Proceedings ofthe 2008 EEE ‘Bangkok, Thailand, Fobruary 21-26, 2008, Analogue Space Vector Modulator for Two-Phase loads using a Three-Leg Voltage Source Inverter Chakrapong Charumit and Vijit Kinnares Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chatongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand, 10520 Tel,662-3266052-10] Ext.2619 Fax. 662-3269902 Esmail:ch_charumit@botmail.com, kkwilit@kmitl.ac.th Abstract - This paper proposes implementation of a carrier- based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWMD strategy through an analogue method for a three-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) providing both balanced and unbalanced two- phase outputs, The phase difference angle of output voltages is kept at 90 degrees whilst the amplitude Is adjustable. The ‘mathematical approach to a waveform synthesis is proposed. The circuit design in accordance with mathematical equations of the Analogue modulator is given. The correctness of the proposed ‘method is verified by both simulated and experimental results, Index Terms ~ Space vector pulse width modulation, three-leg voltage source inverter, 1. Iwropucrion Pulse width modulation (PWM) has been studied for a long period in order to achieve better characteristies such as wide linear modulation range, less switching loss, less total harmonic distortion (THD) and easy _ implementation Generally, a PWM. inverter plays an important role in industrial and residential applications since it offers several advantages for example reduced low order harmonies, small filter size and light weight. In the past, sinusoidal pulse width ‘modulation (SPWM) was commonly used for an inverter and easily implemented with an analogue technique based on a comparison between a high frequency carrier wave and a sinusoidal reference wave [1]. Presently, SVPWM is a popular method, particularly for a three-phase system since it offers various ‘advantages over other strategies such as simplicity in implementation, wide linear modulation range and less harmonic distortion [2], For a two phase system [3}- [6], there are some publications involving implementation and motor drive applications. However, most of them are based on digital techniques [7}{9}{11} Carrier-based SVPWM is an alternative method to classical SVPWM which is easy to be implemented not only by digital but also by analogue techniques [12]. It ean reveal obviously the space vector equivalent modulating functions. As shown in Fig.l, a three-leg VSI providing two-phase outputs is increasingly interested especially for two-phase drive applications due to good de voltage utilization, reduced {otal harmonic distortion of currents and availability of three Jeg modules{7},(15]. Unbalanced two-phase supply is required for the performance improvement of an asymmetrical type vo-phase induction motor for variable speed applications 13}-[15]. SVPWM based on the analogue method 978-1-4244-2679-9/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE {seldom reported although it offers low cost implementation, an essential basis for being derived to other techniques and a better understanding of modulating functions. This paper focuses on the principle and implementation bbased on a mathematical approach and the analogue technique of both balanced and unbalanced two-phase SVPWM applicd to the three-leg VSI. The validity of the proposed method tested with a balanced resistive-inductive load is demonstrated, FF A oes fp ie Fig Thes-leg VST sapling two-phase industive loud. Il TWo-PHASE SVPWM STRATEGY ‘The principle of a modulation strategy of carrier-based two-phase SVPWM using a threc-leg VSI is illustrated in Fig2. vf", yj, vf are space vector equivalent references of cach phase leg which are non-sinusoidal waveforms contaminated with odd harmonic components. Switched waveforms for cach leg are obtained from a comparison between a common triangular carrier wave and cach space vector equivalent reference. By using phase leg b as a common phase leg, two-phase outputs are achieved from difference of voltages between points a-b denoting as V, and voltages between points c-b denoting as v,. The resultant fundamentals of the two phases can be adjustable whilst the phase difference angle is kept constant. A. Balanced Output SVPWM If let phase b be a common phase, twoephase reference signal for generating SVPWM pattem are V,, or Vand V4, orv!. The relationship between two-phase stationary and thret-phase reference systems for the thre-leg VSI can be written in a matrix form as [12] 1607Ve] senatomrn ers -V, hrareerrr Hsia |, Angle( degrees) Fig2 Catir-based two-phase SVPWM pater for a these VSI vi] [1-1 oy, 0-1 Ife, a lo 1 ofp, ‘where a zero sequence component (is equal to V5, From (1), a phasor diagram for the relationship between two- phase and three-phase systems can be drawn as Fig.3 Fig Relationship between two-phase and theephase phasors for ‘alaced output From Fig. 3 in order to achieve the phase difference angle between Vj and vj is 90 degrees, the three phase reference voltages can be expressed as Vgp = msin(ot) Q) ve msin( \ 2) vig =msin(or 7) @) where ‘m= modulation index (0m <1) In order to achieve the required three phase references for the three-leg VSI for generating SVPWM pattern, the zero component( v, }, which ig a fumetion of instantaneous maximin values between vy and v.", is introduced and the inverse matrix of (1) which is the relationship for the transformation from 3 phase system into 2 phase system is obtained as vi] fo mp yi {-lo 01 © vi} fo 1 ify, +1, ). The phase difference ngle is also stil 90 Gegrees for PWM outpt voltages, Fig 19 shows harmonic woliage spectrum in dB for unbalanced phase volages which harmonic sidebands for both voltages are similar and around atthe miles of the cartier frequency (i.e. 5 kHz, 10 kHz, tic). This characteristic is similar fo «typical SPWM. This Confirms the effectiveness of the proposed modulator for sencrting accurate PWM patterns toa Ais @ © Fig, 17 Balanced output voltage case (8) PWM outp voltages and oad tents fr bath phases (b) Space vetrtajecory i complex pane gs nw ws eo 7 &) 18 Untlanced urpu voltage cas (a) PWM output vltges and load ‘urea fr both pass (b) Curent vector aectory in a complex plas Tan rem o ; | Fy “ La yl a ye | Ny Prapenta vy oy, Fig, 19 Comesponding voluge spectrum for the unbalanced oupur volage IV. ConcLusions ‘This paper has dealt with a prineiple and implementation of two-phase SVPWM using a three-leg VSI providing balanced and unbalanced phase voltages. The phase difference angle of output voltages is always kept at 90 degrees whilst the amplitude is adjustable. The space vector modulator is realized by the simple analogue circuit, The proposed method is easy to be implemented and controlled for two-phase loads. With the proposed method, control of unbalanced output voltages is possible for the requirement of an asymmetrical type two-phase induction motor drive in performance improvement [14], [15 1611REFERENCES [1] CM. Young, ©. Lin, ©. 11 1it,"New InveterDriven Design and Contol Method for Two-Phase Induction Motor Drive,” Hl Power Application, IEE Proceeding, vol. 143, No.6, pp 458-166, 1996 ] D.G. Home, "The Sigilicance of Zeo Space Vector Placemcat for CCarice-Based PWM Schemes” IEEE Trant on Industry Application Vol 32, pp 1122-1129, 1986, [5]. N. Abel-Rabim and A. Shaltou, “Operation of Singl-Phase Indution ‘Moor as Two-Phase Moto" JECON 02 Industrial Electrons Soe, Vol, pp.967 972 Nov. 2002. Is) F-Blaaber, F. Lurgeano, K: Skaug, and M. Tonnes “Evaluation of Low-Cost Topologies for Two Phase Induction Motor Drives," Proc IEEE PCC-2002 Confy pp. 2958-2365, 2002. [5] E.R. Benedict and 7. A. Lipo, “Improved PWM Modulation for PermanentSpit Capacitor Motor” im Proc. IEEE, 14S, Conf, vol3 p.2005-2010, 2000, [6] 1° Yao, 1. Kease and A, Lipo, “Design Considerations for Moor CContallerIaepraion of A Single Phate Induetion Motor Packaged Drive" in Proc, JEMDC 03 Con, vol 2, pp.1289-1244, 2003, IT) de Rossiter Corea, M.B., Jocobina, CB. Lima, AMN. and da Sia ER.,"A Three-Leg Voltage Source Inveter for Two-Phase AC Motor Drive Systems," IEEE Transom Power Blecionie vol. 7, No. 1, p.317-523, 2002 [a] 1 Sinihusoahichat, R Arcchamad, and V.Kinnares, "Comparative Pesformance Evaluation of Two-Phase PWM Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drives With Various Topologies” i» Proc. IBEEAPEC 2008 Conf 2008, [9] MA Jabbar, Senor, Ashwin, M. Khambadkone, and Zhang Yantens, “Space-Vecto: Modulation in Two-Phase Induction Motor Drive for CConstan-Power Operation," IBEE Trans. on Industrial Elecronics| Yo, No.5, pp. 1081-1088, 2008, [H0) Devizar C. Manns, Las C. Tomaselli, Tells B. Lazarn, and vo ‘Bubi, “Drive fore Symeuical Two-hase Induction Machine Using ‘Vector Modulation,” IEED Trans. om Industrial Application, Vol126, No. pp 853-840 2008. 11) 4 Destin, “PWM methods for owo-phase inverter,” IEEE on narra Application Magazine, Vol3, NO, 5061, 2007 [12} Y. Sheng Ming, L.Feng-Chich and C. Ming-Chung, Coal of a Two- Phase Linear Stepping Motor with Thvee-Phate Volage Source Inver.” in Proc, IEMDC 03 Conf, vl. 3, p.1720-1725, 2003 (13) J Sinthasoathichs, and V:Kinnares, Performance Evaluation of Variable ‘Speed Two-Phase Induction Motors, in Proc. IEEE PowerCon 2002 Con, pp. 25652568, 2002 [14] D.G’ Holmes, and A. Kosopoulos, "Variable Speed Conta! of Single and Two Phase Indvtion Motors Using a Tree Phase Voltage Source Inverter," Proc IEBE IAS. Conf Vol. 1, pp.613620, 1993 [i5) $. Sinhusonthichat, and V. Kianaes, “A Neb Modulation Sttegy for Unbalanced Two Phase Indaction Motor Drives Using a Thuee-Leg Voliage Source Inver,” JEES Trans. on Industral Applicaton Vol125, No.6, pp82-491, 2005. [15} D. G. Holmes and T. A. Lipo, “Pulse Width Mol Converters, Wile Interscience,” EEE Press, 2003, fon for Power 1612