MAPPING EXERCISE GEO522

Digital Elevation Model

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a specialized database that represents the relief of a surface
between points of known elevation. By interpolating known elevation data from sources such as
ground surveys and photogrammetric data capture, a rectangular digital elevation model grid can
be created.GIS software can use digital elevation models for 3D surface visualization, generating
contours, and performing viewshed visibility analysis
In this exercise, you will:
 How to download DEM
 How to generate Hillshade map
 How to generate Slope map
 How to generate aspect map
 How to generate curvature map
 How to generate watershed
 How to generate Contours
 How to generate cross section view
 How to generate stream network

How to Download Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from freely open Source

12.5 m DEM is freely available on Alaska Satellite Facility. First of all you have to create an
account which is also free. Then select the study area. Draw a polygon along it and click search.
Numbers of DEM will show is the “Results” section. Download the most suitable one.

Source link:
https://search.asf.alaska.edu/#/?flightDirs=&zoom=3&center=55.03113994634561,22.63359221976895
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Watershed

 Add Data which include DEM.

 Use the hydrology module (Arc toolbox > spatial analyst tool > hydrology)
 Select fill and use “DEM” data in “Input surface raster)
 Now select “Flow direction” and use “Fill” data in “Input raster surface”

 Select “Flow Accumulation” and use Flow direction data as input

 Now create a point shapefile and mark (digitize) junction point between these two lines.
one line is representing Indus river while other astore river.
 New select “Snap pour point”.
 Use Snap (point shapefile data created in previous step) in “Input raster” and use
“accumulation” data in “ input accumulation raster”
  Now select “watershed”.
 Use “Direction” data in “input flow direction raster” and “pour point” data in “Input
Raster”

 Watershed of astore will be generated in Raster format. Use conversion tools “Raster to
polygon” to convert
Stream network

 Open Raster Calculator available in “ArcToolbox” (Spatial Analyst tool > Map Algebra
> Raster Calculator)
 Double click “accumulation” “>” and type 50000 (accumulation > 50000)
 Stream network would be in raster format. Use conversion tool. Raster to polyline

 Now using Extract by mask (discussed in previous lab) extract the DEM within
Watershed. DEM would look like this
Hillshade Map: A hillshade is a grayscale 3D representation of the surface, with the sun's
relative position taken into account for shading the image

 Tool Box > Spatial analyst tool > Surface > Hillshade
 Use “DEM” in Input Raster option.
Slope Map: The Slope tool can be used to create a slope map by identifying the slope from each
cell of a raster surface

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Slope
 Use “DEM” in Input Raster option.
 To create a 3D effect turn the transparency if slope to 50%.
 Properties (Slope) > Display > Transparency
Aspect Map: An aspect-slope map simultaneously shows the aspect (direction) and degree
(steepness) of slope for a terrain (or other continuous surface)

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Aspect
Curvature Map: The Curvature function displays the shape or curvature of the slope. A part of
a surface can be concave or convex; you can tell that by looking at the curvature value

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst Tools > Surface > Curvature
Contours: Contour lines are a familiar way of representing surfaces on maps. A contour is a line
through all contiguous points with equal height (or other) values

 Tool Box > Spatial Analyst > Surface > Contours

Cross section View

 First make sure that 3D analyst option is checked in the “Extensions”

 Customize > Extensions > 3D Analyst
 Right click and select “3D Analyst”

 Select “DEM”

 Interpolate Line
 Drag/ Draw the line using the above mentioned tool

 Select/Click “Profile Graph”