ROLE OF DEFECTS IN MATERIAL

IDEAL PERRFECT CRYSTAL

 Atoms are arranged in a regular and continuous pattern.

Real crystal

 Atoms are disturbed at point , Line, or region.

DEFECTS

 Regular arrangement of an atom are disturbed .

 Structure sensitive (properties affected):Mechanical strength,; Ductility, crystal growth

 Structure insensitive (properties are not affected)

 Stiffness and density.

POINT TO VACCANCIES.

 Missing atoms, displaced atoms or extra atoms, the imperfection is named as a point defect

SCHOTTKY DEFECT

 The defect occurs in the Lattice point are unoccupied.

 The Number of missing positive and Negative ions are same

FRENKEL DEFECT

 Ion occupies interstitial position between the lattice points

INTERSTITIAL IMPURITIES

 Same atom go to interstitial in crystal is known as self interstitial.

FOREIGN INTERSTITIAL

 Another atom is comes to the interstitial

SUBSTITUTIONAL IMPURITY

 One atom is replaced by the another atom.

LINE DEFECTS

 Defects in the line in a crystal.

EDGE DISLOCATION

 Mirror is placed or half of the crystal that is one side is four atoms arranged and another side
five atoms are arranged . The concept is one line is added in the top of the crystal.

SCREW DISLOCATION
  The crystal arrangement is shifted or seen by layer

SURFACE DEFECTS

GRAIN BOUNDARY

 Crystal is divided by grain boundary. The right and left arrangement of atom are different

TILT BOUNDARY

 Low angle variation.

TWIN BOUNDARY

 Centre arrangement of atom is differ from the right and left arrangement of an atom

STACKING POINT

 Stacking defect is arrangement of stacking sequence is ABC , but defect ABABC is present

VOLUME DEFECT

 Volume defect occurs cracks in a crystal growth.

CONCLUSION:

 To find Mechanical behavior of the material.