Attribution Endorsement Conjunctions Modality Evaluation

Attributing or projecting Attributing claims Words that link ideas, helping to create a ‘flow’ in the writing. Words which express degrees of Words interpreted as
claims to outside with more or less Many conjunctions can be used at the start of a sentence certainty, frequency or positive or negative
authorities in a specific support or and/or to link two short sentences into one long one. obligation or which intensify
or general way certainty See WriteSIte for examples, exceptions and exercises. (WriteSite web address at bottom meaning of other
of this page) words
According to ____ [neutral] Comparison Contrast Cause Exemplifying for may occasionally [+ve] important
reports states In the same way However because example, for could can generally significant
_____argues (that) notes likewise In contrast as so so instance, might regularly for strong clear
_____discusses describes just as On the other hand that to illustrate this such will the main effective main
explains both … and On the contrary since as would has to part major
_____states (that)
illustrates argues Instead Nevertheless had to beneficial
_____shows (that)
shows Addition In but yet Therefore Restatement in should * very just valuable
_____expresses relevant
finds outlines addition still Thus other words to must * ought simply merely
_____proves (that) maintains logical persuasive
Additionally neither …nor Hence sum up in to only
_____explains (that) persuades summary valid unbiased
Furthermore even so need even
____suggests (that) in sum in brief that actually plausible useful
____ demonstrates Moreover As a result, succeeds in …
In the view of Similarly is to put it another perhaps really in
Replacement Because of this For
According to and also as way possibly fact much
Alternatively or this reason in order
____ ‘s argument well Time & Place probably [-ve] problematic
or else for
____’s statement besides not First(ly), certainly barely slightly limited unrealistic
[positive] affirms in order that
____’s claim only but Second(ly), quite almost irrelevant minor
agrees stresses consequently
____’s thesis also Concession Finally, nearly scarcely unnecessary
asserts usually
____’s position besides Although sometimes hardly insignificant biased
demonstrates Condition
Even though then always * never absolutely invalid questionable
emphasises unless
Despite * entirely controversial
In ____’s view makes clear after afterwards
Whereas if seldom rarely completely fails to … neglects …
then in that previously
While totally * dismisses … omits ...
As {argued} by ___ [negative] case subsequently
claims assumes prior to up ‘til definitely
that being so tends to seems
suggests now to the absolutely
There is (widespread) NB: Concession words by all means appears
proposes present at
agreement that … believes in his allow the writer to present first and clearly of
opinion acknowledge foremost next course
There is (strong) evidence overlooks opposing positions in surely
to {suggest} less powerful ways obviously
e.g. {Although} [there
A number of researchers are some valid points
(____ 1995; ____ 2003) raised by Smith], there
are many significant
A study by__ {found} that problems …
…

The researchers
{suggest} that …

____’s {claim} (that)