19 /0 8/2 02 3

□ RQ~--tD Ae~--t'\J4ty ~
0
MaJh P"{\)"b-(lei'ri~~ \ ['\J .I .J [N ,T ~J
1/ A-r,s : 'vsl e k"l'\ C>'\N,
)\ =- lA 4 X 1D- ~ / h<::>u.~

N ,c: No . e - A t · N = No)'{1 - Zci10

9J i_ = e - At ~-~t:::~'1)\NJ ~ Nf ;)l 1- o. 7~
No ~,
::- 0 .. 25 N ~

~ -A t= J -nj ~ 0
\ ,,_J1)jo.25) ~ N = Q. 2_5
. No
~ )\ -t C: _Q "f) l1 I -J.-1) Io .2 s\ - .t ? .='

~ ~ -t == J) i) ,_1---=---
o.25

~ 1\-t ~ . h 141 ~ t == *· 1 ~ -t
--h 4 [ = 9 b2 . 70'°'o~-os
~ .t = . 9 G2 .. 70 hQ~1c>S'
 11' )4 \
~1)\2\
3/ ftf\s:, [ \J.\l.I .J l N.T,J [e~. rt.] = ~1) \2 1
2

J~\2\
~ AtroioJ..t1\~ _:tq the (A)v.__es.t.ft"()~
. a_R
t= 't = \ .2 _;1' \2)
~~)2)
(!) F1bQE.t-tr:i'1\ Qf ~~ho.~ = 2
S~bstQ."I\C'e 4-ts.to1~t~"i\Q_ -te~ . , . _._
- .. : . ~ -n \a_IT)l 'TI)
,- No N = 1..- N _ -A-t --:--==--
No No - 1 -e ..h\0.11\ ll

1
:::: 1 - e - j-
'"ti = 1. - e_
-1
= 1 - .1_ !
[
ro~"' . J[ \J ~ I J
.... -- L
I . P..
[N a] (\J& J - .; - ~j.

[·: ..t"" 'tJ A-fis_:

l
I

..._ .

r l-,.~~- 1 r,1-·-r- T\ , -
 - -- ------ - - - .

4] ~1)s: ~~_?:.] i N.T,J

,.. . - - - -- -- - --
- • 1
-
-

(if) t-1 _ o.D 1 = 1G

1 [\J .L \> .J
G
M~ - 1_

1 1 5 ~ 0 :y - ln 1 0 0 f
: . --t :=- T1/2
0 .( ;< )3 'f
~,, 1 M"
M
==-
O.C)<:)3

~ t = 1 0 5 £ 3 .7 3 1 ecr~"b~ ./
- - - - - -- -- -- -- .. --
5/ A'fls ; _C'\J ,'\J ,I .J _[N :_T,} [C:~t-J
.t ~ iO T 1./2 =: ( 4- .5J.X :10:) / eQ.~cs
~
10
'1 e-o:1~s ;
1 L : (·
 {

~ ( o. 6~ 3 ;\ X 10 10
~ N = e t 4 -51)1_1..o: )
No
I [N .] [" J. l. p. ]
~ N - 0~ 21 .5 0
No
~
," , Pe111c>ei)ta_~e of ~v 23 ~
.:tha_,t
-- -
e:ic-ts.te& 101 a
1EQ~s Q~n st~__\)~ su~'\J~'\Je s = · N A1DO
No
=- (0 .2 15 0X 1D~1/~
[N .J [\/.Lf>,J = 21.501/.
Ai )S 7'
-- -
[\J e\l 0
I 0
[N o1~-J [C~J-t~J
]

- -
To~ ~ TOQ~; of .Poto_ss.\U -it\ =~i;o .'f.1()(:)) k~ · -I

""o.~,3s \<..~ ='"o.:1sk~

: , Ma_s s of K4o { 0.0 1 2 i0 .- 3 ~ kcJ
C10 0 .
) ~ {CN,J~ .r.r.J --
5
= (4.2~uo-
- .'
 --.

- --- --
7/ A'lf3 J (\l .J .]_~N.T.) le~~.t.J
[1st'v\J~Q(t-1y ~ -,J ·-- - -- - - - .
Y\J e K"nC)~ ~ ~ ,· &N ~ 1 Cu__; ~e
RctJio Q ~.t"\1-t~ of tA_1') Q:tD1() q . d -t -=~ )l, 3 .7X 10
1 ':J
-~ N = )) N -[~-J fr. ~.J ~eC'°'"f s -1
c\-Z .
I T.1;2 -=. 2.b.~ m;"'1"'-tes-
= 1 b O~ S(t=>a1) J~
 ~ N == dN x .i · _ d N 'f- T¼
&~ >. - ~ Ji)\2)

~ N == d N /\ T i /2 [Fow·«i .J
~~ --ll"T) \2) ["\J . I .J
1
~ N :c 3 7 1-1 0 1 () x 1b 0' 82' =- '2. 52 .2i 4 X1 0 ~c tt0 ll\s
b
0 ~6"~ ~
13)a_.to'1"()£
7 N '" ('3 . 5'2-341' 10

?b 2 14 ") \/\) = N XM
t)~ A
i . 5 ~& 4- -X 1.0 1- ~ 2 14-
3
~ \J\J -=
23
17' £. 0~ 23 f\1\J
~ \f\/ ~ 3 . C) .5 )(. 10 - ~ 8"0 Q."11\ - ,
 ~ ~"1
-4-f- ~
N
~ N= *1' F\
23
"'> 't; ::: N ~ 3 .')GX ID1-0s ccc l 7-b.022>}10
c\N '1_'24
&T
=;;:>~ 05 => N === 2.E;V",110~1
- \J -= 10 o 'l~ 4 b . '841'\civ.:{b s O A

=> 't = 4 ~22DC. 111?5 4 &a.~s

~ ~ :=: 12 '325 . ~2 tfa__~S
-
0) lfn<::.: ('\l.I.J t_N .\ J (fQs~. J [1s.t 'No..1,J
---·
\i e~r "' A ::: o .00 4-- b 2 da~f 1.
N \)'\N ~ 't CCC 1. ::=c 21b.45 &°''/$
)\
r ,

T1 ~ ~i)\ 2 ' ~ 156.03&~~~

12 /"'),.' A"('f-3 ~
- - -- ___.---- ---

10/ A~ ::, ~ ~J-J [N.T.J

---- [C'i<l.i'i-]
-
lls.t 'tJ°'
. -
~J
T1./2 === 16 72 "jfQ__~S
Mo =:' 1B-m
I

iM: c= ~
.... ~-
-
- .
2i_o;-o:)1b-~
·- - ..
_ INo] ['\J ,, I p\).,J
 ~ t= T1-1z
J11J21
x-h\-~,-, \ '= 1£"72 ;di1/ 1DOO .1
0 .6 'J 3 1000-2

=) t= 5 ,0 ] 'j fQ io S
A~s i
I
:

/ 1 1; ~~
'/,]
['-1.L] [N .T.J [C"~--1.t.J _[1s t ~

T1;2 =- 3b 8 2 5 JQ;S
t ~ 1~~1

----- ~q-t I
:. F~o.C"t---lo"fl o f -the 3~---lei) ~o_~]e- of R Q~ O'fl

No - N : -
w-kJ~ ~~s-t11-:te('.l~~e -lll 1 &Q/ =
Ne
= 1 -0 .' 8 0 4 ==- 0 -1G5 · - [\J ~I· Po]
t
=1 - N ,. ., [N.J
O

No -- -

- ·-
A~s: ~ o [ \J I J f N ~
o_ J [C"l)~t oJ
12)
0 0

I
. He~ e ,
""J L k-ro'\"-' ~
N =- e - /\ t . f\ == 0- .3'8 X- 10:).ho'lii .
No .GL-~-o-.2~ /[N[J.JP J
~-t = { .)1 1 ~ ;; No I
0
0
•
. . . . .
 : [A C T 'o ~ - { ~ 8
,to .:fue
1 i--(l I) ( 01. 2 5 \
~ t == ( 2.~'8x10 ~ lN\les t .( o l) J C>

X 1 0 - 4- ho'.l~ j -t"°?
~ -t = 4. <i? 1 0 5 Q

o/ -t ~ 1 ~7 8
2S
 J 1/ /rr)si [ 'l. r.J [1\1. T [1st \N0-1,J CM'/ -~°--'/ ,J_
0 ]

Ii: 1b f 6) T1 /2 "' b oJO\·-r31

( ~ D-f,;; .t1li~~ C\ ,t.f011 <?o'i'\ s ~°'-"f\ ..t,, )i = --0.-n l2 I
T1-12
=='> A == 0~ l9 3 === 0 0 j_ 1 c- ~
60 ') :..; CX.Q_~~✓

(IT) /'\--ie~o.~e L.rf e Pe1c>,91.ioJ ~ 't = T112 ;c_- CO

~i) )2) 0 ~69:,

~ 1; =: 8[ !5 6" ~ °'-"11/
Q

trns:
0lDPie eo"1oJ-t"1\8 --tD .$he (N\l.e s.t--t<ri),

N
N()
= 1 -l ~
+
4- = o. 25
T

"Ne K~Q'\t\J~

1 t = T½
..(H1 \2)
-A ~i\ N•
N
:._ . bO
0.6o/!J A
}i\ +)
? t ='i2_()~o_"JS / .
>\ _______ ,_ __ A"s :=-
'I/ - - - - - - --
----
J 5) ~Ip_; l:J ~~_:I . J [N~T~J [ C~-tt J [is t 'f\J~,,J 0

b
 ~ 1-~)=__~
~L = ~ -~~~_1s_ _
--
0
- --- --- [N~J [I o?~]

,/;, .t1- = T 1J2

-Qi\\·2}
~~~\ N
N
o\ == 25
)1'12)
1_Q1\ ) ~ \~
7

( a_se -2__; N _ 1
_ t\\c - 3 2
-· - ,,. - ·- ·- [NJ ['\J I J) J O 0

\:,2 i
1

t 2 == ~ 1'\ \ No \ ~ 1- ln
0

• ,

~1),~
Ti/ 2 y_
/N I ~~12 ,
23

~ -t2
5
=' 25J ; -hJ2 \ = 'l'5'A9~J!"fl) 2 l = 12.5}):)ll~~
~1) ,2, ~1 2 1
0
-t:2 = 1 2- 5hcrv:fS,..,,,.-
--~·--- - -- -·------ --- -
--

0 JYl~~o~u_C"~-\01) ¾~__!'-l""_~~eo_'l) ~½ S~c=='~_ Q{tj) N'II_C'~ ~

EiJe -r~, ~
~ ~s ~ 3
12- i
X iC) - _ .1-X 1()- 3 ,
(a_\ 1 () ""\{ - 1' - -
-~ r - -

') 11 (; .0'2.3)\ 1.D2.G - (t:02G A'.L()2~

- =0- .bb
~ ·-1- :~ ~ 00 A 10-
24
)3,1)-_~ .Gf(}2iX 10-- J -k~ 2

· - - -- - - - -- · •· l_Fcm,f).J [\t I . J-
 -- - -- -- -
(t?) Pms: We: ~--now~
- 27 '\
-) X ( 2Y X 1 G
~)2-
1= ==- "TI). c> 2- = ( 1-. b G" 0'3 A 1 D

=> F= (.t ,40 4A 10 -

1
9J
~. . ' 1 o-rn '-l = (1._. +3 4- )U_0 - 1 ~ J / [ Fo1>--rri. J
· ['\J 0 I o]
10
~ E ::::c 1_ .. 4°J '4X 10 - . · e'\J ! 1.e\J = 1 ,. GX 1Q- 19 J
1 cx 10 - 1 ~
6
[Fo~m . J

~ ~ =~ :32 >. 91 ~ )\1 0b ) e'J

: . 1 D.<ffl ll . = ~ 3 3. 3 2 X 1 () 6') e \I = '}3 3 . ~ 2 Me \J .

'

: , I 1o:mll = ~ ;\J .
33. 91 '8~ 1ot>)e\J = ~ 33~-s·-1~M---
-- ---- -! /
[ Fo~--r<) .. J [ \J. I .,J
I
j' _~ )J
oTo] [~
~ 2/ ~~~; ["J o"J., 1°] [N--- ~t~] [is .f-\J\Ja
-- -- ---
[ M1 wo.1 ,J

,)Fo-r,, .\so ~ove 7> () 16 j

~ P~T.0 .?
.'. 1"\qss ~ _fe e t, ~' tl ) = [i1l'lpt '6,o-n -1.s. ~C)o.52iJa,_"fl\4_
~ 4-m =- [8-rf)r+ '8m11 -1 5 ~<)30E23Jal()'{

? ~' ff ) = 0 ~1 2 7 0 0 5 o:m~
~
r -
: , , B-i'l\~-t19 E'ile ~~/ =
0r"rf) X 9 3 1 Me\} I I

-~1___ _ [ Fo1b7n °]
[ V'f)-t.t ~ W-J M l. l -- i ['\I · LJ
' L ~ ~~~ ,] ~
- ~
-
- ~
-· -- -... -
B.i11~ ;~ E~e~~, == b m y._ 9 3 1
~ L0~1370D5 X~-:2>tMe\/
~Q .

=- 1 27-& 5 5 Me\J

:. B-t'i\J_z~ C :T )c ~~ / pe~ 'il\.l.c!:o"I) == j}-J- 55 Me\J

: 7- ~ 7 Me '\J ,, frns~
- - -- i\ - --
)
., p =-cg, "f) = 1 ()
A~ Q-\"1\, fa~ -tso'tope '8 0
rt ~ n - 1 Z ~ 4 7 l~ } ~ m l, (
: .MQs<s ~efec1 , /2 ~ "" [1-m lQ
~ 4-m = Cl . 1 5 0 0 3 Ot n')¼
e'fle'fba / = lo. 15OQ3 X ~:a {;)Me~
:, j3~1)J.;'-q2)
= 13C?>.74 e. \J

: , B.{'f\J;1'® e1)e~a, pe ~ 1' \l(C'~e'Oi1 = 1.;J -74 Me'-J

== 7 , 7 6 Me \J / A"f'i s i
 -,
16
-fs ~ e s.to b ~ .:t-hQ"f1

7 . 0) 7 '> 7 . 7€
30
As
30 1 ~ ~

4 ; P =- 2 a; T ) = 2
ro-,) 2 He
+ 2-.oi) - 4 - .0 0 2 6"0 ] crrr.~
-m p
-;-~ M o s s J e fe-~-t i 41'f) ~ [ 2 OJ a:'fY)'-{
~ 2 2 - 4 . 0 0 2G
7 ~ "' f{ ) == [ 4 . 0 3 1

1 ) = 0 . 0 2 <) 2'8 2 o,_~ ~

? 4 1

e1 ) e ~ ff ( f'c' '° '1 ) '-le~ e 0'11

= ~ . o2 ~ t'8 2. ,: 931 , r-- E' v

.. , e, - ' ~ ..t'Y\C,
= f; , 8 1 5 Me\J
 l'fl ~ k2)~-!'-l'1}
He1or~ No = To~t1.~ Nl.\.i'l\bf'ib o f oJo'TllS

N "' To.to.J Nct1'1be1l o f Q:to"!ilsJ ef:f kN11~

A= DJsJ-,,.tea~*t-{G~ Cc,11s~u'f).t
-t = T--iine ta.\<e-n to b-ts.rntea,b°'.te

He~f ~ A =- 1>-tsJ11~es~~t_o'i) C(Y'()S:ta.1'lt

T112- = H~l f J-t fe of a. t()'11)s

Heioc~ ~ = ~ei"o~e L~fe of a_.t~s

T1J2 = H~H ~;fe o f o.-tO'l'ls
A = D-is..i~ea-f\Q.:t;crn C'o-<)s¼u11-t
- - --
F01ml.J
4 f -1-ee-"flt-to.~a_~~ "I'== . i ~ibQ'ff\ [

lj_ - - _ u_ . _ 1n_'Q ----.J

 - -- ----
== e - At \ [ Fcrib"11' J 0

1 ['\J~I ~]

N = To.taJ N\l"f(\b e~
-- -
of otmi)~ ~ef:t' be'nY~nc)
M = TQf a_~ u-rn~'\A.~ ?f -rncts~ ~ef~ be~~J
No = To.tQ~ Nu.ii'\ \?e11> of Qto-rn s ~ ~-e be.2)-i 1Y'll-'-n(J
Mo = Tot~~ A-r<\O\l-()t of Mo.ss J.i) .the b~ .t"ITIJ--t. .·13--
A = D--ts-t~ea'°Clt-lel'i\ Co~ ~a..~
-t =- T-{~ ~~e \) -t~ d-t!:Lt~:te~""00.t e
-- - - - - - - - ~--
- - --
b/ -~
~ :i.__
I
= ~ . N = AC'.i-t'\J~--tj of °'~ ~:t(JTT\
_ = JQ.d,--ic, Q<='j--<'\J~:ty of q-n a._-1-o'r'\
[Fo~~,.J [ "\JoI, l
He~e~ -
A= DJS--l"()t("'~~Q11(JiY ~Qf\B.1o.'1\.t .
N= Tato. ~ N\J,_"11\'te~ of Q:t()it\S; ~ef -t \,etl-{"'-1"!~

7/ l (\1.~ ~e' c~-7 A1o i~)c tecoyi f [f<J1n11.]

-- - -·---- .
.~ t
----- - -
- ' = l1. .1 > , .r ~
, . , , - -..1r -
 9 Mw,s: of o.tO'rf) s [Fo?"mJ
J' q V\l = N
Jt. Pl
'I- t--1
J
[\Jo I ~

Hf'1le 9

M= Mqss o f 11no~e of o.«n o to1V)

N = Totq~ N\l_il'be~ of ~to1ns -\tft beh-{'i\J
Nu:ff,be-r, ~ @'-0 2-'.3'X1Q2
~a~
A ::: ~" 1, Q ~1 bo

'.~ ~ ?h1s-t ~ cr nd NvcJeo/ l~

o _Ii\ ~o~¼.C' -t.fo'll - ~~ u. C' ~C

-
·E=~e'{<}3l r
Gr;~ei) A~.-te
We~h:t -l1\ - A
1 / Pa..ck-l~ F1oa..~.t--lt'i1 =
~\A eS ~- tC )-r )