,149
of which: General government 13,056 21,595 20,747 23,618 29,926 28,734
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,589 8,111 8,700 9,036 10,008 10,102
Short-term external debt 2,747 7,408 7,446 8,695 8,146 9,079

Disbursements (long-term) 4,999 4,465 3,256 6,699 9,236 5,264

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,882 2,952 1,794 5,446 8,119 4,104
Public sector 3,882 2,952 1,794 5,446 8,119 4,104
of which: General government 2,879 1,813 1,004 4,338 7,054 1,885
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,116 1,513 1,462 1,253 1,117 1,160

Principal repayments (long-term) 2,428 2,797 2,742 2,917 3,943 4,212

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,274 2,389 2,060 2,037 3,266 3,421
Public sector 1,271 2,389 2,060 2,037 3,266 3,421
of which: General government 730 1,611 1,197 1,208 2,414 1,507
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,154 408 682 880 677 790

Interest payments (long-term) 850 1,016 1,088 1,053 1,042 1,159

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 820 927 932 947 936 1,018
Public sector 819 927 932 947 936 1,018
of which: General government 559 522 519 558 561 622
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 31 88 155 106 106 141

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 23,684 42,774 42,144 45,521 53,673 52,251
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 21,095 34,663 33,444 36,485 43,665 42,149
Official creditors 17,249 24,181 23,158 23,669 27,186 25,944
Multilateral 10,186 16,069 15,691 16,686 19,673 18,982
of which: World Bank 2,518 5,560 5,529 6,414 7,886 8,118
Bilateral 7,063 8,112 7,467 6,984 7,513 6,962
Private creditors 3,846 10,483 10,286 12,816 16,479 16,205
Bondholders 1,336 6,499 6,390 7,590 10,912 11,602
Commercial banks and others 2,510 3,984 3,896 5,226 5,567 4,603
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,589 8,111 8,700 9,036 10,008 10,102
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,589 8,111 8,700 9,036 10,008 10,102
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 865 800 781 776 3,906 4,085

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 2,996 -927
Long-term 2,571 1,668 514 3,782 5,293 1,052
Official creditors 1,123 1,217 -312 790 1,876 326
Multilateral 622 1,153 134 1,206 1,812 400
of which: World Bank 64 532 146 957 985 716
Bilateral 501 63 -446 -416 64 -75
Private creditors 1,448 451 826 2,993 3,417 727
Bondholders 1,327 0 0 1,239 3,000 983
Banks and others 121 451 826 1,754 417 -256
Short-term 537 -1,515 38 1,250 -549 933
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,369 1,952 2,926 1,359 1,115 1,614
Portfolio equity 132 -33 -184 280 -42 -398

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 98 129 115 123 172 137
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 30 47 43 47 58 50
Debt service to exports (%) 12 10 9 9 14 14
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 10 15 15 16 12 14
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 37 32 31 30 30 29
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 83 50 47 46 53 53
Gross national income (GNI) 91,933 107,533 115,795 117,528 113,027 130,652
112
MOZAMBIQUE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 11,361 46,335 50,219 54,659 59,054 62,819
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 357 343 303 375 689 947
of which: SDR allocations 168 155 151 151 157 457
Long-term external debt 10,400 44,903 48,679 52,621 56,513 60,094
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,399 10,467 10,636 10,717 10,786 10,577
Public sector 3,399 10,467 10,636 10,717 10,786 10,577
of which: General government 3,300 8,852 9,141 9,427 9,643 9,532
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7,001 34,436 38,043 41,903 45,727 49,517
Short-term external debt 604 1,089 1,237 1,663 1,852 1,778

Disbursements (long-term) 3,793 2,531 4,209 4,536 4,094 10,182

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 403 720 603 675 271 444
Public sector 403 720 603 675 271 444
of which: General government 397 720 603 675 271 444
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,391 1,812 3,606 3,861 3,824 9,738

Principal repayments (long-term) 43 240 281 552 490 6,438

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43 240 281 552 490 490
Public sector 43 240 281 552 490 490
of which: General government 40 130 163 347 340 393
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 5,948

Interest payments (long-term) 151 1,087 1,599 1,358 576 757

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49 110 124 137 117 94
Public sector 49 110 124 137 117 94
of which: General government 47 107 121 119 108 93
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 102 977 1,474 1,220 459 663

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 10,400 44,903 48,679 52,621 56,513 60,094
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,399 10,467 10,636 10,717 10,786 10,577
Official creditors 3,303 8,725 9,033 9,303 9,504 9,310
Multilateral 2,195 4,073 4,213 4,424 4,673 4,574
of which: World Bank 1,491 2,822 2,904 3,039 3,224 3,147
Bilateral 1,108 4,652 4,820 4,879 4,831 4,736
Private creditors 96 1,742 1,603 1,414 1,282 1,267
Bondholders .. 727 727 727 727 727
Commercial banks and others 96 1,015 877 688 556 540
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7,001 34,436 38,043 41,903 45,727 49,517
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 7,001 34,436 38,043 41,903 45,727 49,517
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 357 343 303 375 689 947

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 21 -32 -32 73 288 -27
Long-term 3,750 2,292 3,928 3,984 3,604 3,744
Official creditors 289 585 451 309 -68 -52
Multilateral 255 162 231 233 89 20
of which: World Bank 158 113 153 154 56 16
Bilateral 33 423 220 76 -158 -71
Private creditors 3,462 1,707 3,477 3,676 3,673 3,796
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 3,462 1,707 3,477 3,676 3,673 3,796
Short-term -68 445 77 418 186 -71
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 410 668 491 382 254 426
Portfolio equity .. -5 0 0 3 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 419 835 806 933 1,288 948
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 106 361 345 362 430 399
Debt service to exports (%) 7 25 31 34 24 109
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 2 2 3 3 3
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 9 8 8 8 7
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 19 7 6 7 7 6
Gross national income (GNI) 10,745 12,839 14,559 15,113 13,742 15,760
113
MYANMAR
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 9,990 10,783 10,729 11,178 13,408 13,927
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 378 350 342 340 726 1,761
of which: SDR allocations 378 350 342 340 354 1,037
Long-term external debt 8,433 10,336 10,283 10,772 12,614 12,135
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,433 10,307 10,268 10,744 12,579 11,822
Public sector 8,288 10,307 10,268 10,744 12,579 11,822
of which: General government 1,899 5,490 5,939 6,756 8,639 8,297
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 146 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 28 14 28 35 313
Short-term external debt 1,179 97 105 66 68 32

Disbursements (long-term) 714 440 793 1,040 1,676 847

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 714 440 793 976 1,595 507
Public sector 714 440 793 976 1,595 507
of which: General government 14 381 696 865 1,546 487
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 65 81 340

Principal repayments (long-term) 201 443 546 506 485 702

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 201 424 532 454 411 628
Public sector 201 424 532 454 411 628
of which: General government 25 41 84 52 132 257
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 19 14 51 74 74

Interest payments (long-term) 40 201 287 186 112 1,606

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 201 287 176 97 1,599
Public sector 40 201 287 176 97 1,599
of which: General government 3 53 150 46 32 1,498
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 1 .. 10 15 7

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 8,433 10,336 10,283 10,772 12,614 12,135
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 8,433 10,307 10,268 10,744 12,579 11,822
Official creditors 7,482 7,371 7,662 8,365 10,150 9,695
Multilateral 1,447 1,788 1,859 2,081 2,629 2,676
of which: World Bank 799 1,192 1,266 1,468 1,804 1,769
Bilateral 6,035 5,583 5,804 6,283 7,521 7,019
Private creditors 952 2,937 2,606 2,380 2,429 2,127
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 952 2,937 2,606 2,380 2,429 2,127
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 28 14 28 35 313
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 28 14 28 35 313
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 378 350 342 340 726 1,761

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 360 368
Long-term 513 -3 247 535 1,191 145
Official creditors 210 146 475 704 1,324 106
Multilateral 0 226 207 232 458 115
of which: World Bank .. 214 181 208 271 16
Bilateral 210 -80 268 473 867 -9
Private creditors 303 -149 -228 -169 -133 39
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 303 -149 -228 -169 -133 39
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 901 2,937 2,201 1,978 1,770 817
Portfolio equity .. 0 0 0 .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 127 73 63 59 87 106
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 18 16 17 18 22
Debt service to exports (%) 3 4 5 4 4 18
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 12 1 1 1 1 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 14 17 17 19 20 19
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 57 46 50 49 54 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 36,072 59,776 65,148 66,389 76,406 63,338
114
NEPAL
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 3,787 4,963 5,511 6,513 7,906 8,856
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 219 168 156 147 370 560
of which: SDR allocations 105 97 95 94 98 306
Long-term external debt 3,507 4,374 5,103 5,963 7,175 7,961
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,507 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,057 7,794
Public sector 3,507 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,057 7,794
of which: General government 3,493 4,294 4,969 5,841 7,054 7,791
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 75 129 118 118 166
Short-term external debt 61 421 252 403 361 335

Disbursements (long-term) 126 606 1,017 1,096 1,157 1,183

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 126 591 955 1,096 1,157 1,135
Public sector 126 591 955 1,096 1,157 1,135
of which: General government 126 591 955 1,096 1,157 1,135
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 15 63 .. .. 48

Principal repayments (long-term) 148 195 181 205 202 201

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 148 172 174 194 202 201
Public sector 148 172 174 194 202 201
of which: General government 147 172 173 193 201 201
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 23 8 11 .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 32 38 45 57 60 64

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32 36 41 52 54 62
Public sector 32 36 41 52 54 62
of which: General government 32 36 41 52 54 61
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 2 4 6 6 2

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,507 4,374 5,103 5,963 7,175 7,961
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,507 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,057 7,794
Official creditors 3,504 4,299 4,974 5,845 7,057 7,794
Multilateral 3,130 3,901 4,458 5,080 6,152 6,751
of which: World Bank 1,426 2,022 2,477 2,877 3,469 3,966
Bilateral 374 399 516 765 905 1,044
Private creditors 3 0 0 0 0 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 3 0 0 0 0 0
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 75 129 118 118 166
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 75 129 118 118 166
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 219 168 156 147 370 560

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 39 -12 -8 -8 210 -10
Long-term -22 411 836 891 956 982
Official creditors -22 419 781 902 956 934
Multilateral -19 386 658 651 853 774
of which: World Bank -32 211 512 415 459 611
Bilateral -3 34 123 251 103 160
Private creditors 0 -8 55 -11 .. 48
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 0 -8 55 -11 .. 48
Short-term 17 43 -170 151 -42 -25
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment .. 196 68 186 127 196
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 213 166 163 190 347 297
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 23 17 17 19 23 24
Debt service to exports (%) 11 8 7 8 12 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 8 5 6 5 4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 83 79 81 78 78 76
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 78 185 146 129 140 104
Gross national income (GNI) 16,125 29,263 33,328 34,540 33,830 36,486
115
NICARAGUA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,017 12,707 13,003 13,192 13,593 14,354
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 359 219 195 181 369 705
of which: SDR allocations 192 177 173 172 179 523
Long-term external debt 5,256 11,044 11,432 11,805 12,056 12,575
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,704 4,710 5,108 5,428 5,903 6,407
Public sector 2,704 4,710 5,108 5,428 5,903 6,407
of which: General government 2,006 3,927 4,150 4,516 5,064 5,646
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,552 6,334 6,324 6,378 6,152 6,168
Short-term external debt 1,402 1,444 1,376 1,205 1,169 1,074

Disbursements (long-term) 1,181 2,739 2,286 2,296 1,482 1,837

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 267 539 572 509 652 811
Public sector 267 539 572 509 652 811
of which: General government 267 539 372 509 652 811
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 914 2,200 1,714 1,787 830 1,026

Principal repayments (long-term) 459 2,331 1,865 1,939 1,366 1,180

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 56 122 135 176 230 257
Public sector 56 122 135 176 230 257
of which: General government 33 96 110 131 157 180
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 403 2,209 1,730 1,762 1,137 923

Interest payments (long-term) 103 274 268 305 279 181

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 34 83 94 119 117 112
Public sector 34 83 94 119 117 112
of which: General government 29 79 89 102 107 106
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 70 191 174 186 162 69

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,256 11,044 11,432 11,805 12,056 12,575
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,704 4,710 5,108 5,428 5,903 6,407
Official creditors 2,694 4,696 5,083 5,402 5,879 6,386
Multilateral 1,661 3,530 3,914 4,215 4,653 5,193
of which: World Bank 447 595 624 692 771 872
Bilateral 1,033 1,166 1,170 1,187 1,225 1,193
Private creditors 11 14 24 26 25 21
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 11 14 24 26 25 21
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,552 6,334 6,324 6,378 6,152 6,168
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,552 6,334 6,324 6,378 6,152 6,168
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 359 219 195 181 369 705

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 20 -22 -19 -13 174 -2
Long-term 721 408 420 357 116 657
Official creditors 212 416 425 331 425 556
Multilateral 214 404 411 306 411 559
of which: World Bank 36 33 44 71 58 115
Bilateral -2 13 15 25 14 -3
Private creditors 509 -8 -5 26 -309 101
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 509 -8 -5 26 -309 101
Short-term 389 15 -105 -193 -52 -101
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 490 980 798 394 703 973
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 197 219 230 227 253 216
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 82 97 105 109 116 109
Debt service to exports (%) 16 46 38 39 31 21
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 20 11 11 9 9 7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 28 30 32 34 36
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 22 17 18 24 28
Gross national income (GNI) 8,514 13,074 12,373 12,130 11,761 13,198
116
NIGER
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,534 3,050 3,191 3,598 4,567 4,984
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 158 287 311 346 498 687
of which: SDR allocations 97 90 88 87 91 265
Long-term external debt 1,206 2,698 2,819 3,169 4,021 4,253
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,206 2,698 2,819 3,169 4,021 4,253
Public sector 1,206 2,698 2,819 3,169 4,021 4,253
of which: General government 1,205 2,697 2,818 3,168 4,020 4,252
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 170 65 61 84 48 44

Disbursements (long-term) 279 361 278 422 746 559

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 279 361 278 422 746 559
Public sector 279 361 278 422 746 559
of which: General government 279 361 278 422 746 559
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 16 88 72 94 122 128

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9 88 72 94 122 128
Public sector 9 88 72 94 122 128
of which: General government 9 88 72 94 122 128
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7 .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 38 44 35 50 64

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 38 44 35 50 64
Public sector 8 38 44 35 50 64
of which: General government 8 38 44 35 50 64
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,206 2,698 2,819 3,169 4,021 4,253
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,206 2,698 2,819 3,169 4,021 4,253
Official creditors 1,205 2,698 2,819 3,169 3,802 4,051
Multilateral 664 2,037 2,095 2,465 3,073 3,330
of which: World Bank 275 988 1,044 1,347 1,694 1,863
Bilateral 541 661 724 703 728 721
Private creditors 1 .. .. .. 219 202
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1 .. .. .. 219 202
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 158 287 311 346 498 687

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 5 32 32 36 133 27
Long-term 263 273 206 328 624 431
Official creditors 270 273 206 328 420 431
Multilateral 62 240 127 341 429 431
of which: World Bank 14 159 87 257 259 253
Bilateral 208 33 79 -14 -9 0
Private creditors -7 .. .. .. 204 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -7 .. .. .. 204 0
Short-term 35 21 -11 16 -5 -4
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 0 128 211 306 76 755
Portfolio equity 6 16 21 27 16 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 115 197 201 236 308 330
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 19 26 24 27 35 33
Debt service to exports (%) 2 9 8 9 13 15
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 2 2 2 1 1
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 43 67 66 69 67 67
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 50 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 8,284 11,600 13,406 13,479 13,156 15,188
117
NIGERIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 18,822 45,780 54,203 60,041 70,524 76,215
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,580 2,386 2,330 2,317 5,948 9,073
of which: SDR allocations 2,580 2,386 2,330 2,317 2,413 5,637
Long-term external debt 16,241 43,394 51,872 57,724 64,576 67,142
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,686 18,830 25,250 27,566 29,704 34,385
Public sector 4,686 18,830 25,250 27,566 29,704 34,385
of which: General government 4,686 18,504 24,859 27,166 29,262 33,956
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 11,556 24,564 26,622 30,158 34,873 32,757
Short-term external debt 0 0 0 0 0 0

Disbursements (long-term) 1,111 12,119 12,650 9,206 9,974 9,811

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,051 7,131 7,374 2,689 2,124 6,073
Public sector 1,051 7,131 7,374 2,689 2,124 6,073
of which: General government 1,051 7,079 7,300 2,678 2,094 6,073
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 60 4,988 5,277 6,517 7,849 3,738

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,189 2,707 3,954 3,275 3,671 6,772

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 248 137 735 295 441 1,011
Public sector 241 137 735 295 441 1,011
of which: General government 227 137 735 295 441 1,011
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 7 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 942 2,570 3,219 2,980 3,230 5,760

Interest payments (long-term) 59 822 1,412 1,832 1,846 1,731

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 59 207 699 1,096 1,115 1,113
Public sector 59 207 699 1,096 1,115 1,113
of which: General government 58 205 697 1,093 1,112 1,110
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 615 713 737 731 618

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 16,241 43,394 51,872 57,724 64,576 67,142
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,686 18,830 25,250 27,566 29,704 34,385
Official creditors 4,686 12,530 14,082 16,398 18,535 19,717
Multilateral 4,304 10,110 10,932 12,519 14,280 15,193
of which: World Bank 3,705 7,913 8,557 9,959 11,415 12,310
Bilateral 381 2,420 3,150 3,878 4,256 4,524
Private creditors 0 6,300 11,168 11,168 11,168 14,668
Bondholders .. 6,300 11,168 11,168 11,168 14,668
Commercial banks and others 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 11,556 24,564 26,622 30,158 34,873 32,757
Bondholders .. 6,942 6,017 6,367 5,817 5,900
Commercial banks and others 11,556 17,622 20,605 23,791 29,055 26,857
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,580 2,386 2,330 2,317 5,948 9,073

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 3,419 0
Long-term -79 9,412 8,696 5,930 6,303 3,039
Official creditors 807 2,194 1,770 2,394 1,684 1,562
Multilateral 865 1,713 1,041 1,666 1,325 1,270
of which: World Bank 905 858 851 1,475 1,058 1,228
Bilateral -58 480 729 728 358 292
Private creditors -886 7,218 6,926 3,536 4,619 1,477
Bondholders .. 5,800 3,943 350 -550 3,583
Banks and others -886 1,418 2,983 3,186 5,169 -2,105
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 5,966 1,150 -563 851 930 2,447
Portfolio equity 2,153 1,360 1,259 -1,548 -255 72

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 22 87 80 83 169 144
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 6 13 14 14 17 18
Debt service to exports (%) 2 7 8 7 13 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 23 22 20 21 20 20
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 172 87 79 64 52 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 342,044 364,254 378,867 433,449 416,521 423,828
118
NORTH MACEDONIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,159 8,544 8,667 9,000 10,526 10,840
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 101 93 91 91 297 476
of which: SDR allocations 101 93 91 91 95 280
Long-term external debt 3,840 7,133 7,238 7,506 8,738 8,721
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,880 3,829 4,062 4,171 5,110 5,099
Public sector 1,880 3,829 4,061 4,163 5,102 5,092
of which: General government 1,660 2,920 3,142 3,152 3,993 3,973
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. 1 7 8 7
Private sector not guaranteed 1,959 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,629 3,622
Short-term external debt 1,218 1,318 1,339 1,403 1,491 1,642

Disbursements (long-term) 596 1,020 1,401 827 1,803 1,752

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 197 221 795 389 1,202 1,178
Public sector 197 221 794 383 1,202 1,178
of which: General government 123 110 672 181 1,032 1,006
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. 1 6 1 0
Private sector not guaranteed 399 798 606 438 600 574

Principal repayments (long-term) 443 645 1,077 513 948 1,241

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 98 262 406 219 625 830
Public sector 98 262 406 219 625 829
of which: General government 87 177 317 118 505 715
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. 1
Private sector not guaranteed 344 383 671 293 323 411

Interest payments (long-term) 128 177 159 151 149 191

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 56 112 105 115 112 129
Public sector 56 112 105 115 112 129
of which: General government 51 100 92 101 97 114
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 71 65 54 36 36 62

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 3,840 7,133 7,238 7,506 8,738 8,721
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,880 3,829 4,062 4,171 5,110 5,099
Official creditors 1,369 1,921 1,865 2,051 2,390 2,391
Multilateral 1,127 1,336 1,245 1,387 1,735 1,770
of which: World Bank 681 658 614 732 856 799
Bilateral 242 585 620 665 655 621
Private creditors 512 1,907 2,197 2,119 2,720 2,708
Bondholders 434 1,463 1,865 1,837 2,646 2,669
Commercial banks and others 77 444 332 283 74 39
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,959 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,629 3,622
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,959 3,304 3,176 3,336 3,629 3,622
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 101 93 91 91 297 476

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 195 0
Long-term 153 375 324 315 855 511
Official creditors 101 22 1 206 199 142
Multilateral 101 -40 -39 161 219 165
of which: World Bank 53 -24 -21 125 66 0
Bilateral 0 62 39 46 -20 -23
Private creditors 53 352 324 109 655 369
Bondholders .. 0 483 6 596 236
Banks and others 53 352 -160 102 59 133
Short-term -229 230 8 56 51 164
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 202 246 471 444 110 377
Portfolio equity -4 -12 -34 -16 -8 -3

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 136 133 111 113 143 117
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 56 79 71 75 90 82
Debt service to exports (%) 16 14 17 9 16 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 24 15 15 16 14 15
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 16 14 15 16 16
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38 29 35 37 35 34
Gross national income (GNI) 9,276 10,859 12,151 12,025 11,647 13,217
119
PAKISTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 63,124 91,662 99,224 107,883 115,695 130,433
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10,258 7,664 7,276 8,097 8,902 10,841
of which: SDR allocations 1,522 1,408 1,375 1,367 1,424 4,108
Long-term external debt 48,199 75,289 83,860 90,260 99,563 110,610
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 43,726 66,698 72,954 78,177 85,917 94,670
Public sector 43,681 66,668 72,927 78,153 85,894 94,650
of which: General government 43,567 60,243 64,928 68,252 75,366 82,313
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 46 29 26 24 23 20
Private sector not guaranteed 4,473 8,591 10,906 12,083 13,647 15,940
Short-term external debt 4,667 8,709 8,088 9,526 7,230 8,983

Disbursements (long-term) 3,958 14,007 12,862 13,292 13,897 18,363

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,867 11,179 10,107 11,509 11,425 16,887
Public sector 1,867 11,179 10,107 11,509 11,425 16,887
of which: General government 1,867 10,873 8,226 10,652 10,334 15,108
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,091 2,828 2,755 1,782 2,472 1,476

Principal repayments (long-term) 3,022 4,962 3,314 7,481 6,360 8,666

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,139 4,600 2,875 6,875 5,452 7,756
Public sector 2,137 4,598 2,872 6,872 5,450 7,754
of which: General government 2,106 4,344 2,608 6,649 5,222 6,576
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 1 2 2 2 2
Private sector not guaranteed 883 362 439 606 907 910

Interest payments (long-term) 883 1,563 2,266 2,700 2,285 2,224

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 784 1,323 1,832 2,157 1,721 1,729
Public sector 783 1,322 1,832 2,157 1,721 1,728
of which: General government 780 1,305 1,711 1,984 1,485 1,445
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 100 240 434 543 564 496

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 48,199 75,289 83,860 90,260 99,563 110,610
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 43,726 66,698 72,954 78,177 85,917 94,670
Official creditors 42,076 50,391 56,409 62,187 67,851 72,443
Multilateral 24,670 27,845 27,880 30,141 33,817 35,209
of which: World Bank 11,806 15,300 15,162 15,305 17,176 18,262
Bilateral 17,405 22,546 28,528 32,047 34,034 37,234
Private creditors 1,651 16,307 16,545 15,990 18,066 22,227
Bondholders 1,550 7,300 7,300 5,300 5,300 8,300
Commercial banks and others 101 9,007 9,245 10,690 12,766 13,927
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,473 8,591 10,906 12,083 13,647 15,940
Bondholders 250 12 12 12 12 12
Commercial banks and others 4,223 8,579 10,894 12,071 13,635 15,928
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10,258 7,664 7,276 8,097 8,902 10,841

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 1,360 0 -212 862 453 -544
Long-term 936 9,045 9,548 5,811 7,538 9,697
Official creditors 402 3,206 6,952 6,458 3,662 4,663
Multilateral 452 1,173 482 2,418 2,844 2,026
of which: World Bank 78 491 183 223 1,269 1,541
Bilateral -50 2,033 6,469 4,040 818 2,637
Private creditors 534 5,839 2,596 -647 3,875 5,034
Bondholders -1,200 1,750 0 -2,000 .. 3,000
Banks and others 1,734 4,089 2,596 1,353 3,875 2,034
Short-term 3,201 1,588 -621 1,438 -2,296 1,753
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 2,022 2,583 1,479 1,981 1,837 1,851
Portfolio equity 511 -391 -528 22 -542 -359

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 220 304 315 346 417 360
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 27 28 34 39 38
Debt service to exports (%) 15 22 19 36 36 34
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 10 8 9 6 7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 39 30 28 28 29 27
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 23 17 9 12 13 15
Gross national income (GNI) 173,884 334,192 350,691 315,299 294,847 341,730
120
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,987 17,224 17,724 18,745 18,017 16,983
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 193 179 175 174 560 897
of which: SDR allocations 193 179 175 174 181 529
Long-term external debt 5,380 16,968 17,085 17,914 17,059 15,823
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,042 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 6,041
Public sector 1,042 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 6,041
of which: General government 1,038 2,303 3,408 4,311 5,109 6,038
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 4,337 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,947 9,782
Short-term external debt 414 77 464 657 399 263

Disbursements (long-term) 3,153 1,320 3,046 1,501 1,554 2,552

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 1,539
Public sector 37 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 1,539
of which: General government 37 394 1,234 1,201 1,554 1,539
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,116 926 1,812 300 .. 1,013

Principal repayments (long-term) 758 2,111 2,029 1,568 1,095 3,716

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 67 84 93 281 845 538
Public sector 67 84 93 281 845 538
of which: General government 67 84 93 281 845 538
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 691 2,027 1,937 1,286 250 3,178

Interest payments (long-term) 50 673 741 772 201 326

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16 51 88 149 143 100
Public sector 16 51 88 149 143 100
of which: General government 16 51 88 149 143 100
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 33 622 653 623 58 226

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,380 16,968 17,085 17,914 17,059 15,823
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,042 2,306 3,411 4,313 5,112 6,041
Official creditors 1,009 1,957 2,374 3,161 4,181 5,447
Multilateral 712 1,278 1,633 1,853 2,565 2,923
of which: World Bank 225 277 446 446 480 562
Bilateral 297 679 741 1,307 1,616 2,524
Private creditors 33 349 1,037 1,152 931 594
Bondholders .. .. 500 500 500 500
Commercial banks and others 33 349 537 652 431 94
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,337 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,947 9,782
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 4,337 14,663 13,674 13,601 11,947 9,782
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 193 179 175 174 560 897

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 367 0
Long-term 2,395 -791 1,017 -66 458 -1,164
Official creditors -23 181 452 804 938 1,331
Multilateral -2 68 373 232 670 390
of which: World Bank -6 4 174 8 16 96
Bilateral -21 114 79 572 268 941
Private creditors 2,418 -972 565 -870 -479 -2,494
Bondholders .. .. 500 .. .. ..
Banks and others 2,418 -972 65 -870 -479 -2,494
Short-term 302 -383 235 334 -243 -143
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 35 99 168 335 112 87
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 98 168 167 159 192 159
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 45 77 75 79 74 65
Debt service to exports (%) 13 27 26 20 14 38
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 7 0 3 4 2 2
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 12 7 9 10 14 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 51 10 12 12 .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 13,182 22,294 23,492 23,707 24,399 25,938
121
PARAGUAY
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 15,903 15,929 15,799 16,388 19,763 21,353
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 147 136 132 132 137 403
of which: SDR allocations 147 136 132 132 137 403
Long-term external debt 11,383 11,173 11,026 11,543 15,013 16,295
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,390 5,609 6,402 7,183 10,258 11,347
Public sector 2,390 5,605 6,383 7,148 10,212 11,302
of which: General government 2,148 5,421 6,196 6,978 10,058 11,113
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 4 19 35 46 45
Private sector not guaranteed 8,992 5,564 4,625 4,360 4,755 4,949
Short-term external debt 4,373 4,620 4,640 4,713 4,614 4,654

Disbursements (long-term) 1,912 996 1,535 1,453 4,334 2,013

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 308 978 1,003 994 3,281 1,669
Public sector 308 978 988 978 3,270 1,669
of which: General government 298 945 969 973 3,268 1,618
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 15 16 12 ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,605 18 533 459 1,053 344

Principal repayments (long-term) 314 1,338 1,680 924 630 703

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 240 209 208 207 218 552
Public sector 240 209 208 207 218 551
of which: General government 210 194 193 187 198 537
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 0 1
Private sector not guaranteed 75 1,129 1,472 717 412 150

Interest payments (long-term) 131 356 553 390 414 444

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 65 211 254 330 359 365
Public sector 65 211 254 329 358 365
of which: General government 58 206 249 323 353 363
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 1 1 1
Private sector not guaranteed 66 145 299 60 55 79

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 11,383 11,173 11,026 11,543 15,013 16,295
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,390 5,609 6,402 7,183 10,258 11,347
Official creditors 2,123 2,690 2,979 3,273 4,898 5,490
Multilateral 1,510 2,501 2,790 3,062 4,653 5,230
of which: World Bank 270 605 636 619 852 882
Bilateral 613 189 189 211 245 260
Private creditors 267 2,919 3,423 3,910 5,360 5,856
Bondholders .. 2,880 3,410 3,910 5,360 5,856
Commercial banks and others 267 39 13 0 0 0
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,992 5,564 4,625 4,360 4,755 4,949
Bondholders .. 600 600 600 1,150 1,450
Commercial banks and others 8,992 4,964 4,025 3,760 3,605 3,499
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 147 136 132 132 137 403

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 1,598 -342 -145 529 3,705 1,311
Official creditors 83 295 290 300 1,614 621
Multilateral 146 330 293 280 1,588 590
of which: World Bank -26 62 31 -11 233 30
Bilateral -63 -35 -2 20 25 31
Private creditors 1,515 -637 -435 229 2,091 690
Bondholders .. 300 530 500 2,000 796
Banks and others 1,515 -937 -965 -271 91 -106
Short-term 312 24 20 72 -99 41
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 401 336 451 70 82 25
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 143 112 109 122 165 149
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 62 42 41 45 58 56
Debt service to exports (%) 5 12 16 10 9 8
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 29 29 29 23 22
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 9 16 18 19 24 24
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26 47 47 45 44 43
Gross national income (GNI) 25,730 37,702 38,871 36,805 34,275 38,024
122
PERU
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 42,154 67,604 66,769 64,247 73,549 87,464
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 939 869 848 843 878 2,644
of which: SDR allocations 939 869 848 843 878 2,644
Long-term external debt 34,822 58,040 55,923 54,837 62,387 74,536
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 20,009 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 39,854
Public sector 19,563 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 39,854
of which: General government 19,554 16,823 15,990 16,451 25,872 37,699
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 445 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 14,813 39,062 37,778 36,231 34,360 34,682
Short-term external debt 6,393 8,695 9,998 8,567 10,284 10,285

Disbursements (long-term) 5,425 5,371 3,513 3,291 11,457 15,597

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,862 2,631 569 1,866 9,427 12,592
Public sector 3,862 2,631 569 1,866 9,427 12,592
of which: General government 3,862 481 569 1,866 9,427 12,592
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,563 2,740 2,945 1,425 2,030 3,005

Principal repayments (long-term) 4,060 8,718 4,583 4,327 4,191 2,779

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,490 3,746 1,263 1,356 290 396
Public sector 3,372 3,746 1,263 1,356 290 396
of which: General government 3,370 3,745 1,263 1,356 290 396
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 118 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 570 4,973 3,320 2,972 3,901 2,382

Interest payments (long-term) 2,550 2,151 2,328 2,103 2,049 2,293

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,096 969 982 979 919 1,109
Public sector 1,084 969 982 979 919 1,109
of which: General government 1,083 914 872 870 810 999
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 12 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,454 1,182 1,346 1,124 1,130 1,184

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 34,822 58,040 55,923 54,837 62,387 74,536
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 20,009 18,978 18,145 18,606 28,027 39,854
Official creditors 10,672 4,919 4,447 4,916 7,174 9,131
Multilateral 7,870 3,867 3,426 3,843 6,123 8,271
of which: World Bank 2,965 1,093 1,145 1,564 3,441 4,685
Bilateral 2,802 1,053 1,021 1,074 1,051 860
Private creditors 9,337 14,059 13,698 13,690 20,853 30,722
Bondholders 9,311 14,059 13,698 13,690 20,853 30,722
Commercial banks and others 26 0 .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 14,813 39,062 37,778 36,231 34,360 34,682
Bondholders 727 16,340 15,510 16,285 17,800 18,345
Commercial banks and others 14,086 22,723 22,268 19,946 16,560 16,338
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 939 869 848 843 878 2,644

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 1,365 -3,347 -1,070 -1,036 7,266 12,818
Official creditors -1,384 -3,265 -448 474 2,191 2,036
Multilateral -528 -2,822 -431 419 2,283 2,152
of which: World Bank 119 -1,516 51 423 1,877 1,246
Bilateral -856 -442 -16 55 -92 -116
Private creditors 2,749 -83 -622 -1,510 5,075 10,782
Bondholders 1,764 4,615 -1,077 812 8,461 11,004
Banks and others 985 -4,698 455 -2,322 -3,386 -222
Short-term 1,608 930 1,304 -1,432 1,717 1
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 7,762 7,240 6,684 3,356 561 6,890
Portfolio equity 87 -172 -442 -511 -209 -154

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 105 127 116 112 154 130
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 34 32 29 37 42
Debt service to exports (%) 17 21 12 12 14 8
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 13 15 13 14 12
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 19 6 5 6 8 9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 101 92 88 103 99 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 136,693 201,299 211,618 220,067 196,348 207,248
123
PHILIPPINES
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 65,350 73,106 78,967 83,625 98,494 106,428
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,290 1,193 1,165 1,159 1,207 3,913
of which: SDR allocations 1,290 1,193 1,165 1,159 1,207 3,913
Long-term external debt 53,548 57,638 61,734 65,258 83,078 87,425
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 45,086 36,502 38,355 41,735 56,394 59,284
Public sector 45,020 36,476 38,331 41,714 56,376 59,270
of which: General government 36,720 31,714 33,790 37,068 52,126 55,677
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 66 26 24 21 18 14
Private sector not guaranteed 8,462 21,136 23,379 23,524 26,684 28,141
Short-term external debt 10,512 14,275 16,068 17,208 14,209 15,090

Disbursements (long-term) 10,928 6,487 9,867 11,354 21,127 16,846

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,251 3,463 4,991 7,034 15,037 11,462
Public sector 8,251 3,463 4,991 7,034 15,037 11,462
of which: General government 8,032 3,410 4,933 6,197 14,981 11,162
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector not guaranteed 2,677 3,025 4,876 4,320 6,090 5,384

Principal repayments (long-term) 8,341 8,246 6,237 7,365 6,376 9,330

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,813 3,027 2,382 4,106 3,436 5,512
Public sector 6,809 3,024 2,379 4,103 3,432 5,509
of which: General government 5,238 2,830 2,201 2,707 2,910 4,893
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 3 3 3 3 3
Private sector not guaranteed 1,527 5,219 3,855 3,259 2,941 3,817

Interest payments (long-term) 3,112 2,953 2,564 3,211 2,974 2,866

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,977 2,237 2,301 2,416 2,295 2,101
Public sector 2,975 2,236 2,300 2,416 2,295 2,100
of which: General government 2,450 1,932 1,997 2,124 2,035 1,884
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 1 1 1 1 0
Private sector not guaranteed 135 716 264 795 679 765

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 53,548 57,638 61,734 65,258 83,078 87,425
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 45,086 36,502 38,355 41,735 56,394 59,284
Official creditors 23,209 19,080 20,050 21,532 29,390 32,333
Multilateral 8,372 11,013 12,054 13,173 19,664 22,888
of which: World Bank 2,738 5,132 5,842 6,456 8,100 9,740
Bilateral 14,837 8,067 7,995 8,359 9,726 9,445
Private creditors 21,877 17,422 18,305 20,203 27,005 26,951
Bondholders 20,590 16,718 17,636 19,081 26,062 26,256
Commercial banks and others 1,287 704 669 1,122 943 695
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 8,462 21,136 23,379 23,524 26,684 28,141
Bondholders 1,651 4,012 5,187 7,041 9,651 10,942
Commercial banks and others 6,811 17,123 18,192 16,483 17,033 17,199
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,290 1,193 1,165 1,159 1,207 3,913

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 2,587 -1,759 3,630 3,989 14,751 7,517
Official creditors -447 109 883 1,429 7,261 3,898
Multilateral -180 481 1,042 1,150 6,382 3,321
of which: World Bank 52 443 709 615 1,641 1,653
Bilateral -267 -371 -159 279 879 577
Private creditors 3,035 -1,868 2,747 2,560 7,490 3,618
Bondholders 1,700 -879 2,932 2,898 7,138 3,575
Banks and others 1,335 -989 -185 -338 352 44
Short-term 6,509 -252 1,793 1,140 -3,000 881
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment -214 4,261 3,242 3,427 2,651 4,575
Portfolio equity 833 496 -1,031 1,764 -2,541 -975

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 107 75 77 77 107 107
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 20 21 20 25 26
Debt service to exports (%) 19 12 9 10 10 12
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 16 20 20 21 14 14
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 13 15 15 16 20 22
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 85 100 90 95 100 93
Gross national income (GNI) 231,747 364,719 383,817 414,552 389,166 408,174
124
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 417,886 519,203 477,785 485,793 460,934 481,418
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 8,735 8,077 7,888 7,843 8,169 25,248
of which: SDR allocations 8,735 8,077 7,888 7,843 8,169 25,248
Long-term external debt 348,938 455,167 415,696 409,644 390,911 369,952
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 165,665 216,167 195,226 201,325 193,502 176,769
Public sector 165,665 216,167 195,226 201,325 193,502 176,769
of which: General government 34,346 54,267 54,627 69,765 65,199 62,610
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 183,273 239,000 220,470 208,319 197,409 193,184
Short-term external debt 60,214 55,958 54,201 68,306 61,854 86,218

Disbursements (long-term) 70,301 83,355 51,285 72,025 72,350 58,603

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 49,805 50,928 32,406 39,084 43,569 10,262
Public sector 49,805 50,928 32,406 39,084 43,569 10,262
of which: General government 10,485 17,045 17,205 18,762 19,461 10,262
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 20,496 32,427 18,878 32,941 28,780 48,341

Principal repayments (long-term) 42,974 61,773 90,548 78,405 92,298 79,085

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30,001 20,535 53,051 32,975 52,263 26,363
Public sector 30,001 20,535 53,051 32,975 52,263 26,363
of which: General government 7,136 1,034 16,753 3,580 24,226 12,686
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 12,973 41,238 37,497 45,430 40,035 52,722

Interest payments (long-term) 12,291 19,009 19,051 17,259 17,324 16,264

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,707 6,555 8,930 7,306 8,182 7,725
Public sector 1,707 6,555 8,930 7,306 8,182 7,725
of which: General government 873 1,658 2,763 1,923 3,436 4,385
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 10,584 12,455 10,121 9,953 9,142 8,539

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 348,938 455,167 415,696 409,644 390,911 369,952
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 165,665 216,167 195,226 201,325 193,502 176,769
Official creditors 7,637 1,176 966 772 800 1,084
Multilateral 3,087 617 476 353 261 194
of which: World Bank 2,618 551 428 315 236 178
Bilateral 4,550 559 489 420 539 890
Private creditors 158,028 214,991 194,260 200,553 192,702 175,685
Bondholders 25,510 61,081 64,594 82,772 79,082 73,922
Commercial banks and others 132,518 153,910 129,666 117,781 113,620 101,763
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 183,273 239,000 220,470 208,319 197,409 193,184
Bondholders 2,100 16,879 19,890 27,126 29,324 25,451
Commercial banks and others 181,173 222,121 200,580 181,193 168,085 167,733
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 8,735 8,077 7,888 7,843 8,169 25,248

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 27,327 21,582 -39,264 -6,379 -19,948 -20,482
Official creditors 227 -969 -210 -192 29 284
Multilateral -656 -127 -140 -122 -91 -66
of which: World Bank -596 -95 -123 -111 -79 -58
Bilateral 883 -842 -70 -70 120 350
Private creditors 27,100 22,551 -39,053 -6,188 -19,977 -20,767
Bondholders 3,674 20,326 6,841 25,427 -2,401 -8,292
Banks and others 23,426 2,225 -45,894 -31,615 -17,575 -12,474
Short-term 7,538 4,908 -1,757 14,105 -6,452 24,364
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 28,684 26,601 9,913 28,847 12,840 39,383
Portfolio equity -4,885 -7,940 -4,164 -4,320 -14,794 -11,036

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 87 114 85 91 108 76
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 34 30 30 32 28
Debt service to exports (%) 12 18 20 18 26 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 14 11 11 14 13 18
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 0 0 0 0 0
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 106 69 80 91 99 103
Gross national income (GNI) 1,477,813 1,532,146 1,616,938 1,639,593 1,453,317 1,732,532
125
RWANDA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,233 5,076 5,681 6,515 8,194 8,994
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 133 291 308 306 520 678
of which: SDR allocations 118 109 107 106 111 322
Long-term external debt 1,086 4,479 5,019 5,866 7,295 7,897
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 759 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 5,586
Public sector 759 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 5,586
of which: General government 758 2,833 3,249 3,928 5,122 5,585
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 327 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 2,312
Short-term external debt 14 307 354 343 378 418

Disbursements (long-term) 182 718 852 1,044 1,368 1,354

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 411 497 727 1,086 1,185
Public sector 63 411 497 727 1,086 1,185
of which: General government 63 411 497 727 1,086 1,185
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 119 306 355 318 282 169

Principal repayments (long-term) 41 155 155 185 102 610

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 28 29 31 52 592
Public sector 8 28 29 31 52 592
of which: General government 8 28 29 31 52 592
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 33 128 126 154 50 18

Interest payments (long-term) 10 83 101 133 148 148

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6 46 51 56 61 55
Public sector 6 46 51 56 61 55
of which: General government 6 46 51 56 61 55
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 4 38 50 78 87 93

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,086 4,479 5,019 5,866 7,295 7,897
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 759 2,833 3,249 3,929 5,122 5,586
Official creditors 759 2,433 2,849 3,465 4,377 4,727
Multilateral 639 2,081 2,467 2,979 3,737 3,912
of which: World Bank 259 1,404 1,610 1,897 2,432 2,575
Bilateral 120 353 382 486 640 815
Private creditors .. 400 400 464 745 859
Bondholders .. 400 400 421 475 775
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. 43 270 84
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 327 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 2,312
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 327 1,645 1,769 1,937 2,173 2,312
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 133 291 308 306 520 678

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0 73 24 0 195 -43
Long-term 141 562 696 859 1,266 744
Official creditors 55 384 468 631 753 479
Multilateral 36 349 429 524 625 291
of which: World Bank 10 288 241 295 434 228
Bilateral 19 34 38 108 128 188
Private creditors 86 179 229 228 513 265
Bondholders .. .. 0 21 54 300
Banks and others 86 179 229 207 459 -34
Short-term 4 80 48 -11 35 40
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 105 180 251 151 44 158
Portfolio equity 8 0 6 3 3 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 172 264 276 287 422 423
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 20 57 61 65 82 83
Debt service to exports (%) 7 13 13 14 15 38
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 6 6 5 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 52 41 43 46 46 43
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 65 23 24 22 22 21
Gross national income (GNI) 6,070 8,961 9,295 10,008 9,948 10,844
126
SAMOA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 325.1 443.1 427.5 408.6 437.3 443.3
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 26.0 27.4 24.3 21.0 43.5 62.4
of which: SDR allocations 17.1 15.8 15.4 15.3 16.0 37.3
Long-term external debt 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
Public sector 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
of which: General government 297.5 415.5 403.1 387.6 393.8 380.9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Disbursements (long-term) 78.9 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 0.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78.9 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 0.0
Public sector 78.9 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 0.0
of which: General government 78.9 21.0 22.0 9.3 3.1 0.0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 7.2 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 11.3

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7.2 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 11.3
Public sector 7.2 18.3 21.9 21.3 18.1 11.3
of which: General government 7.1 18.1 21.7 21.3 18.1 11.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 3.3 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 2.6

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.3 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 2.6
Public sector 3.3 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 2.6
of which: General government 3.3 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.8 2.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
Official creditors 299.1 415.7 403.2 387.6 393.8 380.9
Multilateral 219.2 215.0 208.1 205.8 206.1 189.2
of which: World Bank 99.3 103.4 104.9 110.3 114.6 107.8
Bilateral 79.9 200.7 195.1 181.8 187.8 191.7
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 26.0 27.4 24.3 21.0 43.5 62.4

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. -1.6 -2.5 -3.2 21.0 -1.7
Long-term 71.6 2.8 0.1 -12.0 -14.9 -11.3
Official creditors 71.6 2.8 0.1 -12.0 -14.9 -11.3
Multilateral 40.6 -0.1 -2.0 -1.2 -7.7 -11.3
of which: World Bank 19.9 5.2 4.0 6.0 -0.1 -3.6
Bilateral 31.1 2.9 2.1 -10.9 -7.3 0.0
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 0.3 9.2 16.7 2.7 4.4 8.9
Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 154.0 155.8 139.4 118.9 347.0 402.9
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 50.5 55.0 54.0 50.1 56.3 57.3
Debt service to exports (%) 5.0 9.0 9.9 8.8 18.7 14.2
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67.4 48.5 48.7 50.4 47.1 42.7
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 53.2 27.9 38.0 43.4 63.4 66.5
Gross national income (GNI) 643.3 806.1 792.2 816.2 776.6 773.5
127
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 181.1 269.5 252.6 251.6 291.2 306.4
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 15.9 16.8 16.8 18.8 37.0 60.5
of which: SDR allocations 10.9 10.1 9.9 9.8 10.2 29.8
Long-term external debt 145.3 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 234.4
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 145.3 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 234.4
Public sector 140.3 241.2 222.0 220.6 236.3 229.9
of which: General government 140.3 241.2 222.0 220.6 236.3 229.9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.6
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 19.9 7.2 9.6 7.6 13.3 11.4

Disbursements (long-term) 19.8 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 2.3

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 19.8 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 2.3
Public sector 19.8 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 2.3
of which: General government 19.8 12.2 5.6 4.4 5.3 2.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 1.2 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 1.5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.2 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 1.5
Public sector 1.2 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 1.5
of which: General government 1.2 2.1 2.7 4.8 0.7 1.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 0.3 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 0.5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.3 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 0.5
Public sector 0.3 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 0.5
of which: General government 0.3 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 0.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 145.3 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 234.4
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 145.3 245.5 226.3 225.2 240.9 234.4
Official creditors 145.3 235.5 216.3 215.2 230.9 224.4
Multilateral 37.3 44.9 46.9 46.2 53.0 51.8
of which: World Bank 14.2 12.0 11.5 11.1 11.3 10.7
Bilateral 108.0 190.6 169.4 169.0 177.8 172.6
Private creditors .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 15.9 16.8 16.8 18.8 37.0 60.5

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0.6 1.2 0.4 2.2 16.8 4.8
Long-term 18.6 10.1 2.9 -0.4 4.6 0.8
Official creditors 18.6 10.1 2.9 -0.4 4.6 0.8
Multilateral 1.1 2.9 2.9 -0.4 4.6 0.8
of which: World Bank 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3
Bilateral 17.4 7.2 .. 0.0 .. 0.0
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 3.0 -2.1 2.4 0.1 0.2 -2.5
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 50.6 32.9 22.7 20.8 47.1 58.6
Portfolio equity 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 690.9 284.3 257.1 331.7 522.3 373.5
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 91.8 72.0 61.3 59.1 61.0 55.4
Debt service to exports (%) 6.3 4.1 4.7 11.7 4.3 3.2
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11.0 2.7 3.8 3.0 4.6 3.7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 20.6 16.7 18.6 18.3 18.2 16.9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 26.6 21.9 17.3 18.7 25.9 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 197.2 374.5 412.4 425.9 477.5 552.8
128
SENEGAL
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,650 14,246 18,982 19,243 23,286 28,931
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 451 283 242 219 689 1,285
of which: SDR allocations 238 220 215 214 223 651
Long-term external debt 4,198 12,291 16,549 17,293 20,976 24,856
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,151 8,357 11,146 12,267 14,025 14,437
Public sector 3,151 8,357 11,146 12,267 14,025 14,437
of which: General government 3,146 8,357 11,146 12,267 14,025 14,437
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,048 3,934 5,403 5,026 6,952 10,418
Short-term external debt 0 1,673 2,191 1,731 1,621 2,791

Disbursements (long-term) 1,045 2,346 4,807 1,650 3,430 5,545

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 355 1,899 3,338 1,650 1,504 2,078
Public sector 355 1,899 3,338 1,650 1,504 2,078
of which: General government 355 1,899 3,338 1,650 1,504 2,078
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 690 447 1,469 .. 1,926 3,467

Principal repayments (long-term) 84 147 307 806 423 1,063

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 84 147 307 429 423 1,063
Public sector 84 147 307 429 423 1,063
of which: General government 83 147 307 429 423 1,063
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. 377 .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 101 387 433 497 1,333 650

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 64 293 293 367 1,153 379
Public sector 64 293 293 367 1,153 379
of which: General government 63 293 293 367 1,153 379
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 37 94 140 131 181 271

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,198 12,291 16,549 17,293 20,976 24,856
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,151 8,357 11,146 12,267 14,025 14,437
Official creditors 2,951 6,132 6,670 7,815 9,360 9,517
Multilateral 1,973 3,625 3,761 4,845 5,932 6,188
of which: World Bank 1,023 1,999 2,070 2,657 3,102 3,257
Bilateral 978 2,507 2,909 2,970 3,428 3,330
Private creditors 200 2,224 4,476 4,452 4,665 4,920
Bondholders 200 2,025 4,151 4,122 4,158 4,235
Commercial banks and others 0 199 325 330 506 685
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,048 3,934 5,403 5,026 6,952 10,418
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,048 3,934 5,403 5,026 6,952 10,418
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 451 283 242 219 689 1,285

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 49 -34 -34 -22 446 184
Long-term 961 2,199 4,500 844 3,007 4,482
Official creditors 272 647 711 1,210 1,045 567
Multilateral 204 315 246 1,127 740 581
of which: World Bank 110 224 123 604 281 302
Bilateral 68 333 465 83 305 -14
Private creditors 689 1,552 3,790 -366 1,962 3,915
Bondholders .. 1,100 2,181 0 -104 226
Banks and others 689 452 1,608 -366 2,066 3,689
Short-term 0 153 518 -460 -110 1,170
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 273 368 439 1,065 1,846 2,232
Portfolio equity 23 13 15 .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 136 289 331 330 459 466
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 29 70 84 84 97 107
Debt service to exports (%) 5 12 15 24 35 28
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 12 12 9 7 10
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 42 25 20 25 25 21
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 15,971 20,410 22,515 22,788 23,901 27,042
129
SERBIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 32,907 30,937 31,054 32,109 38,016 41,144
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,720 634 619 615 641 1,501
of which: SDR allocations 685 634 619 615 641 1,501
Long-term external debt 27,389 29,294 28,802 29,331 35,473 37,649
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 9,477 16,422 15,088 15,341 18,346 20,596
Public sector 9,476 16,308 15,088 15,341 18,346 20,596
of which: General government 7,762 15,140 14,183 14,467 17,464 19,819
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 114 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 17,912 12,872 13,713 13,990 17,127 17,053
Short-term external debt 2,798 1,009 1,633 2,162 1,902 1,993

Disbursements (long-term) 4,594 5,813 4,709 7,846 8,226 8,274

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,365 1,439 1,502 3,125 4,183 5,105
Public sector 1,365 1,439 1,502 3,125 4,183 5,105
of which: General government 1,207 1,294 1,394 2,992 4,086 5,007
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,230 4,374 3,207 4,721 4,043 3,169

Principal repayments (long-term) 3,431 4,086 4,813 6,150 4,411 4,956

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 351 2,195 2,501 2,745 2,219 1,713
Public sector 350 2,162 2,389 2,745 2,219 1,713
of which: General government 221 1,862 2,056 2,594 2,060 1,575
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 1 34 112 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,081 1,891 2,312 3,406 2,193 3,243

Interest payments (long-term) 759 773 734 718 593 694

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 321 576 546 515 479 404
Public sector 321 571 542 515 479 404
of which: General government 233 542 522 502 467 393
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 5 4 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 438 197 188 203 114 289

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 27,389 29,294 28,802 29,331 35,473 37,649
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 9,477 16,422 15,088 15,341 18,346 20,596
Official creditors 8,011 11,708 11,565 11,768 12,021 12,021
Multilateral 4,848 6,246 5,861 5,743 6,044 5,758
of which: World Bank 2,499 2,939 2,799 2,708 2,891 2,655
Bilateral 3,163 5,462 5,704 6,025 5,978 6,263
Private creditors 1,466 4,714 3,523 3,573 6,324 8,575
Bondholders .. 4,500 3,500 3,552 6,303 8,287
Commercial banks and others 1,466 214 23 21 21 289
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 17,912 12,872 13,713 13,990 17,127 17,053
Bondholders 165 .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 17,747 12,872 13,713 13,990 17,127 17,053
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,720 634 619 615 641 1,501

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 458 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 1,163 1,727 -105 1,696 3,814 3,317
Official creditors 867 421 191 335 -367 557
Multilateral 708 206 -117 -9 -210 175
of which: World Bank 188 226 -17 -38 -58 -24
Bilateral 159 215 307 344 -157 381
Private creditors 295 1,306 -295 1,360 4,182 2,761
Bondholders .. -750 -1,000 46 2,333 2,554
Banks and others 295 2,056 705 1,315 1,849 207
Short-term -442 199 724 497 -261 190
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,040 1,657 3,515 3,445 1,879 2,574
Portfolio equity 84 -7 -28 -64 -10 -4

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 250 137 121 120 145 120
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 80 75 65 66 74 68
Debt service to exports (%) 33 22 22 26 19 16
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 9 3 5 7 5 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 20 19 18 16 14
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 39 36 39 42 38 40
Gross national income (GNI) 40,930 41,320 48,056 48,729 51,694 60,659
130
SIERRA LEONE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 931 1,753 1,757 1,856 2,109 2,453
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 266 509 501 503 652 959
of which: SDR allocations 153 142 138 138 143 417
Long-term external debt 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,273 1,313
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,273 1,313
Public sector 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,273 1,313
of which: General government 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,271 1,306
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 4 195 189 187 184 181

Disbursements (long-term) 66 74 61 142 129 95

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 66 74 61 142 129 95
Public sector 66 74 61 142 129 95
of which: General government 66 74 61 142 129 95
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 5 23 29 40 45 48

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5 23 29 40 45 48
Public sector 5 23 29 40 45 48
of which: General government 5 23 29 40 45 48
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 4 13 7 10 6 7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 13 7 10 6 7
Public sector 4 13 7 10 6 7
of which: General government 4 13 7 10 6 7
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,273 1,313
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 661 1,048 1,068 1,166 1,273 1,313
Official creditors 450 855 874 979 1,094 1,145
Multilateral 371 675 687 759 856 893
of which: World Bank 155 276 284 348 432 464
Bilateral 78 180 187 221 238 252
Private creditors 211 193 193 187 179 168
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 211 193 193 187 179 168
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 266 509 501 503 652 959

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 41 38 4 5 124 48
Long-term 62 50 32 102 84 47
Official creditors 62 50 32 108 92 58
Multilateral 56 48 22 74 77 47
of which: World Bank 32 37 16 65 72 43
Bilateral 6 3 10 34 15 12
Private creditors .. .. .. -6 -8 -11
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. -6 -8 -11
Short-term -19 -6 -7 -2 -3 -15
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 225 390 215 301 135 218
Portfolio equity 0 0 0 0 0 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 218 204 179 172 295 ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 36 48 46 46 53 60
Debt service to exports (%) 3 7 6 7 14 ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0 11 11 10 9 7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 40 38 39 41 41 36
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 31 29 29 34 39
Gross national income (GNI) 2,606 3,630 3,798 4,025 3,985 4,058
131
SOLOMON ISLANDS
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 230.8 376.7 323.5 350.5 428.9 483.2
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 24.9 21.0 17.1 15.0 25.3 71.7
of which: SDR allocations 15.3 14.1 13.8 13.7 14.3 41.8
Long-term external debt 201.9 327.8 263.4 299.3 376.8 359.8
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 125.3 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 140.8
Public sector 125.3 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 140.8
of which: General government 125.3 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 140.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 76.6 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 219.0
Short-term external debt 4.0 27.9 43.0 36.2 26.8 51.7

Disbursements (long-term) 36.8 177.0 36.8 18.0 95.3 28.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0.0 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 25.9
Public sector 0.0 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 25.9
of which: General government 0.0 11.1 6.1 7.6 27.4 25.9
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 36.8 165.9 30.7 10.4 67.9 2.8

Principal repayments (long-term) 17.5 17.1 29.5 9.8 5.7 9.1

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8.6 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1
Public sector 8.6 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1
of which: General government 8.6 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 8.9 11.9 24.7 4.7 0.5 4.0

Interest payments (long-term) 3.2 4.0 6.0 3.2 2.6 2.1

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4
Public sector 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4
of which: General government 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1.5 3.0 4.9 2.1 1.5 0.7

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 201.9 327.8 263.4 299.3 376.8 359.8
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 125.3 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 140.8
Official creditors 125.2 96.5 96.0 98.1 124.0 140.8
Multilateral 105.6 86.8 87.5 90.7 117.8 113.8
of which: World Bank 41.7 36.1 36.6 38.5 47.8 46.7
Bilateral 19.6 9.7 8.5 7.4 6.3 27.0
Private creditors 0.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 76.6 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 219.0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 76.6 231.3 167.4 201.3 252.8 219.0
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 24.9 21.0 17.1 15.0 25.3 71.7

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 9.5 -3.8 -3.5 -2.0 9.4 -0.3
Long-term 19.4 159.9 7.3 8.1 89.6 19.6
Official creditors -8.4 6.0 1.3 2.5 22.2 20.7
Multilateral -6.8 7.1 2.4 3.6 23.3 -0.9
of which: World Bank -1.2 0.5 1.4 2.2 7.4 0.1
Bilateral -1.6 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 21.7
Private creditors 27.8 154.0 6.0 5.7 67.4 -1.1
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 27.8 154.0 6.0 5.7 67.4 -1.1
Short-term -1.0 -6.8 15.2 -6.9 -9.4 24.9
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 77.6 31.4 32.4 39.0 -2.7 -9.8
Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 68.9 59.3 44.7 54.7 88.4 103.2
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28.7 25.9 20.8 22.6 27.1 29.2
Debt service to exports (%) 6.2 4.0 5.6 2.6 1.9 2.8
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1.7 7.4 13.3 10.3 6.2 10.7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 45.8 23.1 27.0 25.9 27.5 23.6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 115.2 144.2 181.2 152.7 154.1 141.7
Gross national income (GNI) 802.9 1,454.2 1,554.0 1,553.5 1,581.8 1,657.4
132
SOMALIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,934 2,834 5,558 5,621 4,660 4,836
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 244 225 220 219 444 650
of which: SDR allocations 72 66 65 64 73 290
Long-term external debt 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
Public sector 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
of which: General government 1,854 1,764 2,055 2,053 2,631 2,960
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 811 821 3,259 3,325 1,578 1,220

Disbursements (long-term) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
Public sector 0 0 0 0 0 0
of which: General government 0 0 0 0 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 350 15

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 350 15
Public sector 0 0 0 0 350 15
of which: General government 0 0 0 0 333 15
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 0 0 0 0 131 1

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 0 0 0 0 131 1
Public sector 0 0 0 0 131 1
of which: General government 0 0 0 0 111 1
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
Official creditors 1,879 1,787 2,080 2,077 2,638 2,966
Multilateral 773 725 716 714 373 366
of which: World Bank 443 420 413 411 138 122
Bilateral 1,106 1,062 1,363 1,363 2,264 2,600
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 244 225 220 219 444 650

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 203 0
Long-term 0 0 0 0 -350 -15
Official creditors 0 0 0 0 -350 -15
Multilateral 0 0 0 0 -350 -15
of which: World Bank 0 0 0 .. -278 -13
Bilateral 0 0 0 0 .. ..
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 112 369 408 447 464 456
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 286 478 478 .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 51 96 87 67 67
Debt service to exports (%) .. 0 0 0 .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 29 59 59 34 25
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 26 13 13 8 8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) .. 5,576 5,817 6,441 6,929 7,252
133
SOUTH AFRICA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 115,304 175,007 180,180 190,735 175,411 170,015
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,750 2,543 2,483 2,469 6,966 10,862
of which: SDR allocations 2,750 2,543 2,483 2,469 2,571 6,592
Long-term external debt 80,481 131,579 129,829 143,770 131,368 122,861
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36,311 90,625 88,663 102,051 99,430 95,176
Public sector 36,311 90,625 88,663 102,051 99,430 95,176
of which: General government 32,582 73,662 65,287 77,834 75,078 73,944
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 44,170 40,954 41,166 41,719 31,939 27,686
Short-term external debt 32,073 40,886 47,868 44,496 37,077 36,292

Disbursements (long-term) 12,112 29,598 18,267 21,650 12,830 11,683

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8,889 17,051 12,237 14,551 3,809 3,198
Public sector 8,889 17,051 12,237 14,551 3,809 3,198
of which: General government 8,052 13,115 4,055 11,336 1,303 1,467
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,224 12,548 6,029 7,098 9,020 8,485

Principal repayments (long-term) 3,473 8,635 21,653 13,796 20,613 19,847

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,680 2,267 11,392 3,392 6,450 7,014
Public sector 1,680 2,267 11,392 3,392 6,450 7,014
of which: General government 186 1,610 10,265 931 4,206 2,461
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,792 6,367 10,261 10,403 14,163 12,833

Interest payments (long-term) 2,177 5,263 6,241 6,563 6,241 5,856

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,558 3,265 4,308 4,281 4,661 4,270
Public sector 1,558 3,265 4,308 4,281 4,661 4,270
of which: General government 1,402 2,463 3,411 2,903 3,482 3,323
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 618 1,998 1,933 2,282 1,579 1,587

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 80,481 131,579 129,829 143,770 131,368 122,861
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 36,311 90,625 88,663 102,051 99,430 95,176
Official creditors 1,219 7,140 6,793 7,706 9,258 10,355
Multilateral 1,139 5,552 4,866 4,870 5,859 6,646
of which: World Bank 384 2,686 2,277 2,239 2,082 1,853
Bilateral 80 1,588 1,927 2,836 3,398 3,709
Private creditors 35,092 83,485 81,870 94,345 90,172 84,820
Bondholders 30,676 75,193 69,411 83,262 79,686 76,223
Commercial banks and others 4,416 8,292 12,458 11,084 10,486 8,597
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 44,170 40,954 41,166 41,719 31,939 27,686
Bondholders 8,786 3,768 4,521 4,737 2,700 3,450
Commercial banks and others 35,384 37,186 36,645 36,982 29,239 24,236
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 2,750 2,543 2,483 2,469 6,966 10,862

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 4,251 0
Long-term 8,640 20,964 -3,387 7,854 -7,784 -8,164
Official creditors 874 1,978 347 843 1,606 1,422
Multilateral 873 927 -71 -53 1,019 1,080
of which: World Bank 363 230 -46 -90 -42 -76
Bilateral 1 1,051 419 897 587 342
Private creditors 7,766 18,985 -3,734 7,011 -9,390 -9,586
Bondholders 6,496 11,044 -2,923 11,905 -5,685 -2,600
Banks and others 1,270 7,942 -812 -4,894 -3,704 -6,986
Short-term 2,889 3,686 6,982 -3,372 -7,419 -785
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment -4,194 -266 1,378 1,792 3,129 41,282
Portfolio equity 5,826 7,588 2,946 -4,289 -5,160 -27,434

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 102 159 151 167 172 120
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 47 46 50 53 41
Debt service to exports (%) 6 13 24 19 27 19
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28 23 27 23 21 21
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 1 3 3 3 3 4
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 33 26 26 26 27 30
Gross national income (GNI) 409,234 370,873 393,553 378,251 329,819 411,932
134
SRI LANKA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 21,684 50,766 52,920 56,118 56,299 56,592
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,920 1,329 1,545 1,864 1,927 2,593
of which: SDR allocations 609 563 550 547 570 1,330
Long-term external debt 17,349 41,426 43,194 45,812 45,977 45,377
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 16,430 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,168 36,520
Public sector 16,430 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,168 36,520
of which: General government 16,342 30,847 33,786 36,655 36,806 36,164
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 919 8,802 8,839 8,826 8,809 8,857
Short-term external debt 2,416 8,011 8,181 8,442 8,396 8,622

Disbursements (long-term) 3,091 5,338 7,256 7,071 2,992 2,978

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,994 4,357 5,097 6,235 2,456 2,695
Public sector 2,994 4,357 5,097 6,235 2,456 2,695
of which: General government 2,994 4,247 5,016 6,184 2,394 2,652
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 97 981 2,158 836 536 283

Principal repayments (long-term) 727 2,713 5,523 4,431 3,498 3,035

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 582 2,486 3,190 3,582 2,861 2,799
Public sector 582 2,486 3,190 3,582 2,861 2,799
of which: General government 574 1,477 1,902 3,294 2,823 2,757
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 145 227 2,333 849 636 235

Interest payments (long-term) 616 1,030 1,546 1,542 1,590 1,512

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 596 970 1,247 1,384 1,492 1,327
Public sector 596 970 1,247 1,384 1,492 1,327
of which: General government 595 852 1,153 1,365 1,489 1,323
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 20 59 300 159 97 185

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 17,349 41,426 43,194 45,812 45,977 45,377
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 16,430 32,624 34,355 36,986 37,168 36,520
Official creditors 13,400 18,817 18,952 19,396 20,342 20,173
Multilateral 6,089 7,853 8,060 8,254 9,135 9,750
of which: World Bank 2,531 3,244 3,210 3,226 3,492 3,740
Bilateral 7,311 10,964 10,892 11,142 11,207 10,423
Private creditors 3,029 13,807 15,403 17,590 16,826 16,347
Bondholders 2,000 11,150 12,400 15,050 14,050 13,050
Commercial banks and others 1,029 2,657 3,003 2,540 2,776 3,297
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 919 8,802 8,839 8,826 8,809 8,857
Bondholders 0 362 262 175 0 ..
Commercial banks and others 919 8,440 8,577 8,651 8,809 8,857
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,920 1,329 1,545 1,864 1,927 2,593

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 597 174 252 327 -14 -57
Long-term 2,364 2,625 1,733 2,640 -506 -56
Official creditors 1,314 644 289 457 425 316
Multilateral 299 340 343 228 662 772
of which: World Bank 83 118 34 33 153 330
Bilateral 1,015 304 -54 229 -237 -456
Private creditors 1,049 1,980 1,444 2,183 -931 -372
Bondholders 1,000 1,000 1,150 2,563 -1,175 -1,000
Banks and others 49 980 294 -380 244 628
Short-term -1,138 490 166 251 -55 222
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 240 532 463 370 211 317
Portfolio equity -1,049 359 -4 -4 -217 -236

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 190 264 258 285 424 375
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 39 60 62 69 72 69
Debt service to exports (%) 12 22 36 32 39 31
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 16 15 15 15 15
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 15 15 15 16 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 31 14 12 12 9 5
Gross national income (GNI) 56,109 85,114 85,565 81,433 78,690 82,474
135
ST. LUCIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 584.8 621.9 615.5 638.9 733.8 887.6
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 33.0 28.5 24.8 21.7 52.4 79.0
of which: SDR allocations 22.4 20.7 20.3 20.1 21.0 49.1
Long-term external debt 326.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 716.5
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 326.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 716.5
Public sector 308.8 486.8 498.1 542.1 603.6 716.5
of which: General government 296.4 475.8 487.5 525.4 580.2 674.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 17.7 2.8 1.4 0.1 0.0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 225.3 103.8 91.1 75.0 77.9 92.1

Disbursements (long-term) 36.4 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 143.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 36.4 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 143.0
Public sector 32.7 16.6 10.8 48.2 94.3 143.0
of which: General government 32.7 12.7 9.8 40.9 86.1 123.0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 30.5 19.0 19.1 19.8 17.7 18.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 30.5 19.0 19.1 19.8 17.7 18.7
Public sector 28.0 17.6 17.8 18.5 17.5 18.7
of which: General government 25.4 16.3 16.5 17.2 16.1 17.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.1 ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 10.8 23.4 24.9 26.1 24.7 25.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.8 23.4 24.9 26.1 24.7 25.0
Public sector 10.2 23.2 24.8 26.1 24.7 25.0
of which: General government 9.7 22.8 24.4 25.7 24.2 24.0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 326.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 716.5
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 326.4 489.6 499.5 542.2 603.6 716.5
Official creditors 263.2 253.0 242.6 270.7 351.2 473.0
Multilateral 242.5 218.2 211.3 222.7 277.9 335.9
of which: World Bank 80.3 85.6 85.6 86.6 108.3 150.2
Bilateral 20.7 34.7 31.3 48.0 73.4 137.1
Private creditors 63.2 236.6 256.9 271.5 252.4 243.6
Bondholders 63.2 236.6 256.9 271.5 252.4 243.6
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 33.0 28.5 24.8 21.7 52.4 79.0

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 28.7 -0.5
Long-term 6.0 -2.4 -8.3 28.4 76.6 124.3
Official creditors 17.9 -1.8 -8.1 28.6 76.8 124.5
Multilateral 20.2 1.2 -4.9 11.9 51.5 60.7
of which: World Bank 11.8 1.7 2.0 1.4 18.1 44.6
Bilateral -2.3 -3.0 -3.2 16.7 25.2 63.8
Private creditors -11.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Bondholders -11.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 138.0 22.3 -12.7 -16.1 2.9 14.2
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 67.9 74.8 76.1 59.5 38.1 50.0
Portfolio equity .. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.7

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 93.3 58.1 52.7 50.6 152.9 95.7
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40.4 32.9 31.5 32.2 46.3 51.2
Debt service to exports (%) 7.1 4.5 4.3 4.1 9.3 4.9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 38.5 16.7 14.8 11.7 10.6 10.4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 41.5 35.1 34.3 34.9 37.9 37.8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 35.3 51.7 46.4 40.8 31.5 48.8
Gross national income (GNI) 1,447.2 1,890.0 1,952.7 1,984.6 1,584.3 1,734.5
136
ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 295.9 335.4 323.3 351.7 414.0 526.1
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 17.9 21.9 18.0 15.4 31.3 56.3
of which: SDR allocations 12.2 11.3 11.0 10.9 11.4 26.8
Long-term external debt 278.0 313.2 305.4 336.3 382.8 469.8
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 278.0 313.2 305.4 336.3 382.8 469.8
Public sector 278.0 313.2 305.4 336.3 382.8 469.8
of which: General government 260.7 306.6 299.0 330.8 377.0 464.3
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Disbursements (long-term) 78.1 31.0 23.3 59.0 68.2 112.1

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 78.1 31.0 23.3 59.0 68.2 112.1
Public sector 78.1 31.0 23.3 59.0 68.2 112.1
of which: General government 78.1 29.7 20.9 57.5 67.7 111.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 26.2 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 23.3

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 26.2 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 23.3
Public sector 26.2 26.3 30.3 27.9 24.4 23.3
of which: General government 24.3 24.4 27.8 25.5 24.0 22.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 10.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 6.6

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 10.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 6.6
Public sector 10.0 6.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 6.6
of which: General government 9.0 6.0 6.7 8.0 7.1 6.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 278.0 313.2 305.4 336.3 382.8 469.8
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 278.0 313.2 305.4 336.3 382.8 469.8
Official creditors 229.2 298.9 294.9 328.4 378.8 465.9
Multilateral 211.0 250.5 241.1 271.2 321.1 408.2
of which: World Bank 26.5 32.7 31.8 69.1 117.1 202.0
Bilateral 18.2 48.5 53.8 57.2 57.6 57.7
Private creditors 48.7 14.3 10.5 7.9 4.0 3.9
Bondholders .. 10.4 9.1 7.9 4.0 2.7
Commercial banks and others 48.7 3.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.2
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 17.9 21.9 18.0 15.4 31.3 56.3

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. -2.3 -3.5 -2.5 14.8 10.4
Long-term 51.9 4.6 -7.0 31.1 43.8 88.8
Official creditors 63.0 -2.3 -3.2 33.7 47.8 88.9
Multilateral 66.7 -10.0 -8.5 30.3 47.3 88.9
of which: World Bank 3.1 -0.5 -0.2 37.5 45.5 86.5
Bilateral -3.7 7.7 5.3 3.4 0.5 0.0
Private creditors -11.1 7.0 -3.8 -2.6 -3.9 0.0
Bondholders .. 10.4 -1.2 -1.2 -3.9 -1.2
Banks and others -11.1 -3.4 -2.6 -1.3 .. 1.2
Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 63.1 152.3 51.8 72.3 28.0 62.4
Portfolio equity .. -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 -0.2 -0.2

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 151.1 111.9 98.6 104.8 213.0 400.3
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 41.8 39.7 36.6 39.0 47.7 59.5
Debt service to exports (%) 18.5 11.7 12.5 11.5 17.1 23.7
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 71.3 74.7 74.6 77.1 77.6 77.6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 38.1 54.3 52.4 55.0 49.6 59.3
Gross national income (GNI) 708.2 844.1 883.8 902.7 867.5 885.0
137
SUDAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 22,593 21,909 21,738 22,476 23,445 22,165
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 664 555 542 528 548 2,505
of which: SDR allocations 274 253 248 246 256 1,117
Long-term external debt 14,638 15,926 15,700 16,432 16,708 15,305
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,638 15,926 15,700 16,432 16,708 15,305
Public sector 14,638 15,926 15,700 16,432 16,708 15,305
of which: General government 14,604 15,906 15,679 16,412 16,688 15,303
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 7,292 5,427 5,497 5,516 6,189 4,355

Disbursements (long-term) 935 89 62 853 0 0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 935 89 62 853 0 0
Public sector 935 89 62 853 0 0
of which: General government 935 89 62 853 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 400 139 159 139 114 1,174

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 400 139 159 139 114 1,174
Public sector 400 139 159 139 114 1,174
of which: General government 400 139 159 139 114 1,155
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 84 86 50 39 30 447

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 84 86 50 39 30 447
Public sector 84 86 50 39 30 447
of which: General government 84 86 50 39 30 443
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 14,638 15,926 15,700 16,432 16,708 15,305
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 14,638 15,926 15,700 16,432 16,708 15,305
Official creditors 11,992 11,310 11,103 11,802 11,882 10,554
Multilateral 3,378 3,455 3,411 3,672 3,731 2,580
of which: World Bank 1,290 1,225 1,206 1,201 1,234 346
Bilateral 8,614 7,855 7,693 8,130 8,151 7,974
Private creditors 2,645 4,616 4,596 4,630 4,826 4,751
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,645 4,616 4,596 4,630 4,826 4,751
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 664 555 542 528 548 2,505

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -6 -7 .. -11 -3 1,125
Long-term 535 -50 -96 714 -114 -1,174
Official creditors 535 -50 -96 714 -114 -1,174
Multilateral 63 2 1 268 -21 -1,100
of which: World Bank 0 0 0 .. 0 -873
Bilateral 472 -52 -98 445 -93 -74
Private creditors .. 0 0 0 0 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. 0 0 0 0 0
Short-term 251 60 51 -78 63 -15
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 2,064 1,065 1,136 825 717 523
Portfolio equity 7 .. 0 0 3 3

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 192 372 424 432 457 368
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 33 18 71 74 92 68
Debt service to exports (%) 4 4 4 4 3 50
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 32 25 25 25 26 20
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 16 16 16 16 12
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 5 1 .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 68,911 124,529 30,441 30,335 25,514 32,561
138
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 5,277 4,604 4,584 4,590 4,763 5,029
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 430 398 388 386 402 785
of which: SDR allocations 430 398 388 386 402 785
Long-term external debt 4,284 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 3,632
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,284 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 3,632
Public sector 4,284 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 3,632
of which: General government 3,708 3,144 3,150 3,142 3,240 3,134
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 562 553 548 569 610 612

Disbursements (long-term) 286 0 60 0 0 0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 286 0 60 0 0 0
Public sector 286 0 60 0 0 0
of which: General government 263 0 60 0 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 509 0 19 1 0 0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 509 0 19 1 0 0
Public sector 509 0 19 1 0 0
of which: General government 451 0 17 .. 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 111 0 1 0 0 0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 111 0 1 0 0 0
Public sector 111 0 1 0 0 0
of which: General government 94 0 1 .. 0 0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,284 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 3,632
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 4,284 3,654 3,647 3,635 3,751 3,632
Official creditors 4,261 3,635 3,630 3,619 3,734 3,616
Multilateral 1,698 1,512 1,472 1,459 1,529 1,467
of which: World Bank 15 14 14 14 14 14
Bilateral 2,563 2,123 2,158 2,160 2,205 2,149
Private creditors 23 19 17 16 17 16
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 23 19 17 16 17 16
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 430 398 388 386 402 785

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term -222 0 41 -1 0 0
Official creditors -220 0 43 0 0 0
Multilateral 87 0 1 0 0 0
of which: World Bank -1 0 0 .. 0 0
Bilateral -307 0 41 0 0 0
Private creditors -2 0 -2 -1 0 0
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -2 0 -2 -1 0 0
Short-term -209 0 1 -1 2 -2
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,469 .. .. .. .. ..
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 26 .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 2 29 22 .. .. ..
Debt service to exports (%) 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 11 12 12 12 13 12
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 32 33 32 32 32 29
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 369 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 236,137 15,747 20,655 .. .. ..
139
TAJIKISTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 3,561 5,868 6,090 6,637 6,953 7,046
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 227 204 170 144 330 545
of which: SDR allocations 126 117 114 114 118 348
Long-term external debt 2,733 4,672 5,037 5,129 5,501 5,612
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,806 2,825 2,848 2,831 3,114 3,186
Public sector 1,806 2,825 2,848 2,831 3,114 3,186
of which: General government 1,793 2,821 2,842 2,825 3,106 3,176
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 927 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,387 2,427
Short-term external debt 601 991 882 1,364 1,122 889

Disbursements (long-term) 924 975 540 455 530 530

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 251 708 184 123 322 259
Public sector 251 708 184 123 322 259
of which: General government 251 708 182 122 318 257
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 673 267 356 332 209 271

Principal repayments (long-term) 631 595 402 383 726 395

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 37 112 128 129 106 164
Public sector 37 112 128 129 106 164
of which: General government 35 112 127 129 105 163
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 593 482 274 254 620 230

Interest payments (long-term) 54 60 121 109 152 115

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 23 38 72 75 61 78
Public sector 23 38 72 75 61 78
of which: General government 23 37 72 75 61 78
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 31 22 49 33 91 37

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,733 4,672 5,037 5,129 5,501 5,612
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,806 2,825 2,848 2,831 3,114 3,186
Official creditors 1,800 2,301 2,325 2,309 2,589 2,663
Multilateral 943 969 1,015 1,039 1,260 1,395
of which: World Bank 377 326 333 342 356 358
Bilateral 856 1,332 1,309 1,269 1,329 1,268
Private creditors 6 524 523 522 525 523
Bondholders .. 500 500 500 500 500
Commercial banks and others 6 24 23 22 25 23
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 927 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,387 2,427
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 927 1,847 2,190 2,298 2,387 2,427
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 227 204 170 144 330 545

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 60 -25 -30 -25 174 -9
Long-term 294 380 138 72 -196 135
Official creditors 215 96 56 -6 216 95
Multilateral 131 46 65 28 185 162
of which: World Bank 11 3 15 10 0 12
Bilateral 83 49 -9 -35 30 -66
Private creditors 79 284 82 79 -412 40
Bondholders .. 500 .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 79 -216 82 79 -412 40
Short-term 527 177 -109 482 -242 -233
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 82 68 142 104 23 123
Portfolio equity 7 0 0 -73 0 0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 158 217 229 230 236 167
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 68 68 69 73 67
Debt service to exports (%) 31 25 21 18 30 12
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 17 17 14 21 16 13
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 26 17 17 16 18 20
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 9 11 6 8 20 34
Gross national income (GNI) 6,970 8,637 8,991 9,631 9,516 10,567
140
TANZANIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 8,937 21,430 22,362 24,173 25,545 28,490
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 647 459 364 301 274 1,357
of which: SDR allocations 293 271 265 263 274 800
Long-term external debt 6,922 18,353 19,416 21,080 22,118 23,568
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,698 14,562 15,310 16,852 17,627 18,917
Public sector 5,698 14,562 15,310 16,852 17,627 18,917
of which: General government 5,631 14,528 15,277 16,820 17,592 18,884
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,224 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 4,651
Short-term external debt 1,368 2,618 2,582 2,792 3,153 3,565

Disbursements (long-term) 1,347 2,053 1,783 2,502 1,448 3,027

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,131 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 2,843
Public sector 1,131 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 2,843
of which: General government 1,131 1,659 1,601 2,360 1,169 2,843
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 216 393 183 143 279 184

Principal repayments (long-term) 132 475 640 784 866 1,243

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 52 452 620 764 851 1,219
Public sector 52 452 620 764 851 1,219
of which: General government 52 452 620 764 851 1,219
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 79 23 20 20 15 25

Interest payments (long-term) 51 254 309 381 350 329

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 33 250 301 375 348 325
Public sector 33 250 301 375 348 325
of which: General government 33 250 301 375 348 325
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 17 4 8 6 2 4

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 6,922 18,353 19,416 21,080 22,118 23,568
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,698 14,562 15,310 16,852 17,627 18,917
Official creditors 5,563 13,059 13,644 14,284 15,301 15,470
Multilateral 4,412 8,866 9,385 10,088 11,176 11,449
of which: World Bank 3,248 6,467 6,815 7,341 8,148 8,290
Bilateral 1,152 4,193 4,259 4,196 4,125 4,022
Private creditors 135 1,503 1,667 2,569 2,325 3,446
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 135 1,503 1,667 2,569 2,325 3,446
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 1,224 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 4,651
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1,224 3,791 4,105 4,228 4,491 4,651
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 647 459 364 301 274 1,357

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 30 -84 -85 -61 -37 567
Long-term 1,216 1,578 1,143 1,718 582 1,784
Official creditors 1,071 1,032 803 690 588 482
Multilateral 856 738 711 748 737 553
of which: World Bank 691 519 517 568 488 396
Bilateral 215 294 92 -58 -149 -71
Private creditors 145 546 340 1,029 -6 1,302
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 145 546 340 1,029 -6 1,302
Short-term -53 -19 -236 16 -7 157
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,038 856 478 1,096 452 1,033
Portfolio equity 3 4 1 6 6 -8

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 137 253 264 245 295 285
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 28 41 40 39 41 42
Debt service to exports (%) 3 10 12 13 15 20
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 12 12 12 12 13
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 49 41 42 42 44 40
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 44 27 23 .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 31,437 52,107 56,211 61,908 62,347 67,562
141
THAILAND
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 106,358 161,647 172,494 179,773 200,015 210,982
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,494 1,382 1,349 1,342 1,397 5,667
of which: SDR allocations 1,494 1,382 1,349 1,342 1,397 5,667
Long-term external debt 54,207 91,528 107,740 118,649 123,803 131,101
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 15,929 29,521 35,878 39,207 35,408 36,136
Public sector 15,929 29,521 35,878 39,207 35,408 36,136
of which: General government 10,456 26,794 33,065 36,703 32,615 32,813
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 38,278 62,007 71,862 79,442 88,395 94,965
Short-term external debt 50,657 68,738 63,405 59,782 74,814 74,214

Disbursements (long-term) 16,838 21,092 40,537 28,259 24,053 24,300

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,240 6,600 7,189 4,211 542 2,430
Public sector 5,240 6,600 7,189 4,211 542 2,430
of which: General government 4,748 6,327 6,888 3,875 192 1,680
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 11,597 14,492 33,348 24,049 23,512 21,870

Principal repayments (long-term) 9,386 13,452 16,891 24,927 18,734 16,653

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 803 396 913 941 4,511 1,397
Public sector 803 396 913 941 4,511 1,397
of which: General government 199 208 659 266 4,387 1,282
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 8,582 13,056 15,979 23,986 14,223 15,257

Interest payments (long-term) 1,076 818 1,162 1,605 1,568 768

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 199 389 695 1,024 997 86
Public sector 199 389 695 1,024 997 86
of which: General government 81 340 642 954 943 25
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 877 429 467 581 571 682

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 54,207 91,528 107,740 118,649 123,803 131,101
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 15,929 29,521 35,878 39,207 35,408 36,136
Official creditors 6,881 5,592 5,094 4,445 4,428 5,359
Multilateral 187 1,261 1,313 1,191 1,068 2,440
of which: World Bank 128 1,025 1,018 927 837 750
Bilateral 6,693 4,331 3,781 3,254 3,359 2,918
Private creditors 9,048 23,929 30,783 34,762 30,980 30,777
Bondholders 8,004 23,929 30,783 34,762 30,980 30,777
Commercial banks and others 1,045 0 0 .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 38,278 62,007 71,862 79,442 88,395 94,965
Bondholders 4,265 10,043 12,723 13,193 15,840 17,747
Commercial banks and others 34,012 51,964 59,139 66,249 72,555 77,218
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,494 1,382 1,349 1,342 1,397 5,667

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 7,452 7,640 23,646 3,333 5,319 7,646
Official creditors -375 -39 -579 -709 -187 1,236
Multilateral -21 -43 52 -122 -122 1,372
of which: World Bank -5 -7 -7 -90 -90 -87
Bilateral -353 4 -630 -587 -65 -136
Private creditors 7,827 7,679 24,224 4,042 5,506 6,410
Bondholders 4,470 7,099 9,538 4,449 -1,182 1,747
Banks and others 3,356 580 14,686 -407 6,688 4,663
Short-term 17,379 14,276 -5,333 -3,623 15,032 -600
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 15,305 9,059 13,453 5,323 -5,056 10,412
Portfolio equity 2,398 598 -7,101 56 -8,019 -1,892

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 46 52 51 54 74 68
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 33 37 36 34 41 43
Debt service to exports (%) 5 5 6 8 8 6
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 48 43 37 33 37 35
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0 1 1 1 1 1
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 158 121 116 121 124 110
Gross national income (GNI) 326,815 435,913 482,208 523,870 488,208 488,180
142
TIMOR-LESTE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks .. 124.5 158.1 203.4 231.8 278.6
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations .. 11.0 10.7 10.7 11.1 45.2
of which: SDR allocations .. 11.0 10.7 10.7 11.1 45.2
Long-term external debt .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Public sector .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
of which: General government .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt .. 3.0 2.6 1.5 0.4 1.1

Disbursements (long-term) .. 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 22.6

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 22.6
Public sector .. 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 22.6
of which: General government .. 35.7 40.0 49.7 30.1 22.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) .. 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 6.4

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 6.4
Public sector .. 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 6.4
of which: General government .. 0.3 0.7 3.3 3.9 6.4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) .. 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 3.2

Public and publicly guaranteed sector .. 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 3.2
Public sector .. 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 3.2
of which: General government .. 1.5 2.5 3.8 4.1 3.2
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Official creditors .. 110.5 144.7 191.2 220.2 232.4
Multilateral .. 101.4 131.5 166.3 189.4 200.6
of which: World Bank .. 27.0 33.5 43.2 47.6 50.7
Bilateral .. 9.1 13.2 24.9 30.9 31.8
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations .. 11.0 10.7 10.7 11.1 45.2

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term .. 35.5 39.3 46.4 26.2 16.3
Official creditors .. 35.5 39.3 46.4 26.2 16.3
Multilateral .. 28.7 35.4 34.9 21.7 12.3
of which: World Bank .. 11.4 7.5 9.7 4.1 3.4
Bilateral .. 6.7 3.9 11.5 4.5 3.9
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 0.0 3.0 -0.4 -1.1 -1.1 0.6
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 28.5 6.7 47.9 74.6 72.4 66.0
Portfolio equity 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. 14.2 15.7 15.5 31.1 58.0
External debt stocks to GNI (%) .. 5.4 7.0 7.4 9.7 11.7
Debt service to exports (%) .. 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.1 2.0
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 2.4 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.4
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 81.4 83.2 81.8 81.7 72.0
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 437.2 426.4 322.6 283.2 335.5
Gross national income (GNI) 3,325.1 2,288.4 2,263.7 2,731.0 2,382.6 2,378.4
143
TOGO
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,279 1,651 1,725 2,013 2,535 3,467
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 241 226 266 319 459 642
of which: SDR allocations 108 100 98 97 101 295
Long-term external debt 999 1,157 1,181 1,370 1,755 2,415
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 999 1,157 1,181 1,370 1,755 1,765
Public sector 999 1,157 1,181 1,370 1,755 1,765
of which: General government 990 1,153 1,177 1,367 1,752 1,762
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 650
Short-term external debt 39 268 278 324 320 410

Disbursements (long-term) 91 156 115 264 339 790

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 91 156 115 264 339 140
Public sector 91 156 115 264 339 140
of which: General government 91 156 115 264 339 140
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 650

Principal repayments (long-term) 28 52 57 62 54 69

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 28 52 57 62 54 69
Public sector 28 52 57 62 54 69
of which: General government 28 51 57 62 54 69
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 8 23 27 26 32 89

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 8 23 27 26 32 37
Public sector 8 23 27 26 32 37
of which: General government 8 23 27 26 32 37
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. 52

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 999 1,157 1,181 1,370 1,755 2,415
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 999 1,157 1,181 1,370 1,755 1,765
Official creditors 999 1,146 1,177 1,254 1,446 1,479
Multilateral 852 532 557 649 811 803
of which: World Bank 554 50 66 165 265 288
Bilateral 147 614 620 604 635 677
Private creditors .. 11 4 116 309 286
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 11 4 116 309 286
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. 650
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 650
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 241 226 266 319 459 642

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 44 43 46 54 123 -1
Long-term 63 104 58 202 285 721
Official creditors 63 115 66 89 116 70
Multilateral 26 65 44 100 111 40
of which: World Bank -22 9 17 100 83 42
Bilateral 37 49 21 -10 5 30
Private creditors .. -10 -7 112 169 651
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. 650
Banks and others .. -10 -7 112 169 1
Short-term 12 210 10 46 -4 90
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 78 -87 -88 371 112 130
Portfolio equity 5 -89 -184 -180 -174 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 92 89 88 105 126 177
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 38 26 24 28 33 41
Debt service to exports (%) 3 6 6 6 5 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 16 16 16 13 12
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 67 32 32 32 32 23
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 56 .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 3,406 6,400 7,132 7,243 7,591 8,436
144
TONGA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 153.7 193.1 187.0 186.6 194.6 223.6
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10.1 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 37.4
of which: SDR allocations 10.1 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 27.7
Long-term external debt 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Public sector 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
of which: General government 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Disbursements (long-term) 40.9 10.1 7.5 4.9 1.3 1.0

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40.9 10.1 7.5 4.9 1.3 1.0
Public sector 40.9 10.1 7.5 4.9 1.3 1.0
of which: General government 40.9 10.1 7.5 4.9 1.3 1.0
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 2.7 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 2.7

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.7 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 2.7
Public sector 2.7 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 2.7
of which: General government 2.7 2.8 6.2 2.7 4.7 2.7
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 2.4 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 0.8

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2.4 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 0.8
Public sector 2.4 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 0.8
of which: General government 2.4 2.7 4.1 2.7 1.3 0.8
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 143.5 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Official creditors 142.4 183.7 177.8 177.5 185.1 186.2
Multilateral 70.8 71.4 74.2 75.9 77.5 73.7
of which: World Bank 23.6 37.2 39.1 42.9 45.0 43.6
Bilateral 71.7 112.3 103.6 101.6 107.6 112.6
Private creditors 1.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 1.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 10.1 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 37.4

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. 9.8
Long-term 38.2 7.3 1.4 2.2 -3.4 -1.7
Official creditors 38.1 7.3 1.4 2.2 -3.4 -1.7
Multilateral -1.0 7.3 4.5 2.2 -1.4 -1.7
of which: World Bank 0.8 6.2 2.8 4.1 0.3 -0.1
Bilateral 39.1 .. -3.2 .. -2.0 ..
Private creditors 0.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 0.1 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 4.5 -2.6 19.1 2.0 3.5 0.2
Portfolio equity .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 283.9 138.3 120.1 111.2 127.6 230.2
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 40.6 40.3 36.0 33.7 36.7 ..
Debt service to exports (%) 9.3 4.0 6.6 3.3 3.9 3.6
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 46.1 37.0 39.7 40.7 39.8 33.0
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 68.0 102.8 115.1 117.0 153.6 161.8
Gross national income (GNI) 378.8 478.6 518.9 553.7 530.2 ..
145
TUNISIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 22,666 33,501 35,033 39,381 41,047 41,608
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 420 2,105 2,280 2,132 2,824 3,396
of which: SDR allocations 420 388 379 377 393 1,113
Long-term external debt 17,267 23,937 24,659 25,818 27,591 24,723
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,865 22,296 22,577 23,750 25,703 23,064
Public sector 14,596 21,997 22,332 23,547 25,515 22,962
of which: General government 11,367 15,418 15,890 16,855 18,593 17,021
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 269 299 245 203 188 102
Private sector not guaranteed 2,402 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 1,658
Short-term external debt 4,979 7,458 8,093 11,431 10,632 13,489

Disbursements (long-term) 1,671 4,413 2,617 3,743 2,436 1,791

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,574 3,899 2,375 3,321 2,305 1,744
Public sector 1,504 3,851 2,375 3,321 2,305 1,742
of which: General government 867 1,128 1,736 2,251 1,856 1,335
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 70 47 .. .. 1 2
Private sector not guaranteed 97 514 242 422 130 47

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,631 2,046 1,718 1,931 2,160 3,405

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,411 1,778 1,399 1,931 1,814 2,904
Public sector 1,387 1,726 1,358 1,894 1,781 2,827
of which: General government 1,107 1,278 795 1,153 1,118 1,859
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 24 52 42 37 32 77
Private sector not guaranteed 220 268 319 .. 346 501

Interest payments (long-term) 672 514 603 666 659 622

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 548 456 550 573 583 557
Public sector 539 451 545 569 581 555
of which: General government 435 334 353 393 420 407
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 9 5 4 4 3 2
Private sector not guaranteed 124 58 53 94 76 65

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 17,267 23,937 24,659 25,818 27,591 24,723
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 14,865 22,296 22,577 23,750 25,703 23,064
Official creditors 10,389 14,754 14,606 15,824 18,199 17,278
Multilateral 6,985 11,014 10,996 11,291 12,774 11,736
of which: World Bank 1,399 3,275 3,515 3,489 4,196 4,063
Bilateral 3,404 3,740 3,610 4,533 5,425 5,541
Private creditors 4,476 7,542 7,971 7,926 7,504 5,787
Bondholders 3,819 6,705 7,239 7,278 6,877 5,275
Commercial banks and others 657 837 732 648 626 512
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 2,402 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 1,658
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 2,402 1,641 2,082 2,067 1,888 1,658
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 420 2,105 2,280 2,132 2,824 3,396

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 0 228 -135 583 -81
Long-term 40 2,367 899 1,811 276 -1,614
Official creditors 634 845 464 1,415 1,269 158
Multilateral 566 810 504 466 649 -271
of which: World Bank 74 581 486 31 410 159
Bilateral 68 35 -40 949 620 429
Private creditors -594 1,521 435 396 -993 -1,771
Bondholders .. 1,260 591 49 -707 -1,250
Banks and others -594 262 -156 347 -287 -521
Short-term 144 764 635 3,338 -799 2,857
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,339 815 998 817 600 540
Portfolio equity -26 -64 -41 13 -31 -33

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 100 186 176 200 247 204
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 51 82 84 97 100 91
Debt service to exports (%) 11 17 15 16 20 21
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 22 23 29 26 32
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 31 33 31 29 31 28
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 42 17 15 19 23 20
Gross national income (GNI) 44,139 40,934 41,552 40,513 41,022 45,528
146
TÜRKIYE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 300,869 457,282 447,923 444,540 441,150 435,451
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 7,277 1,526 1,490 1,481 1,543 7,749
of which: SDR allocations 1,650 1,526 1,490 1,481 1,543 7,749
Long-term external debt 216,361 335,893 329,939 319,957 301,169 306,532
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 93,281 118,562 123,161 128,690 137,653 140,645
Public sector 92,987 118,216 122,875 128,446 137,442 140,482
of which: General government 76,686 92,236 93,203 99,590 106,563 108,382
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 293 346 286 244 210 163
Private sector not guaranteed 123,080 217,331 206,778 191,267 163,517 165,887
Short-term external debt 77,232 119,863 116,494 123,102 138,438 121,170

Disbursements (long-term) 48,832 88,883 69,893 60,800 59,543 66,269

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14,793 18,143 17,169 19,131 17,874 22,369
Public sector 14,664 18,143 17,169 19,131 17,874 22,369
of which: General government 13,305 12,046 9,467 13,423 10,821 13,605
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 128 0 0 0 .. 0
Private sector not guaranteed 34,039 70,739 52,725 41,669 41,669 43,900

Principal repayments (long-term) 45,503 69,697 67,974 69,229 68,693 56,633

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 6,027 11,839 10,822 12,916 12,390 15,928
Public sector 6,023 11,788 10,777 12,879 12,338 15,896
of which: General government 5,329 7,595 7,387 6,614 6,632 9,161
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 51 45 37 52 32
Private sector not guaranteed 39,476 57,858 57,152 56,313 56,303 40,705

Interest payments (long-term) 8,869 12,098 11,537 12,672 12,751 12,080

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4,692 4,875 4,890 5,543 5,727 6,015
Public sector 4,690 4,871 4,886 5,539 5,725 6,014
of which: General government 4,048 4,284 4,290 4,579 4,881 5,150
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 4 4 4 3 1
Private sector not guaranteed 4,177 7,223 6,647 7,129 7,024 6,065

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 216,361 335,893 329,939 319,957 301,169 306,532
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 93,281 118,562 123,161 128,690 137,653 140,645
Official creditors 26,929 34,716 34,646 34,455 34,866 31,165
Multilateral 19,924 28,625 28,384 26,958 27,823 25,621
of which: World Bank 11,605 12,039 11,685 11,362 11,925 11,179
Bilateral 7,005 6,091 6,263 7,497 7,043 5,543
Private creditors 66,352 83,846 88,515 94,235 102,786 109,480
Bondholders 45,774 74,436 78,306 83,806 89,850 92,362
Commercial banks and others 20,578 9,411 10,209 10,429 12,937 17,119
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 123,080 217,331 206,778 191,267 163,517 165,887
Bondholders 6,202 41,602 38,894 38,373 37,131 36,186
Commercial banks and others 116,878 175,729 167,884 152,893 126,386 129,701
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 7,277 1,526 1,490 1,481 1,543 7,749

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -2,171 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 3,328 19,186 1,919 -8,429 -9,151 9,636
Official creditors 4,030 925 971 209 -1,590 -1,827
Multilateral 3,831 461 745 -1,024 -812 -701
of which: World Bank 2,088 185 5 -172 -99 -149
Bilateral 199 464 226 1,233 -778 -1,126
Private creditors -702 18,261 948 -8,638 -7,560 11,463
Bondholders 5,970 8,966 2,764 3,752 579 2,455
Banks and others -6,672 9,294 -1,816 -12,390 -8,139 9,009
Short-term 28,255 18,620 -3,369 6,608 15,336 -17,268
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 8,715 10,175 12,144 10,491 8,355 13,001
Portfolio equity 3,468 2,971 -1,131 406 -4,255 -1,434

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 185 201 184 177 210 151
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 39 54 58 59 62 54
Debt service to exports (%) 37 38 35 35 42 25
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 26 26 26 28 31 28
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 7 6 6 6 6 6
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 27 18 16 18 11 16
Gross national income (GNI) 770,477 847,836 766,528 748,179 710,565 803,240
147
TURKMENISTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 1,682 8,650 8,160 6,516 5,636 4,851
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 108 99 97 97 101 418
of which: SDR allocations 108 99 97 97 101 418
Long-term external debt 1,520 8,135 7,757 6,419 5,394 4,433
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,513 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 4,386
Public sector 1,513 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 4,386
of which: General government 147 1,313 1,528 1,629 1,821 1,855
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 7 47 35 43 51 47
Short-term external debt 54 416 306 0 142 0

Disbursements (long-term) 1,051 1,530 1,095 518 747 552

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,044 1,501 1,089 498 729 540
Public sector 1,044 1,501 1,089 498 729 540
of which: General government 3 290 305 315 345 290
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 8 29 7 20 18 12

Principal repayments (long-term) 148 1,381 1,460 1,804 1,850 1,447

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 135 1,366 1,437 1,793 1,839 1,423
Public sector 135 1,366 1,437 1,793 1,839 1,423
of which: General government 18 15 83 165 188 214
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 13 15 23 12 11 23

Interest payments (long-term) 50 339 364 355 240 205

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 50 339 363 354 239 204
Public sector 50 339 363 354 239 204
of which: General government 3 20 47 63 69 82
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 0 1 1 1 1 1

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,520 8,135 7,757 6,419 5,394 4,433
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,513 8,088 7,722 6,376 5,342 4,386
Official creditors 1,513 7,871 7,356 5,875 4,726 3,778
Multilateral 96 441 432 471 673 805
of which: World Bank 11 0 .. .. .. 15
Bilateral 1,417 7,429 6,924 5,404 4,053 2,973
Private creditors 0 217 367 501 616 608
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 217 367 501 616 608
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 7 47 35 43 51 47
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 7 47 35 43 51 47
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 108 99 97 97 101 418

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 903 149 -364 -1,287 -1,103 -895
Official creditors 924 -76 -507 -1,433 -1,197 -900
Multilateral -2 10 -9 88 202 132
of which: World Bank -1 -1 .. .. .. 15
Bilateral 926 -86 -498 -1,521 -1,399 -1,032
Private creditors -21 225 142 147 94 5
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -21 225 142 147 94 5
Short-term -30 263 -110 -306 142 -142
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 3,632 2,086 1,997 2,129 1,169 1,453
Portfolio equity .. .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 8 24 21 15 .. ..
Debt service to exports (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 3 5 4 0 3 0
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 6 5 5 7 12 17
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. .. .. .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 20,689 36,352 39,044 43,576 .. ..
148
UGANDA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 2,975 11,673 12,315 13,971 17,207 19,217
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 275 246 241 239 769 1,484
of which: SDR allocations 267 246 241 239 249 726
Long-term external debt 2,673 10,953 11,566 12,780 15,247 15,961
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2,673 6,890 7,701 8,638 11,335 11,974
Public sector 2,668 6,886 7,697 8,634 11,332 11,971
of which: General government 2,667 6,885 7,696 8,634 11,327 11,966
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 5 4 4 3 3 3
Private sector not guaranteed .. 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 3,987
Short-term external debt 26 473 509 952 1,191 1,772

Disbursements (long-term) 489 1,568 1,167 1,411 2,486 1,386

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 489 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,486 1,311
Public sector 489 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,486 1,311
of which: General government 489 1,259 1,167 1,134 2,481 1,311
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. 309 .. 277 .. 76

Principal repayments (long-term) 40 97 422 166 402 337

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 40 97 224 166 171 337
Public sector 40 97 224 166 171 337
of which: General government 40 97 224 166 171 337
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 .. 0 0 ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. 199 .. 231 ..

Interest payments (long-term) 21 80 98 115 266 380

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 21 80 98 115 141 252
Public sector 21 80 98 115 141 252
of which: General government 21 80 98 115 141 252
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. 0
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. 125 128

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 2,673 10,953 11,566 12,780 15,247 15,961
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 2,673 6,890 7,701 8,638 11,335 11,974
Official creditors 2,673 6,881 7,650 8,555 10,816 11,487
Multilateral 2,416 4,867 5,039 5,654 7,215 7,858
of which: World Bank 1,682 2,980 3,095 3,443 4,300 4,453
Bilateral 257 2,014 2,612 2,901 3,601 3,630
Private creditors 0 8 50 83 519 487
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 0 8 50 83 519 487
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 3,987
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. 4,064 3,865 4,142 3,911 3,987
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 275 246 241 239 769 1,484

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 0 .. .. .. 503 257
Long-term 449 1,471 745 1,245 2,084 1,049
Official creditors 450 1,155 900 934 1,911 973
Multilateral 424 538 285 640 1,291 877
of which: World Bank 326 245 190 366 689 280
Bilateral 26 617 615 294 620 96
Private creditors 0 316 -155 311 173 76
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others 0 316 -155 311 173 76
Short-term -209 -29 36 443 240 581
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 248 708 710 955 674 881
Portfolio equity -70 15 66 15 4 6

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 84 227 201 220 301 312
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 11 39 38 41 47 48
Debt service to exports (%) 2 4 9 5 12 12
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 1 4 4 7 7 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 81 42 41 40 42 41
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 91 32 27 .. .. ..
Gross national income (GNI) 26,231 30,021 32,001 34,437 36,964 39,761
149
UKRAINE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 124,527 123,870 121,873 124,879 132,313 135,643
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 16,262 14,001 12,997 11,328 12,824 14,505
of which: SDR allocations 2,017 1,865 1,821 1,811 1,886 4,531
Long-term external debt 81,001 87,609 88,185 91,525 96,083 98,870
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 25,327 37,238 36,989 39,188 42,186 44,628
Public sector 25,327 37,238 36,989 39,188 42,186 44,628
of which: General government 24,815 33,718 35,126 35,252 38,114 38,818
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 55,674 50,371 51,197 52,337 53,897 54,241
Short-term external debt 27,264 22,259 20,690 22,025 23,406 22,268

Disbursements (long-term) 32,240 8,235 9,164 11,199 16,486 12,796

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 7,969 5,817 3,727 5,363 7,042 6,349
Public sector 7,969 5,817 3,727 5,363 7,042 6,349
of which: General government 7,935 5,446 3,357 3,061 6,826 4,478
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 24,272 2,418 5,437 5,836 9,444 6,447

Principal repayments (long-term) 22,885 8,582 8,921 8,350 12,445 8,990

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,446 3,531 3,678 3,075 4,987 2,938
Public sector 1,446 3,531 3,678 3,075 4,987 2,938
of which: General government 1,165 3,439 1,657 2,851 4,886 2,827
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 21,439 5,051 5,243 5,275 7,458 6,052

Interest payments (long-term) 3,532 2,988 2,824 3,187 3,348 3,645

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 594 1,516 1,479 1,699 1,869 2,123
Public sector 594 1,516 1,479 1,699 1,869 2,123
of which: General government 552 1,347 1,436 1,652 1,692 1,724
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 2,938 1,473 1,345 1,488 1,479 1,523

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 81,001 87,609 88,185 91,525 96,083 98,870
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 25,327 37,238 36,989 39,188 42,186 44,628
Official creditors 14,961 15,003 13,760 13,133 14,638 15,656
Multilateral 13,560 12,241 11,063 10,457 12,122 13,265
of which: World Bank 3,212 5,362 5,335 5,360 5,741 6,623
Bilateral 1,400 2,762 2,698 2,677 2,516 2,392
Private creditors 10,366 22,235 23,228 26,054 27,548 28,972
Bondholders 9,058 22,067 22,467 24,485 25,553 26,941
Commercial banks and others 1,308 167 761 1,569 1,996 2,031
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 55,674 50,371 51,197 52,337 53,897 54,241
Bondholders 4,313 4,419 4,519 5,635 5,294 4,833
Commercial banks and others 51,361 45,952 46,678 46,702 48,603 49,409
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 16,262 14,001 12,997 11,328 12,824 14,505

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 3,433 146 -689 -1,593 992 -667
Long-term 9,355 -347 243 2,849 4,041 3,806
Official creditors 3,767 863 -974 -537 922 1,626
Multilateral 3,915 643 -924 -506 1,138 1,668
of which: World Bank -85 -149 -27 25 381 882
Bilateral -149 220 -50 -32 -215 -43
Private creditors 5,589 -1,210 1,217 3,387 3,119 2,180
Bondholders 2,193 1,589 -275 2,551 942 1,189
Banks and others 3,396 -2,799 1,492 836 2,176 990
Short-term 6,370 1,114 -2,088 1,191 348 -283
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 5,550 3,025 4,069 4,909 272 5,502
Portfolio equity 290 110 -9 49 173 -73

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 177 196 172 162 182 142
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 92 109 92 80 83 70
Debt service to exports (%) 38 21 21 18 24 15
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 22 18 17 18 18 16
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 11 10 9 8 9 10
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 27 14 16 19 21 22
Gross national income (GNI) 135,959 113,718 132,165 155,795 160,040 195,033
150
UZBEKISTAN
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 7,981 16,352 17,609 22,407 32,343 38,995
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 405 374 365 363 775 1,493
of which: SDR allocations 405 374 365 363 378 1,107
Long-term external debt 7,154 15,238 16,346 21,371 29,181 33,958
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,423 7,204 9,285 12,793 17,351 20,148
Public sector 3,419 7,204 9,285 12,793 17,351 20,148
of which: General government 2,534 5,085 6,770 10,162 14,350 16,185
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 4 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 3,730 8,035 7,061 8,579 11,829 13,810
Short-term external debt 423 740 897 673 2,387 3,544

Disbursements (long-term) 1,191 2,128 2,833 6,779 8,597 10,038

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 455 1,147 2,504 3,932 4,875 3,968
Public sector 455 1,147 2,504 3,932 4,875 3,968
of which: General government 258 852 1,914 3,625 4,257 2,606
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 736 981 330 2,846 3,722 6,069

Principal repayments (long-term) 493 1,436 691 1,950 2,428 3,753

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 370 341 383 429 585 804
Public sector 368 341 383 429 585 804
of which: General government 165 178 198 233 291 487
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 2 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 123 1,095 309 1,521 1,842 2,950

Interest payments (long-term) 118 449 284 669 756 799

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 63 118 144 257 303 323
Public sector 63 118 144 257 303 323
of which: General government 47 68 95 196 243 247
Private sector guaranteed by public sector 0 .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 55 331 141 412 453 476

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 7,154 15,238 16,346 21,371 29,181 33,958
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,423 7,204 9,285 12,793 17,351 20,148
Official creditors 3,197 6,922 9,086 11,562 14,659 15,897
Multilateral 1,210 3,860 5,410 7,030 9,246 10,086
of which: World Bank 373 910 1,907 2,723 3,734 4,328
Bilateral 1,987 3,062 3,677 4,532 5,413 5,812
Private creditors 226 281 199 1,231 2,692 4,251
Bondholders .. .. .. 1,000 2,048 3,618
Commercial banks and others 226 281 199 231 644 633
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 3,730 8,035 7,061 8,579 11,829 13,810
Bondholders .. .. .. 300 600 900
Commercial banks and others 3,730 8,035 7,061 8,279 11,229 12,910
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 405 374 365 363 775 1,493

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. .. .. .. 384 0
Long-term 698 692 2,142 4,828 6,169 6,284
Official creditors 184 829 2,193 2,467 2,850 1,587
Multilateral 110 482 1,582 1,628 2,153 886
of which: World Bank 5 101 1,013 820 978 618
Bilateral 74 348 611 839 698 701
Private creditors 514 -138 -51 2,361 3,319 4,698
Bondholders .. .. .. 1,300 1,348 1,870
Banks and others 514 -138 -51 1,061 1,971 2,828
Short-term -120 351 157 -232 1,714 1,152
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,487 1,914 639 2,148 1,575 1,663
Portfolio equity 1 3 13 29 32 15

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 60 109 102 112 201 208
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 16 26 33 37 54 56
Debt service to exports (%) 5 13 6 13 20 25
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 5 5 5 3 7 9
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 15 24 31 31 29 26
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) .. 86 71 57 45 36
Gross national income (GNI) 50,620 63,294 54,141 60,645 59,703 69,440
151
VANUATU
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 177.7 401.4 402.2 441.3 459.6 515.2
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25.1 47.4 43.3 37.2 34.4 63.0
of which: SDR allocations 25.1 23.2 22.6 22.5 23.4 54.7
Long-term external debt 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Public sector 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
of which: General government 102.1 287.4 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 50.0 66.4 45.1 42.1 38.4 39.9

Disbursements (long-term) 3.3 68.7 46.4 55.0 14.4 31.6

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.3 68.7 46.4 55.0 14.4 31.6
Public sector 3.3 68.7 46.4 55.0 14.4 31.6
of which: General government 3.3 68.7 46.4 55.0 14.4 31.6
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 3.6 5.0 12.0 4.7 10.0 10.5

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3.6 5.0 12.0 4.7 10.0 10.5
Public sector 3.6 5.0 12.0 4.7 10.0 10.5
of which: General government 3.5 5.0 11.8 4.7 10.0 10.5
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 1.6 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1.6 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2
Public sector 1.6 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2
of which: General government 1.6 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Official creditors 102.6 287.6 313.8 362.0 386.7 412.4
Multilateral 68.8 76.1 101.8 135.0 145.2 148.4
of which: World Bank 11.7 29.1 54.7 83.0 91.6 97.9
Bilateral 33.8 211.5 212.0 227.0 241.5 263.9
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 25.1 47.4 43.3 37.2 34.4 63.0

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit .. 0.0 -3.0 -5.9 -4.1 -2.4
Long-term -0.3 63.7 34.4 50.3 4.4 21.1
Official creditors -0.3 63.7 34.4 50.3 4.4 21.1
Multilateral -3.3 19.6 27.1 33.5 4.4 8.4
of which: World Bank -0.5 15.8 26.8 28.7 5.0 9.1
Bilateral 3.0 44.0 7.2 16.8 0.0 12.7
Private creditors .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term 21.0 28.6 -21.3 -3.1 -3.7 1.5
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 50.6 34.2 34.0 34.6 23.7 32.8
Portfolio equity .. 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 48.9 91.1 79.4 82.0 174.2 197.5
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 27.4 45.5 42.7 43.7 46.6 50.6
Debt service to exports (%) 1.6 2.3 4.0 3.0 7.3 6.8
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 28.1 16.6 11.2 9.5 8.4 7.7
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 38.7 19.0 25.3 30.6 31.6 28.8
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 90.8 98.4 104.6 115.9 133.5 129.0
Gross national income (GNI) 649.2 882.4 941.9 1,010.7 986.5 1,018.8
152
VIETNAM
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 44,941 104,091 106,855 117,338 125,065 136,213
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 448 438 435 453 1,987
of which: SDR allocations 485 448 438 435 453 1,987
Long-term external debt 37,479 81,744 86,833 92,506 98,008 100,993
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 32,799 51,790 52,115 51,782 52,200 48,536
Public sector 32,799 51,620 51,971 51,663 52,106 48,467
of which: General government 26,995 36,160 36,739 36,672 36,976 34,201
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 170 145 120 94 69
Private sector not guaranteed 4,680 29,954 34,717 40,723 45,808 52,457
Short-term external debt 6,932 21,898 19,585 24,397 26,604 33,233

Disbursements (long-term) 6,922 18,661 20,336 18,674 17,467 23,371

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,637 4,270 3,210 2,404 2,265 1,853
Public sector 5,637 4,270 3,210 2,404 2,265 1,853
of which: General government 4,309 2,747 2,147 1,443 1,311 1,071
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 1,285 14,391 17,126 16,271 15,202 21,518

Principal repayments (long-term) 1,055 11,250 14,714 13,040 13,785 18,114

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,055 2,329 2,587 2,775 3,667 3,245
Public sector 1,055 2,304 2,561 2,750 3,642 3,220
of which: General government 696 1,273 1,407 1,580 2,461 1,906
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 25 25 25 25 25
Private sector not guaranteed .. 8,920 12,127 10,265 10,118 14,869

Interest payments (long-term) 707 2,059 2,721 2,678 1,870 1,515

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 563 940 1,017 1,062 886 702
Public sector 563 935 1,011 1,056 883 701
of which: General government 382 527 574 597 524 413
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 5 5 6 3 1
Private sector not guaranteed 144 1,119 1,704 1,616 984 812

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 37,479 81,744 86,833 92,506 98,008 100,993
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 32,799 51,790 52,115 51,782 52,200 48,536
Official creditors 27,314 44,618 45,736 46,077 47,824 44,750
Multilateral 12,573 23,286 23,718 24,066 25,338 24,613
of which: World Bank 7,743 14,683 14,968 15,327 16,378 16,008
Bilateral 14,741 21,332 22,017 22,010 22,487 20,137
Private creditors 5,485 7,173 6,380 5,706 4,376 3,786
Bondholders 2,020 1,516 1,511 1,506 756 751
Commercial banks and others 3,465 5,657 4,869 4,199 3,620 3,035
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 4,680 29,954 34,717 40,723 45,808 52,457
Bondholders .. 235 35 1,014 1,094 1,444
Commercial banks and others 4,680 29,718 34,682 39,709 44,714 51,013
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 448 438 435 453 1,987

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -38 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 5,867 7,411 5,622 5,635 3,682 5,257
Official creditors 2,973 2,691 1,392 294 -35 -834
Multilateral 1,953 1,145 839 458 491 -123
of which: World Bank 1,543 885 592 443 499 25
Bilateral 1,020 1,545 553 -164 -527 -710
Private creditors 2,894 4,720 4,230 5,341 3,717 6,091
Bondholders 981 -5 -205 974 -671 345
Banks and others 1,912 4,725 4,435 4,367 4,388 5,746
Short-term 2,149 9,178 -2,313 4,812 2,207 6,629
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 7,101 8,418 13,977 11,980 13,212 13,868
Portfolio equity 2,383 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 56 45 41 41 43 40
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 31 39 36 37 38 39
Debt service to exports (%) 2 6 7 6 6 6
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 15 21 18 21 21 24
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 28 22 22 21 20 18
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 28 47 52 67 76 80
Gross national income (GNI) 142,783 264,357 292,881 313,593 327,628 346,676
153
YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 6,504 7,193 7,037 7,055 7,121 7,587
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 436 508 469 440 410 1,021
of which: SDR allocations 358 331 323 321 335 978
Long-term external debt 5,945 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 5,945 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
Public sector 5,945 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
of which: General government 5,945 5,317 5,205 5,188 5,251 5,108
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term external debt 124 368 362 427 460 459

Disbursements (long-term) 297 4 19 66 38 13

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 297 4 19 66 38 13
Public sector 297 4 19 66 38 13
of which: General government 297 4 19 66 38 13
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 155 66 71 72 75 80

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 155 66 71 72 75 80
Public sector 155 66 71 72 75 80
of which: General government 155 66 71 72 75 80
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Interest payments (long-term) 74 13 13 12 11 11

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 74 13 13 12 11 11
Public sector 74 13 13 12 11 11
of which: General government 74 13 13 12 11 11
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed .. .. .. .. .. ..

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 5,945 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 5,945 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
Official creditors 5,941 6,317 6,205 6,188 6,251 6,108
Multilateral 3,294 3,110 3,004 2,987 3,027 2,910
of which: World Bank 2,180 1,695 1,586 1,505 1,488 1,368
Bilateral 2,647 3,207 3,201 3,201 3,224 3,198
Private creditors 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Private nonguaranteed debt from: .. .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others .. .. .. .. .. ..
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 436 508 469 440 410 1,021

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 26 -18 -27 -26 -47 -31
Long-term 143 -62 -52 -7 -38 -67
Official creditors 144 -62 -52 -7 -38 -67
Multilateral 159 -62 -51 -7 -38 -67
of which: World Bank 28 -66 -71 -72 -75 -80
Bilateral -15 0 0 0 0 0
Private creditors -1 .. .. .. .. ..
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Banks and others -1 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term -390 50 -82 36 1 -28
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 43 -270 -282 -371 .. ..
Portfolio equity 0 .. .. .. .. ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 70 .. .. .. .. ..
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 27 33 32 38 ..
Debt service to exports (%) 3 .. .. .. .. ..
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 2 5 5 6 6 6
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 51 43 43 42 43 38
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 90 10 33 20 13 ..
Gross national income (GNI) 29,088 26,802 21,590 21,870 18,821 ..
154
ZAMBIA
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 4,253 22,955 23,526 27,254 26,690 24,046
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,117 794 715 667 678 1,969
of which: SDR allocations 722 668 652 649 676 1,969
Long-term external debt 1,986 21,260 22,189 25,752 25,335 20,811
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 1,192 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,260 12,498
Public sector 1,192 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,260 12,498
of which: General government 1,141 8,765 9,871 11,003 12,250 12,491
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 794 12,474 12,301 14,736 13,074 8,313
Short-term external debt 1,150 901 623 835 676 1,266

Disbursements (long-term) 177 7,857 4,884 5,501 2,481 427

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 150 1,754 1,456 1,630 1,339 427
Public sector 150 1,754 1,456 1,630 1,339 427
of which: General government 150 1,754 1,455 1,630 1,339 427
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 27 6,103 3,428 3,871 1,143 ..

Principal repayments (long-term) 86 367 667 1,758 1,458 1,391

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 47 152 282 480 274 161
Public sector 47 152 282 480 274 161
of which: General government 41 148 279 477 270 158
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. 0 0 0 .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 40 215 385 1,277 1,184 1,230

Interest payments (long-term) 29 387 535 776 428 208

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 11 341 444 442 296 80
Public sector 11 341 444 442 296 80
of which: General government 11 341 444 442 296 80
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 18 45 91 334 132 127

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 1,986 21,260 22,189 25,752 25,335 20,811
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 1,192 8,786 9,888 11,017 12,260 12,498
Official creditors 1,189 4,227 4,670 5,614 6,529 6,839
Multilateral 924 1,622 1,818 2,113 2,487 2,626
of which: World Bank 430 894 1,003 1,108 1,296 1,377
Bilateral 265 2,606 2,851 3,501 4,042 4,213
Private creditors 2 4,558 5,219 5,403 5,731 5,659
Bondholders .. 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Commercial banks and others 2 1,558 2,219 2,403 2,731 2,659
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 794 12,474 12,301 14,736 13,074 8,313
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 794 12,474 12,301 14,736 13,074 8,313
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 1,117 794 715 667 678 1,969

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit 55 -66 -61 -44 -15 -3
Long-term 90 7,490 4,217 3,743 1,024 -964
Official creditors 105 340 510 963 745 331
Multilateral 71 133 234 303 298 201
of which: World Bank 30 86 132 112 139 119
Bilateral 35 207 275 660 448 130
Private creditors -15 7,150 3,707 2,780 278 -1,295
Bondholders .. 0 0 0 0 0
Banks and others -15 7,150 3,707 2,780 278 -1,295
Short-term 704 81 -225 196 -163 552
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 1,228 547 -502 -306 -201 -301
Portfolio equity 101 -3 -5 -1 -1 -1

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 53 251 235 328 311 205
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 22 93 91 119 152 125
Debt service to exports (%) 2 9 13 31 22 14
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 4 3 3 3 5
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 22 7 8 8 9 11
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 49 9 7 5 5 11
Gross national income (GNI) 18,903 24,727 25,905 22,904 17,602 19,281
155
ZIMBABWE
(US$ million, unless otherwise indicated)
2010 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Summary external debt data, by debtor type
Total external debt stocks 6,763 12,513 12,623 12,247 12,743 13,739
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 482 471 468 488 1,422
of which: SDR allocations 419 482 471 468 488 1,422
Long-term external debt 4,405 8,305 8,768 8,258 8,404 8,581
Public and publicly guaranteed sector 3,800 4,322 4,290 4,369 4,580 4,627
Public sector 3,800 4,322 4,290 4,369 4,580 4,627
of which: General government 3,123 3,715 3,745 3,835 4,018 4,096
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 605 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 3,954
Short-term external debt 1,829 3,726 3,384 3,521 3,852 3,736

Disbursements (long-term) 847 818 980 972 906 810

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 4 156 280 91 60 214
Public sector 4 156 280 91 60 214
of which: General government 4 153 280 91 60 214
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 843 662 700 881 845 596

Principal repayments (long-term) 338 387 281 1,214 930 528

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 2 114 76 52 21 61
Public sector 2 114 76 52 21 61
of which: General government 1 61 26 42 21 60
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 336 273 205 1,163 910 466

Interest payments (long-term) 32 267 254 313 22 28

Public and publicly guaranteed sector 14 27 14 13 17 24
Public sector 14 27 14 13 17 24
of which: General government 13 24 13 13 17 24
Private sector guaranteed by public sector .. .. .. .. .. ..
Private sector not guaranteed 18 240 240 301 5 4

Summary external debt stock, by creditor type

Long-term external debt stocks 4,405 8,305 8,768 8,258 8,404 8,581
Public and publicly guaranteed debt from: 3,800 4,322 4,290 4,369 4,580 4,627
Official creditors 3,351 3,888 3,872 3,956 4,149 4,219
Multilateral 1,614 1,415 1,214 1,208 1,246 1,212
of which: World Bank 976 907 896 890 910 893
Bilateral 1,738 2,473 2,658 2,748 2,903 3,006
Private creditors 448 435 418 412 431 408
Bondholders 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial banks and others 448 435 418 412 431 408
Private nonguaranteed debt from: 605 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 3,954
Bondholders .. .. .. .. .. ..
Commercial banks and others 605 3,983 4,478 3,889 3,825 3,954
Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations 529 482 471 468 488 1,422

Net financial inflows

Net debt inflows
Use of IMF credit -4 .. .. .. .. ..
Long-term 510 431 699 -243 -25 282
Official creditors 2 53 204 45 43 159
Multilateral 0 -60 -41 0 2 -5
of which: World Bank 0 -5 0 -3 0 -3
Bilateral 2 113 245 44 41 164
Private creditors 507 378 496 -287 -67 123
Bondholders 0 0 .. 0 0 0
Banks and others 507 378 496 -287 -67 123
Short-term 160 452 -412 63 205 -124
Net equity inflows
Foreign direct investment 123 307 718 250 150 166
Portfolio equity 63 -101 55 4 -82 ..

Debt ratios
External debt stocks to exports (%) 73 269 243 232 242 209
External debt stocks to GNI (%) 57 72 71 65 73 54
Debt service to exports (%) 4 15 12 30 19 9
Short-term to external debt stocks (%) 27 30 27 29 30 27
Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) 24 11 10 10 10 9
Reserves to external debt stocks (%) 11 2 1 1 0 6
Gross national income (GNI) 11,892 17,276 17,810 18,897 17,448 25,562
156
APPENDIX
About the Data

157
User Guide to Tables
I nternational Debt Report 2022 focuses on
financial flows, trends in external debt, and
other major financial indicators for low- and mid-
dle-income countries. The analysis and data in the
International Debt Report (IDR) are based on
data sourced from the International Debt Statistics
database. The country tables in the IDR offer a
more condensed p ­resentation (analytical) of the
principal indicators. The longer version of the
table presentation (standard) will be found in
the online tables.
Tables
Aggregate tables
The aggregate tables are labeled by region name.
Data are shown for all low- and middle-income
countries and for six regional groups (East Asia and
Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America
and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa,
South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa).
Country tables
Country tables are labeled by country name
and ordered alphabetically. Data are shown for
121 low- and middle-income countries that report
public and publicly guaranteed external debt
to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System.
The tables also include key debt ratios and the
composition of external debt stocks and flows for
each country.
Each table shows a time series with the most
recent five years, as well as 2010 as a comparison
year. Full time series data are available for all
countries in the World Bank’s Open Data web-
site (https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/
international-debt-statistics).
Statistics
The general cutoff date for countries to report
data for this publication was end-July 2022. The
economic aggregates presented in the tables are
prepared for the convenience of users. Although
debt ratios can give useful information about
developments in a debt-servicing capacity, conclu-
sions drawn from them will not be valid unless
accompanied by careful economic evaluation.
The macroeconomic data provided are collected
from national statistical organizations, which in
some cases may be subject to a considerable margin of
error. The usual care must be taken in interpreting the
ratios, particularly for the most recent years, because
figures may be preliminary and subject to revision.
Specific country notes describing the sources
of information that are not provided by the coun-
try are summarized in the “Data Documentation”
section. Unless otherwise specified, data on long-
term public and publicly guaranteed external debt
for 2021 are based on reports provided by the
country.
More detailed information on data sources,
methodology, and compilation is provided in the
remaining sections of this appendix.
Aggregate Measures for Income
Groups and Regions
Aggregate measures for income groups and regions
include the 121 low- and middle-income countries
that report public and publicly g­uaranteed external
debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System,
whenever data are available. The aggregate “All low-
and middle-income countries” is the sum of data for
121 countries.
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
Classification of Countries
For operational and analytical purposes, the
World Bank’s main criterion for classifying coun-
tries is gross national income (GNI) per capita
(calculated by the World Bank Atlas method).
Every country is classified as low-income, middle-
income, or high-income. Low- and middle-income
countries are sometimes referred to as develop-
ing countries. The term is used for convenience;
it is not intended to imply that all countries in
the group are experiencing similar development
or that other countries have reached a preferred
or final stage of ­development. Because GNI per
capita changes over time, the country composition
of income groups may change from one edition of
IDR to the next. Once the classification is fixed
160
for an edition, based on GNI per capita in the
most recent year for which data are available, all
historical data presented are based on the same
country grouping.
Symbols
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the
number would round to zero at the displayed
number of decimal places.
.. means that data are not available or that aggre-
gates cannot be calculated because of missing
data in the years shown.
$ indicates current US dollars unless otherwise
specified.
User Guide to Online Tables
and Database

T he country tables in the International Debt Report are sourced from the International Debt Statistics
database. Using an automated query process, these reference tables will be updated on the basis of the
revisions to the International Debt Statistics database.
Users can access all the online tables, download the PDF version of the publication, and view the report
as an eBook on the ISSUU platform (https://www.issuu.com/), as well as access the ­database and ­download
the archived editions of the publication by going to https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics​
/idr/products. You can also access all of the publications through the Debt Statistics website at https://www​
.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/publications.

How to Access the Online Country Tables

To access the online tables, visit https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/ids and select from
“Country,” “Region,” or “Topic.” Click on “Analytical” to view the table with a select number of indica-
tors as reported in the IDR publication, or “Standard” to view the tables with the full list of indicators
available in the database. To access the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) debt service payments due
table, visit https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/dssi and select “Monthly presentation”
for monthly projections or “Annual presentation” for yearly projections and actual deferrals.

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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

To access a specific country table directly without going through the above landing page, use the URL
https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/ids and click on a country name to view the table.
Similarly, to view the regional table, click on the “Region” tab and select one of the listed regions. The
data can be filtered by Counterpart-Area (the creditor) and by Country (the debtor) using the drop-down
filters.

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 U s e r G u i d e t o O n l i n e T a b l e s a n d D a t a b a s e

Indicators
The table below lists some of the main indicator codes available online. To view a specific indicator
online, go to https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ and add the indicator code at the end of the URL; for
example, to view a page for total debt stocks, this line should be in your browser:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.DOD.DECT.CD.

1. SUMMARY EXTERNAL DEBT DATA

External debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD External debt flows

  Long-term external debt DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Disbursements DT.DIS.DLTF.CD
  Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.DIS.DLXF.CD
  Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD   IMF purchases DT.DIS.DIMF.CD
  Use of IMF credit and SDR allocations DT.DOD.DIMF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLTF.CD
  SDR allocations DT.DOD.DSDR.CD   Long-term external debt DT.AMT.DLXF.CD
  Short-term debt DT.DOD.DSTC.CD   IMF repurchases DT.AMT.DIMF.CD
  Interest arrears on long-term DT.IXA.DPPG.CD Net flows DT.NFL.DECT.CD
  Long-term external debt DT.NFL.DLXF.CD
Memorandum items   Short-term external debt DT.NFL.DSTC.CD
Principal arrears on long-term DT.AXA.DPPG.CD Interest payments DT.INT.DECT.CD
Long-term public sector debt DT.DOD.DPPG.CD   Long-term external debt DT.INT.DLXF.CD
Long-term private sector debt DT.DOD.PRVS.CD   IMF charges DT.INT.DIMF.CD
Public & publicly guaranteed commitments DT.COM.DPPG.CD   Short-term external debt DT.INT.DSTC.CD

2. OTHER NONDEBT RESOURCE FLOWS 5. MAJOR ECONOMIC AGGREGATES

Foreign direct investment (net equity i­nflows) BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD Gross national income (GNI) NY.GNP.MKTP.CD
Portfolio equity flows BX.PEF.TOTL.CD.WD Exports of goods, services, and primary
income BX.GSR.TOTL.CD
Personal transfers and compensation of
3. CURRENCY COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC AND PUBLICLY ­employees BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT
GUARANTEED DEBT (%)
Imports of goods, services, and primary
Euro DT.CUR.EURO.ZS ­income BM.GSR.TOTL.CD
Japanese yen DT.CUR.JYEN.ZS Primary income on foreign direct
Pound sterling DT.CUR.UKPS.ZS ­investment (payments) BX.KLT.DREM.CD.DT
Swiss franc DT.CUR.SWFR.ZS International reserves FI.RES.TOTL.CD
US dollars DT.CUR.USDL.ZS

4. AVERAGE TERMS OF NEW COMMITMENTS 6. RATIOS

Official creditors External debt stocks to exports (%) DT.DOD.DECT.EX.ZS

  Interest (%) DT.INR.OFFT External debt stocks to GNI (%) DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
  Maturity (years) DT.MAT.OFFT Debt service to exports (%) DOD.DECT.GN.ZS
  Grace period (years) DT.GPA.OFFT Short-term to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.DSTC.ZS
Private creditors Multilateral to external debt stocks (%) DT.DOD.MLAT.ZS
  Interest (%) DT.INR.PRVT Reserves to external debt stocks (%) FI.RES.TOTL.DT.ZS
  Maturity (years) DT.MAT.PRVT Current account balance BN.CAB.XOKA.CD
  Grace period (years) DT.GPA.PRVT Reserves to imports (months) FI.RES.TOTL.MO

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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

7. LONG-TERM EXTERNAL DEBT

Debt outstanding and disbursed DT.DOD.DLXF.CD Interest payments DT.INT.DLXF.CD

Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DOD.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.INT.DPPG.CD
Official creditors DT.DOD.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.INT.OFFT.CD
 Multilateral DT.DOD.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.INT.MLAT.CD
  of which: IBRD DT.DOD.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.INT.MIBR.CD
      IDA DT.DOD.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.INT.MIDA.CD
 Bilateral DT.DOD.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.INT.BLAT.CD
Private creditors DT.DOD.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.INT.PRVT.CD
  of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PBND.CD
      Commercial banks DT.DOD.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.INT.PCBK.CD
Private nonguaranteed DT.DOD.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.INT.DPNG.CD
  of which: Bonds DT.DOD.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.INT.PNGB.CD

Disbursements DT.DIS.DLXF.CD Principal repayments DT.AMT.DLXF.CD

Public and publicly guaranteed DT.DIS.DPPG.CD Public and publicly guaranteed DT.AMT.DPPG.CD
Official creditors DT.DIS.OFFT.CD Official creditors DT.AMT.OFFT.CD
 Multilateral DT.DIS.MLAT.CD  Multilateral DT.AMT.MLAT.CD
  of which: IBRD DT.DIS.MIBR.CD   of which: IBRD DT.AMT.MIBR.CD
      IDA DT.DIS.MIDA.CD       IDA DT.AMT.MIDA.CD
 Bilateral DT.DIS.BLAT.CD  Bilateral DT.AMT.BLAT.CD
Private creditors DT.DIS.PRVT.CD Private creditors DT.AMT.PRVT.CD
  of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PBND.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PBND.CD
      Commercial banks DT.DIS.PCBK.CD       Commercial banks DT.AMT.PCBK.CD
Private nonguaranteed DT.DIS.DPNG.CD Private nonguaranteed DT.AMT.DPNG.CD
  of which: Bonds DT.DIS.PNGB.CD   of which: Bonds DT.AMT.PNGB.CD

10. CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ON OUTSTANDING LONG-TERM

8. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILIATION
EXTERNAL DEBT

Total change in external debt stocks DT.DOD.DECT.CD.CG Official creditors

Net flows on external debt DT.NFL.DECT.CD  Principal DT.AMT.OFFT.CD
 Interest DT.INT.OFFT.CD
9. DEBT STOCK-FLOW RECONCILIATION Private creditors
 Principal DT.AMT.PRVT.CD
Total amount rescheduled DT.DXR.DPPG.CD
 Interest DT.INT.PRVT.CD
Total amount forgiven DT.DFR.DPPG.CD
Debt buyback DT.DSB.DPPG.CD

Note: IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and ­Development; IDA = International Development Association; IMF = International
Monetary Fund.

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 U s e r G u i d e t o O n l i n e T a b l e s a n d D a t a b a s e

How to Access the Database

DataBank (http://databank.worldbank.org) is an online web resource that provides simple and quick
access to collections of time series data. It has advanced functions for selecting and displaying data,
performing customized queries, downloading data, and creating charts and maps. Users can create
dynamic, custom reports based on their selection of countries, indicators, and years. All these reports can
be easily edited, shared, and embedded as widgets on websites or blogs. For more information, see https://
datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/.

Actions
Click to share the table using either the embed code or the URL.

Click to edit and revise the table in DataBank.

Click to export all metadata to Excel.

Click to export the table to Excel.

Click to export the table and corresponding indicator metadata to PDF.

Click to print the table and corresponding indicator metadata.

Click to access the IDR Online Tables Help file.

165
Data Sources and Methodology
Data Sources
Debtor Reporting System
T he principal sources of information for the
tables in International Debt Report 2022
are from the International Debt Statistics (IDS)
database, which is based on reports to the
World Bank through the World Bank’s Debtor
Reporting System (DRS) from member countries
that have received either International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans
or International Development ­ Association (IDA)
credits. The DRS has its origin in the World Bank’s
need to monitor and assess the financial position
of its borrowers. Since 1951, borrowers have
been required to provide statistics on their public
external debt and private sector debt that ben-
efit from a public guarantee. Reporting c­ ountries
submit reports on the annual status, transactions,
and terms of the long-term external debt of public
agencies and that of private ones guaranteed by
a public agency in the debtor country. The DRS
maintains these records on a loan-by-loan basis.
In 1973, coverage of the DRS was expanded to
include private sector nonguaranteed borrowing;
however, for this category of debt, data are pro-
vided by borrowers in aggregate rather than loan
by loan.
Data submitted to the DRS are processed
in the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) sys-
tem, along with additional information received
from the African Development Bank, the
Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American
Development Bank, the International Monetary
Fund (IMF), institutions of the World Bank Group
(IBRD and IDA), and the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development. The WBXD
is an internal system of the World Bank. Among
its outputs is the IDS database, from which the
tables in this publication and online database are
produced.
Data on exports and imports (on a balance
of payments basis), international reserves, current
account balances, foreign direct investment (FDI) on
equity, portfolio equity flows, and primary income
on FDI are drawn mainly from the IMF, supple-
mented by United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development reports and country data. Balance of
payments data are p ­ resented according to the sixth
edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual.
Official aid flows come from data collected and pub-
lished by the Development Assistance Committee of
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development. Short-term external debt data are as
reported by debtor countries or are estimates based
on the Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
quarterly series of commercial banks’ claims on
low- and middle-income c­ ountries. For some coun-
tries, estimates were prepared by pooling creditor
and debtor information. Data on the gross national
income of most low- and middle-income c­ountries
are collected from national statistical organizations
or central banks by visiting and resident World Bank
missions.
Every effort has been made to ensure the
accuracy and completeness of the external debt
statistics. Coverage has been improved through
the efforts of the reporting agencies and close col-
laboration between the Bank and our partners, the
Commonwealth Secretariat and United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development, which
provide debt recording and reporting systems across
the globe, as well as through the work of the World
Bank missions, which visit member countries to
gather data and to provide technical assistance on
debt issues. Nevertheless, quality and coverage vary
among debtors and may also vary for the same
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
debtor from year to year. Data on long-term exter-
nal debt reported by member countries are checked
against, and supplemented by, data from several
other sources. Among these sources are the state-
ments and reports of several regional development
banks, government lending agencies, and official
government websites.
Methodology
Aggregations
Total debt stock and other aggregate measures are
derived from the summation of loan-level data on
stocks and flows after conversion to a common cur-
rency. Other tabulations are compiled using terms
and conditions reported in the loan-level data, such
as currency composition, cancellations, rescheduling
of other liabilities into long-term public and publicly
guaranteed external debt, and debt buybacks.
Aggregates for regional and income groups are
based on the World Bank’s operational classifica-
tions, which may differ from common geographic
usage or income groups used by other organiza-
tions. Country classifications of DRS reporting
countries in 2021 are shown in the country groups
section. The same classification is used for all his-
torical data shown in the IDR and the online tables
and database.
Currency conversion
Data on external obligations are normally
reported to the World Bank in the currency of
repayment and are converted into a common
­currency (US dollars) using official exchange rates
published by the IMF.
Commitments, disbursements, and debt ser-
vice payments (flows) are converted to US dollars
at the annual average exchange rate for the year.
Debt outstanding (disbursed and undisbursed) at
the end of a given year (stock) is converted at the
exchange rate in effect at the end of the relevant
year. Consequently, year-to-year changes in debt
outstanding and disbursed may not equal net
flows (disbursements less principal repayments);
similarly, changes in debt outstanding (including
undisbursed debt) may not equal commitments
less repayments. Discrepancies will be particu-
larly significant when exchange rates have moved
sharply during the year. Projected debt service is
converted to US dollars at rates in effect at the end
of December 2021.
168
Beginning with 1991, all ruble debt owed to
the former Soviet Union has been converted at a
rate of US$1 = 0.6 ruble, except in cases where a
bilateral agreement specifying a different conver-
sion rate is in place. Adoption of this methodology
does not constitute an endorsement by the World
Bank staff of the appropriateness or validity of the
exchange rate used. That matter must be resolved
bilaterally between the Russian Federation and its
debtor countries.
Starting with the 1988–89 edition of World
Debt Tables (a predecessor of IDR), all data
pertaining to IBRD loans from 1985 onward are
recorded at their current market value. Starting
with the 1991–92 edition, all data pertaining
to Asian Development Bank loans from 1989
onward are recorded at their current market
value. Starting with the 1998 edition, all data
pertaining to African Development Bank and
African Development Fund loans from 1997
onward are recorded at their current market
value.
Debt stock and flow reconciliation
Because of currency conversions and the timing of
transactions, there may be differences between the
change in aggregate stocks from one period to the
next and flows during the relevant period; changes
in debt outstanding, including undisbursed
amounts, will therefore differ from commitments
less repayments.
Changes in the stock of debt from one period
to the next can be attributed to five f­ actors: the net
flow of debt, the net change in interest arrears, the
capitalization of interest, a reduction in debt result-
ing from debt forgiveness or other debt reduction
mechanisms, and c­ ross-currency valuation effects.
Any residual difference in the change in stock not
explained by one of those five factors may indicate
inconsistencies in the reported data or specific
phenomena p ­revailing in an individual country
(for example, an ­incomplete historical series for all
categories of debt). Starting in 1989, the IDR pub-
lication and IDS database include the debt stock
reconciliation, but not all components are shown
in the IDR book edition and online tables.
External debt restructuring
Starting in 1985, the WBXD includes information
on the restructuring of debt by official creditors
in the context of the Paris Club, restructuring

by commercial creditors, debt swap operations,
buybacks, and bond exchanges. It attempts to
capture accurately the effect of debt restructuring
on both external debt stocks and external debt
flows, consistent with the terms on which the
restructuring takes place. In the compilation and
presentation of external debt data, a distinction
is made between cash flows and imputed flows.
According to this criterion, restructured service
payments and the shift in liabilities from one
financial instrument to another as a result of debt
restructuring are considered to be imputed flows.
Both cash flows and imputed flows are recorded
separately in WBXD.
The imputed flows and stock changes associ-
ated with debt restructuring are included in the
database and tables to complement the cash-
basis transactions recorded in the main body of
the data. Such data encompass information on
the debt stock and debt flows restructured each
year, the amount of principal forgiven (interest
forgiven is shown as a memorandum item), and
the amount of external debt stock reduced either
by forgiveness or by a debt buyback operation.
Changes in creditors and debtors that result from
debt restructuring are also reflected. For example,
when insured commercial credits are rescheduled,
the creditor classification shifts from private to
official (bilateral), reflecting the assumption of the
assets by the official credit insurance agencies in
the creditor country. The data in the IDR publica-
tion and IDS database will show a reduction in the
external debt owed to the original private creditors
equal or similar to the amount of debt restructured
and a corresponding increase in the debt owed to
the new official creditor. Similarly on the debtor
side, when a government accepts responsibility
for the payment of restructured debt previously
owed by a private enterprise, the relevant change
in the debtor category will be reflected. Likewise,
if short-term external debt is restructured into
a long-term obligation, the stock of short-term
external debt will decline and the stock of long-
term external debt will rise by the amount of
short-term debt restructured. In the event of a debt
swap of long-term external debt (external debt to
equity, external debt for nature, or external debt
for development), the face value of the external
debt swapped will be recorded as a decline in long-
term external debt stock, but no flow transaction
(principal repayment) will be recorded.
D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y
Projections of future disbursements and debt
service payments
The WBXD system projects future disbursements
and future debt service payments on the assump-
tion that every existing loan commitment will be
fully used and repaid in full.
Future disbursements
Disbursement projections are made using one of
the following methods:
• Specific schedules. Debtor countries are
requested to submit a schedule of future dis-
bursements, if available, at the time each new
loan is first reported.
• Standard schedules. In the absence of specific
schedules, the WBXD system projects the
future disbursement schedule according to the
undisbursed balance of each loan at the end of
the most recent reporting period.
These projected schedules are based on profiles
derived from the disbursement pattern of compa-
rable loans that fully disbursed. Thirty different
profiles have been compiled corresponding to each
category of creditor and, in the case of official
creditors, for concessional and nonconcessional
loans. Each profile is derived by applying regres-
sion analysis techniques to a body of data on
actual disbursements for each fully disbursed loan
in the WBXD system. The profiles are periodically
updated to take into account the evolving pattern
of disbursements observed for fully disbursed loans.
Future principal payments are generated by
the WBXD system according to the repayment
terms of each loan. Principal repayments (amor-
tization) are based on the amount of the loan
commitment. If the amortization schedule fol-
lows a set pattern (for example, equal semiannual
payments), the WBXD system calculates repay-
ments automatically using the loan commitment
amount, the first and final payment dates, and the
frequency of the payments. If future payments are
irregular, the WBXD system requires a schedule.
Future interest payments are generated by
the WBXD system according to the disbursed and
outstanding balance of the loan at the beginning of
the period. Using the interest rate specified in the
loan contract, the first and final interest payment
dates, and the frequency of payments, the WBXD
system calculates the stream of future interest
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
payments due. If interest payments are irregular,
the WBXD system requires a schedule.
Future debt service payments are the sum
of future principal and interest payments due on
existing commitments, including the undisbursed
portion. They do not include debt service pay-
ments that may become due as a result of new
loans contracted in subsequent years, nor do
they take into account the effect of any change
to future debt service obligations resulting from
actions such as prepayment or rescheduling or
from cancellations that occurred after the most
recent year-end data reported to the DRS.
Both projected disbursements and future
debt service payments are converted into US
­dollars using end-December 2021 exchange rates.
Likewise, future interest payments on loans with
a variable interest rate (for example, loans from
commercial banks tied to the London Interbank
Offered Rate are based on the interest rate
­prevailing at end-December 2022.
Treatment of arrears
The DRS collects information on arrears of both
principal and interest. Principal in arrears is
included in the amount of long-term external debt
outstanding and is shown separately. Interest in
arrears on long-term external debt and interest
in arrears on the use of IMF credit are included
as part of short-term external debt outstanding
and are shown separately. Clearance of interest in
arrears by repayment will be recorded as an inter-
est payment in the relevant creditor category of the
loan (or loans) on which the arrears were incurred,
as a corresponding reduction in the level of short-
term debt outstanding, and as a net reduction
in interest arrears. Clearance of interest arrears
through debt restructuring or forgiveness will be
recorded as a reduction in the level of short-term
debt outstanding and a net reduction in interest
arrears. When interests are rescheduled, they will
be capitalized: this change will be recorded as an
increase in long-term debt outstanding equal to the
amount of interest capitalized and the reduction in
short-term debt outstanding noted ­previously.
External Debt and Its Components
T his section describes the compilation of the
major components of external debt included
170
in the tables and database and the relationship
between them, as shown in figure A.1. Information
about general methods of compiling external debt
data is discussed in the previous section titled
“Methodology.” For ­ concise definitions, see the
glossary.
Total external debt
Total external debt shown in the IDR publication
and IDS database is the sum of long-term external
debt, short-term debt, and IMF credit. It represents
the total debt owed to nonresident creditors and is
repayable in both foreign and domestic currency.
Short-term debt
Short-term debt is defined as external debt with
an original maturity of one year or less. The DRS
requires debtor countries to report only on their
long-term external debt. However, to gain a com-
prehensive picture of total external obligations,
the World Bank encourages debtor countries to
voluntarily provide information on their short-
term external obligations.
By its nature, short-term external debt is
difficult to monitor: loan-by-loan registration is
normally impractical, and monitoring systems
typically rely on information requested periodi-
cally by the central banks from the banking sector.
The World Bank regards the debtor country as the
authoritative source of information on its short-
term debt. Unless otherwise specified in the coun-
try tables, the data for short-term debt are derived
from the data provided by the Quarterly External
Debt Statistics database (QEDS; see https://www​
.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics/qeds).
BIS data on international bank lending is the
second source of information on short-term debt.
These data are reported on the basis of residual
maturity, but an estimate of short-term external
liabilities by original maturity can be derived by
deducting from claims due in one year those that,
12 months earlier, had a maturity of between one
and two years. However, not all commercial banks
report to the BIS in a way that allows the full
maturity distribution to be determined, and the
BIS data include liabilities only to banks within
the BIS reporting area. Consequently, the results
should be interpreted with caution.
The flow of short-term debt may be derived
from the change in claims (stock) data in the BIS
quarterly series over consecutive periods, but
 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y

Figure A.1  External Debt and Its Components

TotaI external debt

Short-term debt Long-term debt Use of IMF credits

by debtor

Private Public and publicly

nonguaranteed debt guaranteed debt

Private sector guaranteed

by creditor Public sector
by public sector

Commercial banks General government Other public sector

Bondholders
and other creditors

by creditor

Official creditors Private creditors

Multilateral Bilateral Bondholders Commercial banks Other creditors

Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System.

Note: IMF = International Monetary Fund.

valuation adjustments resulting from exchange
rate movements will affect the calculations, as will
prepayment and refinancing of long-term maturi-
ties falling due. When short-term external debt has
been rescheduled, lags in reporting and differences
in the treatment of the rescheduled external debt by
debtors and creditors may result in double counting.
Interest in arrears on long-term external debt
and interest in arrears on the use of IMF credit
are added to short-term debt and are separately
identified.
Use of IMF credit
Data related to the operations of the IMF are pro-
vided by the IMF Treasurer’s Department. They
are converted from special drawing rights (SDRs)
into dollars using end-of-period exchange rates
for stocks and average-over-the-period exchange
rates for flows. IMF trust fund operations under
the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility,
Extended Fund Facility, Poverty R ­ eduction and
Growth Facility, and Structural Adjustment Facility
(Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility in 1999)
are presented together with all of the IMF’s special
facilities (buffer stock, supplemental reserve, com-
pensatory and contingency facilities, oil facilities, and
other ­facilities). SDR allocations are also included
in this category. According to the sixth e­dition of
the Balance of Payments and International Invest-
ment Position Manual, SDR allocations are recorded
as the incurrence of a debt liability of the member
receiving them (because of a requirement to repay
the allocation in certain circumstances, and also
because interest accrues). This debt item was intro-
duced for the first time in IDR 2013 (formerly IDS
2013) with historical data ­starting in 1999.

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Long-term debt
Long-term debt has an original maturity of more
than one year. It comprises the obligations of both
public and private debtors. Private nonguaranteed
debt comprises the external obligations of private
debtors that are not guaranteed for repayment by
a public entity in the debtor country.
Public and publicly guaranteed debt com-
prises the external obligations of public debtors
and has two components: (a) public debt, which is
borrowing by the national government or agency,
by a political subdivision or agency, or by autono-
mous public bodies; and (b) publicly guaranteed
debt, which is borrowing by a private agency that
is guaranteed for repayment by a public entity.
Private nonguaranteed debt
The DRS reporting requirements were expanded
in 1973 to include long-term private nonguar-
anteed debt. Data are reported annually on an
aggregate basis and include, for the reporting year,
the total amount of disbursed and ­ outstanding
debt; the amount of disbursements, principal
repayments, and interest payments; the principal
and interest rescheduled; and the projected prin-
cipal and interest payments for future years. The
aggregate data are usually reported in US dollars,
and no information on the underlying currency
composition is given.
DRS reporting countries recognize the
importance of monitoring borrowing by their
­ and further disaggregated by creditor type.
private sector, particularly when it constitutes
a significant portion of total external debt, but
many countries acknowledge the difficulty of this
process. Detailed data are available only when
countries have registration requirements for pri-
vate nonguaranteed debt in place, most commonly
in connection with exchange controls. When for-
mal registration of private nonguaranteed debt is
not mandatory, compilers must rely on balance of
payments data and financial surveys.
The data on private nonguaranteed debt in this
publication are as reported or as estimated for coun-
tries where this type of external debt is known to be
significant. The estimation of private nonguaranteed
debt is based on the national data on quarterly
external debt statistics (from QEDS) or IMF data.
Flows are derived from the change in stock over
consecutive periods and are adjusted for the effects
of exchange rate movements (assuming the currency
composition mirrors that of public and publicly
172
guaranteed debt) and for any known debt restructur-
ing. Principal repayments are estimated on the basis
of the average maturity observed for loans to private
sector borrowers in countries reporting to the DRS
and on the basis of the stock of debt outstanding.
Interest payments are estimated on the basis of the
stock of debt outstanding and interest rates prevail-
ing in international capital markets.
Balance of payments data provide a useful
guideline in the estimation process: private non-
guaranteed external debt may be derived as a
residual between net long-term external borrow-
ing recorded in the balance of payments and net
long-term public and publicly guaranteed external
debt reported to the DRS.
Public and publicly guaranteed debt
Data related to public and publicly guaranteed debt
are reported to the DRS on a loan-by-loan basis.
The data provide annual information on the dis-
bursed and outstanding balance and the undisbursed
balance of each loan, the cumulative disbursements,
the principal and interest paid and principal and
interest restructured in the reporting year, and the
stock of any outstanding payment’s arrears of prin-
cipal and interest. Detailed information on the terms
and conditions of each loan is also reported. Public
debt and private debt publicly guaranteed are shown
separately in this publication. Public sector debt is
disaggregated by government and “other public”
Official creditors
Official creditors include multilateral and bilateral
lenders. In general, official creditors provide loans
(and, in some cases, provide grants) to public bod-
ies, although in some cases they may lend to other
entities with a public guarantee.
Multilateral creditors are international financial
institutions such as the World Bank, regional devel-
opment banks, and other multilateral and intergov-
ernmental agencies whose lending is administered
on a multilateral basis. Funds administered by an
international financial organization on behalf of a
single donor ­ government constitute bilateral loans
(or grants). For lending by a number of multilateral
creditors, the data presented in this publication
are taken from the creditors’ records. Such credi-
tors include the African Development Bank, Asian
Development Bank, Inter-American Development
Bank, IBRD, and IDA.
 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y

Bilateral creditors are governments and their
agencies, including central banks, aid agencies,
official export credit agencies, and a­utonomous
­agencies such as the US Department of Agriculture
or the Federal Home Loan Bank. Member countries
of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development’s Development Assistance Committee
and some other countries also report information on
loans extended bilaterally or officially guaranteed to
that organization’s Creditor Reporting System.
Private creditors
Private creditors include commercial banks,
bondholders, and other private creditors. This
­ tors and (b) bonds and commercial bank loans.
line includes only publicly guaranteed ­
creditors.
­ onguaranteed private creditors are shown
N
­separately.
Bonds include publicly issued or privately
placed bonds.
Commercial bank loans are loans from pri-
vate banks and other private financial institutions.
Credits of other private creditors include
credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other
suppliers of goods, plus bank credits covered by a
guarantee of an export credit agency. This line is
included in the online database but is not shown in
the published tables. It can be obtained as the dif-
ference between (a) credits of total private credi-

Data Documentation
Country-specific notes on debt

Country Country notes

Afghanistan Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and short-term debt for 2021 are World Bank staff estimates.
Short-term debt before 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt
restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in
2020 and 2021.
Angola Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are estimates based on central bank data and are not available
before 2009. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participated in
2020 and 2021.
Argentina Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt
before 2010 is based on data from the BIS.
Azerbaijan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-
term debt is based on data from the BIS.
Bangladesh Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data
from 2007 to 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country and are not
available before 2007. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Belarus Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country; the data from 2014 onward are sourced from QEDS.
Belize Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2021 are based on central bank data.
Benin Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring
agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Bhutan Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Bolivia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2021 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country.
Bosnia and Since 2005, private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Long-term private
Herzegovina nonguaranteed debt was revised for the 2018–20 period. Short-term debt before 2018 is based on data
from the BIS.
Botswana Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS.
Bulgaria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2020 onward are reported by the country. Short-term
debt data for 2021 are sourced from QEDS. The data include long-term public and publicly guaranteed
debt owed by the state-owned railway.
Burkina Faso Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2018 and after 2020 are World Bank staff estimates
based on reports provided by the country. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and
participated in 2020 and 2021.

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Country Country notes

Burundi Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Cambodia Data include MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Cameroon Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Central African Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
Republic DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 but participated in 2021.
Chad Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring
agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
China Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt are World Bank staff
estimates based on the aggregate reports provided by the country and market data.
Comoros Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in 2010 and 2013, and HIPC
debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Congo, Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring
Democratic agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Republic of
Congo, Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring
Republic of agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. Prepurchased debts for oil to private creditors were first
reported to the DRS in 2020 and 2021 after rescheduling, which accounts for the jump in debt stock
outstanding from 2020 to 2021. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Costa Rica Long-term private nonguaranteed debt and short-term data for 2021 are based on reports provided by the
country’s central bank.
Côte d’Ivoire Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on
data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club agreements signed in 2011 and 2012, and HIPC
and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Djibouti Short-term debt before 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt
restructuring agreement signed in 2008. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Dominican Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
Republic provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2009 and from 2014 onward is based on data from the
BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring agreement signed in 2005.
El Salvador Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by
the country.
Eritrea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2010 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt
for 2021 is based on data from the BIS.
Eswatini Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the International
Investment Position statistics from the IMF. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS.
Ethiopia Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Fiji Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2012 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is
based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Gabon Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2008 are World Bank staff estimates based on
reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of
the Paris Club debt buyback agreement signed in 2007.
Gambia, The Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Ghana Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible
and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Grenada Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 but did not
participate in 2021.
Guatemala Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country. The short-term debt data from 2014 onward are sourced from QEDS.

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Country Country notes

Guinea Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt for 2016 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is
based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club debt restructuring agreements signed in
2010 and 2012, and HIPC debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Guinea-Bissau Short-term debt before 2019 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt
restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or
2021.
Guyana Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data after 2014 are World Bank staff estimates based on market
data. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Principal payments shown from 2012 include rice for
oil deal. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in
2020 or 2021.
Haiti Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data cover only Inter-American Development Bank loans. Short-term debt
is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of Paris Club restructuring agreements signed in 2006 and
2009, and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Honduras Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
India External debt data before 2003 are revised from fiscal year to calendar year. Long-term public and publicly
guaranteed bonds include foreign institutional investor debt as reported by the Reserve Bank of India.
Indonesia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by
the country.
Iran, Islamic Short-term debt data are based on central bank data.
Republic of
Iraq Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS.
Jamaica Short-term debt data for 2021 are based on reports provided by the country’s central bank.
Jordan Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2021 are based on reports provided by the country’s
central bank. Short-term debt data for 2021 are sourced from QEDS.
Kenya Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Short-
term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 but participated in
2021.
Kosovo DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Kyrgyz Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by
Republic the country. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 but participated in 2021.
Lao People’s Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is based on
Democratic data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Republic
Lebanon Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 to 2012 are World Bank staff estimates based on
the 2013–17 debt stock. Short-term debt before 2013 is based on data from the BIS.
Lesotho A large interest payment was made in 2007 to a creditor country to settle a long-standing claim. Long-term
private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on the International Investment
Position statistics from the IMF. Short-term debt data are based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and
participated in 2020 and 2021.
Liberia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data
include the effects of Paris Club rescheduling agreements signed in 2008 and 2010, and HIPC and MDRI
debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Madagascar Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2017 to 2021 are World Bank staff estimates based on
market data. Short-term debt from 2017 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC
and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Malawi Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club rescheduling agreement
signed in 2006 and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Maldives Long-term private nonguaranteed and short-term debt data from 2006 are World Bank staff estimates
based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and
participating in 2020 and 2021.
Mali Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participating in 2020 and 2021.

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Country Country notes

Mauritania Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible
and participating in 2020 and 2021.
Mauritius Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2009 to 2010 and from 2017 to 2021 are based on
reports provided by the country and do not include offshore liabilities; 2011–16 data are World Bank staff
estimates based on reports provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on reports provided by the
country and includes offshore liabilities.
Moldova DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Mongolia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country. Short-term debt before 2008 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did
not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Montenegro Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for the period 2010–20 are revised. From 2005 to 2009,
private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt for 2020 and 2021 is
based on data from the BIS and for prior years is based on country reports.
Morocco Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS.
Mozambique Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2011 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI
debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Myanmar Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on
the original terms of the loans. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates
based on market data. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Nepal Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by
the country. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Nicaragua Short-term debt before 2007 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI
debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Niger Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief.
DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Nigeria Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2005 are estimates based on market data. DSSI eligible
and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Pakistan Debt rescheduling reflected in the DSSI is World Bank staff estimates using the partial reports from the
country. Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt
data from 2006 to 2015 are World Bank staff estimates based on the reports provided by the country. DSSI
eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Papua New Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Guinea
Peru Short-term debt and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data for 2021 are sourced from QEDS.
Philippines Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data no longer include unregistered debt and are revised from 2005
on the basis of reports provided by the country.
Russian Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt are World Bank staff
Federation estimates based on Balance of Payments and International Investment Position statistics from the IMF.
Rwanda Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible but did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Samoa Short-term debt data are excluded because BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located in the
country. BIS short-term debt amounts for 2019, 2020, and 2021 are US$4.5 billion, US$3.9 billion, and
US$3.8 billion, respectively. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
São Tomé and Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and
Príncipe participated in 2020 and 2021.
Senegal Long-term private nonguaranteed debt and short-term debt are based on data from the Central Bank of
West African States. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Serbia Beginning in 2006, the data for Serbia exclude Montenegro. Short-term debt is based on reports provided
by the country.
Sierra Leone Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt
restructuring agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.

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Country Country notes

Somalia Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt before 2018 are World Bank staff estimates based on the
original terms of the loans. Beginning in 2018, the data reflect the outstanding debt stock, principal, and
interest arrears, and include late interest payments and penalty amounts following the reconciliation exercise
by the government of Somalia with respective creditors. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
South Africa Long-term public and publicly guaranteed and long-term private nonguaranteed debt data before 2019 are
World Bank staff estimates.
St. Lucia Short-term debt before 2012 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020
but participated in 2021.
St. Vincent and Short-term debt data are excluded because BIS data include debt liabilities of offshore centers located in the
the Grenadines country. BIS short-term debt amounts for 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 are US$787 million, US$532
million, US$363 million, US$321 million, and US$242 million, respectively. DSSI eligible and did not
participate in 2020 but participated in 2021.
Sudan Long-term public and publicly guaranteed data for 2021 are World Bank staff estimates. Data include the
effects of HIPC debt relief from the World Bank, IMF, and African Development Bank. Long-term public
and publicly guaranteed debt data exclude penalty interest that has accumulated over an extended period
and is extensive. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS.
Syrian Arab Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates. Short-term debt is
Republic based on data from the BIS.
Tajikistan Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data for 2021 are World Bank staff estimates. Short-
term debt before 2015 is based on data from the BIS. Data include MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and
participated in 2020 but did not participate in 2021.
Tanzania Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data include debt liabilities of Zanzibar. Short-term debt
is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and
participated in 2020 and 2021.
Timor-Leste Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Togo Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of the Paris Club debt restructuring
agreement and HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Tonga DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Tunisia Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data from 2008 to 2014 are estimates based on reports provided by
the country.
Turkmenistan Country resumed reporting of long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt from 2008 onward; time
series has been revised. Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data (excluding bonds) cover only European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development lending.
Uganda Long-term private nonguaranteed debt data are World Bank staff estimates based on market data. Data
include the effects of HIPC and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Uzbekistan Short-term debt before 2009 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Vanuatu Short-term debt for 2021 is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and did not participate in 2020 or 2021.
Vietnam Short-term debt before 2016 is based on data from the BIS.
Yemen, Long-term public and publicly guaranteed debt data from 2019 onward are World Bank staff estimates
Republic of based on the original terms of the loans. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. DSSI eligible and
participated in 2020 and 2021, but country has not reported data.
Zambia Long-term private nonguaranteed data before 2016 are World Bank staff estimates based on reports
provided by the country. Short-term debt is based on data from the BIS. Data include the effects of HIPC
and MDRI debt relief. DSSI eligible and participated in 2020 and 2021.
Zimbabwe Long-term private nonguaranteed data are World Bank staff estimates based on reports provided by the country.
Data from 2001 include late interest fees owed to the Paris Club and commercial creditors. Short-term debt is
based on data from the BIS. Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe assumed external debt is not included in the data.

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Sources of the Macroeconomic Data on foreign direct investments and current

Indicators account balance are prepared by World Bank

T he macroeconomic data are prepared by
the World Bank from a variety of sources.
Data on personal transfers and compensation
of employees are prepared by World Bank staff
based using IMF balance of payments statistics.
staff using IMF balance of payments statistics
and United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development publications. Other macroeco-
nomic data are from IMF balance of payments
statistics.

Data on current account balance are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following
countries:

Benin (2021) Guinea-Bissau (2021) Rwanda (2021)

Burkina Faso (2021) Guyana (2020–21) Senegal (2021)
Burundi (2021) Iran, Islamic Rep. (2020–21) Sierra Leone (2021)
Central African Rep. (2021) Lebanon (2021) Somalia (2013–21)
Chad (2021) Liberia (2020–21) Sri Lanka (2021)
Congo, Dem. Rep. (2021) Mali (2021) Tanzania (2021)
Congo, Rep. (2017–21) Mauritania (2021) Timor-Leste (2021)
Côte d’Ivoire (2021) Mongolia (2021) Togo (2021)
Eritrea (2021) Myanmar (2021) Uganda (2021)
Gabon (2021) Niger (2021) Zimbabwe (2021)
Ghana (2021) Papua New Guinea (2021)

Data on exports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of payments
statistics for the following countries:

Benin (2021) Lebanon (2021) Somalia (2013–19)

Burkina Faso (2021) Liberia (2020–21) Sri Lanka (2021)
Burundi (2019–20) Mali (2021) Tanzania (2021)
Côte d’Ivoire (2021) Mauritania (2006–11, 2021) Timor-Leste (2021)
Ethiopia (2021) Mongolia (2021) Togo (2021)
Ghana (2021) Myanmar (2020–21) Uganda (2021)
Guinea-Bissau (2021) Niger (2021) Zimbabwe (2021)
Guyana (2021) Rwanda (2021)
Iran, Islamic Rep. (2001–21) Senegal (2019–21)

Data on imports of goods, services, and primary income are based on countries’ balance of payments
statistics for the following countries:

Benin (2021) Liberia (2020–21) Somalia (2013–18)

Burkina Faso (2021) Mali (2021) Sri Lanka (2021)
Burundi (2019–20) Mauritania (2006–11, 2021) Tanzania (2021)
Côte d’Ivoire (2021) Mongolia (2021) Timor-Leste (2021)
Ethiopia (2021) Myanmar (2020–21) Togo (2021)
Ghana (2021) Niger (2021) Uganda (2021)
Guyana (2021) Papua New Guinea (2021) Zimbabwe (2021)
Iran, Islamic Rep. (2001–21) Rwanda (2021)
Lebanon (2021) Senegal (2019–21)

178
 D a t a S o u r c e s a n d M e t h o d o l o g y

Data on personal transfers and compensation of employees are based on countries’ balance of payments
statistics for the following countries:

Burundi (2019–20) Rwanda (2021) Uganda (2021)

Ghana (2021) Somalia (2013–19, 2021) Zimbabwe (2021)
Lebanon (2021) Sri Lanka (2021)
Myanmar (2020) Timor-Leste (2021)
Data on primary income on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payments statis-
tics for the following countries:

Burundi (2019–20) Rwanda (2021) Tanzania (2021)

Lebanon (2021) Sri Lanka (2021) Uganda (2021)
Data on foreign direct investment are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following
countries:

Jamaica (2012–21) Myanmar (2020–21) Timor-Leste (2021)

Lebanon (2021) Rwanda (2021) Uganda (2021)
Liberia (2020–21) Sri Lanka (2021) Zimbabwe (2021)
Mongolia (2021) Tanzania (2021)
Data on portfolio equity are based on countries’ balance of payments statistics for the following countries:

Bhutan (2021) Rwanda (2021) Uganda (2021)

Jordan (2021) Sri Lanka (2021)
Lebanon (2021) Tanzania (2021)
Data on international reserves are based on countries’ international reserve statistics for the following
countries:

Congo, Rep. (2020–21) Sri Lanka (2021) Uganda (2020–21)

Peru (2021) Tanzania (2019–21)

179
Country Groups
Regional Groups
East Asia and Pacific Tajikistan (E) Egypt, Arab Rep. (A) Eritrea (E)
Cambodia (A) Türkiye (A) Iran, Islamic Rep. (A) Eswatini (A)
China (P) Turkmenistan (A) Iraq (A) Ethiopia (A)
Fiji (A) Ukraine (A) Jordan (A) Gabon (A)
Indonesia (A) Uzbekistan (A) Lebanon (A) Gambia, The (A)
Lao PDR (A) Morocco (A) Ghana (A)
Mongolia (A) Latin America and the Caribbean Syrian Arab Republic (E) Guinea (A)
Myanmar (A) Tunisia (A) Guinea-Bissau (A)
Argentina (A)
Papua New Guinea (A) Yemen, Rep. (E) Kenya (A)
Belize (A)
Philippines (A) Lesotho (A)
Bolivia (A)
Samoa (A) South Asia Liberia (A)
Brazil (P)
Solomon Islands (A) Afghanistan (E) Madagascar (A)
Colombia (A)
Thailand (A) Bangladesh (A) Malawi (A)
Costa Rica (A)
Timor-Leste (A) Bhutan (A) Mali (A)
Dominica (A)
Tonga (A) India (A) Mauritania (A)
Dominican Republic (A)
Vanuatu (A) Maldives (A) Mauritius (A)
Ecuador (A)
Vietnam (A) Nepal (A) Mozambique (A)
El Salvador (A)
Pakistan (A) Niger (A)
Grenada (A)
Europe and Central Asia Sri Lanka (A) Nigeria (A)
Guatemala (A)
Rwanda (A)
Albania (A) Guyana (A)
Sub-Saharan Africa São Tomé and Príncipe (A)
Armenia (A) Haiti (A)
Senegal (A)
Azerbaijan (A) Honduras (A) Angola (A)
Sierra Leone (A)
Belarus (A) Jamaica (A) Benin (A)
Somalia (A)
Bosnia and Herzegovinaa (A) Mexico (A) Botswana (A)
South Africa (A)
Bulgaria (A) Nicaragua (A) Burkina Faso (A)
Sudan (E)
Georgia (A) Paraguay (A) Burundi (A)
Tanzania (A)
Kazakhstan (A) Peru (A) Cabo Verde (A)
Togo (A)
Kosovo (A) St. Lucia (A) Cameroon (A)
Uganda (A)
Kyrgyz Republic (A) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (A) Central African Republic (A)
Zambia (A)
Moldova (A) Chad (P)
Zimbabwe (A)
Montenegro (A) Middle East and North Africa Comoros (A)
North Macedonia (A) Algeria (A) Congo, Dem. Rep. (A)
Russian Federation (E) Djibouti (A) Congo, Rep. (A)
Serbiaa,b (A) Côte d’Ivoire (A)
Source: World Bank Debtor Reporting System.
Note: Letters in parentheses indicate Debtor Reporting System (DRS) reporters’ status: (A) as reported, (P) preliminary, and (E) estimated. The status “as reported”
indicates that the country was fully current in its reporting under the DRS and that World Bank staff are satisfied that the reported data give an adequate and fair
representation of the country’s total public debt. “Preliminary” data are based on reported or collected information; however, because of incompleteness or other
reasons, an element of staff estimation is included. “Estimated” data indicate that countries are not current in their reporting and that a significant element of staff
estimation has been necessary in producing the data tables.
a. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, total debt before 1999, excluding International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Monetary Fund
obligations and short-term debt, is included under Serbia.
b. Data before 2006 include Montenegro.

181
I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2

Income Groups
Low-income countries Middle-income countries
Afghanistan Albania Eswatini Nepal
Burkina Faso Algeria Fiji Nicaragua
Burundi Angola Gabon Nigeria
Central African Republic Argentina Georgia North Macedonia
Chad Armenia Ghana Pakistan
Congo, Dem. Rep. Azerbaijan Grenada Papua New Guinea
Eritrea Bangladesh Guatemala Paraguay
Ethiopia Belarus Guyana Peru
Gambia, The Belize Haiti Philippines
Guinea Benin Honduras Russian Federation
Guinea-Bissau Bhutan India Samoa
Liberia Bolivia Indonesia São Tomé and Príncipe
Madagascar Bosnia and Herzegovina Iran, Islamic Rep. Senegal
Malawi Botswana Iraq Serbia
Mali Brazil Jamaica Solomon Islands
Mozambique Bulgaria Jordan South Africa
Niger Cabo Verde Kazakhstan Sri Lanka
Rwanda Cambodia Kenya St. Lucia
Sierra Leone Cameroon Kosovo St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Somalia China Kyrgyz Republic Tajikistan
Sudan Colombia Lao PDR Tanzania
Syrian Arab Republic Comoros Lebanon Thailand
Togo Congo, Rep. Lesotho Timor-Leste
Uganda Costa Rica Maldives Tonga
Yemen, Rep. Côte d’Ivoire Mauritania Tunisia
Zambia Djibouti Mauritius Türkiye
Dominica Mexico Turkmenistan
Dominican Republic Moldova Ukraine
Ecuador Mongolia Uzbekistan
Egypt, Arab Rep. Montenegro Vanuatu
El Salvador Morocco Vietnam
Myanmar Zimbabwe
Source: World Bank.
Note: Low-income countries are those with a GNI per capita of US$1,085 or less in 2021. Middle-income countries are those with a GNI per capita equal to or more
than US$1,086 but equal to or less than US$13,205. Italicized countries are IDA-only countries as of July 1, 2022; IDA-only excludes blend and IBRD countries.
República Bolivariana de Venezuela is unclassified ­according to the World Bank FY2022 income classification owing to a lack of available data; thus, it is not
included in this report or the International Debt Statistics database. FY = fiscal year; GNI = gross national income; IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction
and ­Development; IDA = International Development Association.

182
Glossary
Bilateral official creditors are official agencies
that make loans on behalf of one government to
another government or to public (and, in some
cases, private) borrowers in another country.
Bonds are debt instruments issued by public and
publicly guaranteed or private debtors with dura-
tions of one year or longer. Bonds usually give
the holder the unconditional right to fixed money
income or contractually determined, variable money
income.
Central bank is the country’s financial institution
that exercises control over key aspects of the finan-
cial system. It carries out activities such as issuing
currency, managing international reserves, transact-
ing with the International Monetary Fund, and pro-
viding credit to deposit-taking corporations.
Commitments of public and publicly guaranteed
debt constitute the total amount of new long-term
loans to public sector borrowers or borrowers
with a public sector guarantee extended by official
and private lenders and for which contracts were
signed in the year specified.
Concessional debt conveys information about the
borrower’s receipt of aid from official lenders at
concessional terms as defined by the World Bank,
that is, loans with an original grant element of 35
percent or more. Loans from major regional devel-
opment banks—the African Development Bank,
Asian ­ Development Bank, and Inter-American
Development Bank—are classified as concessional
according to World Bank classification.
Contractual obligations on outstanding long-term
external debt are the anticipated debt service pay-
ments on long-term external debt contracted up to
December 31 of the reporting year.
Debt buyback is the repurchase by a debtor of
its own debt, either at a discount price or at
par value. In the event of a buyback of long-term
debt, the face value of the debt bought back will
be recorded as a decline in stock outstanding of
long-term debt, and the cash amount received by
creditors will be recorded as a principal repay-
ment. For example, if a country buys back long-
term external debt of face value B at a price P,
then long-term external debt will decline by
B, and principal repayment will increase by P.
The ­difference between the price at which the debt
was bought back and the face value is recorded
as a debt stock write-off (the related transactions
are not separately identified in the International
Debt Report publication but are available in the
­International Debt Statistics database).
Debt forgiveness grants include both debts can-
celed by agreement between debtor and creditor
and reductions in the net present value of official
nonconcessional loans resulting from concessional
rescheduling or refinancing.
Debt outstanding and disbursed is the value at
year’s end of long-term external debt owed by
public and publicly guaranteed debtors and pri-
vate nonguaranteed debtors.
Debt restructurings are revisions to debt service
obligations agreed on by creditors and debtors.
Such agreements change the amount and timing of
future principal and interest payments.
Debt service to exports is the ratio of the sum of
principal repayments and interest paid on total
long-term debt (public and publicly guaranteed
debt and private nonguaranteed debt) to the value
of exports of goods and services and receipts of
primary income from abroad.
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) took
effect on May 1, 2020, and allowed 73 eligible
countries to apply for a temporary suspension of
debt-service payments owed to official bilateral
creditors. The suspension period, originally set
to end on December 31, 2020, has been extended
through December 2021.
Debt stock-flow reconciliation shows the indica-
tors that affect the change in debt stocks from one
period to the next.
Disbursements are drawings during the year speci-
fied on loan commitments contracted by the bor-
rower.
Exports of goods, services, and primary income
constitute the total value of exports of goods and
services, and primary income.
External debt flows are debt-related transactions
during the year specified. They include disburse-
ments, principal repayments, and interest pay-
ments.
External debt stocks comprise public and
publicly guaranteed long-term external debt,
private nonguaranteed long-term external debt,
use of International Monetary Fund credit and
special drawing rights allocation, and short-term
external debt.
External debt stocks to exports is the ratio of out-
standing external debt to the value of exports of
goods and services and receipts of primary income
from abroad.
External debt stocks to GNI is the ratio of out-
standing external debt to gross national income.
Foreign direct investment refers to direct invest-
ment equity flows in the reporting economy. It
is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment earn-
ings, and other capital. Direct investment is a
category of cross-border investment associated
with a resident in one economy having control or
a significant degree of influence on the manage-
ment of an enterprise that is resident in another
economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the
ordinary shares or voting stock is the criterion for
determining the existence of a direct investment
relationship.
Foreign currency swaps with other central banks
are reserve-related liabilities defined as foreign
currency liabilities of monetary authorities. These
184
debt liabilities are recorded as central bank debt
obligations.
Government sector debt consists of all external
debt obligations of all levels of the ­
government
and its departments, branches, agencies,
­foundations, institutes, nonmarket and nonprofit
institutions controlled by the government, and
other publicly controlled organizations engaging
in nonmarket activities.
Grace period is the time between the date on
which a loan is committed and the date on which
the first principal payment is due. The informa-
tion presented in the International Debt Statistics
database is the average grace period on all public
and publicly guaranteed debt committed during
the specified period.
Grants are legally binding commitments that
­obligate a specific value of funds available for dis-
bursement for which there is no payment require-
ment. They include debt forgiveness grants and
grants from bilateral and multilateral agencies (such
as the International Development A ­ ssociation).
Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value
added by all resident producers, plus any product
taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation
of output, plus net receipts of primary income com-
pensation of employees and property income from
abroad. Yearly average exchange rates are used to
convert GNI from local currency to US dollars.
Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative
is a program of the World Bank and the Inter-
national Monetary Fund to provide debt relief
to qualifying countries with unsustainable debt
burdens.
Imports of goods, services, and primary income
constitute the total value of goods and services
imported and income payable to nonresidents.
Interest arrears are due and payable immediately
and are therefore regarded as short-term obliga-
tions. Thus, an increase in interest arrears on
long-term debt will be recorded as an increase in
short-term debt. Interest in arrears on the use of
International Monetary Fund credit is also consid-
ered to be part of short-term external debt.
Interest payments are the amounts of interest paid
in foreign currency, goods, or services in the year
specified.

Interest rate is the interest rate applicable to a loan
commitment as specified in the loan contract. The
information presented in the International Debt
Statistics database is the average interest on all
public and publicly guaranteed debt committed
during the specified period.
IMF charges are the amounts of interest paid in
foreign currency in the year specified for transac-
tions with the International Monetary Fund.
IMF purchases are the total drawings on the gen-
eral resources account of the International Mon-
etary Fund during the year specified, excluding
drawings in the reserve tranche.
IMF repurchases are the amounts of principal
(amortization) paid in foreign currency in the year
specified for transactions with the International
Monetary Fund.
International reserves constitute the sum of a
country’s monetary authority’s holdings of special
drawing rights, its reserve position in the Inter-
national Monetary Fund, its holdings of foreign
exchange, and its holdings of gold (valued at year-
end London prices).
Long-term external debt is debt that has an original
or extended maturity of more than one year and that
is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy
and is repayable in currency, goods, or services.
Maturity is the date on which the final principal
repayment on a loan is due. It is the sum of the
grace and repayment periods. The information
presented in the International Debt Statistics
database is the average maturity on all public and
publicly guaranteed debt committed during the
specified period.
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) is a
program of the World Bank, the International
Monetary Fund, the Inter-American Development
Bank, and the African Development Bank that
provides additional debt relief to countries that
have completed the Heavily Indebted Poor Coun-
try Initiative process.
Multilateral official creditors are official agencies
owned or governed by more than one country that
provide loan financing. They include international
financial institutions such as the World Bank,
regional development banks, and other intergov-
ernmental agencies.
G l o s s a r y
Multilateral to external debt stocks is the ratio of
the stock of debt owed to multilateral creditors to
total external debt.
Net flows on external debt are disbursements
on long-term external debt and International
Monetary Fund (IMF) purchases minus principal
repayments on long-term external debt and IMF
repurchases. Up to 1984, this calculation included
only long-term external debt and IMF flows. Since
1985, the calculation includes the change in stock
of short-term debt (excluding interest arrears on
long-term external debt).
Official creditors are governments or other
bilateral public entities, such as export-import
agencies, development agencies, and multilateral
financial institutions, such as the World Bank and
regional development banks.
Personal transfers and compensation of e­ mployees
is the sum of personal transfers and compensation
of employees. Personal transfers consist of all cur-
rent transfers in cash or in kind made or received
by resident households to or from nonresident
households. Personal transfers thus include all
current transfers between r­ esident and nonresident
individuals. Compensation of employees refers to
the income of border, seasonal, and other short-
term workers who are employed in an economy
where they are not resident and of residents
employed by nonresident entities.
Portfolio equity is the category of international
investment that refers to portfolio equity inflows
and covers investment in equity securities. Equity
securities include shares, stocks, participation, or
similar documents (such as American depositary
receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity.
Present value of debt outstanding is the nominal
value of all future debt service obligations on
existing debt discounted at prevailing market rates
of interest. The interest rates used in this calcula-
tion are the Commercial Interest Reference Rates
(CIRRs) for each relevant currency compiled
and published by the Organisation for Economic
­Co-operation and Development.
Primary income on FDI are payments of direct
investment income (debit side), which consist of
income on equity (dividends, branch profits, and
reinvested earnings) and income on the intercom-
pany debt (interest).
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L D E B T R E P O R T 2 0 2 2
Principal arrears on long-term debt are principal
repayments due but not paid on long-term exter-
nal debt, shown on a cumulative basis.
Principal repayments are the amounts of principal
(amortization) paid in currency, goods, or services
in the year specified with respect to long-term
external debt.
Private creditors are bondholders, commercial
banks, and other trade-related lenders.
Private nonguaranteed debt is debt owed by pri-
vate sector borrowers to external creditors on
loans that do not benefit from a public sector
guarantee by the debtor country.
Public and publicly guaranteed debt outstand-
ing and disbursed is the value of debt at year’s
end of public sector borrowers and private
sector borrowers with a public sector guar-
antee, owed to official and private ­lenders.
Public and publicly guaranteed external debt
comprises public debt (an external obligation of a
public debtor, such as the general government or
agency, the central bank, a political subdivision
or agency, or an autonomous public body) and
publicly guaranteed external debt (an external
obligation of a private debtor that is guaranteed
for repayment by a ­public entity).
Public debt is an external obligation of a public
debtor, including all levels of government, the
central bank, state-owned enterprises, public
corporations, development banks, and any other
autonomous public bodies of government.
Publicly guaranteed debt is an external obligation
of a private debtor that is guaranteed for repay-
ment by a public entity.
Reserves to external debt stocks is the ratio of
international reserves to outstanding external debt.
Reserves to imports (months) is the ratio of inter-
national reserves to the value of imports of goods,
services, and primary income in the year shown
and is expressed in months:
Reserves
Imports/12
Short-term external debt has an original m
­ aturity
of one year or less. Available data permit no
186
­ istinction among public, publicly guaranteed, and
d
private nonguaranteed short-term external debt.
Short-term to external debt stock ratio is the ratio
of short-term external debt to total outstanding
external debt.
Special drawing rights (SDRs) refer to an inter-
national reserve asset that was created by the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1969 to
supplement its member countries’ official reserves.
The value of SDRs is based on a basket of four key
international currencies: the US dollar, the pound
sterling, the Japanese yen, and the euro. In addi-
tion to playing a role as a supplementary reserve
asset, SDRs serve as the unit of account for the
IMF and some other international organizations.
SDR allocations are reserve-related liabilities.
The SDR (special drawing rights) allocations are
included in the gross external debt position and
classified as long-term, special drawing rights.
Technical cooperation grants include (a) free-
standing technical cooperation grants, which are
intended to finance the transfer of technical and
managerial skills or of technology for the purpose
of building up general national capacity without
reference to any specific investment projects,
and (b) investment-related technical coopera-
tion grants, which are aimed at strengthening the
capacity to execute specific investment projects.
Total amount forgiven is the total amount of princi-
pal and interest due, principal and interest in arrears,
and debt stock forgiven in the year specified.
Total amount rescheduled is the total amount of
external debt rescheduled, including principal and
interest due, principal and interest in arrears, charges,
penalties, and debt stock in the year specified.
Total change in external debt stocks is the differ-
ence in the external debt stock between two con-
secutive years.
Use of IMF credit denotes members’ drawings
on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) other
than amounts drawn against the country’s reserve
tranche position. Use of IMF credit includes pur-
chases and drawings under Stand-By, Extended,
Structural Adjustment, Enhanced Structural
Adjustment, and Systemic Transformation Facility
Arrangements as well as trust fund loans.
 ECO-AUDIT
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T he International Debt Report (IDR), formerly International Debt
Statistics (IDS), is a longstanding annual publication of the
World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the
121 low- and middle-​income countries that report to the World Bank
Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2022 includes (1) analyses of external
debt stocks and flows from 2010 to 2021 for these countries; (2) an
assessment of the evolution of the creditor composition of external
debt over the past decade with particular emphasis on the e ­ mergence
of nontraditional bilateral creditors and private creditors and how this
has impacted the structure of borrowers’ public debt portfolios and
debt servicing costs, which complicates the debt restructuring pro-
cess; (3) a focus on how the World Bank has sought to enhance data
quality and transparency against the backdrop of rapidly ­changing
global debt dynamics (including an increase in commercial b ­ orrowing,
nontraditional lenders, and new instruments) that contribute to debt
transparency issues; (4) tables and charts detailing debtor and ­creditor
composition of debt stock and flows, terms volume, and terms of new
commitments, maturity structure of future debt service payments and
debt burdens, measured in relation to gross national income and export
earnings for each country; and (5) a one-page summary for each country,
plus global, regional, and income-group aggregates showing debt stocks
and flows, relevant debt indicators, and metadata for 6 years (2010 and
2017–2021).

Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues f­ undamental

to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2022 is an
indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, finan-
cial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development
­community. For more information on IDR 2022 and related products,
please visit the World Bank’s Debt Statistics website at www.­worldbank​
.org​/­debtstatistics.

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