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CAUSES:
There are many causes of head injury in children and adults. The
most common injuries are from motor vehicle accidents (where
the person is either riding in the car or is struck as a pedestrian),
violence, falls, or as a result of shaking a child (as seen in cases
of child abuse).
SYMPTOMS:
Some brain injuries are mild, with symptoms disappearing over
time with proper attention. Others are more severe and may result
in permanent disability. The long-term or permanent results of
brain injury may need post-injury and possibly lifelong
rehabilitation. Effects of brain injury may include:
Cognitive deficits
o Coma
o Confusion
o Shortened attention span
o Memory problems and amnesia
o Problem-solving deficits
o Problems with judgment
o Inability to understand abstract concepts
o Loss of sense of time and space
o Decreased awareness of self and others
o Inability to accept more than one- or two-step
commands at the same time
Motor deficits
o Paralysis or weakness
o Spasticity (tightening and shortening of the muscles)
o Poor balance
o Decreased endurance
o Inability to plan motor movements
o Delays in getting started
o Tremors
o Swallowing problems
o Poor coordination
Perceptual or sensory deficits
o Fatigue
o Changes in sleep patterns and eating habits
o Dizziness
o Headache
o Loss of bowel and bladder control
Personality or psychiatric changes
o Apathy
o Decreased motivation
o Emotional lability
o Irritability
o Anxiety and depression
o Disinhibition, including temper flare-ups, aggression,
cursing, lowered frustration tolerance, and inappropriate
sexual behavior
Rehabilitation program:
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT:
The severity and the condition of the patient define the
recommended treatment protocol. The physiotherapy for post-
traumatic brain injury patients depends on their neuroplasticity
and motor control. Physiotherapy management sessions for the
TBI patients help with motor functioning. This aids in reducing the
severity of the disability.
Types of physiotherapy management for TBI
The physiotherapeutic interventions also depend on the aim of
carrying out the treatment. The different physiotherapy
management techniques for TBI include the following.